CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON

This Constitution was framed by a convention of seventy-five delegates, chosen by the people of the Territory of Washington at an election held May 14, 1889, under section 3 of the Enabling Act. The convention met at Olympia on the fourth day of July, 1889, and adjourned on the twenty-second day of August, 1889. The Constitution was ratified by the people at an election held on October 1, 1889, and on November 11, 1889, in accordance with section 8 of the Enabling Act, the president of the United States proclaimed the admission of the State of Washington into the Union.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

(A) Constitution of the State of Washington

(B) Constitutional Amendments (in order of adoption)

In part (A), for convenience of the reader, the latest constitutional amendments have been integrated with the currently effective original sections of the Constitution with the result that the Constitution is herein presented in its currently amended form.

All current sections, whether original sections or constitutional amendments, are carried in Article and section order and are printed in regular type.

Following each section which has been amended, the original section and intervening amendments (if any) are printed in italics.

Appended to each amendatory section is a history note stating the amendment number and date of its approval as well as the citation to the session law wherein may be found the legislative measure proposing the amendment; e.g. "[AMENDMENT 27, 1951 House Joint Resolution No. 8, p 961. Approved November 4, 1952.]"

In part (B), the constitutional amendments are also printed separately, in order of their adoption.

(A) Constitution of the State of Washington

PREAMBLE

Article I — DECLARATION OF RIGHTS

Sections
1		Political power.
2		Supreme law of the land.
3		Personal rights.
4		Right of petition and assemblage.
5		Freedom of speech.
6		Oaths — Mode of administering.
7		Invasion of private affairs or home prohibited.
8		Irrevocable privilege, franchise or immunity prohibited.
9		Rights of accused persons.
10		Administration of justice.
11		Religious freedom.
12		Special privileges and immunities prohibited.
13		Habeas corpus.
14		Excessive bail, fines and punishments.
15		Convictions, effect of.
16		Eminent domain.
17		Imprisonment for debt.
18		Military power, limitation of.
19		Freedom of elections.
20		Bail, when authorized.
21		Trial by jury.
22		Rights of the accused.
23		Bill of attainder, ex post facto law, etc.
24		Right to bear arms.
25		Prosecution by information.
26		Grand jury.
27		Treason, defined, etc.
28		Hereditary privileges abolished.
29		Constitution mandatory.
30		Rights reserved.
31		Standing army.
32		Fundamental principles.
33		Recall of elective officers.
34		Same.
35		Victims of crimes — Rights.

Article II — LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT

Sections
1		Legislative powers, where vested.
1	(a)	Initiative and referendum, signatures required.
2		House of representatives and senate.
3		The census.
4		Election of representatives and term of office.
5		Elections, when to be held.
6		Election and term of office of senators.
7		Qualifications of legislators.
8		Judges of their own election and qualification — Quorum.
9		Rules of procedure.
10		Election of officers.
11		Journal, publicity of meetings — Adjournments.
12		Sessions, when — Duration.
13		Limitation on members holding office in the state.
14		Same, federal or other office.
15		Vacancies in legislature and in partisan county elective office.
16		Privileges from arrest.
17		Freedom of debate.
18		Style of laws.
19		Bill to contain one subject.
20		Origin and amendment of bills.
21		Yeas and nays.
22		Passage of bills.
23		Compensation of members.
24		Lotteries and divorce.
25		Extra compensation prohibited.
26		Suits against the state.
27		Elections — Viva voce vote.
28		Special legislation.
29		Convict labor.
30		Bribery or corrupt solicitation.
31		Laws, when to take effect.
32		Laws, how signed.
33		Alien ownership.
34		Bureau of statistics, agriculture and immigration.
35		Protection of employees.
36		When bills must be introduced.
37		Revision or amendment.
38		Limitation on amendments.
39		Free transportation to public officer prohibited.
40		Highway funds.
41		Laws, effective date, initiative, referendum — Amendment or repeal.
42		Governmental continuity during emergency periods.
43		Redistricting.

