Date of Adoption: April 4, 2003.

     Purpose: Chapter 296-807 WAC, Portable power tools. The portable power tools rule has been rewritten and reorganized for clarity and ease of use for the employers and employees. Hand and portable powered tools and other hand-held equipment rules, in chapter 296-24 WAC, Part H-1. Part H-1 will be repealed concurrent with the adoption of chapter 296-807 WAC.

     Citation of Existing Rules Affected by this Order: Repealing WAC 296-24-650 Hand and portable powered tools and equipment -- General, 296-24-65003 Compressed air used for cleaning, 296-24-65005 Compressed air tools, 296-24-65007 Air hammer, 296-24-655 Guarding of portable powered tools, 296-24-65501 Portable powered tools, 296-24-657 Pneumatic powered tools and hose, 296-24-65701 Portable tools, 296-24-65703 Airhose, 296-24-660 Portable abrasive wheels, 296-24-66001 Abrasive wheel terms, 296-24-66003 General requirements, 296-24-66005 Cup wheels, 296-24-66007 Vertical portable grinders, 296-24-66009 Other portable grinders, 296-24-66011 Mounting and inspection of abrasive wheels, 296-24-663 Safety requirements for powder actuated fastening systems, 296-24-66301 Scope, 296-24-66303 Purpose, 296-24-66305 Definitions applicable to this section, 296-24-66307 Requirements, 296-24-66309 Power load, 296-24-66311 Fasteners, 296-24-66313 Operation, 296-24-66315 Limitation of use, 296-24-66317 Maintenance and storage, 296-24-66319 Authorized instructor, 296-24-66321 Qualified operator, 296-24-665 Power lawnmowers, 296-24-66501 Terms, 296-24-66503 General requirements, 296-24-66505 Walk-behind and riding rotary mowers, 296-24-66507 Walk-behind rotary mowers, 296-24-66509 Riding rotary mowers, 296-24-670 Jacks, 296-24-67001 Jack terms, 296-24-67003 Loading and marking, and 296-24-67005 Operation and maintenance.

     Statutory Authority for Adoption: RCW 49.17.010, [49.17].040, [49.17].050, and [49.17].060.

      Adopted under notice filed as WSR 02-24-056 on December 3, 2003.

     Changes Other than Editing from Proposed to Adopted Version: AMENDED SECTION: WAC 296-807-16005 Make sure equipment meets minimum design and construction requirements.

     Comment: The provisions of the new rules should apply to power lawnmowers manufactured on or after the effective date of the rule (August 1, 2003), not just the effective date.

     Department response: Agree. The wording was revised to show that the rules apply to power lawnmowers manufactured on or after the effective date of the rule (August 1, 2003). Additionally, the date August 1, 2003, was inserted to assist users in determining if this rule applies.

AMENDED SECTION: WAC 296-807-16035 Use ride-on mowers safely.

     Comment: The limitations specified in WAC 296-807-16035(3) (Mow up or down a slope if the slope is greater than fifteen degrees) should be deleted. Some manufacturer's operating instructions allow operation on slopes greater than fifteen degrees and there are some conditions where longitudinal mowing of a slope may be unsafe and/or impractical. WAC 296-807-16015 requires the employer to make sure the operator understands and follows instructions before starting the mower and WAC 296-807-16020 requires that the manufacturer's instructions for safe use of the equipment be followed. These requirements cause WAC 296-807-16035(3) to not be needed.

     Department response: Agree. WAC 296-807-16035(3) has been deleted.

AMENDED SECTION: WAC 296-807-18055, Make sure flanges are in good working condition.

     Comment: It is not clear in reading the second bulleted item (Replace or remachine any flange with a mounting surface that is:...) if any or all of the conditions stated would require the flange to be replaced or remachined.

     Department response: The second bulleted item of WAC 296-807-18055 has been revised to eliminate confusion. The item now reads: "Replace or remachine any flange with a mounting surface that has any of the following problems:"

     Number of Sections Adopted in Order to Comply with Federal Statute: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0; Federal Rules or Standards: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0; or Recently Enacted State Statutes: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0.

     Number of Sections Adopted at Request of a Nongovernmental Entity: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0.

     Number of Sections Adopted on the Agency's Own Initiative: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0.

     Number of Sections Adopted in Order to Clarify, Streamline, or Reform Agency Procedures: New 59, Amended 0, Repealed 38.

     Number of Sections Adopted Using Negotiated Rule Making: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0;      Pilot Rule Making: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0; or Other Alternative Rule Making: New 59, Amended 0, Repealed 38.
     Effective Date of Rule: August 1, 2003.

April 4, 2003

Paul Trause

Director

OTS-5992.3

Table 1

Scope of this Chapter

Section:	Applies to:
110 Switches (controls)	Hand-held portable power tools.
120 Portable circular saws	Hand-held portable circular saws.
130 Portable belt sanding machines	Hand-held portable belt sanding machines.
140 Compressed air tools, hose, and pipe	Hand-held portable compressed air powered tools. It also applies to airhose and plastic pipe used to supply compressed air to these tools.
150 Powder actuating fastening systems	Powder actuated fastening systems designed to use the expanding gases from a powder load to propel a stud, pin, fastener, or other object into hard structural material.
160 Power lawnmowers	Consumer and commercial power lawnmowers.
170 Jacks	Portable hand- or power-operated:      • Hydraulic jacks      • Mechanical ratchet jacks      • Mechanical screw jacks.
180 Portable tools using abrasive wheels	Portable tools using abrasive wheels.

[]

     Your responsibility:

     Make sure hand-held portable power tools have safe switches (controls).

     Exemption:

     WAC 296-807-110 does not apply to:

     • Concrete vibrators

     • Concrete breakers

     • Powered tampers

     • Jack hammers

     • Rock drills

     • Garden appliances

     • Household and kitchen appliances

     • Personal care appliances

     • Medical or dental equipment

     • Fixed machinery.

