WSR 97-01-135
PERMANENT RULES
BUILDING CODE COUNCIL
[Filed December 19, 1996, 11:29 a.m., effective July 1, 1997]
Date of Adoption: November 13, 1996.
Purpose: To provide regulations relating to the discharge of ammonia refrigerant in cold storage warehouses in response to Governor Lowry's direction to "take appropriate action immediately" to resolve this issue.
Citation of Existing Rules Affected by this Order: Amending chapter 51-32 WAC, Uniform Mechanical Code and chapter 51-34 WAC, Uniform Fire Code.
Statutory Authority for Adoption: RCW 19.27.074.
Adopted under notice filed as WSR 96-20-101 on October 1, 1996.
Changes Other than Editing from Proposed to Adopted Version: In order to make the mechanical and fire codes consistent, the scope of changes has been expanded in the fire code from just ammonia refrigeration to include refrigeration systems in general.
Number of Sections Adopted in Order to Comply with Federal Statute: New 0, amended 0, repealed 0; Federal Rules or Standards: New 0, amended 0, repealed 0; or Recently Enacted State Statutes: New 0, amended 0, repealed 0.
Number of Sections Adopted at Request of a Nongovernmental Entity: New 0, amended 0, repealed 0.
Number of Sections Adopted on the Agency's own Initiative: New 0, amended 0, repealed 0.
Number of Sections Adopted in Order to Clarify, Streamline, or Reform Agency Procedures: New 0, amended 0, repealed 0.
Number of Sections Adopted using Negotiated Rule Making: New 33, amended 0, repealed 0; Pilot Rule Making: New 0, amended 0, repealed 0; or Other Alternative Rule Making: New 0, amended 0, repealed 0.
Effective Date of Rule: July 1, 1997.
December 19, 1996
James R. Beaver
Chair
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-32-1100 Refrigeration.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 51-32-1101 General.
1101.1 Scope. This chapter shall govern the design, installation,
construction and repair of refrigeration systems that vaporize and
liquefy a fluid during the refrigerating cycle. Refrigerant piping
design and installation, including pressure vessels and pressure relief
devices, shall conform to this code. Permanently installed refrigerant
storage systems and other components shall be considered as part of the
refrigeration system to which they are attached.
1101.2 Factory-built equipment. Listed and labeled self-contained,
factory-built equipment shall be tested in accordance with UL 207, 303,
412, 465, 471 or 1995.
1101.3 Protection. Any portion of a refrigeration system that is
subject to physical damage shall be protected in an approved manner.
1101.4 Water connection. Water supply and discharge connections
associated with refrigeration systems shall be made in accordance with
this code and the plumbing code.
1101.5 Gas connection. Gas fuel devices and equipment used with
refrigeration systems shall be installed in accordance with this code.
1101.6 General. Refrigeration systems shall comply with the
requirements of this code and, except as modified by this code, ASHRAE
15-1994. Ammonia-refrigerating systems shall comply with this code and,
except as modified by this code, ASHRAE 15-1994 and IIAR 2-1992.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 51-32-1102 System requirements.
1102.1 General. The system classification, allowable refrigerants, the
maximum quantity, enclosure requirements, location limitations and field
pressure test requirements, shall be determined as follows:
1. Determine the refrigeration system's classification in
accordance with Section 1103.
2. Determine the refrigerant classification in accordance with
Table 1104.1.
3. Determine the maximum allowable quantity of refrigerant in
accordance with Table 1104.2(1), based on type of refrigerant,
system classification and occupancy.
4. Determine the system enclosure requirements in accordance with
Table 1104.2(1).
5. Refrigeration equipment location and installation shall be
subject to the limitations of Chapter 3.
6. Nonfactory-tested, field-erected equipment shall be pressure
tested in accordance with Section 1108.
1102.2 Refrigerants. Refrigerants not identified in Table 1104.1 shall
be approved before use. Refrigerants (including refrigerant blends) with
different designations in ASHRAE 34-1992, with addenda through 1995,
shall not be mixed in a system.
1102.2.1 New refrigerants. Refrigerants used in new equipment shall be
of a type and purity level specified or approved by the equipment
manufacturer.
1102.2.2 Recovered refrigerants. Refrigerants that are recovered from
refrigeration and air-conditioning systems shall not be reused in other
than the system from which they were recovered and in other systems of
the same owner. Recovered refrigerants shall be filtered and dried
before reuse. Recovered refrigerants that show clear signs of
contamination shall not be reused unless reclaimed in accordance with
Section 1102.2.3.
1102.2.3 Reclaimed refrigerants. Used refrigerants shall not be reused
in a different owner's equipment unless reclaimed and found to meet the
purity requirements of ARI 700-1993. Contaminated refrigerants shall not
be used in the same owner's equipment or in a different owner's equipment
unless reclaimed and found to meet the purity requirements of ARI 700-1993.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 51-32-1103 Refrigeration system classification.
1103.1 General. For the purposes of applying Tables 1104.1, 1104.2(1),
and 1104.2(2), refrigeration systems shall be classified as a high-probability or low-probability system based on the potential hazard
resulting from a leakage of refrigerant into an occupancy-classified area
other than the machinery room.
1103.2 High-probability systems. Direct systems and indirect open-spray
systems shall be classified as high-probability systems.
EXCEPTION: An indirect open-spray system shall not be required to be classified as a high-probability system if the pressure of the secondary coolant is at all times (operating and standby) greater than
the pressure of the refrigerant.
1103.3 Low-probability systems. Double-indirect open-spray systems,
indirect closed systems and indirect-vented closed systems shall be
classified as low-probability systems, provided that all refrigerant-containing piping and fittings are isolated when the quantities in Table
1104.1 are exceeded.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 51-32-1104 Refrigerant classification and system requirements.
