Restrictive Real Estate Covenants.  Restrictive real estate covenants prohibiting people of certain races, religions, and ethnicities from buying or owning homes were recorded across the state until 1968, when the federal Fair Housing Act (FHA) prohibited real estate covenants that discriminate on the basis of race, color, religion, or national origin. In 1969 the Washington Law Against Discrimination also made these types of restrictive covenants void.

Special Purpose Credit Programs. The federal Equal Credit Opportunity Act and Regulation B issued by the federal Consumer Financial Protection Bureau permit creditors to extend special purpose credit through Special Purpose Credit Programs (SPCPs) to applicants who meet eligibility requirements under certain types of credit programs, including a credit assistance program expressly authorized by federal or state law for the benefit of an economically disadvantaged class of persons. This may include a specific class of persons who share one or more common characteristics such as race, national origin, or sex.

Covenant Homeownership Program Study.  In 2023 the Legislature authorized a Covenant Homeownership Program (Program) study to provide recommendations related to the creation of one or more SPCPs.  The Washington State Housing Finance Commission (Commission) must consider the evidence-based documentation, and programmatic and policy recommendations set forth in the study when creating the SPCPs.  At minimum, an authorized SPCP must:

• provide loans for down payment and closing cost assistance that can be combined with other forms of down payment and closing cost assistance;
• require a Program participant to repay loans or down payment and closing cost assistance at the time the house is sold; and
• be implemented in conjunction with the Commission's housing finance programs.

The initial Program study published in March 2024 recommended implementing an SPCP:

• for economically disadvantaged households with Black, Latino, Native American, Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian, Other Pacific Islander, Korean, or Asian Indian borrowers; and
• with down payment assistance as a zero-interest loan and customized amounts that would enable households with incomes between 80 to 100 percent of the area median income (AMI) to afford a modest-cost home in their county.

The study also made recommendations for the consideration of new state legislation to allow for different types of assistance and eligibility, including:

• expanding eligibility to impacted residents with incomes up to 140 percent of the AMI; and
• reuse of some or all of the assistance to apply to the purchase of a subsequent home, or provide alternative repayment options such as forgiving all or some portion of the assistance amount over time.

The first updated Program study is due December 31, 2028, with subsequent studies due by December 31st every five years thereafter.

Covenant Homeownership Program.  The Program is funded through a $100 document recording assessment that is deposited into a dedicated Program account. The Legislature may appropriate moneys in the Program account to the Department of Commerce (Commerce) for costs related to the Program, including administering contracts with the Commission for the Program.  On July 1, 2024, the Commission started providing down payment and closing cost assistance to Program participants under the SPCP.

To be eligible to receive down payment and closing cost assistance through the Program, an applicant must have a household income at or below 100 percent of the AMI, be a first-time home buyer, and be a Washington resident who:

• was a state resident on or before the enactment of the FHA on April 11, 1968, and was or would have been excluded from homeownership in Washington by a racially restrictive real estate covenant on or before that date; or
• is a descendant of a person who meets that criterion.

The Commission and Commerce must report to the Program Oversight Committee (Committee) on a quarterly basis.  The Commission must submit a report to the appropriate committees of the Legislature on the progress of the SPCP beginning December 31, 2025, and annually thereafter.

Covenant Homeownership Program Oversight Committee.  The Committee, staffed by the Department of Financial Institutions, oversees and reviews the Commission's activities and performance related to the Program, including the Commission's creation and administration of the SPCPs authorized under the Program.   

The Committee must consist of the following members appointed by the Governor:

• two people who meet the eligibility criteria for SPCP applicants, one from east and one from the west of the crest of the Cascade Mountains;
• one representative of an organization that operates an SPCP, counseling service, or debt relief program that serves people who were commonly subject to unlawful exclusions contained in racially restrictive real estate covenants;
• one representative of a community-based organization that specializes in the development of permanently affordable housing that serves people who were commonly subject to unlawful exclusions contained in racially restrictive real estate covenants;
• one representative of the real estate sales profession;
• one representative of the home mortgage lending profession who has a minimum of five years' lending or underwriting experience; and
• one representative of the nonprofit affordable housing development industry.

In addition to the nonlegislative members appointed by the Governor, the Committee must also consist of the following legislative members:

• two senators, one from each of the two largest caucuses, appointed by the President of the Senate; and
• two members of the House of Representatives, one from each of the two largest caucuses, appointed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives.

Special Purpose Credit Programs.  An authorized SPCP may fully forgive a loan entered into at any time after enactment of the SPCP once the loan has been outstanding for at least five years for Program participants who have a household income at or below 80 percent of the AMI for the county where the home is located.

Covenant Homeownership Program Eligibility.  The AMI threshold for Program eligibility is raised to 120 percent of the AMI for the county where the home is located, instead of 100 percent of the AMI.

Covenant Homeownership Program Oversight Committee.  The Committee membership is adjusted to include one representative of a nonprofit organization that provides housing counseling to persons who were commonly subject to unlawful exclusions contained in racially restrictive real estate covenants. This replaces the membership position for a representative of a community-based organization that specializes in the development of permanently affordable housing that serves persons who were commonly subject to these types of unlawful exclusions.