[]

     You must:

     (1) Make sure the operating switch is located in a position that makes it difficult to accidentally operate the tool.

     (2) Use the correct operating switch.

     • Make sure hand-held gasoline-powered chain saws have a constant pressure throttle control that will shut off power to the chain when the pressure is released.

     • Use a constant pressure switch that will shut off the power when the switch is released to turn on or operate any hand-held power tool.

     Exemptions:

     • Some tools can use a lock-on feature with the constant pressure switch if the lock-on feature can be turned off with a single motion of the same finger(s) that turned it on. You can use a lock-on feature with these hand-held tools:

     – Drills

     – Tappers

     – Fastener drivers

     – Grinders using a wheel greater than two inches in diameter

     – Disc sanders

     – Belt sanders

     – Reciprocating saws

     – Saber, scroll and jig saws using a blade with a shank width greater than one-quarter inch

     – Other similarly operating powered tools.

     • You can use a positive "on-off" switch with these hand-held tools:

     – Platen sanders

     – Grinders using a wheel two inches or less in diameter

     – Routers

     – Planers

     – Laminate trimmers

     – Nibblers

     – Shears

     – Saber, scroll and jig saws using a blade with a shank width of one-quarter inch (± .05 inch) or less.

Note:

The shank width of saber, scroll and jig saw blades is measured at the narrowest point on the blade shank.

[]

     Your responsibility:

     Make sure portable circular saws are safe.

[]

     You must:

     (1) Use a constant pressure switch to turn on or operate any circular saw using a blade that has a diameter greater than two inches.

     (2) Remove cracked saws and saw blades from service.

     (3) Make sure power driven circular saws that have a blade diameter larger than two inches have guards above and below the base plate (shoe) as listed in Table 2, Portable circular saw guarding requirements.

Table 2

Portable Circular Saw Guarding Requirements

Upper Guard	Lower Guard
Covers the blade to the depth of the teeth, except for the minimum arc necessary to allow the base to tilt for bevel cuts.	Covers the blade to the depth of the teeth, except for the minimum arc necessary to allow proper:      • Retraction of the guard      • Contact with the work. Automatically and instantly returns to the position covering the blade when the saw is withdrawn from contact with the work.

Exemption:

Guarding requirements in subsection (3) of this section do not apply to saws used in the meat cutting industry to cut meat.

[]

     Your responsibility:

     Make sure portable belt sanding machines are safe.

[]

     • Guard:

     – Nip points where the sanding belt runs onto a pulley

     – The unused run of the sanding belt.

[]

     This section applies to portable, hand-held compressed air powered tools. It also applies to airhose and plastic pipe used to supply compressed air to these tools.

     Your responsibility:

     Make sure compressed air and compressed air tools are used safely.

     You must:

     GENERAL TOOL REQUIREMENTS

     Follow the manufacturer's instructions

     WAC 296-807-14005

     Prevent air tools from ejecting attachments

     WAC 296-807-14010

     CONTACT WITH COMPRESSED AIR

     Protect employees from contact with compressed air

     WAC 296-807-14015

     CLEANING

     Make sure safeguards are used when cleaning with compressed air

     WAC 296-807-14020

     AIRHOSE AND PLASTIC PIPE

     Make sure airhose and plastic pipe supplying compressed air to portable air tools are safe

     WAC 296-807-14025

     TOOL DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

     Make sure air tools are adequately designed and constructed

     WAC 296-807-14030

     TOOL USE

     Use air tools safely

     WAC 296-807-14035

     FASTENER DRIVING TOOLS

     Make sure fastener driving air tools (nailers and staplers) are safe

     WAC 296-807-14040.

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     • Follow the manufacturer's instructions for safe use of the tool.

[]

     You must:

     • Make sure the tool cannot accidentally eject an attachment.

Note:

A retainer is needed if the tool does not have a positive method of keeping the attachment in the tool.

[]

     You must:

     • Make sure a tool nozzle or an airhose opening is not:

     – Pointed at anyone

     – Allowed to contact a person's body.

[]

     You must:

     • Use the following when cleaning with compressed air:

     – Air pressure that has been reduced to less than 30 p.s.i. static pressure at the nozzle

     – Effective chip guarding.

Note:	&sqbul; You may use air pressure greater than 30 p.s.i. if you use a nozzle with vents, holes, flaps or slots that will direct the air flow away from the tip of the nozzle and will reduce the air flow to less than 30 p.s.i if the nozzle becomes blocked.
	&sqbul; Effective chip guarding means any method or equipment that protects the eyes and skin of the cleaner and other workers from flying chips or particles. Examples include:
	– A protective cone around the nozzle to protect the cleaner
	– Barriers, baffles or screens to protect other workers.

Reference:

Appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) needs to be worn when cleaning with compressed air. See WAC 296-800-160 in the safety and health core rules.

[]

     You must:

     (1) Make sure the airhose and hose connections are suitable for the:

     • Air pressure

     • Use.

     (2) Make sure any plastic pipe used to supply compressed air for portable air tools has been specifically identified by the manufacturer as being suitable for compressed air use.

Note:

Existing unapproved pipe that is buried underground or enclosed in shatter-resistant material is acceptable only if it completely eliminates the hazards created by the brittle nature of the pipe.

[]

     Exemption:

     This section does not apply to:

     • Tools specifically for medical or dental use

     • Tools specifically for use in the food processing industry

     • Tools mounted in stationary installations

     • Air hoists

     • Construction and mining tools such as paving breakers, diggers, tampers, and rock drills.

     You must:

     • Make sure portable, hand-held air tools meet the requirements of:

     – ANSI B186.1-1984, Safety Code for Portable Air Tools.

     OR

     – ANSI/ISANTA SNT-101-1993, Portable, Compressed-Air-Actuated, Fastener Driving Tools-Safety Requirements for.