1104.1 Refrigerant classification. Refrigerants shall be classified in
accordance with ASHRAE 34-1992, with addenda through 1995, as listed in
Table 1104.1.
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1104.2 System requirements. The maximum allowable refrigerant
quantities shall be in accordance with Table 1104.2(1). To use Table
1104.2(1), determine the occupancy class, refrigerant group in accordance
with Table 1104.1 and type of system in accordance with Section 1103, and
then locate the notes that apply.
1104.2.1 Occupancy classification. Locations of refrigerating systems
are described by occupancy classifications that consider the ability of
people to respond to potential exposure to refrigerant. Where equipment,
other than piping, is located outside a building and within 20 feet (6096
mm) of any building opening, such equipment shall be governed by the
occupancy classification of the building. Occupancy classifications
shall be defined as follows:
1. Institutional occupancy is that portion of premises from
which, because they are disabled, debilitated or confined,
occupants cannot readily leave without the assistance of
others. Institutional occupancies include, among others,
hospitals, nursing homes, asylums and spaces containing locked
cells.
2. Public assembly occupancy is that portion of premises where
large numbers of people congregate and from which occupants
cannot quickly vacate the space. Public assembly occupancies
include, among others, auditoriums, ballrooms, classrooms,
passenger depots, restaurants and theaters.
3. Residential occupancy is that portion of premises that
provides the occupants with complete independent living
facilities, including permanent provisions for living,
sleeping, eating, cooking and sanitation. Residential
occupancies include, among others, dormitories, hotels, multi-unit apartments and private residences.
4. Commercial occupancy is that portion of premises where people
transact business, receive personal service or purchase food
and other goods. Commercial occupancies include, among
others, office and professional buildings, markets (but not
large mercantile occupancies) and work or storage areas that
do not qualify as industrial occupancies.
5. Large mercantile occupancy is that portion of premises where
more than 100 persons congregate on levels above or below
street level to purchase personal merchandise.
6. Industrial occupancy is that portion of premises that is not
open to the public, where access by authorized persons is
controlled, and that is used to manufacture, process or store
goods such as chemicals, food, ice, meat or petroleum.
7. Mixed occupancy occurs when two or more occupancies are
located within the same building. When each occupancy is
isolated from the rest of the building by tight walls, floors
and ceilings and by self-closing doors, the requirements for
each occupancy shall apply to its portion of the building.
When the various occupancies are not so isolated, the
occupancy having the most stringent requirements shall be the
governing occupancy.
1104.3 Volume calculations. Volume calculations shall be in accordance
with Sections 1104.3.1 through 1104.3.3.
1104.3.1 Unventilated spaces. Where the refrigerant-containing parts
of a system are located in one or more unventilated spaces, the volume
of the smallest, enclosed occupied space, other than a machinery room,
shall be used to determine the permissible quantity of refrigerant in the
system. Where a building consists of several stories of unpartitioned
space, such as a mezzanine or an atrium, the story having the smallest
occupied space shall be deemed to be the enclosed space.
1104.3.2 Ventilated spaces. Where an evaporator or condenser is located
in an air duct system, the volume of the smallest occupied space or
unpartitioned building story, served by the duct shall be used to
determine the maximum allowable quantity of refrigerant in the system.
EXCEPTION: If airflow to any enclosed space cannot be reduced below one-quarter of its maximum, the entire space served by the air duct system shall be used to determine the maximum
allowable quantity of refrigerant in the system.
1104.3.3 Plenums. Where the space above a suspended ceiling is
continuous and part of the supply or return air plenum system, this space
shall be included in calculating the volume of the enclosed space.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 51-32-1105 Machinery room, general requirements.
1105.1 General. Where required by Table 1104.2(1), a machinery room
shall be provided to enclose refrigeration systems located indoors.
Access to the machinery room shall be restricted to authorized
personnel. For rooms where occupational exposure could occur, see WAC
296-62-07515 and 296-62-3112.
1105.2 Dimensions. A machinery room shall be dimensioned so as to
provide clearances required by Chapter 3. There shall be clear head room
of not less than 7 feet 3 inches (2210 mm) below equipment located over
passageways.
1105.3 Doors. Each machinery room shall have self-closing, weather-stripped doors opening in the direction of egress travel. Doors and door
openings shall comply with the requirements of the building code.
1105.4 Openings. Openings to other parts of the building that permit
passage of escaping refrigerant to other parts of the building are
prohibited. Ducts and air handlers in the machinery room that operate
at a lower pressure than the room shall be sealed to prevent any
refrigerant leakage from entering the airstream.
EXCEPTIONS: 1. Egress doors serving the machinery room.
2. Access doors and panels in air ducts and air-handling units, provided that such openings are gasketed and tight fitting.
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1105.5 Refrigerant vapor detector. Machinery rooms shall contain a
refrigerant vapor detector with an audible and visual alarm. The
detector, or a sampling tube that draws air to the detector, shall be
located in an area where refrigerant vapor from a leak will concentrate.
The alarm shall be actuated at a value not greater than the corresponding
TLV-TWA values shown in Table 1104.1. Detectors and alarms shall be
placed in approved locations. Detection and alarm systems shall be
powered and supervised, monitored and annunciated, and installed and
maintained as required by Article 6313.2 of the Uniform Fire Code.
EXCEPTION: Detectors are not required for ammonia systems complying with Section 1106.8.
1105.6 Tests. Periodic tests of the detector, alarm and mechanical
ventilating system shall be performed in accordance with manufacturer's
specifications and as required by the code official.
