Growth Management Act. The Growth Management Act (GMA) is the comprehensive land use planning framework for counties and cities in Washington. The GMA establishes a wide array of planning duties for 28 counties, and the cities within those counties, that are obligated to satisfy all planning requirements of the GMA. These jurisdictions are sometimes referred to as fully planning under the GMA.
 
The GMA directs fully planning jurisdictions to adopt internally consistent comprehensive land use plans. Comprehensive plans are implemented through locally adopted development regulations. Development regulations include zoning ordinances, official controls, subdivision ordinances, and other regulations.
 
Development regulations must also establish and implement time periods for local governments to take action on each type of project permit application. These time periods should not exceed 120 days unless the local government makes written findings that additional time is needed to process specific types of applications.
 
Project Permit Process. Before developing land, a developer must obtain permits from the local government allowing the development. These permits can include land use permits, environmental permits, building permits, and others, and are known as project permits. When a county or city planning under the GMA is reviewing a project, its comprehensive plan and development regulations must serve as the basis for the project permit review.
 
Local governments must issue a determination of completeness of the project permit application within 28 days of submission and must notify other governments and agencies of the application if they have jurisdiction over some aspect of the project. The determination of completeness may include a preliminary determination of the development regulations that will be used for project mitigation or determination of consistency.
 
If the locality determines the application is incomplete, the locality must notify the applicant what additional information is needed to make the application complete. The local government must notify an applicant whether the application is complete or what additional information is needed within 14 days of resubmission.
 
A project permit application is determined to be complete when it meets the local procedural submission requirements and is sufficient for continued processing. The determination of completeness does not preclude a request for additional information if new information is required, or substantial project changes occur. A project permit application is deemed complete if the GMA jurisdiction does not provide the determination within the required time period.
 
Within 14 days of a local government determining a project permit application complete, the locality must provide notice of application to the public and to affected departments. The notice must include a determination, statement of public comment period, and scoping notice under the State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA), if applicable. A public comment period must be at least 14 days but no more than 30 days following the date of notice of application.
 
If an open record pre-decision meeting is required for the project permit, the local government must issue its notice of application at least 15 days prior to the open record pre-decision hearing.  No more than one open record hearing and one closed record appeal may be provided, except for the appeal of a determination as provided under SEPA.
 
A local government must provide a notice of decision that includes a statement of any threshold determination made under SEPA. The notice of action should be issued within the time period specified by the local government for each type of project permit application, and should not exceed 120 days unless the local government makes written findings that a specified amount of additional time is needed to process specific complete project permit applications or project types.
 
Should a local government deny a project permit application, a local government may, but is not required to, provide for administrative appeals. If provided, an administrative appeal of the project decision, combined with any environmental determinations, shall be filed within 14 days after the notice of the decision has been made and is appealable.
 
Project Review?Required Elements. A proposed project must be consistent with a local government's development regulations, or in the absence of applicable regulations, the adopted comprehensive plan. Applicable regulations must be determinative of the following:

• type of land use permitted at the site, including uses that may be allowed under certain circumstances;
• density of residential development in urban growth areas; and
• availability and adequacy of public facilities identified in the comprehensive plan or development regulations.

 
Site Plan Review. A local government may require a binding site plan to be included with any permit application prior to the issuance of construction permits. The site plan may include a description of physical details that relate to the site and the type of use proposed, including landscaping, design, parking location, and other site-specific issues. A site plan provides exact locations, and detail for the type of information appropriately addressed as a part of property division, such as infrastructure, certification, and other requirements of typical subdivisions.
 
The review of a site plan must include a preapplication conference, conceptual review, public participation meeting, design guidance review, and a final design review and recommendation. A site plan may be subject to review by the local public health district, city engineering department, or the local planning commission.

Annual Performance Report Requirements. Counties located west of the crest of the Cascade mountain range and whose populations were greater than 150,000 in 1996 as determined by the Office of Financial Management, and the cities located within those counties with populations of at least 20,000, must prepare annual performance reports that include, at minimum, the following information:

• total number of complete applications received during the year;
• number of complete applications received during the year for which a notice of final decision was issued before the 120 day deadline;
• number of applications received during the year for which a notice of final decision was issued after the 120 day deadline;
• number of applications received during the year for which an extension of time was mutually agreed upon by the applicant and the county or city;
• variance of actual performance to the 120 day deadline; and
• the mean processing time and the number of standard deviations from the mean.

 
A county or city required to complete the annual performance report must provide notice of and access to the report on the jurisdiction's website.

Project Permit Applications?Determination of Completeness. Within 20 business days of receiving a project permit application, a city or county fully planning under the GMA must provide a written determination to the applicant. The written determination must state either:

• the application is complete; or
• the application is incomplete and that the procedural submission requirements of the local government have not been met, and an . The determination shall outline ofwhat is necessary to make the application procedurally complete.

 
A project permit application is deemed complete when it meets the procedural submission requirements of the project permit application as outlined by the local government. Additional information or studies or project modifications may be required or undertaken subsequent to the procedural review of the application by the local government.
 
The need for additional information or studies may not preclude a completeness determination if the procedural submission requirements outlined by the project permit application have been provided.
 
A determination of completeness may include or be combined with:

• a preliminary determination of those development regulations that will be used for project mitigation;
• a preliminary determination of consistency;
• other information the local government chooses to include; or
• the notice of application pursuant to the requirements of the urban growth area under the GMA.