Article III — THE EXECUTIVE

Sections
1		Executive department.
2		Governor, term of office.
3		Other executive officers, terms of office.
4		Returns of elections, canvass, etc.
5		General duties of governor.
6		Messages.
7		Extra legislative sessions.
8		Commander-in-chief.
9		Pardoning power.
10		Vacancy in office of governor.
11		Remission of fines and forfeitures.
12		Veto powers.
13		Vacancy in appointive office.
14		Salary.
15		Commissions, how issued.
16		Lieutenant governor, duties and salary.
17		Secretary of state, duties and salary.
18		Seal.
19		State treasurer, duties and salary.
20		State auditor, duties and salary.
21		Attorney general, duties and salary.
22		Superintendent of public instruction, duties and salary.
23		Commissioner of public lands — Compensation.
24		Records, where kept, etc.
25		Qualifications, compensation, offices which may be abolished.

Article IV — THE JUDICIARY

Sections
1		Judicial power, where vested.
2		Supreme court.
2	(a)	Temporary performance of judicial duties.
3		Election and terms of supreme court judges.
3	(a)	Retirement of supreme court and superior court judges.
4		Jurisdiction.
5		Superior court — Election of judges, terms of, etc.
6		Jurisdiction of superior courts.
7		Exchange of judges — Judge pro tempore.
8		Absence of judicial officer.
9		Removal of judges, attorney general, etc.
10		Justices of the peace.
11		Courts of record.
12		Inferior courts.
13		Salaries of judicial officers — How paid, etc.
14		Salaries of supreme and superior court judges.
15		Ineligibility of judges.
16		Charging juries.
17		Eligibility of judges.
18		Supreme court reporter.
19		Judges may not practice law.
20		Decisions, when to be made.
21		Publication of opinions.
22		Clerk of the supreme court.
23		Court commissioners.
24		Rules for superior courts.
25		Reports of superior court judges.
26		Clerk of the superior court.
27		Style of process.
28		Oath of judges.
29		Election of superior court judges.
30		Court of appeals.
31		Commission on judicial conduct.

Article V — IMPEACHMENT

Sections
1		Impeachment — Power of and procedure.
2		Officers liable to.
3		Removal from office.

Article VI — ELECTIONS AND ELECTIVE RIGHTS

Sections
1		Qualifications of electors.
1	A	Voter qualifications for presidential elections.
2		School elections — Franchise, how extended.
3		Who disqualified.
4		Residence, contingencies affecting.
5		Voter — When privileged from arrest.
6		Ballot.
7		Registration.
8		Elections, time of holding.

Article VII — REVENUE AND TAXATION

Sections
1		Taxation.
2		Limitation on levies.
3		Taxation of federal agencies and property.
4		No surrender of power or suspension of tax on corporate property.
5		Taxes, how levied.
6		Taxes, how paid.
7		Annual statement.
8		Tax to cover deficiencies.
9		Special assessments or taxation for local improvements.
10		Retired persons property tax exemption.
11		Taxation based on actual use.
12		Budget stabilization account.

Article VIII — STATE, COUNTY, AND

MUNICIPAL INDEBTEDNESS

Sections
1		State debt.
2		Powers extended in certain cases.
3		Special indebtedness, how authorized.
4		Moneys disbursed only by appropriations.
5		Credit not to be loaned.
6		Limitations upon municipal indebtedness.
7		Credit not to be loaned.
8		Port expenditures — Industrial development — Promotion.
9		State building authority.
10		Energy, water, or stormwater or sewer services conservation assistance.
11		Agricultural commodity assessments — Development, promotion, and hosting.

Article IX — EDUCATION

Sections
1		Preamble.
2		Public school system.
3		Funds for support.
4		Sectarian control or influence prohibited.
5		Loss of permanent fund to become state debt.

Article X — MILITIA

Sections
1		Who liable to military duty.
2		Organization — Discipline — Officers — Power to call out.
3		Soldiers' home.
4		Public arms.
5		Privilege from arrest.
6		Exemption from military duty.

Article XI — COUNTY, CITY, AND

TOWNSHIP ORGANIZATION

Sections
1		Existing counties recognized.
2		County seats — Location and removal.
3		New counties.
4		County government and township organization.
5		County government.
6		Vacancies in township, precinct or road district office.
7		Tenure of office limited to two terms.
8		Salaries and limitations affecting.
9		State taxes not to be released or commuted.
10		Incorporation of municipalities.
11		Police and sanitary regulations.
12		Assessment and collection of taxes in municipalities.
13		Private property, when may be taken for public debt.
14		Private use of public funds prohibited.
15		Deposit of public funds.
16		Combined city-county.