1105.7 Fuel-burning equipment. Open flames that use combustion air from
the machinery room shall not be installed in a machinery room.
EXCEPTIONS: 1. Matches, lighters, halide leak detectors and similar devices.
2. Where the refrigerant is carbon dioxide or water.
3. Fuel-burning equipment shall not be prohibited in the same machinery room with refrigerant-containing equipment where combustion air is ducted from outside the machinery
room and sealed in such a manner as to prevent any refrigerant leakage from entering the combustion chamber, or where a refrigerant vapor detector is employed to automatically
shut off the combustion process in the event of refrigerant leakage.
1105.8 Sign. A sign shall be posted on the machinery room door
prohibiting access of unauthorized personnel.
1105.9 Ventilation. Machinery rooms shall be mechanically ventilated
to the outdoors. Mechanical ventilation shall be capable of exhausting
the minimum quantity of air both at the normal operating and emergency
conditions. Multiple fans or multispeed fans shall be allowed in order
to produce the emergency ventilation rate and to obtain a reduced airflow
for normal ventilation. Fans providing refrigeration machinery room
temperature control or automatic response to refrigerant vapor are
allowed to be automatically controlled to provide intermittent
ventilation as conditions require.
EXCEPTION: Where a refrigerating system is located outdoors more than 20 feet (6096 mm) from any building opening and is enclosed by a penthouse, lean-to or other open structure, natural
or mechanical ventilation shall be provided. Location of the openings shall be based on the relative density of the refrigerant to air. The free-aperture cross section for the
ventilation of the machinery room shall be not less than:
F = G
For SI: F = 0.138 G
where:
F = the free opening area in square feet (m2).
G = the mass of refrigerant in pounds (kg) in the largest
system, any part of which is located in the machinery
room.
1105.9.1 Discharge location. The discharge of the air shall be to the
outdoors in accordance with Chapter 5. Exhaust from mechanical
ventilation systems shall be discharged not less than 20 feet (6096 mm)
from a property line or openings into buildings.
1105.9.2 Supply air. Provisions shall be made for supply air to replace
that being exhausted. Openings for supply air shall be located to avoid
intake of exhaust air. Air supply and exhaust ducts to the machinery
room shall serve no other area, shall be constructed in accordance with
Chapter 5 and shall be covered with corrosion-resistant screen of not
less than 1/4-inch (6.4 mm) mesh. The supply air shall be taken from
directly outside the building. Intakes shall be fitted with backdraft
dampers or similar approved flow control means to prevent reverse flow.
1105.9.3 Quantity--normal ventilation. During occupied conditions the
mechanical ventilation system shall exhaust the larger of the following:
1. Not less than 0.5 cfm per square foot (0.0025 m3/s m2) of
machinery room area or 20 cfm (0.009 m3/s) per person; or
2. A volume required to maintain a maximum temperature rise of
18F. (-7.8C.) based on all of the heat-producing machinery
in the room.
1105.9.4 Quantity--emergency conditions. Upon actuation of the
refrigerant detector required in Section 1105.5, the mechanical
ventilation system shall exhaust air from the machinery room in the
following quantity:
Q = 100 x G
For SI: Q = 0.07 x G
where:
Q = the airflow in cubic feet per minute (m3/s).
G = the design mass of refrigerant in pounds (kg) in the
largest system, any part of which is located in the
machinery room.
1105.10 Termination of relief devices. In the equipment room, pressure
relief devices, fusible plugs and purge systems shall terminate outside
of the structure at a location not less than 15 feet (4572 mm) above the
adjoining grade level and not less than 20 feet (6096 mm) from any
window, ventilation opening or exit.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 51-32-1106 Machinery room, special requirements.
1106.1 General. Where required by Table 1104.2(1), the machinery room
shall meet the requirements of this section in addition to the
requirements of Section 1105.
1106.2 Elevated temperature. There shall not be an open flame-producing
device or continuously operating hot surface over 800F. (427C.)
permanently installed in the room.
1106.3 Construction requirements. The machinery room shall be separated
from other occupied space with smoke-tight, 1-hour fire-resistance-rated
construction.
1106.4 Opening protectives. Opening protection between the machinery
room and other occupied spaces shall be approved, self-closing, tight-fitting fire doors with a minimum fire-resistance-rating of 3/4 hour.
1106.5 Pipe penetrations. All pipe penetrations of the interior walls,
ceiling or floor of machinery rooms shall be sealed vapor tight and
protected in accordance with the building code.
1106.6 Exterior openings. Openings in exterior walls of machinery rooms
shall not be located under any exit, stairway or exit discharge.
1106.7 Egress. Exits shall comply with Uniform Building Code Section 1020-Special Hazards.
Each machinery room shall be provided with a minimum of one exit
door that opens directly to the outside.
EXCEPTION: Self-closing, tight-fitting doors opening into a vestibule leading directly outside.
1106.8 Ammonia room ventilation. Ventilation equipment in ammonia
machinery rooms shall be operated continuously.
EXCEPTIONS: 1. Machinery rooms equipped with a refrigerant vapor detector that will automatically start the ventilation system and actuate an alarm at a detection level not to exceed 1,000 ppm; or
2. Machinery rooms conforming to the Class 1, Division 2, hazardous location classification requirements of NFPA 70.
1106.9 Flammable refrigerants. Where refrigerants of Groups A2, A3, B2
and B3 are used, the machinery room shall conform to the Class 1,
Division 2, hazardous location classification requirements of NFPA 70.
EXCEPTION: Ammonia machinery rooms.
