PERMANENT RULES
LABOR AND INDUSTRIES
Purpose: The forklift and other powered industrial trucks rule, chapter 296-863 WAC, has been rewritten and reorganized for clarity and ease of use for the employer and employees. This will make the requirements easier to read and understand. Requirements pertaining to rough terrain forklift trucks have been updated to reflect criteria of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Minimum side railroad track clearance requirements have been increased to equal those stipulated by the Washington Utilities and Transportation Commission.
Citation of Existing Rules Affected by this Order: Amending WAC 296-24-47511 Liquefied petroleum gas as a motor fuel; and repealing WAC 296-24-230 Powered industrial trucks, 296-24-23001 Definition, 296-24-23003 General requirements, 296-24-23005 Designations, 296-24-23007 Designated locations, 296-24-23009 Converted industrial trucks, 296-24-23011 Safety guards, 296-24-23013 Fuel handling and storage, 296-24-23015 Changing and charging storage batteries, 296-24-23017 Lighting for operating areas, 296-24-23019 Control of noxious gases and fumes, 296-24-23021 Dockboards (bridge plates), 296-24-23023 Trucks and railroad cars, 296-24-23025 Operator training, 296-24-23027 Powered industrial truck operations, 296-24-23029 Traveling, 296-24-23031 Loading, 296-24-23033 Operation of the truck, 296-24-23035 Maintenance of industrial trucks, and 296-24-23037 Appendix 1 stability of powered industrial trucks nonmandatory appendix.
Statutory Authority for Adoption: RCW 49.17.010, 49.17.040, 49.17.050, 49.17.060.
Adopted under notice filed as WSR 04-08-039 on March 30, 2004.
Changes Other than Editing from Proposed to Adopted Version: WAC 296-863-20020 Protect operators from falling objects.
The exception has been clarified.
WAC 296-863-30010 Inspect your PITs.
A note has been added for clarity.
WAC 296-863-40060 Make sure work platforms and PITs used to
lift people meet these requirements.
Sentence has been modified for clarity.
Number of Sections Adopted in Order to Comply with Federal Statute: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0; Federal Rules or Standards: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0; or Recently Enacted State Statutes: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0.
Number of Sections Adopted at Request of a Nongovernmental Entity: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0.
Number of Sections Adopted on the Agency's Own Initiative: New 40, Amended 1, Repealed 20.
Number of Sections Adopted in Order to Clarify, Streamline, or Reform Agency Procedures: New 40, Amended 1, Repealed 20.
Number of Sections Adopted Using Negotiated Rule Making: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0; Pilot Rule Making: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0; or Other Alternative Rule Making: New 40, Amended 1, Repealed 20.
Date Adopted: September 14, 2004.
Paul Trause
Director
OTS-7036.1
REPEALER
The following sections of the Washington Administrative Code are repealed:
| WAC 296-24-230 | Powered industrial trucks. |
| WAC 296-24-23001 | Definition. |
| WAC 296-24-23003 | General requirements. |
| WAC 296-24-23005 | Designations. |
| WAC 296-24-23007 | Designated locations. |
| WAC 296-24-23009 | Converted industrial trucks. |
| WAC 296-24-23011 | Safety guards. |
| WAC 296-24-23013 | Fuel handling and storage. |
| WAC 296-24-23015 | Changing and charging storage batteries. |
| WAC 296-24-23017 | Lighting for operating areas. |
| WAC 296-24-23019 | Control of noxious gases and fumes. |
| WAC 296-24-23021 | Dockboards (bridge plates). |
| WAC 296-24-23023 | Trucks and railroad cars. |
| WAC 296-24-23025 | Operator training. |
| WAC 296-24-23027 | Powered industrial truck operations. |
| WAC 296-24-23029 | Traveling. |
| WAC 296-24-23031 | Loading. |
| WAC 296-24-23033 | Operation of the truck. |
| WAC 296-24-23035 | Maintenance of industrial trucks. |
| WAC 296-24-23037 | Appendix 1 stability of powered industrial trucks nonmandatory appendix. |
OTS-7037.1
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 99-17-094, filed 8/17/99,
effective 12/1/99)
WAC 296-24-47511
Liquefied petroleum gas as a motor
fuel.
