Administrative Procedure Act.  The Administrative Procedure Act (APA) sets the process state agencies must follow when an agency takes administrative action.  Agencies offer quasi-judicial administrative hearings to hear appeals of agency actions.  The APA establishes standards for when the final decision of an administrative agency may be directly reviewed by the court of appeals. 

Environmental Boards.  Environmental boards include the Pollution Control Hearings Board (PCHB), the Shorelines Hearings Board (SHB), and the Growth Management Hearings Board (GMHB). These boards review environmental and land use decisions from agencies and local governments, including the issuance of permits, orders, and civil penalties. 

Clean Energy Projects.  Clean energy projects are defined as the following facilities together with their associated facilities:

• clean energy product manufacturing facilities;
• electrical transmission facilities;
• facilities to produce non-emitting electric generation or electric generation from renewable resources, with certain exceptions;
• storage facilities;
• facilities or projects at any facilities that exclusively or primarily process biogenic feedstocks into biofuel;
• biomass energy facilities; or
• facilities or projects at any facilities that exclusively or primarily process alternative jet fuel. 

2024 Changes to the Administrative Procedure Act for Direct Review by the Court of Appeals for Decisions Issued by the Environmental Boards Related to Clean Energy Projects.  For the appeal of a permit related to a clean energy project that is the subject of a final adjudicative decision of an environmental board, upon a motion filed by any party to the appeal, the superior court shall certify a case for transfer to the court of appeals upon a finding that:

• the agency record is sufficiently developed; or
• the court has completed any necessary supplementation of the record.

If the superior court certifies a final decision of an adjudicative proceeding, the superior court shall transfer the matter to the court of appeals as a direct appeal.

A party contesting a superior court decision granting or denying certification for direct review may file a motion for discretionary review with the court of appeals.  Where a contesting party demonstrates that substantial prejudice would result from direct review by the court of appeals, the court of appeals may remand to the superior court.  Transfer of cases by superior court certification does not require the filing of a motion for discretionary review with the court of appeals. 

These 2024 changes to the APA will expire June 30, 2026.  Effective July 1, 2026 a new change to the APA will take effect that differentiates between appeals that are related to a clean energy project and appeals that are not related to a clean energy project.

Land Use Petition Act.  With limited exceptions, the Land Use Petition Act (LUPA) is the exclusive means of judicial review of land use decisions.  The term land use decision is defined as a final determination by a county, city, or incorporated town's body or officer with the highest level of authority, including those with authority to hear appeals, to make a determination on:

• applications for a project permit or other governmental approval;
• an interpretative or declaratory decision regarding the application to a specific property of zoning, ordinances, or rules; and
• the enforcement of ordinances regulating the improvement, development, modification, maintenance, or use of real property.

The Legislature made changes to LUPA in 2021, which provides for the appellate review of a land use decision.  The superior court may transfer the judicial review of a land use decision to the court of appeals upon finding that all parties have consented to the transfer to the court of appeals and agreed that the judicial review can occur based upon an existing record.  Transfer of cases does not require filing a motion for discretionary review with the court of appeals.

The changes to LUPA in 2021 will expire June 30, 2026. 

Changes made to the APA in 2024 are retained and will not expire.  Changes to the APA set to take effect July 1, 2026 will not take effect.  Changes to LUPA in 2021 are retained and will not expire.