Note:

There may be a statement on the tool or in the instruction manual indicating the tool meets the requirements of the appropriate ANSI standard. If in doubt, check with the manufacturer.

[]

     Exemption:

     This section does not apply to:

     • Tools specifically for medical or dental use

     • Tools specifically for use in the food processing industry

     • Tools mounted in stationary installations

     • Air hoists

     • Construction and mining tools such as paving breakers, diggers, tampers, and rock drills.

     You must:

     (1) Relieve the pressure in the air line before disconnecting a compressed air tool from the line or disconnecting a hose joint unless there is automatic valve closing protection at the joint being separated.

     (2) Disconnect the tool from the compressed air supply before repairs are done.

     (3) Make sure that eye protection is worn at all times by:

     • The person operating the tool

     • Other persons in the area where tools are being used.

References:	&sqbul; Use the PPE hazard assessment to determine which employees other than the tool operator need to wear eye protection and the type of eye protection they need to wear. See WAC 296-800-160 in the safety and health core rules.
	&sqbul; Chapter 296-62 WAC, Part K, Hearing conservation, may require the use of hearing protection.

[]

     You must:

     (1) Make sure any fastener driving air tool discharges all air in the tool when disconnected from the compressed air supply.

     (2) Make sure that all pneumatically driven nailers, staplers, and other similar equipment provided with automatic fastener feed have a safety device on the muzzle to prevent the tool from ejecting fasteners, unless the muzzle is in contact with the work surface.

Note:	Pneumatic nailers or staplers do not need this safety device if:
	• The overall weight of the fastening device does not exceed the weight of one and one-half inches of standard 18-gauge wire. The normal maximum diameter tolerance for manufacturing standard 18-gauge wire is .045 inches.
	• The operator and any other person within twelve feet of the point of operation wear approved eye protection.

[]

     IMPORTANT:

     This section applies to any powder actuated fastening system designed to use the expanding gases from a powder load to propel a stud, pin, fastener, or other object into hard structural material.

     Exemption:

     This section does not apply to:

     • Devices designed to attach objects to soft construction material such as wood, plaster, tar, and dry wallboard

     • Stud welding equipment.

     Your responsibility:

     Make sure powder actuated fastening systems are used safely.

     You must:

     TOOL OPERATORS

     Make sure tool operators are qualified

     WAC 296-807-15005

     PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

     Make sure employees are aware tools are in use and wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE)

     WAC 296-807-15010

     TOOL DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

     Make sure tools are adequately designed and constructed

     WAC 296-807-15015

     LABELING

     Make sure tools and containers are properly labeled

     WAC 296-807-15020

     POWDER LOADS

     Make sure powder loads and power levels are properly identified

     WAC 296-807-15025

     Use proper powder loads

     WAC 296-807-15030

     TOOL USE

     Make sure the tool is appropriate to the job

     WAC 296-807-15035

     Make sure the operator uses the tool safely

     WAC 296-807-15040

     FASTENERS

     Use fasteners safely

     WAC 296-807-15045

     INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE

     Inspect and maintain tools properly

     WAC 296-807-15050

     STORAGE

     Make sure tools are stored properly

     WAC 296-807-15055

[]

     • Make sure tools are used only by qualified operators

     • Make sure operators have been trained by an authorized instructor.

Note:

Authorized instructors have to meet the instructor qualifications of ANSI A10.3-1995, Safety Requirements for Powder-Actuated Fastening Systems.

     You must:

     • Make sure all tool operators can:

     - Understand the manufacturer's instructions

     - Clean the tool properly

     - Recognize any visibly worn or damaged parts

     - Identify power load levels

     - Operate the tool correctly.

     • Make sure tool operators have a valid qualified operator's card in their possession when they are using the tool.

[]

     (1) Make sure eye or face protection is worn by:

     • Tool operators

     • Assistants

     • Persons close to where the tool is being used.

Reference:	&sqbul; Use the PPE hazard assessment to determine which employees other than the tool operator need to wear eye protection and the type of eye protection they need to wear. See WAC 296-800-160 in the safety and health core rules.
	&sqbul; Chapter 296-62 WAC, Part K, Hearing conservation may require the use of hearing protection.

     You must:

     (2) Post signs where tools are being used and in adjacent areas where tool use could pose a hazard. Signs must:

     • Be easily seen

     • Be at least 8 x 10 inches (20 x 25 cm)

     • Use letters in boldface type at least one inch (2.5 cm) high

     • Read "POWDER ACTUATED TOOL IN USE" or similar wording.

Note:	Tool use could create a hazard in adjacent areas by allowing a fastener to penetrate one or more of the following:
	• Wall
	• Floor
	• Other working surface.

[]

     You must:

     (1) Make sure the tool meets the design and construction requirements of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standard ANSI A10.3-1995, Safety Requirements for Powder-Actuated Fastening Systems.

Note:

There may be a statement on the tool or in the instruction manual indicating the tool meets the requirements of the appropriate ANSI standard. If in doubt, check with the manufacturer.

     You must:

     (2) Make sure each tool has:

     • Operator instructions and a tool service manual

     • Powder load and fastener chart

     • Service tools and accessories.

[]

     You must:

     (1) Make sure tools are properly labeled.

     • Make sure each tool has a readable, permanent label that shows the manufacturer's:

     – Model number

     – Unique serial number.

     • Make sure there is a durable warning label on each tool that:

     – Reads "WARNING - FOR USE ONLY BY QUALIFIED OPERATORS ACCORDING TO MANUFACTURER'S INSTRUCTION MANUAL"

     OR

     – Uses words with the same meaning.

     (2) Make sure the tool storage container has these labels:

     • "POWDER ACTUATED TOOL" on the outside of the container in an easily seen position

     • "WARNING - POWDER ACTUATED TOOL. TO BE USED ONLY BY A QUALIFIED OPERATOR AND KEPT UNDER LOCK AND KEY WHEN NOT IN USE" on the inside cover.

