SENATE BILL REPORT
SB 5441
As of January 30, 2023
Title: An act relating to promoting and supporting the development and adoption of school district curricula that is diverse, equitable, and inclusive.
Brief Description: Promoting the adoption of school district curricula that is diverse, equitable, and inclusive.
Sponsors: Senators Wilson, C., Liias, Hunt, Lovelett, Nguyen, Salda?a and Valdez.
Brief History:
Committee Activity: Early Learning & K-12 Education: 1/30/23.
Brief Summary of Bill
  • Requires larger school districts to designate inclusive curricula coordinators and smaller school districts to work with regional coordinators at educational service districts (ESDs), subject to appropriations.
  • Specifies that these coordinators promote, advise, and support the development and adoption of curricula that is diverse, equitable, and inclusive, and they must work with regional youth advisory councils established at each ESD.
  • Directs the Office of the Superintendent of Public Instruction, in collaboration with other entities, to create an open educational resource database for developing inclusive curricula.
SENATE COMMITTEE ON EARLY LEARNING & K-12 EDUCATION
Staff: Ailey Kato (786-7434)
Background:

Instructional Materials Committee.  School district boards of directors must adopt a policy relative to the selection or deletion of instructional materials.  The policy must establish an instructional materials committee with certain members.  The instructional materials committee makes a recommendation about the materials in accordance with district policy, and the school board approves or disapproves the recommendations.

 

First-Class and Second-Class School Districts.  First-class school districts have enrollments of 2000 or more students, and second-class school districts have fewer than 2000 students.

 

Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion.  State law defines the following terms:

  • diversity describes the presence of similarities and differences within a given setting, collective, or group based on multiple factors including race and ethnicity, gender identity, sexual orientation, disability status, age, educational status, religion, geography, primary language, culture, and other characteristics and experiences;
  • equity includes developing, strengthening, and supporting procedural and outcome fairness in systems, procedures, and resource distribution mechanisms to create equitable opportunities for all individuals, and also includes eliminating barriers that prevent the full participation of individuals and groups; and
  • inclusion describes intentional efforts and consistent sets of actions to create and sustain a sense of respect, belonging, safety, and attention to individual needs and backgrounds that ensure full access to engagement and participation in available activities and opportunities.

 

Beginning in the 2023-24 school year, and every other school year thereafter, school districts must use one of the professional learning days to provide staff a variety of opportunities aligned with cultural competency, equity, diversity, and inclusion standards of practice developed by the Professional Educator Standards Board.

 

Washington State Office of Equity.  This office is established within the Office of the Governor for promoting access to equitable opportunities and resources that reduce disparities, and improve outcomes statewide across state government.

 

Bias Screening Tool.  State law directs the Office of the Superintendent of Public Instruction (OSPI) to develop rules and guidelines to eliminate discrimination in textbooks and instructional materials used by students.  OSPI rule requires school districts and charter schools to adopt an instructional materials policy that includes selection criteria designed to eliminate bias based on sex; race; creed; religion; color; national origin; honorably discharged veteran or military status; sexual orientation; gender expression; gender identity; the presence of any sensory, mental, or physical disability; and the use of a trained dog guide or service animal.

Summary of Bill:

Inclusive Curricula Coordinators.  Subject to appropriations, first-class districts must designate an inclusive curricula coordinator to promote, advise, and support development and adoption of curricula that is diverse, equitable, and inclusive.  Each ESD must also designate a regional coordinator that must work with second-class districts.

 

The goal of the coordinators is to minimize students' fear and anxiety and help facilitate a sense of safety, belonging, inclusion, and engagement among students.  Coordinators have certain duties, including:

  • helping to ensure that diversity, equity, and inclusion are interwoven throughout curricula; 
  • facilitating the use of a bias screening tool to review instructional materials;
  • serving on the Instructional Materials Committee;
  • working with the regional youth advisory councils and other students;
  • coordinating with employees leading efforts on diversity, equity, or inclusion, OSPI, and the Office of Equity;
  • supporting professional development efforts; and 
  • helping to improve school and classroom culture and climate.

 

Coordinators may be a current employee with these additional duties, or a new employee with these duties.

 

Regional Youth Advisory Councils.  Subject to appropriations, each ESD must establish a Regional Youth Advisory Council for inclusive curricula and equity.  The purpose of the councils is advise and inform the work of inclusive curricula coordinators, and they must:

  • distribute an annual survey to assess the effectiveness of the coordinators; and
  • coordinate with certain student or youth councils or groups.