 
An application shall be deemed procedurally complete on the 29th day after receiving a project permit application if the local government does not provide a written determination to the applicant that the application is procedurally incomplete. When the local government does not provide a written determination, they may still seek additional information or studies. The notice of application shall be provided within 14 days after the determination of completeness.

Project Permit Application Time Periods.  Local governments must establish and implement time periods for local government actions for each type of project permit application in their development regulations. The time periods should not exceed the following unless modified by the local government:

• 45 days for permits which do not require public notice;
• 70 days for permits which require public notice; and
• 120 days for permits which require public notice and a public hearing.

 
A local government may modify the time periods to add permits types not identified, change permit names or types in each category, address how consolidated review time frames may be different than permits submitted individually, and address how projects of a certain size or type may be differentiated.
 
If a local government does not adopt an ordinance or resolution modifying the time periods established in this act, then the time periods established in this act must be applied. Adopting a resolution or ordinance to implement the time periods established in this act are not subject to appeal unless the time periods are modified to include a permit type for which more than 120 days is provided for.
 
The total number of days the application is in review with the local government is calculated from the date a determination of completeness is issued to the date a final decision is issued on the project permit application. The number of days is measured by counting five days per week, excluding holidays. The number of days the application is in review with the local government does not include the following:

• time period between when the local government has notified the applicant that additional information is required and the day when additional information is submitted by the applicant;
• if an applicant informs the local government, in writing, that they would like to temporarily suspend review of the project permit application; and
• if an administrative appeal is filed that extends the time period to issue a final decision.

Project Permit Applications?Exemptions.  Project permit applications for interior alterations must be exempted from site plan review under the condition that the interior alterations do not result in additional sleeping quarters, nonconformity with federal emergency management agency substantial improvement thresholds, or increase the total square footage or valuation of the structure, which would all require upgraded fire access or fire suppression systems. Any interior alteration may not modify the existing site layout, current use, or building footprint.

Annual Performance Report. A city or county required to establish an Urban Growth Capacity Report under the GMA must produce an annual performance report that includes information outlining time periods for certain permit types associated with housing. The information collected is intended to provide:

• permit time periods for certain permit processes in counties and cities;
• ongoing information to those submitting permits, local governments, and the state regarding permit time frames associated with permit processes for housing;
• the total number of decisions issued during the year for the following permit types:
• preliminary subdivisions;
• final subdivisions;
• binding site plans;
• permit processes associated with the approval of multifamily housing;
• construction plan review for each of these permit types when submitted separately;
• the total number of decisions for each permit type which included consolidated project permit review; and
• the total number of days from a submittal to a decision being issued, the application was in review with the county or city, and the permit is the responsibility of the applicant.

 
Beginning in 2024, cities and counties must begin collecting data for purposes of producing the annual report. A county or city required to produce an annual report under this act must post the report on the jurisdiction's website and submit the annual report to the Department of Commerce (Commerce) by March 1st.

Commerce must develop a template for jurisdictions to utilize use when reporting data. No later than July 1st each year, Commerce must publish an annual report that includes:

• annual performance report data for each county and city subject to the reporting requirements;
• a list of those counties and cities whose time frames are shorter than established by this act in order to glean best practices from the jurisdictions; and
• key metrics and findings from information and data collected.

Project Review and Code Revisions. Each local government is encouraged to adopt further project review and code provisions to provide prompt, coordinated review for project permit applications. This includes, but is not limited to:

• collecting reasonable fees from an applicant for a permit approval to cover the cost to the jurisdiction processing applications, inspecting and reviewing plans, or preparing detailed statements as required by SEPA;
• entering into an interlocal agreement with another jurisdiction to share permitting staff and resources;
• having on-call permitting assistance in place and budgeted for when permit volumes or staffing levels change rapidly;
• having new positions budgeted that are contingent on increased permit revenue; and
• adopting development regulations which:
  1. only require public hearings for permit applications required to have a public hearing by statute;
  2. make preapplication meetings optional rather than a requirement of permit application submittal; and
  3. make housing types an outright permitted use in all zones where the housing type is permitted.

 
If a local government has taken measures to provide prompt, coordinated review for project permit applications and is not meeting the time periods identified by this act at least 50 percent of the time, the county or city must adopt new measures, as part of its comprehensive plan periodic update, aimed at reducing permit timelines.

Commerce must develop technical assistance that focuses on local governments that have implemented at least three of the project permit review options established by this act. Technical assistance must provide guidance to assist local governments in setting appropriate fee structures to ensure that fees are both reasonable and sufficient to recover true costs, including guidance on growth factors or other measures to reflect cost increases over time.

Financial Assistance. Commerce must:

• establish a consolidated permit review grant program for eligible local governments; and
• establish a grant program for local governments to update their permit review process from paper filing systems to software systems capable of processing digital permit applications, virtual inspections, electronic review, and capacity for video storage.

Prior to receiving a consolidated permit review grant, a local government must commit to issuing final permit application decisions within 45 business days or 90 calendar days and establish an application fee structure that would allow the jurisdiction to continue providing consolidated permit review within the same time frame. A local government may use the grant moneys to contract with a third-party business to conduct consolidated permit review, or to provide additional inspection staff. Any jurisdiction awarded moneys under the consolidated permit review grant program must provide a quarterly report to Commerce, detailing the jurisdiction's average and maximum time for permit review during its participation in the grant program.

Digital Permitting Process Work Group. Commerce must convene a Ddigital Ppermitting Pprocess Wwork Ggroup, that includes cities, counties, and building industries, to examine a potential statewide license and permitting software for local governments to encourage streamlined and efficient permit review. The work group must submit a final report to the Legislature by August 1,  2024.