[]

     You must:

     • Make sure powder loads and power levels are identified as specified in Table 3, Powder-Load Identification

Table 3

Powder-Load Identification

[]

     You must:

     • Use only a powder load that is:

     – Recommended by the tool manufacturer for the particular tool

     OR

     – One that provides the same level of safety and performance.

[]

     You must:

     (1) Use the lowest velocity class of tool and load that will properly set the fastener.

     (2) Use the proper shield, fixture, adaptor, or accessory that is:

     • Suitable for the job

     • Recommended and supplied by the manufacturer.

[]

     You must:

     (1) Make sure the operator:

     • Inspects the tool before using it, as recommended by the tool manufacturer

     • Uses the tool according to the manufacturer's instructions

     • Keeps the tool unloaded until just before using it

     • Unloads the tool at once if work is interrupted after the tool has been loaded

     • Does not leave a tool or powder load unattended where it would be available to an unauthorized person

     • Never points a tool (loaded or unloaded) at any part of a person's body.

Note:

A magazine or clip fed tool is not considered loaded until a powder load is actually in the ram (firing chamber).

     You must:

     (2) Make sure tools are not used in an explosive or flammable atmosphere.

     (3) Do this if the tool misfires:

     • Hold it firmly against the work surface for thirty seconds

     Then

     • Follow the instructions in the tool manufacturer's instruction manual.

     (4) Hold the tool perpendicular to the work surface when fastening to any material.

     Exemption:

     This does not apply if the tool manufacturer recommends a different technique for a specific job.

[]

     You must:

     (1) Use fasteners:

     • Recommended by the tool manufacturer for the particular tool

     OR

     • Fasteners that provide the same level of safety and performance.

     (2) Keep the fastener from passing completely through the structural material by using a backing material when driving a fastener into any material that is any of the following:

     • Easily penetrated

     • Thin

     • Of questionable resistance.

     (3) Make sure the material is suitable for fastening. Do not drive fasteners into very hard or brittle material such as:

     • Cast iron

     • Glazed tile

     • Hardened steel

     • Glass block

     • Natural rock

     • Hollow tile

     • Most brick.

     (4) Make sure positive alignment with an existing hole is maintained by using a guide or other means supplied or recommended by the tool manufacturer before driving a fastener into the hole.

     (5) Make sure fasteners are not driven into any spalled (chipped or crumbled) area.

     (6) Drive fasteners into concrete only if the fastener shank will penetrate no more than one-third the thickness of the concrete.

     (7) Make sure fasteners are driven at least:

     • One-half inch (13 mm) from the edge of steel

     • Three inches (75 mm) from the unsupported edge of masonry material.

     Exemption:

     This does not apply if an application is specifically required or recommended by the tool manufacturer.

[]

     You must:

     • Make sure any tool that is not in proper working condition is:

     – Immediately removed from service

     – Tagged

     – Properly repaired as specified in the manufacturer's instructions before being used again.

     • Regularly service the tool and inspect it for worn or damaged parts at intervals recommended by the tool manufacturer.

     • Replace worn or damaged parts before the tool is used. This must be done:

     – By a qualified person

     – Using only parts supplied by the tool manufacturer.

     • Keep a written record of inspection dates.

[]

     You must:

     (1) Make sure there is a container that can be locked for each tool.

     (2) Make sure tools and powder loads that are not being used are:

     • Locked in a container

     • Stored in a safe place

     • Only available to authorized persons.

     (3) Store all manuals, maintenance tools, and accessories in the tool container when they are not being used.

[]

     Exemption:

     This section does not apply to commercial equipment that is:

     • Designed primarily for agricultural purposes

     OR

     • Designed primarily to be operated with tractors having at least twenty horsepower for cutting grass or other growth on highways.

     Your responsibility:

     Make sure power lawnmowers are used safely.

     You must:

     DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

     Make sure equipment meets minimum design and construction requirements

     WAC 296-807-16005

     LABELS

     Make sure the equipment has the appropriate labels and decals

     WAC 296-807-16010

     BEFORE STARTING

     Make sure the operator understands and follows instructions before starting the mower

     WAC 296-807-16015

     USE

     Use the equipment safely

     WAC 296-807-16020

     NONELECTRIC MOWERS

     Protect employees from fuel and exhaust

     WAC 296-807-16025

     WALK-BEHIND MOWERS

     Use walk-behind mowers safely

     WAC 296-807-16030

     RIDE-ON MOWERS

     Use ride-on mowers safely

     WAC 296-807-16035.

[]

     You must:

     (1) Make sure equipment meets ANSI design and construction requirements.

     • Make sure power lawnmowers manufactured on or after August 1, 2003, meet the requirements of the appropriate ANSI standard:

     – ANSI B71.1-1998, American National Standard for Consumer Turf Care Equipment - Walk-Behind Mowers and Ride-On Machines with Mowers - Safety Specifications

     OR

     – ANSI B71.4-1999, American National Standard for Commercial Turf Care Equipment - Safety Specifications.

     • Make sure noncommercial power lawnmowers manufactured before the effective date of this chapter meet the requirements of ANSI B71.1-1968, American National Standard Safety Specifications for Power Lawnmowers.

Note:

There may be a statement on the tool or in the instruction manual indicating the tool meets the requirements of the appropriate ANSI standard. If in doubt, check with the manufacturer.

     You must:

     (2) Position, guard or shield all power-driven shafts, chains, belts, gears, friction drive components, nip and pinch points, and any exposed components hot enough to cause burns while:

     • Starting

     • Mounting

     • Operating the machine.

     (3) Have a shutoff device that:

     • Will stop the motor or engine

     AND

     • Has to be intentionally and manually activated before the motor or engine can be restarted.

[]

     You must:

     (1) Make sure all positions of the operating controls are clearly identified.

     (2) Make sure warning and caution labels or decals on the mower are readable and replace them if necessary.