1106.10 Remote controls. Remote control of the mechanical equipment
located in the machinery room shall be provided at an approved location
immediately outside the machinery room and adjacent to its principal
entrance.
1106.10.1 Refrigeration system. A clearly identified switch of the
break-glass-type shall provide off-only control of all electrically
energized equipment in the machinery room, other than refrigerant leak
detectors and machinery room ventilation.
1106.10.2 Ventilation system. Mechanical ventilation systems shall have
switches to control power to each fan. The switches shall be key
operated or within a locked glass-covered enclosure at an approved
location adjacent to and outside of the principal entrance to the
machinery room. Necessary keys shall be located in a single approved
location. Switches controlling fans providing intermittent or emergency
ventilation shall be of the three-position, automatic/on/off type.
Switches shall be labeled identifying both function and specific fan
controlled. Two-colored and labeled indicator lamps responding to the
differential pressure created by the air flow shall be provided for each
switch. One lamp shall indicate flow, the other shall indicate no flow.
1106.10.3 Emergency control box. An emergency control box shall be
provided as required by IIAR 2-1992 Section 5.4. Emergency control boxes
shall be designed and constructed to the standards of IIAR 2-1992
Appendix A except as modified by Uniform Fire Code Article 6307.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 51-32-1107 Refrigerant piping.
1107.1 General. All refrigerant piping shall be installed, tested and
placed in operation in accordance with this chapter.
1107.2 Pipe enclosures. Rigid or flexible metal enclosures or pipe
ducts shall be provided for soft, annealed copper tubing and used for
refrigerant piping erected on the premises and containing other than
Group A1 or B1 refrigerants. Enclosures shall not be required for
connections between condensing units and the nearest riser box(es),
provided such connections do not exceed 6 feet (1829 mm) in length.
1107.3 Condensation. All refrigerating piping and fittings, brine
piping and fittings that, during normal operation, will reach a surface
temperature below the dew point of the surrounding air, and are located
in spaces or areas where condensation will cause a safety hazard to the
building occupants, structure, electrical equipment or any other
equipment, shall be protected in an approved manner to prevent such
damage.
1107.4 Materials for refrigerant pipe and tubing. Piping materials
shall be as set forth in Sections 1107.4.1 through 1107.4.5.
1107.4.1 Steel pipe. Carbon steel pipe with a wall thickness not less
than Schedule 80 shall be used for Group A2, A3, B2 or B3 refrigerant
liquid lines for sizes 1 1/2 inches (38 mm) and smaller. Carbon steel
pipe with a wall thickness not less than Schedule 40 shall be used for
Group A1 or B1 refrigerant liquid lines 6 inches (152 mm) and smaller,
Group A2, A3, B2 or B3 refrigerant liquid lines sizes 2 inches (51 mm)
through 6 inches (152 mm), and all refrigerant suction and discharge
lines 6 inches (152 mm) and smaller. Type F steel pipe shall not be used
for refrigerant lines having an operating temperature less than -20F.
(-29C.).
1107.4.2 Copper and brass pipe. Standard iron-pipe size, copper and red
brass (not less than 80 percent copper) pipe shall conform to ASTM B 42
and ASTM B 43.
1107.4.3 Copper tube. Copper tube used for refrigerant piping erected
on the premises shall be seamless copper tube of Type ACR (hard or
annealed) complying with ASTM B 280. Where approved, copper tube for
refrigerant piping erected on the premises shall be seamless copper tube
of Type K, L or M (drawn or annealed) in accordance with ASTM B 88.
Annealed temper copper tube shall not be used in sizes larger than a 2-inch (51 mm) nominal size. Mechanical joints shall not be used on
annealed temper copper tube in sizes larger than 7/8-inch (22 mm) OD
size.
1107.4.4 Copper tube joints. Copper tubing joints used in refrigerating
systems containing Group A2, A3, B2 or B3 refrigerants shall be brazed.
Soldered joints shall not be used in such refrigerating systems.
1107.4.5 Aluminum tube. Type 3003-0 aluminum tubing with high-pressure
fittings shall not be used with methyl chloride and other refrigerants
known to attack aluminum.
1107.5 Joints and refrigerant-containing parts in air ducts. Joints and
all refrigerant-containing parts of a refrigerating system located in an
air duct of an air-conditioning system carrying conditioned air to and
from humanly occupied space shall be constructed to withstand, without
leakage, a pressure of 150 percent of the higher of the design pressure
or pressure relief device setting.
1107.6 Exposure of refrigerant pipe joints. Refrigerant pipe joints
erected on the premises shall be exposed for visual inspection prior to
being covered or enclosed.
1107.7 Stop valves. All systems containing more than 6.6 pounds (3 kg)
of a refrigerant in systems using positive-displacement compressors,
shall have stop valves installed as follows:
1. At the inlet of each compressor, compressor unit or condensing
unit.
2. At the discharge outlet of each compressor, compressor unit or
condensing unit and of each liquid receiver.
EXCEPTIONS: 1. Systems that have a refrigerant pumpout function capable of storing the entire refrigerant charge in a receiver or heat exchanger.
2. Systems that are equipped with provisions for pumpout of the refrigerant using either portable or permanently installed recovery equipment.
3. Self-contained systems.
1107.7.1 Liquid receivers. All systems containing 100 pounds (45 kg)
or more of a refrigerant, other than systems utilizing nonpositive
displacement compressors, shall have stop valves, in addition to those
required by Section 1107.7, on each inlet of each liquid receiver. Stop
valves shall not be required on the inlet of a receiver in a condensing
unit, nor on the inlet of a receiver which is an integral part of the
condenser.
