Footnotes:

 

Caution on misusing this table. This table has been developed for specific purposes. It is intended to provide conservative cleanup levels for drinking water beneficial uses at sites undergoing routine cleanup actions or those sites with relatively few hazardous substances. This table may not be appropriate for defining cleanup levels at other sites. For these reasons, the values in this table should not automatically be used to define cleanup levels that must be met for financial, real estate, insurance coverage or placement, or similar transactions or purposes. Exceedances of the values in this table do not necessarily mean the groundwater must be restored to those levels at all sites. The level of restoration depends on the remedy selected under WAC 173-340-350 through 173-340-390.

Arsenic. Cleanup level based on background concentrations for state of Washington.

Benzene. Cleanup level based on applicable state and federal law (WAC 246-290-310 and 40 C.F.R. 141.61).

Benzo(a)pyrene. Cleanup level based on applicable state and federal law (WAC 246-290-310 and 40 C.F.R. 141.61), adjusted to a 1 x 10-5 risk. If other carcinogenic PAHs are suspected of being present at the site, test for them and use this value as the total concentration that all carcinogenic PAHs must meet using the toxicity equivalency methodology in WAC 173-340-708(8).

Cadmium. Cleanup level based on applicable state and federal law (WAC 246-290-310 and 40 C.F.R. 141.62).

Chromium (Total). Cleanup level based on concentration derived using Equation 720-1 for hexavalent chromium. This is a total value for chromium III and chromium VI. If just chromium III is present at the site, a cleanup level of 100 ug/l may be used (based on WAC 246-290-310 and 40 C.F.R. 141.62).

DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane). Cleanup levels based on concentration derived using Equation 720-2.

1,2 Dichloroethane (ethylene dichloride or EDC). Cleanup level based on applicable state and federal law (WAC 246-290-310 and 40 C.F.R. 141.61).

Ethylbenzene. Cleanup level based on applicable state and federal law (WAC 246-290-310 and 40 C.F.R. 141.61).

Ethylene dibromide (1,2 dibromoethane or EDB). Cleanup level based on concentration derived using Equation 720-2, adjusted for the practical quantitation limit.

Gross Alpha Particle Activity, excluding uranium. Cleanup level based on applicable state and federal law (WAC 246-290-310 and 40 C.F.R. 141.15).

Gross Beta Particle Activity, including gamma activity. Cleanup level based on applicable state and federal law (WAC 246-290-310 and 40 C.F.R. 141.15).

Lead. Cleanup level based on applicable state and federal law (40 C.F.R. 141.80).

Lindane. Cleanup level based on applicable state and federal law (WAC 246-290-310 and 40 C.F.R. 141.61).

Methylene chloride (dichloromethane). Cleanup level based on applicable state and federal law (WAC 246-290-310 and 40 C.F.R. 141.61).

Mercury. Cleanup level based on applicable state and federal law (WAC 246-290-310 and 40 C.F.R. 141.62).

Methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE). Cleanup level based on federal drinking water advisory level (EPA-822-F-97-009, December 1997).

Naphthalenes. Cleanup level based on concentration derived using Equation 720-1. This is a total value for naphthalene, 1-methyl naphthalene and 2-methyl naphthalene.

PCB mixtures. Cleanup level based on concentration derived using Equation 720-2, adjusted for the practical quantitation limit. This cleanup level is a total value for all PCBs.

Radium 226 and 228. Cleanup level based on applicable state and federal law (WAC 246-290-310 and 40 C.F.R. 141.15).

Radium 226. Cleanup level based on applicable state law (WAC 246-290-310).

Tetrachloroethylene. Cleanup level based on applicable state and federal law (WAC 246-290-310 and 40 C.F.R. 141.61).

Toluene. Cleanup level based on applicable state and federal law (WAC 246-290-310 and 40 C.F.R. 141.61).

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH). TPH cleanup values have been provided for the most common petroleum products encountered at contaminated sites. Where there is a mixture of products or the product composition is unknown, samples must be tested using both the NWTPH-Gx and NWTPH-Dx methods and the lowest applicable TPH cleanup level must be met.