[]

     You must:

     (1) Make sure the operator understands all instructions for operating the mower that are in the manufacturer's instructions and on the machine.

     • Make sure the operator is thoroughly familiar with the controls and proper use of the mower before starting it.

     (2) Make sure the proper guards, plates, grass catcher or other safety devices are in place before starting the mower.

[]

     You must:

     (1) Follow the manufacturer's instructions for safe use of the equipment.

     (2) Keep people clear of discharge opening(s).

     (3) Keep people's hands and feet clear of rotating parts.

     (4) Clear the area of objects such as rocks, toys, wire, bones, sticks, etc., which could be picked up and thrown by the blade and create a hazard for the operator or other persons.

     (5) Make sure the operator stops the engine before:

     • Leaving the equipment

     • Unclogging the grass discharge chute

     • Cleaning the mower.

     (6) Make sure the operator wears safety goggles or safety glasses with side shields when operating the mower.

Note:

Use the personal protective equipment (PPE) hazard assessment to determine the type of footwear and other PPE the employees need to wear. See WAC 296-800-160, PPE, in the safety and health core rules.

[]

     This section does not apply to electric engines.

     You must:

     (1) Make sure to:

     • Keep the gas cap on whenever the engine is running.

     • Shut off the engine before and during refueling.

     (2) Make sure not to refuel the machine indoors.

     (3) Make sure not to run the engine in a closed area.

     Exemption:

     You can refuel the machine indoors or run the engine in a closed area if the area was specifically designed for such use.

[]

     You must:

     (1) Make sure the operator wears substantial footwear when operating a walk-behind mower.

Note:

Use the personal protective equipment (PPE) hazard assessment to determine the type of footwear and other PPE the employees need to wear. See WAC 296-800-160, PPE, in the safety and health core rules.

     You must:

     (2) Mow across the face of a slope.

[]

     You must:

     (1) Make sure not to carry passengers.

     (2) Make sure the operator looks down and behind before and while moving backwards.

[]

     IMPORTANT:

     This section applies to portable hand- or power-operated:

     • Hydraulic jacks

     • Mechanical ratchet jacks

     • Mechanical screw jacks.

     Your responsibility:

     Make sure jacks are safe to use.

     You must:

     LABELING

     Make sure jacks are labeled with their rated load(s)

     WAC 296-807-17005

     BEFORE USE

     Make sure the jack is safe to lift the load

     WAC 296-807-17010

     LIFTING THE LOAD

     Lift the load safely

     WAC 296-807-17015

     INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE

     Visually inspect jacks and keep them in good working order

     WAC 296-807-17020.

[]

     You must:

     • Make sure the rated load(s) of the jack is:

     – Readable

     – Durably marked in an easily seen location on the jack.

[]

     You must:

     (1) Visually examine the general condition of the jack before each use.

Note:

If a jack is to be used more than once on a shift, the visual examination is only required before the jack is used for the first time that shift.

     You must:

     (2) Make sure the weight to be lifted or supported is within the rated load of the jack.

     (3) Make sure the base of the jack is on a firm foundation or blocked before lifting the load.

     (4) Make sure hydraulic jacks exposed to freezing temperatures function properly at the temperature they will be used.

[]

     You must:

     (1) Place a block between the load cap and the load if the load could slip off the jack.

     (2) Secure the load from falling or slipping immediately after it is raised by one or more of the following:

     • Cribbing

     • Blocking

     • Some other equally effective method.

     (3) Make sure you do not exceed the limit of travel of the jack.

Note:	The limit of travel can be determined by one or more of the following:
	• A positive stop
	• A stop indicator
	• Some other equally effective method.

[]

Note:

There are two types of inspection, frequent or periodic, depending on how often they are done.

     You must:

     (1) Inspect jacks at appropriate intervals:

     • Make sure frequent inspections are done by the operator or other designated person as follows:

     – Before a jack is first placed in service.

     – Monthly for a jack used in normal service.

     – Daily or before each use for a jack used for other than normal service.

     – Before using a jack that has been altered, modified, or repaired.

     – Before using a jack that has not been used in one year or more.

     • Make sure a periodic inspection of the jack is done once a year.

     • Inspect the jack using Table 4, Jack Inspection Requirements, during any frequent or periodic inspection.

     (2) Make sure a jack that is out of order is:

     • Tagged

     • Not used until repaired.

     (3) Make sure a jack is properly lubricated at regular intervals.

Note:

The jack should be lubricated following the manufacturer's instructions.

Table 4

Jack Inspection Requirements

Inspection Item		Frequent Inspection	Periodic Inspection
Check all of the following items that apply to the jack:
	Improper pawl engagement	X	X
	Excessive pawl wear	X	X
	Chipped, cracked, or worn rack teeth	X	X
	Damaged, bent, or worn threads	X	X
	Leaking hydraulic fluid	X	X
	Scored or damaged plunger	X	X
	Improper functioning	X	X
	Free movement of swivel, heads, and caps	X	X
	Loose bolts or rivets	X	X
	Damaged or improperly assembled accessory equipment	X	X
	Rack wear or bending	X	X
	Other items as specified in the manufacturer's instructions	X	X
Watch the jack during operation		X	X
More detailed inspection required if a designated person determines any condition discovered is a hazard		X
Clean and check internal parts for wear or damage if inspection indicates an internal problem			X

[]

     IMPORTANT:

     This section applies to portable tools using abrasive wheels.

     Definition:

     Abrasive wheel. A grinding tool consisting of bonded abrasive grains. This includes diamond and reinforced wheels.

     Exemption: This section does not apply to machines using:

     • Natural sandstone wheels

     • Pulpstone wheels

     • Coated abrasive products

     • Loose abrasives.

     Your responsibility:

     Make sure abrasive wheel tools and wheels are safe to use.