Article XII — CORPORATIONS

OTHER THAN MUNICIPAL

Sections
1		Corporations, how formed.
2		Existing charters.
3		Existing charters not to be extended nor forfeiture remitted.
4		Liability of stockholders.
5		Term "corporation," defined — Right to sue and be sued.
6		Limitations upon issuance of stock.
7		Foreign corporations.
8		Alienation of franchise not to release liabilities.
9		State not to loan its credit or subscribe for stock.
10		Eminent domain affecting.
11		Stockholder liability.
12		Receiving deposits by bank after insolvency.
13		Common carriers, regulation of.
14		Prohibition against combinations by carriers.
15		Prohibition against discriminating charges.
16		Prohibition against consolidating of competing lines.
17		Rolling stock, personalty for purpose of taxation.
18		Rates for transportation.
19		Telegraph and telephone companies.
20		Prohibition against free transportation for public officers.
21		Express companies.
22		Monopolies and trusts.

Article XIII — STATE INSTITUTIONS

Sections
1		Educational, reformatory, and penal institutions.

Article XIV — SEAT OF GOVERNMENT

Sections
1		State capital, location of.
2		Change of state capital.
3		Restrictions on appropriations for capitol buildings.

Article XV — HARBORS AND TIDE WATERS

Sections
1		Harbor line commission and restraint on disposition.
2		Leasing and maintenance of wharves, docks, etc.
3		Extension of streets over tide lands.

Article XVI — SCHOOL AND GRANTED LANDS

Sections
1		Disposition of.
2		Manner and terms of sale.
3		Limitations on sales.
4		How much may be offered in certain cases — Platting of.
5		Investment of permanent common school fund.
6		Investment of higher education permanent funds.

Article XVII — TIDE LANDS

Sections
1		Declaration of state ownership.
2		Disclaimer of certain lands.

Article XVIII — STATE SEAL

Sections
1		Seal of the state.

Article XIX — EXEMPTIONS

Sections
1		Exemptions — Homesteads, etc.

Article XX — PUBLIC HEALTH AND

VITAL STATISTICS

Sections
1		Board of health and bureau of vital statistics.
2		Regulations concerning medicine, surgery and pharmacy.

Article XXI — WATER AND WATER RIGHTS

Sections
1		Public use of water.

Article XXII — LEGISLATIVE APPORTIONMENT

Sections
1		Senatorial apportionment.
2		Apportionment of representatives.

Article XXIII — AMENDMENTS

Sections
1		How made.
2		Constitutional conventions.
3		Submission to the people.

Article XXIV — BOUNDARIES

Sections
1		State boundaries.

Article XXV — JURISDICTION

Sections
1		Authority of the United States.

Article XXVI — COMPACT WITH THE

UNITED STATES

Article XXVII — SCHEDULE

Sections
1		Existing rights, actions, and contracts saved.
2		Laws in force continued.
3		Debts, fines, etc., to inure to the state.
4		Recognizances.
5		Criminal prosecutions and penal actions.
6		Retention of territorial officers.
7		Constitutional officers, when elected.
8		Change of courts — Transfer of causes.
9		Seals of courts and municipalities.
10		Probate court, transfer of.
11		Duties of first legislature.
12		Election contests for superior judges, how decided.
13		Representation in congress.
14		Duration of term of certain officers.
15		Election on adoption of Constitution, how to be conducted.
16		When Constitution to take effect.
17		Separate articles.
18		Ballot.
19		Appropriation.

Article XXVIII — COMPENSATION OF

STATE OFFICERS

Sections
1		Salaries for legislators, elected state officials, and judges — Independent commission — Referendum.

Article XXIX — INVESTMENTS OF PUBLIC

PENSION AND RETIREMENT FUNDS

Sections
1		May be invested as authorized by law.

Article XXX — COMPENSATION OF

PUBLIC OFFICERS

Sections
1		Authorizing compensation increase during term.

Article XXXI — SEX EQUALITY — RIGHTS

AND RESPONSIBILITY

Sections
1		Equality not denied because of sex.
2		Enforcement power of legislature.

Article XXXII — SPECIAL REVENUE FINANCING

Sections
1		Special revenue financing.