•

Gasoline range organics means organic compounds measured using method NWTPH-Gx. Examples are aviation and automotive gasoline. The cleanup level is based on protection of groundwater for noncarcinogenic effects during drinking water use. Two cleanup levels are provided. The higher value is based on the assumption that no benzene is present in the groundwater sample. If any detectable amount of benzene is present in the groundwater sample, then the lower TPH cleanup level must be used. No interpolation between these cleanup levels is allowed. The groundwater cleanup level for any carcinogenic components of the petroleum [such as benzene, EDB and EDC] and any noncarcinogenic components [such as ethylbenzene, toluene, xylenes and MTBE], if present at the site, must also be met. See Table 830-1 for the minimum testing requirements for gasoline releases.

•

Diesel range organics means organic compounds measured using NWTPH-Dx. Examples are diesel, kerosene, and #1 and #2 heating oil. The cleanup level is based on protection from noncarcinogenic effects during drinking water use. The groundwater cleanup level for any carcinogenic components of the petroleum [such as benzene and PAHs] and any noncarcinogenic components [such as ethylbenzene, toluene, xylenes and naphthalenes], if present at the site, must also be met. See Table 830-1 for the minimum testing requirements for diesel releases.

•

Heavy oils means organic compounds measured using NWTPH-Dx. Examples are #6 fuel oil, bunker C oil, hydraulic oil and waste oil. The cleanup level is based on protection from noncarcinogenic effects during drinking water use, assuming a product composition similar to diesel fuel. The groundwater cleanup level for any carcinogenic components of the petroleum [such as benzene, PAHs and PCBs] and any noncarcinogenic components [such as ethylbenzene, toluene, xylenes and naphthalenes], if present at the site, must also be met. See Table 830-1 for the minimum testing requirements for heavy oil releases.

•

Mineral oil means non-PCB mineral oil, typically used as an insulator and coolant in electrical devices such as transformers and capacitors measured using NWTPH-Dx. The cleanup level is based on protection from noncarcinogenic effects during drinking water use. Sites using this cleanup level must analyze groundwater samples for PCBs and meet the PCB cleanup level in this table unless it can be demonstrated that: (1) The release originated from an electrical device manufactured after July 1, 1979; or (2) oil containing PCBs was never used in the equipment suspected as the source of the release; or (3) it can be documented that the oil released was recently tested and did not contain PCBs. Method B (or Method C, if applicable) must be used for releases of oils containing greater than 50 ppm PCBs. See Table 830-1 for the minimum testing requirements for mineral oil releases.

1,1,1 Trichloroethane. Cleanup level based on applicable state and federal law (WAC 246-290-310 and 40 C.F.R. 141.61).

Trichloroethylene. Cleanup level based on applicable state and federal law (WAC 246-290-310 and 40 C.F.R. 141.61).

Vinyl chloride. Cleanup level based on applicable state and federal law (WAC 246-290-310 and 40 C.F.R. 141.61), adjusted to a 1 x 10-5 risk.

Xylenes. Cleanup level based on xylene not exceeding the maximum allowed cleanup level in this table for total petroleum hydrocarbons and on prevention of adverse aesthetic characteristics. This is a total value for all xylenes.

Footnotes:

 

Caution on misusing this table. This table has been developed for specific purposes. It is intended to provide conservative cleanup levels for sites undergoing routine cleanup actions or for sites with relatively few hazardous substances, and the site qualifies under WAC 173-340-7491 for an exclusion from conducting a simplified or site-specific terrestrial ecological evaluation, or it can be demonstrated using a terrestrial ecological evaluation under WAC 173-340-7492 or 173-340-7493 that the values in this table are ecologically protective for the site. This table may not be appropriate for defining cleanup levels at other sites. For these reasons, the values in this table should not automatically be used to define cleanup levels that must be met for financial, real estate, insurance coverage or placement, or similar transactions or purposes. Exceedances of the values in this table do not necessarily mean the soil must be restored to these levels at a site. The level of restoration depends on the remedy selected under WAC 173-340-350 through 173-340-390.