(1) Application.
(a) This section applies to internal combustion engines, fuel containers, and pertinent equipment for the use of liquefied petroleum gases as a motor fuel on easily movable, readily portable units including self-propelled vehicles.
(b) Fuel containers and pertinent equipment for internal combustion engines using liquefied petroleum gas where installation is of the stationary type are covered by WAC 296-24-47509. This section does not apply to containers for transportation of liquefied petroleum gases nor to marine fuel use. All requirements of WAC 296-24-47505 apply to this section, unless otherwise noted in WAC 296-24-47505.
(2) General.
(a) Fuel may be used from the cargo tank of a truck while in transit, but not from cargo tanks on trailers or semitrailers. The use of fuel from the cargo tanks to operate stationary engines is permitted providing wheels are securely blocked.
(b) Passenger-carrying vehicles shall not be fueled while passengers are on board.
(c) ((Industrial trucks (including lift trucks) equipped
with permanently mounted fuel containers shall be charged
outdoors. Charging equipment shall comply with the provisions
of WAC 296-24-47517.)) Reserved.
(d) LP-gas fueled industrial trucks shall comply with the Standard for Type Designations, Areas of Use, Maintenance and Operation of Powered Industrial Trucks, NFPA 505-1969.
(e) Engines on vehicles shall be shut down while fueling if the fueling operation involves venting to the atmosphere.
(3) Design pressure and classification of fuel containers.
(a) Except as covered in (3)(b) and (c) of this section, containers shall be in accordance with Table H-32.
(b) ((Fuel containers for use in industrial trucks
(including lift trucks) shall be either DOT containers
authorized for LP-gas service having a minimum service
pressure of 240 p.s.i.g or minimum Container Type 250. Under
1950 and later ASME Codes, this means a 312.5-p.s.i.g design
pressure container.)) Reserved.
| Minimum design pressure of container lb. per sq. in. gage |
|||
| Container type | For gases with vapor press. Not to exceed lb. per sq. in. gage at 100°F. (37.8°C.) | 1949 and earlier editions of ASME Code (Par. U-68, U-69) | 1949 edition of ASME Code (Par. U-200, 1U-201); 1950, 1952, 1956, 1959, 1962, 1965, and 1968 (Division I) editions of ASME Code; All editions of API-ASME Code2 |
| 2001 | 215 | 200 | 250 |
| 1 Container type may be increased by increments of 25. The minimum design pressure of containers shall be 100% of the container type designation when constructed under 1949 or earlier editions of the ASME Code (Par. U-68 and U-69). The minimum design pressure of containers shall be 125% of the container type designation when constructed under: (1) The 1949 ASME Code (Par. U-200 and U-201), (2) 1950, 1952, 1956, 1959, 1962, 1965, and 1968 (Division I) editions of the ASME Code, and (3) all editions of the API-ASME Code. | |
| 2 Construction of containers under the API-ASME Code is not authorized after July 1, 1961. |
(d) All container inlets and outlets except safety relief valves and gaging devices shall be labeled to designate whether they communicate with vapor or liquid space. (Labels may be on valves.)
(4) Installation of fuel containers.
(a) Containers shall be located in a place and in a manner to minimize the possibility of damage to the container. Containers located in the rear of trucks and buses, when protected by substantial bumpers, will be considered in conformance with this requirement. Fuel containers on passenger-carrying vehicles shall be installed as far from the engine as is practicable, and the passenger space and any space containing radio equipment shall be sealed from the container space to prevent direct seepage of gas to these spaces. The container compartment shall be vented to the outside. In case the fuel container is mounted near the engine or the exhaust system, the container shall be shielded against direct heat radiation.
(b) Containers shall be installed with as much clearance as practicable but never less than the minimum road clearance of the vehicle under maximum spring deflection. This minimum clearance shall be to the bottom of the container or to the lowest fitting on the container or housing, whichever is lower.
(c) Permanent and removable fuel containers shall be securely mounted to prevent jarring loose, slipping, or rotating, and the fastenings shall be designed and constructed to withstand static loading in any direction equal to twice the weight of the tank and attachments when filled with fuel using a safety factor of not less than four based on the ultimate strength of the material to be used. Field welding, when necessary, shall be made only on saddle plates, lugs or brackets, originally attached to the container by the tank manufacturer.