 

The council must consist of at least one student representative from each school district within the ESD and have students with diverse backgrounds.  Students may be selected to serve on the council by staff recommendation, application, or interview. 

 

Open Educational Resource Database.  Subject to appropriations, OSPI, in collaboration with the statewide association of educational service districts and the Washington State School Directors' Association, must create an open educational resource database for developing inclusive curricula.  OSPI must consult with the Office of Equity and other relevant agencies.

 

The database must include resources that include the histories, contributions, and perspectives of historically marginalized and underrepresented groups. 

 

The database must facilitate the free use, adaptation, and sharing of these resources among school districts and certificated staff.

Appropriation: The bill contains a section or sections to limit implementation to the availability of amounts appropriated for that specific purpose.
Fiscal Note: Available.
Creates Committee/Commission/Task Force that includes Legislative members: No.
Effective Date: Ninety days after adjournment of session in which bill is passed.
Staff Summary of Public Testimony:

PRO:  Inclusive education helps scholars from all backgrounds, cultures, and identities because it helps them connect to the instructional materials.  It is important for students to feel safe, a sense of belonging, and that they see themselves reflected in school curricula.  Inclusive curricula helps improve academic performance, attendance, graduation rates, and mental health.  This bill was developed by the Legislative Youth Advisory Council, which is student-led.  For students of color who live in predominantly white communities, it is especially important to have inclusive curricula like ethnic studies.  This bill goes beyond race and is inclusive of many identities.  Inclusive curricula is critical for student engagement and full participation in the school community.  School districts need funding for professional development and materials to support inclusive curricula.  Teaching civility, fairness, and respect for others is not new, but it is necessary.  Students lose hope if their teachers do not value their culture and identity.  By diversifying the educational system, it will allow students to learn from different perspectives, which will foster more empathy and is needed in this polarized socio-political climate.  Inclusive education is crucial to a whole-child approach and prepares students for the diverse world.  There are some implementation questions, and there could be a lack of curricula that meets the intent of the legislation.
 
CON:  Inclusive coordinators deny the common humanity among diverse people, which leads to mental health issues.  It is important for students to be involved in the legislative process, but this bill is not necessary.  OSPI is already providing resources to promote and school districts are providing inclusive curricula.  Students who are white and straight are getting shamed and villainized, and they represent a majority in this state.  Students should not be taught that they are victims, marginalized, or oppressed.  This bill would denigrate individual worth, dignity, and free will and is de-humanizing.  This bill does not define women, and women have been marginalized throughout human history.  Communism and socialism thrive on division.  This bill raises civil liberty concerns.  Teachers may be prevented from providing a range of perspectives and classroom discussions could be chilled.  This bill is promoting critical race theory in public schools.  This bill is not inclusive because it includes instruction that violates parents' religious beliefs.  This bill could create division and promote skepticism rather than unity.  School curriculum should not be politicized or elevate one particular group. 
 
OTHER:  It is important that this bill is subject to appropriations.  Staffing enrichment for school principals is needed since they are the instructional leaders. 

Persons Testifying: PRO: Senator Claire Wilson, Prime Sponsor; Director Liza Rankin, School Board Director, Seattle Public Schools; Keri Bullock, The Root of Our Youth / The Root of Us; Madeline Bishop; Brooke Brown, Washington State Board of Education; Hiro Hirano-Holcomb, Legislative Youth Advisory Council; Natasha Kalombo, Legislative Youth Advisory Council; Stacy Osoria, Legislative Youth Advisory Council; Micah Fitzgerald, Washington State Youth Advisory Council; Sherri Nagamine, Justice for Girls Coalition; Anna Hernandez-French, OSPI; Janae Larsen, n/a; Tara Ryan, Washington Ethnic Studies Now.
CON: Julie Barrett, Conservative Ladies of Washington; JoAnn Tolentino; Andy Cilley, Parent; Adrienne Ross; Jeannie Magdua, Conservative Ladies of Washington; Vince Navarre; Jennifer Heine-Withee; Karen Winter; Sam Winter; Dawn Land; Travis Hanson, Deer Park School District.
OTHER: Marissa Rathbone, Washington State School Directors' Association (WSSDA).
Persons Signed In To Testify But Not Testifying: No one.