Arsenic. Cleanup level based on direct contact using Equation 740-2 and protection of groundwater for drinking water use using the procedures in WAC 173-340-747(4), adjusted for natural background for soil.

Benzene. Cleanup level based on protection of groundwater for drinking water use, using the procedures in WAC 173-340-747 (4) and (6).

Benzo(a)pyrene. Cleanup level based on direct contact using Equation 740-2. If other carcinogenic PAHs are suspected of being present at the site, test for them and use this value as the total concentration that all carcinogenic PAHs must meet using the toxicity equivalency methodology in WAC 173-340-708(8).

Cadmium. Cleanup level based on protection of groundwater for drinking water use, using the procedures described in WAC 173-340-747(4), adjusted for the practical quantitation limit for soil.

Chromium VI. Cleanup level based on protection of groundwater for drinking water use, using the procedures described in WAC 173-340-747(4).

Chromium III. Cleanup level based on protection of groundwater for drinking water use, using the procedures described in WAC 173-340-747(4). Chromium VI must also be tested for and the cleanup level met when present at a site.

DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane). Cleanup level based on direct contact using Equation 740-2.

Ethylbenzene. Cleanup level based on protection of groundwater for drinking water use, using the procedures described in WAC 173-340-747(4).

Ethylene dibromide (1,2 dibromoethane or EDB). Cleanup level based on protection of groundwater for drinking water use, using the procedures described in WAC 173-340-747(4), adjusted for the practical quantitation limit for soil.

Lead. Cleanup level based on preventing unacceptable blood lead levels.

Lindane. Cleanup level based on protection of groundwater for drinking water use, using the procedures described in WAC 173-340-747(4), adjusted for the practical quantitation limit.

Methylene chloride (dichloromethane). Cleanup level based on protection of groundwater for drinking water use, using the procedures described in WAC 173-340-747(4).

Mercury. Cleanup level based on protection of groundwater for drinking water use, using the procedures described in WAC 173-340-747(4).

Methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE). Cleanup level based on protection of groundwater for drinking water use, using the procedures described in WAC 173-340-747(4).

Naphthalenes. Cleanup level based on protection of groundwater for drinking water use, using the procedures described in WAC 173-340-747(4). This is a total value for naphthalene, 1-methyl naphthalene and 2-methyl naphthalene.

PCB Mixtures. Cleanup level based on applicable federal law (40 C.F.R. 761.61). This is a total value for all PCBs.

Tetrachloroethylene. Cleanup level based on protection of groundwater for drinking water use, using the procedures described in WAC 173-340-747(4).

Toluene. Cleanup level based on protection of groundwater for drinking water use, using the procedures described in WAC 173-340-747(4).

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH). TPH cleanup values have been provided for the most common petroleum products encountered at contaminated sites. Where there is a mixture of products or the product composition is unknown, samples must be tested using both the NWTPH-Gx and NWTPH-Dx methods and the lowest applicable TPH cleanup level must be met.

•

Gasoline range organics means organic compounds measured using method NWTPH-Gx. Examples are aviation and automotive gasoline. The cleanup level is based on protection of groundwater for noncarcinogenic effects during drinking water use using the procedures described in WAC 173-340-747(6). Two cleanup levels are provided. The lower value of 30 mg/kg can be used at any site. When using this lower value, the soil must also be tested for and meet the benzene soil cleanup level. The higher value of 100 mg/kg can only be used if the soil is tested and found to contain no benzene and the total of ethylbenzene, toluene and xylene are less than 1% of the gasoline mixture. No interpolation between these cleanup levels is allowed. In both cases, the soil cleanup level for any other carcinogenic components of the petroleum [such as EDB and EDC], if present at the site, must also be met. Also, in both cases, soil cleanup levels for any noncarcinogenic components [such as toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, naphthalene, and MTBE], also must be met if these substances are found to exceed groundwater cleanup levels at the site. See Table 830-1 for the minimum testing requirements for gasoline releases.