     You must:

     DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

     Make sure abrasive wheels and tools are properly designed and constructed

     WAC 296-807-18005

     GUARDS

     Make sure machines have safety guards

     WAC 296-807-18010

     Keep safety guards in good functional condition

     WAC 296-807-18015

     GUARDS - SPECIFIC WHEELS

     Use specific safety guards for machines using Type 1 grinding wheels, cutting-off wheels, and tuck pointing wheels

     WAC 296-807-18020

     Use specific safety guards for vertical and angle grinders using Type 6 or Type 11 wheels

     WAC 296-807-18025

     Use specific safety guards for vertical and angle grinders using Type 27, 28 and 29 wheels

     WAC 296-807-18030

     SIDE HANDLES

     Use side handles on vertical and angle grinders

     WAC 296-807-18035

     ABRASIVE WHEELS

     Make sure abrasive wheels are safe to use

     WAC 296-807-18040

     MOUNTING

     Mount wheels properly

     WAC 296-807-18045

     FLANGES

     Use proper flanges

     WAC 296-807-18050

     Make sure flanges are in good condition

     WAC 296-807-18055

     FLANGES - SPECIFIC WHEELS

     Use specific flanges for Type 1 cutting-off wheels

     WAC 296-807-18060

     Use specific flanges for Type 27A cutting-off wheels

     WAC 296-807-18065

     Use specific flanges for threaded hole wheels    

     WAC 296-807-18070

     Use specific flanges for cup, cone or plug wheels with threaded inserts or projecting studs

     WAC 296-807-18075

     BLOTTERS

     Use blotters when required

     WAC 296-807-18080

     BLOTTERS - TYPE 6 AND 11 WHEELS

     Meet specific blotter requirements when using modified Types 6 and 11 wheels (terrazzo)

     WAC 296-807-18085.

[]

     You must:

     • Make sure abrasive wheels and tools meet the design and construction requirements of:

     – American National Standards Institute (ANSI) B7.1-2000, Safety Requirements for the Use, Care and Protection of Abrasive Wheels

     OR

     – ANSI B186.1-1984, Safety Code for Portable Air Tools.

Note:

Tools may have a statement on the tool or in the instruction manual that the tool meets the appropriate ANSI standard. If in doubt, check with the manufacturer.

[]

     • Use abrasive wheels only on machines that have safety guards.

     • Make sure the safety guard:

     – Is mounted so it maintains proper alignment with the wheel

     – Is mounted with fasteners strong enough to keep the guard in position if a wheel breaks

     – Is positioned to deflect pieces of an accidentally broken wheel away from the operator

     – Covers the spindle end, nut, and flange projections.

     Exemption:

     Safety guards are not required on machines that use:

     • Wheels for internal grinding while advancing, retracting or within the work

     • Mounted wheels two inches or less in diameter

     • Types 16, 17, 18, 18R, and 19 cones and plugs and threaded hole pot balls where:

     – The work offers protection

     OR

     – The size does not exceed three inches in diameter by five inches long.

     • Notched, segmented, or continuous rim metal centered diamond lapidary wheels that are:

     – Used with a coolant deflector

     AND

     – Operated at 3,500 SFPM or less.

     • Type 1 wheels that are:

     – Two inches or less in diameter

     – One-half inch or less thick

     – Operating at peripheral speeds less than 1,800 SFPM

     – Mounted on mandrels and used in portable drills.

     • Type 1 reinforced wheels that are:

     – Three inches or less in diameter one-quarter inch or less thick

     – Operating at peripheral speeds of 9,500 SFPM or less

     – Used by operators wearing safety glasses and face shields.

     • Valve seating grinding wheels.

[]

     You must:

     • Make sure safety guards are in good functional condition.

     • Replace any safety guard that:

     – Is damaged, bent or severely worn

     OR

     – Has been hit by parts from a breaking wheel.

[]

     You must:

     • Make sure the safety guard covers the top and sides of the wheel for at least one hundred eighty degrees.

Note:

It is not required to cover the spindle end, nut and outer flange.

[]

     You must:

     • Make sure the safety guard:

     – Covers the wheel's plane of rotation toward the operator for at least one hundred eighty degrees

     – Covers the side of the wheel toward the driving flange for at least one hundred eighty degrees

     – Has a skirt which is adjustable to within one-eighth inch of the plane of the surface of the wheel.

     • Make sure not to use a "revolving cup guard."

Note:

"Cup back bushings" do not substitute for safety guards.

[]

     You must:

     • Make sure safety guards:

     – Cover the wheel's plane of rotation toward the operator for at least one hundred eighty degrees

     – Cover the side of the wheel toward the driving flange for at least one hundred eighty degrees

     – Have a lip on the outer edge that:

     &sqbul; Extends beyond the surface of the wheel throughout the one hundred eighty degree coverage

     AND

     &sqbul; Curls inward to deflect wheel fragments.

[]

     You must:

     Use a side handle on all four-inch and larger vertical and angle grinders.

[]

     • Do the following before mounting a wheel:

     – Visually inspect the wheel for cracks or damage

     – Perform a ring test for cracks (size and shape of the wheel permitting)

     – Make sure the spindle speed of the machine is not greater than the operating speed of the wheel.

     • Make sure a damaged or cracked wheel is not mounted or used.

[]

     You must:

     (1) Make sure wheels fit freely on the spindle, wheel sleeves, or adaptors, and remain free under all grinding conditions.

     (2) Make sure wheel, blotter and flange surfaces that contact each other are flat and free of foreign particles.

     (3) Make sure any reducing bushing used in the wheel hole:

     • Fits freely on the spindle and maintains proper clearance      • Does not exceed the width of the wheel or contact the flanges.

     (4) Make sure that multiple wheels mounted between a single set of flanges are either:

     • Cemented together

     OR

     • Separated by spacers that have a diameter and bearing surface that is the same as the mounting flanges.

[]

     You must:

     • Mount all abrasive wheels between flanges that have a diameter at least one-third the diameter of the wheel.