(d) Fuel containers on buses shall be permanently installed.
(e) Containers from which vapor only is to be withdrawn shall be installed and equipped with suitable connections to minimize the accidental withdrawal of liquid.
(5) Valves and accessories.
(a) Container valves and accessories shall have a rated working pressure of at least 250 p.s.i.g., and shall be of a type suitable for liquefied petroleum gas service.
(b) The filling connection shall be fitted with an approved double back-pressure check valve, or a positive shutoff in conjunction with an internal back-pressure check valve. On a removable container the filler valve may be a hand operated shutoff valve with an internal excess flow valve. Main shutoff valves on the container on liquid and vapor must be readily accessible.
(c) With the exceptions of (5)(d)(iii) of this section, filling connections equipped with approved automatic back-pressure check valves, and safety relief valves, all connections to the containers having openings for the flow of gas in excess of a No. 54 drill size shall be equipped with approved automatic excess flow valves to prevent discharge of content in case connections are broken.
(d) Liquid-level gaging devices:
(i) Variable liquid-level gages which require the venting of fuel to the atmosphere shall not be used on fuel containers of industrial trucks (including lift trucks).
(ii) On portable containers that may be filled in the vertical and/or horizontal position, the fixed liquid-level gage shall indicate maximum permitted filling level for both vertical and horizontal filling with the container oriented to place the safety relief valve in communication with the vapor space.
(iii) In the case of containers used solely in farm tractor service and charged at a point at least 50 feet from any important building, the fixed liquid-level gaging device may be so constructed that the outward flow of container content exceeds that passed by a No. 54 drill size opening, but in no case shall the flow exceed that passed by a No. 31 drill-size opening. An excess flow valve is not required. Fittings equipped with such restricted drill size opening and container on which they are used shall be marked to indicate the size of the opening.
(iv) All valves and connections on containers shall be adequately protected to prevent damage due to accidental contact with stationary objects or from loose objects thrown up from the road, and all valves shall be safeguarded against damage due to collision, overturning or other accident. For farm tractors where parts of the vehicle provide such protection to valves and fittings, the foregoing requirements shall be considered fulfilled. However, on removable type containers the protection for the fittings shall be permanently attached to the container.
(v) (Exchange of removable fuel containers preferably should be done outdoors but may be done indoors.) When removable fuel containers are used, means shall be provided in the fuel system to minimize the escape of fuel when the containers are exchanged. This shall be accomplished by one of the following methods:
(A) Using an approved automatic quick-closing coupling (a type closing in both directions when uncoupled) in the fuel line, or
(B) Closing the valve at the fuel container and allowing the engine to run until the fuel in the line is consumed.
(6) Piping -- Including pipe, tubing, and fittings.
(a) Pipe from fuel container to first-stage regulator shall be not less than schedule 80 wrought iron or steel (black or galvanized), brass or copper; or seamless copper, brass, or steel tubing. Steel tubing shall have a minimum wall thickness of 0.049 inch. Steel pipe or tubing shall be adequately protected against exterior corrosion. Copper tubing shall be types K or L or equivalent having a minimum wall thickness of 0.032 inch. Approved flexible connections may be used between container and regulator or between regulator and gas-air mixer within the limits of approval. The use of aluminum pipe or tubing is prohibited. In the case of removable containers an approved flexible connection shall be used between the container and the fuel line.
(b) All piping shall be installed, braced, and supported so as to reduce to a minimum the possibility of vibration strains or wear.
(7) Safety devices.
(a) Spring-loaded internal type safety relief valves shall be used on all motor fuel containers.
(b) The discharge outlet from safety relief valves shall be located on the outside of enclosed spaces and as far as practicable from possible sources of ignition, and vented upward within 45 degrees of the vertical in such a manner as to prevent impingement of escaping gas upon containers, or parts of vehicles, or on vehicles in adjacent lines of traffic. A rain cap or other protector shall be used to keep water and dirt from collecting in the valve.