1107.7.2 Copper tubing. Stop valves used with soft annealed copper
tubing or hard-drawn copper tubing 7/8-inch (22 mm) OD standard size or
smaller shall be securely mounted, independent of tubing fastenings or
supports.
1107.7.3 Identification. Stop valves shall be identified where their
intended purpose is not obvious. Numbers shall not be used to label the
valves, unless a key to the numbers is located near the valves.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 51-32-1108 Field test.
1108.1 General. Every refrigerant-containing part of every system that
is erected on the premises, except compressors, condensers, vessels,
evaporators, safety devices, pressure gauges and control mechanisms that
are listed and factory tested, shall be tested and proved tight after
complete installation, and before operation. Tests shall include both
the high- and low-pressure sides of each system at not less than the
lower of the design pressures or the setting of the pressure-relief
device(s). The design pressures for testing shall be those listed on the
condensing unit, compressor or compressor unit nameplate, as required by
ASHRAE 15-1994.
EXCEPTIONS: 1. Gas bulk storage tanks that are not permanently connected to a refrigeration system.
2. Systems erected on the premises with copper tubing not exceeding 5/8-inch (16 mm) OD, with wall thickness as required by ASHRAE 15-1994, shall be tested in accordance with Section 1108.1, or by means of refrigerant charged into the system at the saturated vapor pressure of the refrigerant at 70F. (21C.) or higher.
3. Limited-charge systems equipped with a pressure relief device, erected on the premises, shall be tested at a pressure not less than one and one-half times the pressure setting of the relief device. If the equipment has been tested by the manufacturer at one and one-half times the design pressure, the test after erection on the premises shall be conducted at the design pressure.
4. Where a compressor is used as a booster to obtain an intermediate pressure and discharges into the suction side of another compressor, the booster compressor shall be considered a part of the low side, provided that it is protected by a pressure relief device.
5. In field-testing systems using centrifugal or other nonpositive displacement compressors, the entire system shall be considered as the low-side pressure for field test purposes.
1108.2 Test gases. Tests shall be performed with an inert dried gas
including, but not limited to, nitrogen or carbon dioxide. Oxygen, air,
toxic or combustible gases, and mixtures containing such gases, shall not
be used.
1108.3 Test apparatus. The means used to build up the test pressure
shall have either a pressure-limiting device or a pressure-reducing
device and a gauge on the outlet side.
1108.4 Declaration. A certificate of test shall be provided for all
systems containing 55 pounds (25 kg) or more of refrigerant. The
certificate shall give the name of the refrigerant and the field test
pressure applied to the high side and the low side of the system. The
certification of test shall be signed by the installer and shall be made
part of the public record.
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ARTICLE 63--REFRIGERATION
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-34-6301 Scope.
6301.1 This article shall govern the design, installation, construction
and repair of refrigeration systems that vaporize and liquify a fluid
during the refrigerating cycle. Refrigerant piping design and
installation, including pressure vessels and pressure relief devices,
shall conform to this code. Permanently installed refrigerant storage
systems and other components shall be considered as part of the
refrigeration system to which they are attached.
6301.2 Refrigeration unit and system installations having a refrigerant
circuit containing more than 220 pounds (100 kg) of Group A1 or 30 pounds
(13.6 kg) of any other group refrigerant shall be in accordance with
Article 63 and the Mechanical Code. See the Mechanical Code for
refrigerant group descriptions. See also Sections 8001.1.2 and 8002.
EXCEPTION: The chief is authorized to exempt temporary or portable installations.
6301.3 Refrigeration systems shall comply with the requirements of this
code and, except as modified by this code, ASHRAE 15 - 1994. Ammonia
refrigerating systems shall comply with this code and, except as modified
by this code, ASHRAE 15 - 1994 and IIAR 2 - 1992.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 51-34-6302 Classification.
Refrigerants shall be classified into groups in accordance with the
Mechanical Code. See Appendix VI-F.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 51-34-6303 Definitions.
For definitions of IMMEDIATELY DANGEROUS TO LIFE AND HEALTH (IDLH), LOWER FLAMMABILITY LIMIT (LFL), PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT (PEL) and REFRIGERANT, See Article 2. For refrigerant groups, see Appendix VI-F.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 51-34-6304 Permits and plans.
For a permit to install or operate a refrigeration system, see Section
105, Permit r.2. When required by the chief, applications for permits
shall also be in accordance with Section 8001.3.
Plans and specifications for devices and systems required by Article
63 shall be submitted to the fire department for review and approval
prior to installation.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 51-34-6305 Installation and maintenance.
Refrigeration systems shall be installed and maintained in a safe manner
which will minimize the life, health, and fire hazard of the
installation. Installation shall be in accordance with the Mechanical
Code. Also see Sections 6313.2.4 and 6320.2.
Refrigeration systems shall be safely maintained in an operable
condition, free from accumulations of oil, dirt, waste, excessive
corrosion, other debris, or leaks.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 51-34-6306 Access.
Refrigeration systems shall be accessible to the fire department at all
times as required by the chief. See also Sections 6310.2 and 6315.3.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 51-34-6307 Emergency control box.
6307.1 Location. When required by Article 63 or the Mechanical Code,
control boxes shall be located outside of the building adjacent to a
street or at an approved accessible location. All portions of the
control box shall be 6 feet (1829 mm) or less above the adjoining grade.
6307.2 Valve Operational Procedure. Valves and switches shall be
adequately identified as to the sequential procedure to be followed in
the event of an emergency.
6307.3 Control Boxes. Control boxes shall be of iron or steel not less
than 0.055 inch (1.4 mm) (16 gage) thickness and provided with a hinged
cover and lock.