     Exemption:

     • Mounted wheels

     • Cup, cone or plug wheels with threaded inserts or projecting studs

     • Abrasive disc wheels (inserted nut, inserted washer and projecting stud type)

     • Plate mounted wheels

     • Cylinder, cup, or segmental wheels mounted in chucks

     • Types 27, 28 and 29 wheels

     • Internal wheels less than two inches in diameter

     • Modified Type 6 and 11 wheels (terrazzo)

     • Types 1 and 27A cutting-off wheels.

     You must:

     • Make sure flanges are:

     – Dimensionally accurate

     – Properly balanced

     – Flat

     – Free of rough surfaces or sharp edges.

     • Make sure, if a wheel is mounted between two flanges, that both flanges:

     – Are the same diameter

     – Have equal bearing surfaces.

     Exemption:

     The following wheels do not require same diameter, equal bearing surface flanges:

     • Types 27, 28, and 29 wheels with adaptors

     • Modified Types 6 and 11 wheels with tapered K dimension

     • Internal wheels less than two inches in diameter.

     You must:

     • Make sure the driving flange is:

     – Part of the spindle

     OR

     – Securely fastened to the spindle.

[]

     • Make sure flange bearing surfaces are in good condition.

     • Replace or remachine any flange with a mounting surface that has any of the following problems:

     – Warped

     – Burred on the bearing surface

     – Excessively worn (thickness or diameter)

     – Out of true.

Note:

Flanges that are refaced or trued need to satisfy minimum dimension requirements specified in ANSI B7.1-2000, Safety Requirements for the Use, Care and Protection of Abrasive Wheels.

[]

     You must:

     • Mount Type 1 cutting-off wheels between flanges that are:      – Properly relieved with matching bearing surfaces

     – At least one-quarter the wheel diameter.

Note:

American National Standards Institute (ANSI) B7.1-2000, Safety Requirements for the Use, Care and Protection of Abrasive Wheels, has specific exemptions for some reinforced, bonded abrasive cutting-off wheels and steel centered, diamond cutting-off wheels. These wheels are primarily used for masonry cutting and concrete sawing.

[]

     You must:

     • Mount Type 27A cutting-off wheels between flanges that are:

     – Flat (unrelieved) with matching bearing surfaces

     – At least one-quarter the wheel diameter.

[]

     You must:

     • Use a back flange to mount threaded hole wheels that is:

     – Flat (unrelieved)

     – Securely fastened and square to the spindle axis

     – Able to properly support the wheel.

[]

     You must:

     • Mount cup, cone or plug wheels with threaded inserts or projecting studs against a straight, unrelieved flange.

[]

     You must:

     • Use a blotter between each flange and the abrasive wheel surface to uniformly distribute flange pressure.

     • Make sure the blotter covers the entire flange contact area.

     • Use a new blotter each time a wheel is mounted unless the wheel has a blotter already attached to it by the manufacturer.

     • Make sure scuffed or damaged blotters are not used.

     Exemption:

     You do not need to use a blotter with:

     • Mounted wheels

     • Abrasive disc and Type 2 wheels which are mounted by inserted nuts, inserted washers, or projecting studs

     • Plate mounted wheels

     • Wheels mounted in chucks (such as cylinders and segmental wheels)

     • Types 27, 28 and 29 wheels

     • Type 1 and Type 27A cutting-off wheels

     • Internal wheels less than two inches in diameter

     • Diamond and cubic boron nitride wheels with metal or carbon fiber cores.

[]

     You must:

     • Mount modified Types 6 and 11 wheels (terrazzo) with a blotter applied to the flat side of the wheel only.

[]

     Abrasive wheel. A grinding tool consisting of bonded abrasive grains. This includes diamond and reinforced wheels.

     Blind hole. A hole drilled in an object, such as an abrasive wheel, that does not go all the way through.

     Blotter. A compressible disc or washer, usually of blotting paper, plastic, cardboard, or gasket material, that is used between the wheel and the flanges to evenly distribute flange pressure on the wheel.

     Cone and plug wheels (Types 16, 17, 18, 18R, and 19). Abrasive wheels manufactured with blind hole threaded bushings. They may be used on all surfaces except the flat mounting surface (D). Specific characteristics of the different cone and plug wheels are:

     • Type 16 cones have a curved side with a nose radius

     • Type 17 cones have straight sides with or without a nose radius

     • Type 18 and 18R plug wheels are cylindrical in shape with either a square or curved grinding end

     • Type 19 cone wheels are a combination of cone and plug shapes

     Cutting-off wheels. Abrasive wheels used to cut material such as masonry, pipe, etc.

     Designated person. A person selected or assigned by the employer or the employer's representative as competent to perform specific duties.

     Discharge opening. An opening in a mower housing for discharging grass.

     Flanges. Collars, discs or plates between or against which wheels are mounted. There are four types of flanges:

     • Adaptor

     • Sleeve

     • Straight relieved

     • Straight unrelieved.

     Grass catcher. Parts or a combination of parts to collect grass clippings or debris.

     Guard (abrasive wheels). An enclosure designed to restrain the pieces of an abrasive wheel and furnish protection to the operator if the wheel is broken during operation.

     Guard. A part or assembly to prevent accidental contact with hazardous machine parts or to protect persons from other hazards created by the machinery.

     Inorganic bonded wheel. Abrasive wheels that are bonded by means of inorganic material such as clay, glass, porcelain, sodium silicate, magnesium oxychloride, or metal.

     Jack. A portable hand- or power-operated mechanism for lifting, lowering or moving horizontally a load by applying a pushing force.

     Modified Types 6 and 11 wheels (terrazzo). Similar to Type 6 "straight cup" wheels and Type 11 "flaring cup" wheels except for the bottom of the cup. The bottom of the cup is flat in Type 6 and 11 wheels. The modified wheels have bottoms that are sloped downwards towards the mounting hole. These modified wheels need to be mounted using a special tapered flange furnished by the tool manufacturer. These wheels are used in the terrazzo trade.