•

Diesel range organics means organic compounds measured using method NWTPH-Dx. Examples are diesel, kerosene, and #1 and #2 heating oil. The cleanup level is based on preventing the accumulation of free product on the groundwater, as described in WAC 173-340-747(10). The soil cleanup level for any carcinogenic components of the petroleum [such as benzene and PAHs], if present at the site, must also be met. Soil cleanup levels for any noncarcinogenic components [such as toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes and naphthalenes], also must be met if these substances are found to exceed the groundwater cleanup levels at the site. See Table 830-1 for the minimum testing requirements for diesel releases.

•

Heavy oils means organic compounds measured using NWTPH-Dx. Examples are #6 fuel oil, bunker C oil, hydraulic oil and waste oil. The cleanup level is based on preventing the accumulation of free product on the groundwater, as described in WAC 173-340-747(10) and assuming a product composition similar to diesel fuel. The soil cleanup level for any carcinogenic components of the petroleum [such as benzene, PAHs and PCBs], if present at the site, must also be met. Soil cleanup levels for any noncarcinogenic components [such as toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes and naphthalenes], also must be met if found to exceed the groundwater cleanup levels at the site. See Table 830-1 for the minimum testing requirements for heavy oil releases.

•

Mineral oil means non-PCB mineral oil, typically used as an insulator and coolant in electrical devices such as transformers and capacitors, measured using NWTPH-Dx. The cleanup level is based on preventing the accumulation of free product on the groundwater, as described in WAC 173-340-747(10). Sites using this cleanup level must also analyze soil samples and meet the soil cleanup level for PCBs, unless it can be demonstrated that: (1) The release originated from an electrical device that was manufactured after July 1, 1979; or (2) oil containing PCBs was never used in the equipment suspected as the source of the release; or (3) it can be documented that the oil released was recently tested and did not contain PCBs. Method B must be used for releases of oils containing greater than 50 ppm PCBs. See Table 830-1 for the minimum testing requirements for mineral oil releases.

1,1,1 Trichloroethane. Cleanup level based on protection of groundwater for drinking water use, using the procedures described in WAC 173-340-747(4).

Trichloroethylene. Cleanup level based on protection of groundwater for drinking water use, using the procedures described in WAC 173-340-747(4).

Xylenes. Cleanup level based on protection of groundwater for drinking water use, using the procedures described in WAC 173-340-747(4). This is a total value for all xylenes.

Footnotes:

 

Caution on misusing this table. This table has been developed for specific purposes. It is intended to provide conservative cleanup levels for sites undergoing routine cleanup actions or for industrial properties with relatively few hazardous substances, and the site qualifies under WAC 173-340-7491 for an exclusion from conducting a simplified or site-specific terrestrial ecological evaluation, or it can be demonstrated using a terrestrial ecological evaluation under WAC 173-340-7492 or 173-340-7493 that the values in this table are ecologically protective for the site. This table may not be appropriate for defining cleanup levels at other sites. For these reasons, the values in this table should not automatically be used to define cleanup levels that must be met for financial, real estate, insurance coverage or placement, or similar transactions or purposes. Exceedances of the values in this table do not necessarily mean the soil must be restored to these levels at a site. The level of restoration depends on the remedy selected under WAC 173-340-350 through 173-340-390.

Arsenic. Cleanup level based on protection of groundwater for drinking water use, using the procedures in WAC 173-340-747(4), adjusted for natural background for soil.

Benzene. Cleanup level based on protection of groundwater for drinking water use, using the procedures described in WAC 173-340-747 (4) and (6).

Benzo(a)pyrene. Cleanup level based on protection of groundwater for drinking water use, using the procedures described in WAC 173-340-747(4). If other carcinogenic PAHs are suspected of being present at the site, test for them and use this value as the total concentration that all carcinogenic PAHs must meet using the toxicity equivalency methodology in WAC 173-340-708(8).

Cadmium. Cleanup level based on protection of groundwater for drinking water use, using the procedures described in WAC 173-340-747(4), adjusted for the practical quantitation limit for soil.

Chromium VI. Cleanup level based on protection of groundwater for drinking water use, using the procedures described in WAC 173-340-747(4).

