Washington Industrial Safety and Health Act. Under the Washington Industrial Safety and Health Act (WISHA), an employer must provide a workplace free from recognized hazards. The Department of Labor and Industries (L&I) administers WISHA. If L&I believes an employer has committed a violation, L&I issues a citation, and, depending on the violation, may assess civil penalties. Civil penalties may be adjusted based on the employer's inspection history, the size of the workforce, and other factors. Civil penalties are mandatory for serious or willful violations.
L&I is required to classify all occupations or industries in accordance with their degree of hazard, and fix the basic rates of premium to be:
L&I has classifications for warehouses and fulfillment centers.
Written Quota Description Required. Each employer must provide to each employee:
The written description must be understandable, in plain language, and in the employee's preferred language. L&I may adopt rules regarding the requirements for the written description.
The written description must be provided upon hire or within 30 days of the effective date. Whenever there is a change to the quota from the most recent written description provided, the employer must notify the employee verbally or in writing as soon as possible and before the employee is subject to the new quota; and provide the employee with an updated written description of each quota within two business days of the quota change. Whenever an employer takes an adverse action against an employee for failure to meet a quota, the employer must provide that employee with the applicable quota and the personal work speed data for the employee that was the basis for the adverse action.
Prohibited Activities. A quota is a violation if the quota (1) does not provide sufficient time for breaks, including travel time, or (2) prevents the performance of any activity required by the employer for the employee to do the work subject to any quota.
It is a violation of the industrial safety and health act, if a quota:
An employee is not required to meet a quota that violates these provisions.
Retaliation and Rebuttable Presumption. An employer may not take any adverse action against an employee or former employee for exercising their rights related to quotas.
There is a rebuttable presumption of retaliation if an employer takes any adverse action against any employee within 90 days of the employee engaging in protected actions.
The presumption may be rebutted by clear and convincing evidence.
Time Considered in a Quota. The time period considered in a quota, including time designated as productive time or time on task must include:
Right to Information. An employee has the right to request, and the employer must provide, a written description of the quota, a copy of the employee's own personal work speed data for the prior six months, and a copy of the prior six months of aggregated work speed data for similar employees at the same warehouse distribution center.
A former employee has the right to request, within three years subsequent to the date of their separation, a written description of the quota as of the date of their separation, a copy of the employee's own personal work speed data for the six months prior to their date of separation, and a copy of aggregated work speed data for similar employees at the same warehouse distribution center for the six months prior to their date of separation.
An employer must provide records requested under this section at no cost to the employee or former employee. An employer must provide records as soon as practicable. Requested records of written descriptions of a quota must be provided no later than two business days following receipt of the request. Requested personal work speed data and aggregated work speed data must be provided no later than seven business days following receipt of the request.
Records Retention. An employer must establish and maintain records of:
The records must be maintained:
The employer must make records available to L&I upon request.
Department of Labor and Industries Enforcement For Safety and Health Violations. Violations related to a quota interfering with their safety and health rights must be enforced through the Industrial Safety and Health laws. An employer who fails to allow adequate inspection of records in an inspection by L&I within a reasonable time period may not use such records in any appeal to challenge the correctness of any citation and notice issued by L&I.
Complaints for Non-Safety and Health Violations, Investigations, and Penalties. If an employee files a complaint with L&I alleging a violation of other provisions, L&I must investigate the complaint. L&I may not investigate any such alleged violations that occurred more than three years before the date that the employee filed the complaint. L&I must generally investigate the complaint and issue either a citation and notice of assessment, or a closure letter within 90 days after receipt of the complaint, except when written notice of a good cause extension is provided. Upon receiving a complaint regarding a violation, L&I may request or subpoena the records of warehouse distribution center quotas and employee work speed data. If L&I's investigation finds the employee's allegation cannot be substantiated, L&I must issue a closure letter to the employee and the employer.
L&I may initiate an investigation without an employee's complaint to ensure compliance with the law.
An employer may be subject to a civil penalty of not less than $1,000 for each violation. An employer who is found to have violated a requirement resulting in a rest or meal period violation must pay the employee one additional hour of pay at the employee's regular rate of pay for each day there is a violation.
Procedures for appeal and collection of assessments and judgments are provided.
L&I may adopt and implement rules to carry out and enforce the provisions of this act.
Private Right of Action. An employee or former employee or designated representative may bring an action for injunctive relief to obtain compliance, except related to industrial safety and health act violations. Injunctive relief, related to violations in regards to breaks, activities required to do the work subject to the quota, or taking adverse action, is limited to suspension of the quota and restitution and injunctive relief to address any retaliation or other adverse action taken by the employer in relation to the complaint or its enforcement.
In any action alleging retaliation, in addition to the injunctive relief, the prevailing employee or former employee or the representative must be awarded damages equal to the greater of $10,000 or three times the actual damages, including unpaid wages and benefits, and costs and reasonable attorneys' fees.
Attorney General Action. The attorney general, either upon the attorney general's own complaint or the complaint of any person acting for themselves or the general public, may bring a civil action for violations, except for industrial safety and health act violations, or to enforce the provisions, independently and without specific L&I direction.
Definitions. Certain terms are defined. Employer means a person who directly or indirectly, or through an agent or any other person, including through the services of a third-party employer, temporary service, or staffing agency or similar entity, employs or exercises control over the wages, hours, or working conditions of 100 or more employees at a single warehouse distribution center, or 500 or more employees at one or more warehouse distribution centers in the state. All employees of an employer and its affiliates are counted.
Warehouse distribution center means an establishment with the following North American industry classification system codes:
Quota means a work performance standard under which an employee is assigned or required to perform at a specified productivity speed, or perform a quantified number of tasks, or to handle or produce a quantified amount of material, within a defined time period and under which the employee may suffer an adverse employment action if they fail to complete the performance standard.
The committee recommended a different version of the bill than what was heard. PRO: This bill requires transparency regarding quotas. This bill requires that employers tell new hires production speed, quota, and standard expectations. It also addresses the factoring of meals and breaks into quotas. Many warehouses already have these protections through collective bargaining, this bill will extend these protections to non-union warehouses. It’s clear that there are injuries associated with the fast pace of production, and if employees don’t know their expected speed, they feel pressured to work as fast as possible which leads to additional injuries. Legislative intervention is necessary. This will not impact small businesses.
CON: Different warehouses have different operation standards, and there are concerns about putting quotas into statute. This bill goes beyond transparency and is an overreach of the government. Private right of action and other enforcement provisions should be removed. Trucking and delivery drivers should be excluded. This will duplicate protections about meal and rest breaks that already exist which will cause legal confusion. This bill will disrupt the supply chain. It is redundant and doesn’t accomplish what it intends.