Growth Management Act. The Growth Management Act (GMA) is the comprehensive land use planning framework for counties and cities in Washington. The GMA establishes land use designation and environmental protection requirements for all Washington counties and cities. The GMA also establishes a significantly wider array of planning duties for 28 counties, and the cities within those counties, that are obligated to satisfy all planning requirements of the GMA.

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Comprehensive Plans. The GMA directs fully planning jurisdictions to adopt internally consistent comprehensive land use plans. Comprehensive plans are implemented through locally adopted development regulations, and both the plans and the local regulations are subject to review and revision requirements prescribed in the GMA. Comprehensive plans must contain certain elements, such as a land use element, a housing element, and rural element. This element covers rural development and measures to protect the rural character of an area. The rural element can also allow for limited areas of more intensive rural development (LAMIRDs).

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Limited Areas of More Intensive Rural Development. There are three types of LAMIRDs. The first type involves infill, development, or redevelopment of existing commercial, industrial, residential, or mixed-use areas. The second involves small-scale recreational or tourist uses. The third involves isolated cottage industries or small-scale businesses that do not serve the rural population but that do provide job opportunities.

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In Type I LAMIRDs, any development or redevelopment other than an industrial area or an industrial use within a mixed-use area or an industrial area must be principally designed to serve the existing and projected rural population. Any development or redevelopment in terms of building size, scale, use, or intensity may be permitted subject to confirmation from all existing providers of public facilities and public services of sufficient capacity of existing public facilities and public services to serve any new or additional demand from the new development or redevelopment.

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Urban Growth Areas. Counties that fully plan under the GMA must designate urban growth areas (UGAs), within which urban growth must be encouraged and outside of which growth may occur only if it is not urban in nature. UGAs must contain sufficient areas and densities to accommodate projected urban growth for the succeeding 20-year period. Fully planning counties must review the designated UGAs, patterns of development within the UGAs, and the densities permitted within the incorporated and unincorporated portions of each UGA during the regularly scheduled comprehensive review update cycle.

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Urban Services. In general, cities are the units of local government most appropriate to provide urban governmental services. Urban governmental services include those public services that are typically provided in cities, including storm and sewer systems, domestic water systems, public transit, public safety, and other services associated with urban areas and not associated with rural areas.? In general, it is not appropriate that urban governmental services be extended to or expanded in rural areas except in those limited circumstances shown to be necessary to protect basic public health and safety and the environment and when such services are financially supportable at rural densities and do not permit urban development.

Any development or redevelopment that may be permitted in a Type I LAMIRD subject to confirmation from all existing providers of public facilities and public services of sufficient capacity to serve new or additional demand should also meet the needs of the people in those communities, including access to domestic water, storm, and sanitary sewer systems that are feasible and affordable for the location.

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Publicly provided water, stormwater, and sanitary sewer systems may be extended beyond city and urban growth area boundaries to meet the needs of those living outside of the city when there is existing development inconsistent with rural character, if the expansion will not foster expanded unplanned urban development and the city makes findings that the extension is feasible, cost-effective within 20 years, and environmentally beneficial. To be environmentally beneficial, an action must be subject to a quantified analysis under the State Environmental Policy Act that finds that the action would mitigate current or projected environmental impacts or would provide defined benefits that help advance state, federal or state environmental policies, or policies in the city's comprehensive plan. The provision of water, sanitary sewage systems, and? stormwater control facilities may be used to protect basic public health, safety, and the environment outside of city and urban growth area boundaries.

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The GMHB may not base a finding of noncompliance on the provision of water, sewer, or stormwater facilities outside of a city's boundaries when an extension is approved after satisfying the requirements for the extension of such services, and state funding cannot be restricted or reduced for such a reason.

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A boundary review board may not review an extension of permanent water or sewer service outside of a city, town, or special purpose district's corporate boundaries when an extension is approved after satisfying the requirements for the extension.