R403.5 Service hot water systems. Energy conservation measures for service hot water systems shall be in accordance with Sections R403.5.1 through R403.5.5. Service water-heating equipment shall meet the requirements of DOE 10 C.F.R. Part 430 Uniform Energy Factor or the equipment shall meet the requirements of Section C404.2.

R403.5.1 Heated water circulation and temperature maintenance system. Heated water circulation systems shall be in accordance with Section R403.5.1.1. Heat trace temperature maintenance systems shall be in accordance with Section R403.5.1.2. Automatic controls, temperature sensors and pumps shall be accessible. Manual controls shall be readily accessible.

R403.5.1.1 Circulation systems. Heated water circulation systems shall be provided with a circulation pump. The system return pipe shall be a dedicated return pipe or a cold water supply pipe. Gravity and thermo-syphon circulation systems shall be prohibited. Controls for circulating hot water system pumps shall start the pump based on the identification of a demand for hot water within the occupancy. The controls shall automatically turn off the pump when the water in the circulation loop is at the desired temperature and when there is no demand for hot water.

R403.5.1.2 Heat trace systems. Electric heat trace systems shall comply with IEEE 515.1 or UL 515. Controls for such systems shall automatically adjust the energy input to the heat tracing to maintain the desired water temperature in the piping in accordance with the times when heated water is used in the occupancy.

R403.5.2 Demand recirculation water systems.Demand recirculation water systems shall have controls that comply with both of the following:

1. The controls shall start the pump upon receiving a signal from the action of a user of a fixture or appliance, sensing the presence of a user of a fixture or sensing the flow of hot or tempered water to a fixture fitting or appliance.

2. The controls shall limit the temperature of the water entering the cold water piping to not greater than 104ºF (40ºC).

R403.5.3 Hot water pipe insulation. Insulation for hot water pipe, both within and outside the conditioned space, shall have a minimum thermal resistance (R-value) of R-3.

EXCEPTION:

Pipe insulation is permitted to be discontinuous where it passes through studs, joists or other structural members and where the insulated pipes pass other piping, conduit or vents, provided the insulation is installed tight to each obstruction.

R403.5.4 Drain water heat recovery units. Drain water heat recovery units shall comply with CSA 55.2 or IAPMO PS 92. Drain water heat recovery units shall be in accordance with CSA 55.1 or IAPMO IGC 346-2017.

R403.5.5 Electric water heater insulation. All electric water heaters in unconditioned spaces, or on concrete floors in conditioned spaces, shall be placed on an insulated surface with a minimum thermal resistance of R-10, and a minimum compressive strength of 40 psi or engineered to support the appliance.

R403.5 Service hot water systems. Energy conservation measures for service hot water systems shall be in accordance with this section. Service water-heating equipment shall meet the requirements of DOE 10 C.F.R. Part 430 Uniform Energy Factor or the equipment shall meet the requirements of Section C404.2.

R403.5.1 Heated water circulation and temperature maintenance systems. Heated water circulation systems shall be in accordance with Section R403.5.1.1. Heat trace temperature maintenance systems shall be in accordance with Section R403.5.1.2. Automatic controls, temperature sensors and pumps shall be in a location with access. Manual controls shall be in a location with ready access.

R403.5.1.1 Circulation systems. Heated water circulation systems shall be provided with a circulation pump. The system return pipe shall be a dedicated return pipe. Gravity and thermo-syphon circulation systems are prohibited. Controls automatically turn off the circulation pump when the water in the circulation loop is at the desired temperature and when there is no demand for hot water.

R403.5.1.1.1 Demand recirculation water systems serving an individual dwelling unit.Demand recirculation water systems shall have controls that start the pump upon receiving a signal from the action of a user of a fixture or appliance, sensing the presence of a user of a fixture or sensing the flow of hot or tempered water to a fixture fitting or appliance.

R403.5.2

Water volume determination. The volume shall be the sum of the internal volumes of pipe, fittings, valves, meters, and manifolds between the nearest source of heated water and the termination of the fixture supply pipe. Water heaters, circulating water systems, and heat trace temperature maintenance systems shall be considered to be sources of heated water. The volume in the piping shall be determined from Table C404.3.1 in the Washington State Energy Code, Commercial Provisions or Table L502.7 of the Uniform Plumbing Code. The volume contained within fixture shutoff valves, within flexible water supply connectors to a fixture fitting and within a fixture fitting shall not be included in the water volume determination. Where heated water is supplied by a recirculating system or heat-traced piping, the volume shall include the portion of the fitting on the branch pipe that supplies water to the fixture.

R403.5.3 Hot water pipe insulation. Insulation for service hot water pipe, both within and outside the conditioned space, shall have a minimum thermal resistance (R-value) of R-3.

EXCEPTION:

R403.5.5 Water heater installation location. Service hot water systems shall be installed within the building thermal envelope.

EXCEPTION:

Where the hot water system efficiency is greater than or equal to 2.0 UEF.

R403.5.6 Electric water heater insulation. All electric water heaters in unconditioned spaces, or on concrete floors in conditioned spaces, shall be placed on an insulated surface with a minimum thermal resistance of R-10, and a minimum compressive strength of 40 psi or engineered to support the appliance.

R403.5.7 Heat pump water heating. Service hot water in one- and two-family dwellings and multiple single-family dwellings (townhouses) shall be provided by a heat pump system. The heat pump water heating system shall be sized to provide 100 percent of peak hot water demand. Where the heat pump is located in unconditioned space, the heat pump water heating system shall be sized to provide 100 percent of peak hot water demand at an entering source dry bulb (or wet bulb if rated for wet bulb temperatures) air temperature of 40°F (4°C).

EXCEPTIONS:	1. Resistance heating elements integrated into heat pump equipment.
	2. Electric water heaters with a rated water storage volume of no greater than 20 gallons.
	3. Dwelling units with no more than 1,000 square feet of conditioned floor area.
	4. Supplementary water heating systems in accordance with Section R403.5.7.1, provided the system capacity does not exceed the capacity of the heat pump water heating system.
	5. Solar water heating systems.
	6. Waste heat and energy recovery systems.
	7. Heat trace freeze protection systems.
	8. Snow and ice melt systems.

R403.5.7.1 Supplementary heat for heat pump water heating systems. Heat pumps used for water heating and having supplementary water heating equipment shall have controls that limit supplementary water heating equipment operation to only those times when one of the following applies:

1. The heat pump water heater cannot meet hot water demand.

2. For heat pumps located in unconditioned space, the outside air temperature is below 40°F (4°C).

3. The heat pump is operating in defrost mode.

4. The vapor compression cycle malfunctions or loses power.

EXCEPTION:

Heat trace temperature maintenance systems, provided the system capacity does not exceed the capacity of the heat pump water heating system.

PDFWAC 51-11R-40340

Section R403.5—Service hot water systems.

PDFWAC 51-11R-40340

Section R403.5—Service hot water systems.