Chromium III. Cleanup level based on protection of groundwater for drinking water use, using the procedures described in WAC 173-340-747(4). Chromium VI must also be tested for and the cleanup level met when present at a site.

DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane). Cleanup level based on protection of groundwater for drinking water use, using the procedures described in WAC 173-340-747(4).

Ethylbenzene. Cleanup level based on protection of groundwater for drinking water use, using the procedures described in WAC 173-340-747(4).

Ethylene dibromide (1,2 dibromoethane or EDB). Cleanup level based on protection of groundwater for drinking water use, using the procedures described in WAC 173-340-747(4), adjusted for the practical quantitation limit for soil.

Lead. Cleanup level based on direct contact.

Lindane. Cleanup level based on protection of groundwater for drinking water use, using the procedures described in WAC 173-340-747(4), adjusted for the practical quantitation limit.

Methylene chloride (dichloromethane). Cleanup level based on protection of groundwater for drinking water use, using the procedures described in WAC 173-340-747(4).

Mercury. Cleanup level based on protection of groundwater for drinking water use, using the procedures described in WAC 173-340-747(4).

Methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE). Cleanup level based on protection of groundwater for drinking water use, using the procedures described in WAC 173-340-747(4).

Naphthalenes. Cleanup level based on protection of groundwater for drinking water use, using the procedures described in WAC 173-340-747(4). This is a total value for naphthalene, 1-methyl naphthalene and 2-methyl naphthalene.

PCB Mixtures. Cleanup level based on applicable federal law (40 C.F.R. 761.61). This is a total value for all PCBs. This value may be used only if the PCB contaminated soils are capped and the cap maintained as required by 40 C.F.R. 761.61. If this condition cannot be met, the value in Table 740-1 must be used.

Tetrachloroethylene. Cleanup level based on protection of groundwater for drinking water use, using the procedures described in WAC 173-340-747(4).

Toluene. Cleanup level based on protection of groundwater for drinking water use, using the procedure described in WAC 173-340-747(4).

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH). TPH cleanup values have been provided for the most common petroleum products encountered at contaminated sites. Where there is a mixture of products or the product composition is unknown, samples must be tested using both the NWTPH-Gx and NWTPH-Dx methods and the lowest applicable TPH cleanup level must be met.

•

Gasoline range organics means organic compounds measured using method NWTPH-Gx. Examples are aviation and automotive gasoline. The cleanup level is based on protection of groundwater for noncarcinogenic effects during drinking water use using the procedures described in WAC 173-340-747(6). Two cleanup levels are provided. The lower value of 30 mg/kg can be used at any site. When using this lower value, the soil must also be tested for and meet the benzene soil cleanup level. The higher value of 100 mg/kg can only be used if the soil is tested and found to contain no benzene and the total of ethylbenzene, toluene and xylene are less than 1% of the gasoline mixture. No interpolation between these cleanup levels is allowed. In both cases, the soil cleanup level for any other carcinogenic components of the petroleum [such as EDB and EDC], if present at the site, must also be met. Also, in both cases, soil cleanup levels for any noncarcinogenic components [such as toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, naphthalene, and MTBE], also must be met if these substances are found to exceed groundwater cleanup levels at the site. See Table 830-1 for the minimum testing requirements for gasoline releases.

•

Diesel range organics means organic compounds measured using method NWTPH-Dx. Examples are diesel, kerosene, and #1 and #2 heating oil. The cleanup level is based on preventing the accumulation of free product on the groundwater, as described in WAC 173-340-747(10). The soil cleanup level for any carcinogenic components of the petroleum [such as benzene, and PAHs], if present at the site, must also be met. Soil cleanup levels for any noncarcinogenic components [such as toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes and naphthalenes], also must be met if these substances are found to exceed the groundwater cleanup levels at the site. See Table 830-1 for the minimum testing requirements for diesel releases.