6307.4 Identification. Control boxes shall be provided with a permanent
label on the outside cover reading FIRE DEPARTMENT - EMERGENCY CONTROL
BOX and including the name of the refrigerant in the system. Hazard
identification in accordance with U.F.C. Standard 79-3 shall be posted
inside and outside of the control box.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 51-34-6308 Treatment and flaring systems for discharge.
6308.1 General.
6308.1.1 Applicability. Refrigeration systems which are designed to
discharge refrigerant vapor to atmosphere shall be provided with an
approved treatment or flaring system when required by Section 6308.1.
Also see Section 6314.1.
EXCEPTIONS: 1. Ammonia systems complying with Section 6309.
2. Ammonia absorption systems serving a single dwelling unit.
6308.1.2 Toxic and Highly Toxic Refrigerants. Systems containing
refrigerants which are toxic or highly toxic shall discharge vapor to
atmosphere only through an approved treatment system. Treatment systems
shall be in accordance with Sections 8003.3.1.3.5.1, 8003.3.1.3.5.2 and
8003.3.1.3.5.3.
6308.1.3 Flammable Refrigerants. Systems containing refrigerants which
are flammable shall discharge vapor to the atmosphere only through an
approved treatment or flaring system. Flaring systems shall be in
accordance with Section 6308.2.
6308.2 Flaring System Design Requirements. Flaring systems for
incineration of flammable refrigerants shall be designed to incinerate
the entire discharge. The products of refrigerant incineration shall not
pose health or environmental hazards. Incineration shall be automatic
upon initiation of discharge, shall be designed to prevent blowback, and
shall not expose structures or materials to threat of fire. Standby
fuel, such as LP-gas, and standby power shall have the capacity to
operate for one and one half the required time for complete incineration
of refrigerant in the system.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 51-34-6309 Ammonia discharge.
Ammonia refrigeration systems shall be designed and installed in
accordance with ASHRAE 15 - 1994 Section 9.7.8.2, Ammonia Discharge.
EXCEPTION: An emergency discharge is not required for ammonia-water absorption unit systems installed outdoors provided that the discharge is shielded and dispersed.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 51-34-6310 Refrigeration machinery rooms.
6310.1 When Required. Where required by UMC Table 1104.2(1), a
machinery room shall be provided to enclose refrigeration systems located
indoors. Access to the machinery room shall be restricted to authorized
personnel. For rooms where occupational exposure could occur, see WAC
296-62-07515 and 296-62-3112.
6310.2 Dimensions. A machinery room shall be dimensioned so as to
provide clearances required by UMC Chapter 3. There shall be clear head
room of not less than 7 feet 3 inches (2210 mm).
6310.3 Exits. Exits shall comply with Uniform Building Code Section 1020 - Special Hazards.
Each machinery room shall be provided with a minimum of one exit
door that opens directly to the outside.
EXCEPTION: Self-closing, tight-fitting doors opening into a vestibule leading directly outside.
6310.4 Refrigerant-vapor Alarms. Machinery rooms shall contain a
refrigerant vapor detector with an audible and visual alarm. The
detector, or a sampling tube that draws air to the detector, shall be
located in an area where refrigerant vapor from a leak will concentrate.
The alarm shall be actuated at a value not greater than the corresponding
TLV - TWA values shown in UMC Table 1104.1. Detectors and alarms shall
be placed in approved locations.
EXCEPTION: Detectors are not required for ammonia systems complying with UMC Section 1106.8.
6310.5 Separation. Refrigeration machinery rooms shall be separated
from other portions of the building as required in the special hazards
provisions of the Building Code. Penetrations shall be sealed to inhibit
the passage of refrigerant vapor.
6310.6 Combustion Air and Return Air. Combustion air or return air
shall not be taken from or through a refrigeration machinery room.
EXCEPTIONS: 1. Refrigeration machinery rooms used exclusively for direct-fired absorption equipment.
2. Direct-vented combustion equipment.
6310.7 Special Requirements. Open flames that use combustion air from
the machinery room shall not be installed in a machinery room.
EXCEPTIONS: 1. Matches, lighters, halide leak detectors and similar devices.
2. Where the refrigerant is carbon dioxide or water.
3. Fuel burning equipment shall not be prohibited in the same machinery room with refrigerant - containing equipment where combustion air is ducted from outside the machinery
room and sealed in such a manner as to prevent any refrigerant leakage from entering the combustion chamber, or where a refrigerant vapor detector is employed to automatically
shut off the combustion process in the event of refrigerant leakage.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 51-34-6311 Refrigeration machinery room ventilation.
6311.1 General. Machinery rooms shall be mechanically ventilated to the
outdoors. Mechanical ventilation shall be capable of exhausting the
minimum quantity of air both at the normal operating and emergency
conditions. Multiple fans or multispeed fans shall be allowed in order
to produce the emergency ventilation rate to obtain a reduced airflow for
normal ventilation.
EXCEPTION: Where a refrigerating system is located outdoors more than 20 feet (6096 mm) from any building opening and is enclosed by a penthouse, lean - to or other structure, natural
or mechanical ventilation shall be provided in accordance with UMC Section 1105.9.
6311.2 Distribution of Ventilation. Provisions shall be made for supply
air to replace that being exhausted. Openings for supply air shall be
located to avoid intake of exhaust air. Air supply and exhaust ducts to
the machinery room shall comply with the provisions of UMC Section
1105.9.
6311.3 Intermittent Control of Ventilation Systems. Fans providing
refrigeration machinery room temperature control or automatic response
to refrigerant vapor are allowed to be automatically controlled to
provide intermittent ventilation as conditions require.