(c) When a discharge line from the container safety relief valve is used, the line shall be metallic, other than aluminum, and shall be sized, located, and maintained so as not to restrict the required flow of gas from the safety relief valve. Such discharge line shall be able to withstand the pressure resulting from the discharge of vapor when the safety relief valve is in the full open position. When flexibility is necessary, flexible metal hose or tubing shall be used.
(d) Portable containers equipped for volumetric filling may be filled in either the vertical or horizontal position only when oriented to place the safety relief valve in communication with the vapor space.
(e) WAC 296-24-47505 (10)(l) for hydrostatic relief valves shall apply.
(8) Vaporizers.
(a) Vaporizers and any part thereof and other devices that may be subjected to container pressure shall have a design pressure of at least 250 p.s.i.g.
(b) Each vaporizer shall have a valve or suitable plug which will permit substantially complete draining of the vaporizer. It shall be located at or near the lowest portion of the section occupied by the water or other heating medium.
(c) Vaporizers shall be securely fastened so as to minimize the possibility of becoming loosened.
(d) Each vaporizer shall be permanently marked at a visible point as follows:
(i) With the design pressure of the fuel-containing portion in p.s.i.g.
(ii) With the water capacity of the fuel-containing portion of the vaporizer in pounds.
(e) Devices to supply heat directly to a fuel container shall be equipped with an automatic device to cut off the supply of heat before the pressure inside the fuel container reaches 80 percent of the start to discharge pressure setting of the safety relief device on the fuel container.
(f) Engine exhaust gases may be used as a direct source of heat supply for the vaporization of fuel if the materials of construction of those parts of the vaporizer in contact with exhaust gases are resistant to the corrosive action of exhaust gases and the vaporizer system is designed to prevent excessive pressures.
(g) Vaporizers shall not be equipped with fusible plugs.
(9) Gas regulating and mixing equipment.
(a) Approved automatic pressure reducing equipment shall be installed in a secure manner between the fuel supply container and gas-air mixer for the purpose of reducing the pressure of the fuel delivered to the gas-air mixer.
(b) An approved automatic shutoff valve shall be provided in the fuel system at some point ahead of the inlet of the gas-air mixer, designed to prevent flow of fuel to the mixer when the ignition is off and the engine is not running. In the case of industrial trucks and engines operating in buildings other than those used exclusively to house engines, the automatic shutoff valve shall be designed to operate if the engine should stop. Atmospheric type regulators (zero governors) shall be considered adequate as an automatic shutoff valve only in cases of outdoor operation such as farm tractors, construction equipment, irrigation pump engines, and other outdoor stationary engine installations.
(c) The source of the air for combustion shall be completely isolated from the passenger compartment, ventilating system, or air-conditioning system.
(10) Stationary engines in buildings. Stationary engines and gas turbines installed in buildings, including portable engines used instead of or to supplement stationary engines, shall comply with the Standard for the Institution and Use of Stationary Combustion Engines and Gas Turbines, NFPA 37-1970, and the appropriate provisions of WAC 296-24-47505 through 296-24-47509.
(11) Portable engines in buildings.
(a) Portable engines may be used in buildings only for emergency use, except as provided by (11) of this section.
(b) Exhaust gases shall be discharged to outside the building or to an area where they will not constitute a hazard.
(c) Provision shall be made to supply sufficient air for combustion and cooling.
(d) An approved automatic shutoff valve shall be provided in the fuel system ahead of the engine, designed to prevent flow of fuel to the engine when the ignition is off or if the engine should stop.
(e) The capacity of LP-gas containers used with such engines shall comply with the applicable occupancy provision of WAC 296-24-47507(5).
(12) Industrial trucks inside buildings.
(a) ((LP-gas-fueled industrial trucks are permitted to be
used in buildings and structures.)) Reserved.
(b) ((No more than two LP-gas containers shall be used on
an industrial truck for motor fuel purposes.)) Reserved.
(c) ((LP-gas-fueled industrial trucks are permitted to be
used in buildings frequented by the public, when occupied by
the public. The total water capacity of containers on each
industrial truck shall not exceed 105 pounds (nominal 45
pounds LP-gas).)) Reserved.
(d) Trucks shall not be left unattended in areas occupied by the public.