•

Heavy oils means organic compounds measured using NWTPH-Dx. Examples are #6 fuel oil, bunker C oil, hydraulic oil and waste oil. The cleanup level is based on preventing the accumulation of free product on the groundwater, as described in WAC 173-340-747(10) and assuming a product composition similar to diesel fuel. The soil cleanup level for any carcinogenic components of the petroleum [such as benzene, PAHs and PCBs], if present at the site, must also be met. Soil cleanup levels for any noncarcinogenic components [such as toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes and naphthalenes], also must be met if found to exceed the groundwater cleanup levels at the site. See Table 830-1 for the minimum testing requirements for heavy oil releases.

•

Mineral oil means non-PCB mineral oil, typically used as an insulator and coolant in electrical devices such as transformers and capacitors, measured using NWTPH-Dx. The cleanup level is based on preventing the accumulation of free product on the groundwater, as described in WAC 173-340-747(10). Sites using this cleanup level must also analyze soil samples and meet the soil cleanup level for PCBs, unless it can be demonstrated that: (1) The release originated from an electrical device that was manufactured after July 1, 1979; or (2) oil containing PCBs was never used in the equipment suspected as the source of the release; or (3) it can be documented that the oil released was recently tested and did not contain PCBs. Method B or C must be used for releases of oils containing greater than 50 ppm PCBs. See Table 830-1 for the minimum testing requirements for mineral oil releases.

1,1,1 Trichloroethane. Cleanup level based on protection of groundwater for drinking water use, using the procedures described in WAC 173-340-747(4).

Trichloroethylene. Cleanup level based on protection of groundwater for drinking water use, using the procedures described in WAC 173-340-747(4).

Xylenes. Cleanup level based on protection of groundwater for drinking water use, using the procedure in WAC 173-340-747(4). This is a total value for all xylenes.

Except as noted below, the source of the Koc values is the 1996 EPA Soil Screening Guidance: Technical Background Document. The values obtained from this document represent the geometric mean of a survey of values published in the scientific literature. Sample populations ranged from 1-65. EDB value from ATSDR Toxicological Profile (TP 91/13). MTBE value from USGS Final Draft Report on Fuel Oxygenates (March 1996). PCB-Arochlor values from 1994 EPA Draft Soil Screening Guidance.

1996 EPA Soil Screening Guidance: Technical Background Document. The predicted Koc values in this table were derived using a relationship from thermodynamic equilibrium considerations to predict the total sorption of an ionizable organic compound from the partitioning of its ionized and neutral forms.

Multiple sources compiled by the department of ecology.

The residual saturation screening levels for petroleum hydrocarbons specified in Table 747-5 are based on coarse sand and gravelly soils; however, they may be used for any soil type. Screening levels are based on the presumption that there are no preferential pathways for NAPL to flow downward to groundwater. If such pathways exist, more stringent residual saturation screening levels may need to be established.

 

It is expected that this habitat evaluation will be undertaken by an experienced field biologist. If this is not the case, enter a conservative score (1) for questions 3 and 4.

Habitat rating system. Rate the quality of the habitat as high, intermediate or low based on your professional judgment as a field biologist. The following are suggested factors to consider in making this evaluation:

 

Low: Early successional vegetative stands; vegetation predominantly noxious, nonnative, exotic plant species or weeds. Areas severely disturbed by human activity, including intensively cultivated croplands. Areas isolated from other habitat used by wildlife.

 

High: Area is ecologically significant for one or more of the following reasons: Late-successional native plant communities present; relatively high species diversity; used by an uncommon or rare species; priority habitat (as defined by the Washington department of fish and wildlife); part of a larger area of habitat where size or fragmentation may be important for the retention of some species.

 

Intermediate: Area does not rate as either high or low.

Indicate "yes" if the area attracts wildlife or is likely to do so. Examples: Birds frequently visit the area to feed; evidence of high use by mammals (tracks, scat, etc.); habitat "island" in an industrial area; unusual features of an area that make it important for feeding animals; heavy use during seasonal migrations.

 

Caution on misusing these chemical concentration numbers. These values have been developed for use at sites where a site-specific terrestrial ecological evaluation is not required. They are not intended to be protective of terrestrial ecological receptors at every site. Exceedances of the values in this table do not necessarily trigger requirements for cleanup action under this chapter. The table is not intended for purposes such as evaluating sludges or wastes.