6311.4 Emergency Control of Ventilation Systems. Fans providing
emergency purge ventilation for refrigerant escape shall have a clearly
identified switch of the break-glass type providing on-only control
immediately adjacent to and outside of each refrigerant machinery room
exit. Purge fans shall also respond automatically to the refrigerant
concentration detection system set to activate the ventilation system at
values not greater than the corresponding TLV - TWA values shown in UMC
Table 1104.1. Ventilation equipment in ammonia machinery rooms equipped
with a refrigerant vapor detector that will automatically start the
ventilation system and actuate an alarm may be set at detection levels
which exceed those in UMC Table 1104.1 but such detection level setting
shall not exceed 1,000 ppm. An emergency purge control shall be provided
with a manual reset only.
6311.5 Central Control of Ventilation Systems. Mechanical ventilation
systems shall have switches to control power to each fan. The switches
shall be key operated or within a locked glass-covered enclosure at an
approved location adjacent to and outside of the principal entrance to
the machinery room. Necessary keys shall be located in a single approved
location. Switches controlling fans providing continuous ventilation
shall be of the two-position, on/off type. Switches controlling fans
providing intermittent or emergency ventilation shall be of the three-position, automatic/on/off type. Switches shall be labeled identifying
both function and specific fan controlled. Two-colored and labeled
indicator lamps responding to the differential pressure created by air
flow shall be provided for each switch. One lamp shall indicate flow,
the other shall indicate no flow.
6311.6 Ventilation Discharge. Exhaust from mechanical ventilation
systems shall be discharged 20 feet (6096 mm) or more from a property
line or openings into buildings. Also see Section 6308.
6311.7 Fans. Fans and associated equipment intended to operate the
emergency purge of other than Group A1 or Group B1 refrigerants shall
meet the requirements for a Class I, Division 1 hazardous location as
specified in the Electrical Code.
EXCEPTION: Ammonia machinery rooms.
6311.8 Ventilation Intake. Makeup-air intakes to replace the exhaust
air shall be provided to the refrigeration machinery room directly from
outside the building. Intakes shall be located as required by the
Mechanical Code and fitted with backdraft dampers or similar approved
flow-control means to prevent reverse flow. Distribution of makeup air
shall be arranged to provide thorough mixing within the refrigeration
machinery room to prevent short circuiting of the makeup air directly to
the exhaust.
6311.9 Ventilation Rate. Ventilation rate shall be in accordance with
the Building and Mechanical Codes.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 51-34-6312 Refrigerated process and storage areas.
Refrigerant quantities in evaporators and piping within rooms or spaces used exclusively for processing or storage of materials under refrigerated conditions shall not be limited provided that exiting is provided in accordance with the Building Code for special hazards and:
1. The refrigerated room or space is equipped with a refrigerant vapor-detection and alarm system complying with Section 6313, and
2. The refrigerated room or space is sealed from all other portions
of the building by vaportight construction and tightfitting, gasketed
doors.
EXCEPTION: Adjoining refrigerated rooms need not be separated by vaportight construction.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 51-34-6313 Detection and alarm systems.
6313.1 General. When required by this article, approved refrigerant
vapor-detection devices shall be connected to alarm systems utilizing
listed fire alarm signaling devices capable of generating a sound level
of at least 15dB above the operating ambient sound pressure level of the
space in which they are installed and providing an approved, distinctive
audible and visual alarm. See Sections 6314.1 and 8003.1.15.
6313.2 Detection Thresholds.
6313.2.1 Alarm. Refrigerant vapor alarms shall be activated at a value
not greater than the corresponding TLV - TWA values shown in UMC Table
1104.1.
EXCEPTION: Alarms in ammonia machinery rooms may be activated by a detector setting not to exceed 1,000 ppm when the activation of the detector will automatically start the ventilation
system.
6313.2.2 Power and Supervision. Detection and alarm systems shall be
powered and supervised as required for fire alarm systems in accordance
with U.F.C. Standard 10-2.
6313.2.3 Monitoring and Annunciation. Detection and alarm systems shall
be remotely annunciated at an approved constantly attended location as
required for fire alarm systems in accordance with Article 10.
6313.2.4 Installation and Maintenance. Detection and alarm systems
shall be installed and maintained as required for fire alarm systems in
accordance with Article 10 and U.F.C. Standards 10-2 and 10-4. Also see
Section 6320.1.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 51-34-6314 Refrigeration machinery room equipment and controls.
6314.1 General. Equipment, piping, ducts, vents or similar devices
which are not essential for the refrigeration process, maintenance of the
equipment, or illumination, ventilation, or fire protection of the room
shall not be placed in or pass through a refrigeration machinery room.
Equipment essential to the refrigeration process often includes, but
is not always limited to, the following: refrigeration compressors;
condensing units; pumps, associated piping and automatic control valves
for refrigerant, condenser water, and brine or chilled water;
refrigeration control devices and panels; machinery room ventilation
equipment; cooling towers or portions thereof; refrigerant receivers and
accumulators; refrigerant vapor-detection and alarm systems; machinery
room fire sprinkler system exclusive of shutoff valves; machinery room
lighting and service receptacles; and motor control centers and
electrical panels for machinery room systems.
6314.2 Electrical. Electrical equipment and installations shall comply
with the Electrical Code. The refrigeration machinery room shall not be
required to be classified as a hazardous location for electrical
equipment except as provided in the Mechanical Code and Article 63.
6314.3 Storage. Storage of materials in a refrigeration machinery room
shall be in accordance with other applicable articles of this code.