(e) ((Industrial trucks shall not be parked and left
unattended in areas of possible excessive heat or sources of
ignition.)) Reserved.
(13) Garaging LP-gas-fueled vehicles.
(a) LP-gas-fueled vehicles may be stored or serviced inside garages provided there are no leaks in the fuel system and the fuel tanks are not filled beyond the maximum filling capacity specified in WAC 296-24-47505 (12)(a).
(b) LP-gas-fueled vehicles being repaired in garages shall have the container shutoff valve closed except when fuel is required for engine operation.
(c) Such vehicles shall not be parked near sources of heat, open flames, or similar sources of ignition or near open pits unless such pits are adequately ventilated.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, [49.17].040 and [49.17].050. 99-17-094, § 296-24-47511, filed 8/17/99, effective 12/1/99; Order 73-5, § 296-24-47511, filed 5/9/73 and Order 73-4, § 296-24-47511, filed 5/7/73.]
OTS-7043.4
FORKLIFTS AND OTHER POWERED INDUSTRIAL TRUCKS
Fork trucks.
Forklifts.
Tractors.
Platform lift trucks.
Motorized hand trucks.
Other specialized industrial trucks.
Definition:
A powered industrial truck (PIT) is a mobile, power-driven vehicle used to carry, push, pull, lift, stack, or tier material.
| Exemption: | This chapter does not apply to: |
| Compressed air-powered industrial trucks. | |
| Nonflammable compressed gas-operated industrial trucks. | |
| Vehicles covered by chapter 296-307 WAC, Safety standards for agriculture. | |
| Vehicles intended primarily for earth moving or over-the-road hauling. |
[]
Summary:
Your responsibility:
To make sure PITs are properly designed, constructed, and equipped.
You must:
Design and construction
Make sure PITs meet design and construction requirements
Meet these requirements when modifying or altering PITs
Labeling
Make sure PITs are properly labeled
Equipment
Protect operators from falling objects
Provide fall protection on order pickers
Provide directional lights when required
Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) PITs
Make sure liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) fueled PITs meet these requirements
Meet these requirements when converting gasoline fuel PITs to liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) fuel
[]
You must:
Make sure PITs meet American National Standards Institute (ANSI) design and construction requirements.
Make sure PITs manufactured before March 1, 2000, meet the requirements of ANSI B56.1-1969, Safety Standards for Powered Industrial Trucks.
Make sure PITs manufactured on or after March 1, 2000, meet the requirements of ANSI B56.1-1993, Safety Standards for Powered Industrial Trucks.
Make sure rough terrain forklift trucks manufactured on or after January 1, 2005, meet the design and construction requirements of ANSI B56.6-1992, Safety Standard for Rough Terrain Forklift Trucks.
| Note: | There may be a nameplate on the PIT or a statement in the instruction manual indicating that the PIT meets the requirement of the appropriate ANSI standard. If in doubt, check with the manufacturer. |
Purchasing copies by writing:
American National Standards Institute
11 West 42nd Street
New York, NY 10036
OR
Contacting the ANSI website at www.ansi.org.
[]
You must:
Have written approval from the PIT manufacturer before making any modifications to the PIT that:
Change the relative position of the various parts of the PIT from what they were when originally received from the manufacturer.
Add extra parts not provided by the PIT manufacturer.
Eliminate any parts.
Affect capacity or safe operation.
| Exemption: | This does not apply to converting PITs from gasoline to LPG fuel. |
Make sure any modifications or additions to the PIT are shown on the plates, tags, or decals to reflect any changes in the PITs:
Capacity.
Operation.
Maintenance instructions.
[]
You must:
Make sure all PIT nameplates as well as any stickers, stencils or marks that relate to the stability and safety of the PIT are:
In place.
Legible.
| Note: | PITs should have a nameplate installed by the manufacturer that contains at least the following information: |
| Model and serial number. | |
| Approximate weight of the PIT. | |
| Certification that the manufacturer has met the mandatory requirements of ANSI B56.1 Safety Standards for Powered Industrial Trucks. | |
| Type designation to show the PIT meets the applicable requirements of a nationally recognized testing laboratory. |
Make sure PITs approved for hazardous (classified) locations have a label or some other identifying mark indicating acceptance by a nationally recognized testing laboratory.