 

This list does not imply that sampling must be conducted for each of these chemicals at every site. Sampling should be conducted for those chemicals that might be present based on available information, such as current and past uses of chemicals at the site.

Applies to any site that does not meet the definition of industrial or commercial.

For arsenic, use the valence state most likely to be appropriate for site conditions, unless laboratory information is available. Where soil conditions alternate between saturated, anaerobic and unsaturated, aerobic states, resulting in the alternating presence of arsenic III and arsenic V, the arsenic III concentrations shall apply.

Safe concentration has not yet been established. See WAC 173-340-7492 (2)(c).

 

Caution on misusing ecological indicator concentrations. Exceedances of the values in this table do not necessarily trigger requirements for cleanup action under this chapter. Natural background concentrations may be substituted for ecological indicator concentrations provided in this table. The table is not intended for purposes such as evaluating sludges or wastes.

 

This list does not imply that sampling must be conducted for each of these chemicals at every site. Sampling should be conducted for those chemicals that might be present based on available information, such as current and past uses of chemicals at the site.

For hazardous substances where a value is not provided, plant and soil biota indicator concentrations shall be based on a literature survey conducted in accordance with WAC 173-340-7493(4) and calculated using methods described in the publications listed below in footnotes c and d. Methods to be used for developing wildlife indicator concentrations are described in Tables 749-4 and 749-5.

Based on benchmarks published in Toxicological Benchmarks for Screening Potential Contaminants of Concern for Effects on Terrestrial Plants: 1997 Revision, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1997.

Based on benchmarks published in Toxicological Benchmarks for Potential Contaminants of Concern for Effects on Soil and Litter Invertebrates and Heterotrophic Process, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1997.

Calculated using the exposure model provided in Table 749-4 and chemical-specific values provided in Table 749-5. Where both avian and mammalian values are available, the wildlife value is the lower of the two.

For arsenic, use the valence state most likely to be appropriate for site conditions, unless laboratory information is available. Where soil conditions alternate between saturated, anaerobic and unsaturated, aerobic states, resulting in the alternating presence of arsenic III and arsenic V, the arsenic III concentrations shall apply.

Benchmark replaced by Washington state natural background concentration.

 

(1)

The following petroleum products are common examples of GRO: automotive and aviation gasolines, mineral spirits, stoddard solvents, and naphtha. To be in this range, 90 percent of the petroleum components need to be quantifiable using the NWTPH-Gx; if NWTPH-HCID results are used for this determination, then 90 percent of the "area under the TPH curve” must be quantifiable using NWTPH-Gx. Products such as jet fuel, diesel No. 1, kerosene, and heating oil may require analysis as both GRO and DRO depending on the range of petroleum components present (range can be measured by NWTPH-HCID). (See footnote 17 on analytical methods.)

(2)

The following petroleum products are common examples of DRO: Diesel No. 2, fuel oil No. 2, light oil (including some bunker oils). To be in this range, 90 percent of the petroleum components need to be quantifiable using the NWTPH-Dx quantified against a diesel standard. Products such as jet fuel, diesel No. 1, kerosene, and heating oil may require analysis as both GRO and DRO depending on the range of petroleum components present as measured in NWTPH-HCID.

(3)

The following petroleum products are common examples of the heavy oil group: Motor oils, lube oils, hydraulic fluids, etc. Heavier oils may require the addition of an appropriate oil range standard for quantification.

(4)

Mineral oil means non-PCB mineral oil, typically used as an insulator and coolant in electrical devices such as transformers and capacitors.

(5)

The waste oil category applies to waste oil, oily wastes, and unknown petroleum products and mixtures of petroleum and nonpetroleum substances. Analysis of other chemical components (such as solvents) than those listed may be required based on site-specific information. Mixtures of identifiable petroleum products (such as gasoline and diesel, or diesel and motor oil) may be analyzed based on the presence of the individual products, and need not be treated as waste and unknown oils.