6314.4 Emergency Control. A clearly identified switch of the break-glass type providing off-only control of electrically energized equipment
and devices within the refrigeration machinery room shall be provided
immediately adjacent to and outside of each refrigeration machinery room
exit.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 51-34-6315 Refrigerant control valves.
6315.1 Location. Stop valves shall be installed in the refrigerant
piping of a refrigeration system at the following locations:
1. At the inlet and outlet of a positive-displacement-type compressor, compressor unit or condensing unit,
2. At the refrigerant outlet from a liquid receiver, and
3. At the refrigerant inlet of a pressure vessel containing liquid
refrigerant and having an internal gross volume exceeding 3 cubic feet
(85 L).
EXCEPTIONS: 1. Systems with nonpositive-displacement compressors.
2. Systems having a pump-out receiver for storage of the charge.
3. Systems containing less than 110 pounds (50 kg) of Group A1 refrigerant.
4. Self-contained systems do not require a stop valve at the inlet of the receiver.
6315.2 Support. Stop valves installed in copper refrigerant lines of
7/8 inch (22 mm) or less outside diameter shall be securely supported
independently of the tubing or piping.
6315.3 Access. Stop valves required by Section 6315 shall be readily
accessible from the refrigeration machinery room floor or a level
platform.
6315.4 Identification. Stop valves shall be identified by tagging in
accordance with Section 6319. A valve chart shall be mounted under glass
at an approved location near the principal entrance to a refrigeration
machinery room.
6315.5 Piping Identification. Piping shall be identified in accordance
with Section 6319. The type of refrigerant, function and pressure shall
be indicated.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 51-34-6316 Protection from mechanical damage.
Refrigeration systems and portions thereof shall not be located in an
elevator shaft, dumbwaiter shaft, or a shaft having moving objects
therein, nor in a location where they will be subject to mechanical
damage. Equipment subject to vehicular damage shall be protected in
accordance with Section 8001.9.3.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 51-34-6317 Electrical.
6317.1 General. Electrically energized components of refrigeration
systems shall conform to the Electrical Code. See also Section 6314.2.
6317.2 Secondary Source. When treatment, detection or alarm systems are
required, such systems shall be connected to a secondary source of power
to automatically supply electrical power in the event of loss of power
from the primary source. See Electrical Code.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 51-34-6318 Instructions.
The person in charge of premises on which a refrigeration unit or system
is installed shall provide an approved card located in the emergency
control box designating:
1. Instructions for suspending operation of the system in the event of an emergency,
2. The name, address, and emergency telephone numbers to obtain emergency service,
3. The name, address, and telephone number of the fire department with instructions to notify the fire department in the event of an emergency,
4. The names, addresses, and telephone numbers of all corporate, local, state, and federal agencies to be contacted as required in the event of a reportable incident, and,
5. The location and operation of emergency discharge systems when
such systems are required by Article 63.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 51-34-6319 Emergency signs and labels.
Refrigeration units or systems shall be provided with approved emergency
signs, charts, and labels in accordance with the Mechanical Code, U.F.C.
Standard 79-3, and the Mechanical Code (see U.M.C. Standard 11-2). See
also Appendix VI-F.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 51-34-6320 Testing of equipment.
6320.1 Acceptance Testing. The following emergency devices or systems
shall be tested to demonstrate their safety and effectiveness upon
completion or alteration:
1. Treatment and flaring systems,
2. Ammonia diffusion systems,
3. Valves and appurtenances necessary to the operation of emergency refrigeration control boxes,
4. Fans and associated equipment intended to operate emergency purge ventilation systems, and
5. Detection and alarm systems.
Fire alarm systems shall be tested in accordance with U.F.C.
Standards 10-2 and 10-4.
6320.2 Periodic Testing. The following emergency devices or systems
shall be tested in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and
as required by the chief:
1. Treatment and flaring systems,
2. Valves and appurtenances necessary to the operation of emergency refrigeration control boxes,
3. Fans and associated equipment intended to operate emergency purge ventilation systems, and
4. Detection and alarm systems. See Section 6313.2.4.
Also see Section 6305.
6320.3 Records. A written record of required testing shall be
maintained on the premises.
6320.4 Frequency of Testing. Unless otherwise required by the chief,
testing frequency shall be in accordance with Section 6320.2.
6320.5 Personnel Qualifications. Tests of emergency devices or systems
required by Article 63 shall be conducted by approved persons.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 51-34-6321 Notification of discharges.
The fire department shall be notified immediately upon discharge of
refrigerant, whether automatic or manual. Refrigerant shall not be
discharged except in an emergency. Notification shall comply with
Section 8001.5.2.2.
EXCEPTIONS: 1. Refrigeration systems operating at pressures below atmospheric and incorporating automatic purge cycles.
2. Incidental operation of automatic pressure-relief valves resulting in minor release of the refrigerant charge.
3. Incidental minor releases associated with service operations after system pump down has been accomplished.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 51-34-6322 Storage, handling and use.
Flammable and combustible materials shall not be stored in machinery
rooms. Storage, use, and handling of extra refrigerant or refrigerant
oils shall be as required by other articles of this code. See Articles
74, 75, 79, and 80 for storage, use, and handling other than within
refrigeration systems.
EXCEPTION: Spare parts, tools, and incidental materials necessary for the safe and proper operation and maintenance of the system.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 51-34-6323 Changing of refrigerant type.
Refrigerant types shall not be changed without prior notification and
approval of the chief.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 51-34-6324 Records.
The person in charge of the premises on which a refrigeration unit or
system subject to these regulations is installed or maintained shall keep
a written record of refrigerant quantities brought onto and removed from
the premises. Such records shall be available to the fire department.
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