     Mounted wheels. Bonded abrasive wheels of various shapes, usually two inches diameter or smaller, that are secured to plain or threaded steel mandrels.

     Normal service (jacks). Raising or lowering axial loads that are eighty-five percent or less of the rated load under controlled conditions.

     Organic bonded wheels. Abrasive wheels that are bonded by means of organic material such as resin, rubber, shellac, or other similar bonding agent.

     Rated load. The maximum load that the jack is designed to lift or support.

     Reinforced wheels. Organic bonded abrasive wheels which have webbing, fabric or filament to provide resistance to complete breaking of the wheel should it become cracked or damaged.

     Terrazzo. A material of stone chips, such as marble, set in mortar and polished.

     Threaded hole wheels. Abrasive wheels that have one central threaded bushing, securely anchored in place. They are mounted by being screwed onto a threaded machine spindle so that the wheel back seats firmly against an unrelieved flat back flange.

     Tuck pointing wheels. Tuck pointing abrasive wheels are Type 1 reinforced, organic bonded wheels and have diameter, thickness and hole size dimensions. They are used to remove cement, mortar, or other nonmetallic jointing material.

     Type 1 wheel. An abrasive wheel shaped like a disc with a mounting hole in the middle. Sometimes called a "straight wheel." It has diameter (D), thickness (T), and hole size (H) dimensions. Grinding is normally done on the periphery (outside curve) of the wheel (T dimension). Can be used for grinding, cutting-off, and tuck pointing.

     Type 2 wheel. An abrasive wheel shaped like an open-ended, hollow cylinder. Sometimes called a cylinder wheel. It has diameter (measured from the outer wall of the cylinder), wheel thickness (height of the cylinder), and rim thickness (thickness of the cylinder wall). Grinding is done on the end of the cylinder (rim thickness dimension).

     Type 6 wheel. An abrasive wheel shaped like a straight-sided cup or bowl with a mounting hole in the bottom of the cup. Sometimes called a "cup wheel." It has diameter (D), thickness (T), hole size (H), rim thickness (W), and back thickness (E) dimensions. Grinding is normally done on the cup rim (W dimension).

     Type 11 wheel. An abrasive wheel shaped like a cup or bowl with a mounting hole in the bottom of the cup. The sides of the cup are not straight-sided but are angled outward. Sometimes called a "flaring cup wheel" since the sides are "flared" out. It has double diameter dimensions (top D and bottom J). It also has thickness (T), hole size (H), rim thickness (W) and back thickness (E) dimensions. Grinding is normally done on the cup rim (W dimension).

     Type 16, 17, 18, 18R, and 19 wheels. See cone and plug wheels.

     Type 27 wheel. An abrasive wheel similar to a Type 1 wheel, but the center of the wheel around the mounting hole is pushed back (depressed). Sometimes called a "depressed center" wheel. It has diameter (D), thickness (U) and hole size (H) dimensions. The depressed center allows grinding on the flat surface of the wheel without interference from the flange or mounting hardware.

     Type 27A cutting-off wheel. Similar to a Type 27 wheel. Specifically designed for use on cutting-off machines.

     Type 28 wheel. An abrasive wheel similar to a Type 27 wheel, but the face of the wheel is angled upward and away from the mounting hole. The face of a Type 27 wheel is flat and perpendicular to the mounting hole. A Type 28 wheel is also called a "depressed center" wheel. It has diameter (D), thickness (U) and hole size (H) dimensions. The depressed center allows grinding without interference from the mounting. A Type 28 wheel has a saucer-shaped grinding rim and is designed for corner grinding and side grinding.

     Type 29 wheel. An abrasive wheel that has reversed, saucer-shaped grinding rims (similar to a partially opened umbrella).

[]

OTS-6036.1

REPEALER

     The following sections of the Washington Administrative Code are repealed:

WAC 296-24-650	Hand and portable powered tools and equipment -- General.
WAC 296-24-65003	Compressed air used for cleaning.
WAC 296-24-65005	Compressed air tools.
WAC 296-24-65007	Air hammer.
WAC 296-24-655	Guarding of portable powered tools.
WAC 296-24-65501	Portable powered tools.
WAC 296-24-657	Pneumatic powered tools and hose.
WAC 296-24-65701	Portable tools.
WAC 296-24-65703	Airhose.
WAC 296-24-660	Portable abrasive wheels.
WAC 296-24-66001	Abrasive wheel terms.
WAC 296-24-66003	General requirements.
WAC 296-24-66005	Cup wheels.
WAC 296-24-66007	Vertical portable grinders.
WAC 296-24-66009	Other portable grinders.
WAC 296-24-66011	Mounting and inspection of abrasive wheels.
WAC 296-24-663	Safety requirements for powder actuated fastening systems.
WAC 296-24-66301	Scope.
WAC 296-24-66303	Purpose.
WAC 296-24-66305	Definitions applicable to this section.
WAC 296-24-66307	Requirements.
WAC 296-24-66309	Power loads.
WAC 296-24-66311	Fasteners.
WAC 296-24-66313	Operation.
WAC 296-24-66315	Limitations of use.
WAC 296-24-66317	Maintenance and storage.
WAC 296-24-66319	Authorized instructor.
WAC 296-24-66321	Qualified operator.
WAC 296-24-665	Power lawnmowers.
WAC 296-24-66501	Terms.
WAC 296-24-66503	General requirements.
WAC 296-24-66505	Walk-behind and riding rotary mowers.
WAC 296-24-66507	Walk-behind rotary mowers.
WAC 296-24-66509	Riding rotary mowers.
WAC 296-24-670	Jacks.
WAC 296-24-67001	Jack terms.
WAC 296-24-67003	Loading and marking.
WAC 296-24-67005	Operation and maintenance.

© Washington State Code Reviser's Office