(6)

When using Method A, testing soil for benzene is required. Furthermore, testing groundwater for BTEX is necessary when a petroleum release to groundwater is known or suspected. If the groundwater is tested and toluene, ethyl benzene or xylene is in the groundwater above its respective Method A cleanup level, the soil must also be tested for that chemical. When using Method B or C, testing the soil for BTEX is required and testing for BTEX in groundwater is required when a release to groundwater is known or suspected.

(7)(a)

For DRO releases from other than home heating oil systems, follow the instructions for GRO releases in Footnote (6).

(b)

For DRO releases from typical home heating oil systems (systems of 1,100 gallons or less storing heating oil for residential consumptive use on the premises where stored), testing for BTEX is not usually required for either groundwater or soil. Testing of the groundwater is also not usually required for these systems; however, if the groundwater is tested and benzene is found in the groundwater, the soil must be tested for benzene.

(8)

Testing is required in a sufficient number of samples to determine whether this chemical is present at concentrations of concern. If the chemical is found to be at levels below the applicable cleanup level, then no further analysis is required.

(9)

Testing for n-hexane is required when VPH analysis is performed for Method B or C. In this case, the concentration of n-hexane should be deleted from its respective fraction to avoid double-counting its concentration. n-Hexane's contribution to overall toxicity is then evaluated using its own reference dose.

(10)

Volatile fuel additives (such as dibromoethane, 1 - 2 (EDB) (CAS# 106-93-4) and dichloroethane, 1 - 2 (EDC) (CAS# 107-06-2)) must be part of a volatile organics analysis (VOA) of GRO contaminated groundwater. If any is found in groundwater, then the contaminated soil must also be tested for these chemicals.

(11)

Methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) (CAS# 1634-04-4) must be analyzed in GRO contaminated groundwater. If any is found in groundwater, then the contaminated soil must also be tested for MTBE.

(12)(a)

For automotive gasoline where the release occurred prior to 1996 (when "leaded gasoline" was used), testing for lead is required unless it can be demonstrated that lead was not part of the release. If this demonstration cannot be made, testing is required in a sufficient number of samples to determine whether lead is present at concentrations of concern. Other additives and blending compounds of potential environmental significance may need to be considered for testing, including: tertiary-butyl alcohol (TBA); tertiary-amyl methyl ether (TAME); ethyl tertiary-butyl ether (ETBE); ethanol; and methanol. Contact the department for additional testing recommendations regarding these and other additives and blending compounds.

(b)

For aviation gasoline, racing fuels and similar products, testing is required for likely fuel additives (especially lead) and likely blending compounds, no matter when the release occurred.

(13)

Testing for carcinogenic PAHs is required for DRO and heavy oils, except for the following products for which adequate information exists to indicate their absence: Diesel No. 1 and 2, home heating oil, kerosene, jet fuels, and electrical insulating mineral oils. The carcinogenic PAHs include benzo(a)pyrene, chrysene, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene, indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(a)anthracene, and benzo(b)fluoranthene.

(14)(a)

Except as noted in (b) and (c), testing for the noncarcinogenic PAHs, including the "naphthalenes" (naphthalene, 1-methyl-naphthalene, and 2-methyl-naphthalene) is not required when using Method A cleanup levels, because they are included in the TPH cleanup level.

(b)

Testing of soil for naphthalenes is required under Methods B and C when the inhalation exposure pathway is evaluated.

(c)

If naphthalenes are found in groundwater, then the soil must also be tested for naphthalenes.

(15)

Testing for PCBs is required unless it can be demonstrated that: (1) The release originated from an electrical device manufactured for use in the United States after July 1, 1979; (2) oil containing PCBs was never used in the equipment suspected as the source of the release (examples of equipment where PCBs are likely to be found include transformers, electric motors, hydraulic systems, heat transfer systems, electromagnets, compressors, capacitors, switches and miscellaneous other electrical devices); or, (3) the oil released was recently tested and did not contain PCBs.

(16)

Testing for other possible chemical contaminants may be required based on site-specific information.

(17)

The analytical methods NWTPH-Gx, NWTPH-Dx, NWTPH-HCID, VPH, and EPH are methods published by the department of ecology and available on the department's internet website: http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/tcp/cleanup.html.