Make sure PITs with front-end attachments, including fork extensions, are marked to:
Identify the attachment.
Show the approximate combined weight of the PIT and attachment.
Show the maximum capacity of the PIT with attachments at their highest elevation and the load laterally centered.
[]
You must:
Use an overhead guard to protect operators from falling objects such as small packages, boxes, and bagged material.
| Exemption: | A high lift rider truck may be operated without the guard, providing all of the following conditions are met: |
| Vertical movement of the lifting mechanism is restricted to seventy-two inches (1800 mm) or less from the ground. | |
| The high lift rider truck will operate only in an area where: | |
| The top of a tiered load will not be more than one hundred twenty inches (3000 mm) high. | |
| The bottom of a tiered load will not be more than seventy-two inches (1800 mm) high. | |
| Only stable loads are handled. | |
| The operator is protected from objects falling from high stack areas. |
| Note: | The overhead guard is not intended to withstand the impact of a maximum capacity load of the PIT. |
Equip all high lift rider trucks with overhead guards that meet the design and construction requirements of American National Standards Institute (ANSI) B56.1-1993, Safety Standards for Powered Industrial Trucks.
Use a vertical load backrest extension to keep all or any part of the load from falling backwards towards the operator if the load presents a hazard.
[]
You must:
Make sure order pickers have either:
Standard guardrails on all open sides;
OR
A safety harness and lanyard that are connected to a tie off point that has been approved by the PIT manufacturer.
Make sure personal fall arrest equipment meets the requirements of WAC 296-24-87035, Appendix C -- Personal fall arrest systems.
[]
You must:
Provide PITs with directional lighting if the general lighting is less than two lumens per square foot.
| Note: | Lighting levels can be measured with a light meter. |
| Conversion information: One foot-candle = one lumen incident per square foot = 10.76 lux. |
[]
You must:
Use fuel containers that meet either of the following minimum requirements:
A U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) approved container authorized for LP-gas service that has a minimum service pressure of two hundred forty pounds per square inch gage (psig);
OR
A container Type 250 that has a design pressure of 312.5 psig.
Make sure fuel containers do not use variable liquid-level gages that require venting fuel to the atmosphere.
Make sure the fuel system of PITs used inside buildings:
Has an approved automatic shutoff valve, located ahead of the inlet of the gas-air mixer, that will stop the flow of fuel to the mixer if the engine stops;
AND
Use not more than two LP-gas fuel containers.
Make sure the fuel system of PITs used outdoors has an approved automatic shutoff valve, located ahead of the inlet of the gas-air mixer, that will stop the flow of fuel to the mixer if both:
The ignition is OFF.
The engine is not running.
| Note: | You may use an atmospheric type regulator (zero governor) as a shutoff valve if the PIT is used outdoors. |
[]
You must:
Make sure PITs originally approved to use gasoline for fuel that are then converted to LPG fuel:
Meet the requirements for LP or LPS designated PITs;
AND
Are converted using only approved equipment.
Definitions:
LP refers to liquefied petroleum gas-powered trucks that, in addition to meeting all the requirements for type G trucks, have minimum acceptable safeguards against inherent fire hazards.
LPS refers to liquefied petroleum gas powered trucks that in addition to meeting the requirements for LP type trucks, have additional exhaust, fuel, and electrical systems safeguards.
| Note: | Tables 1, 2, and 3 list the types of PITs and the locations where they can be used safely. |
| The description of the component parts of the conversion system and the recommended method of installation on specific PITs are contained in the "Listed by Report" provided by the testing laboratory. |
[]
Summary:
Your responsibility:
To make sure PITs are kept in safe condition and properly serviced.
| References: | Appropriate respiratory protection may need to be used when operating PITs. See chapter 296-841 WAC, Respiratory hazards, for more information. |
| Appropriate PPE may need to be worn. See WAC 296-800-160 in the Safety and Health Core Rules for more information. |
Inspect, repair and maintain PITs
Make sure PITs are in safe working condition
Inspect your PITs
Meet these requirements when repairing PITs
Maintain your PITs properly
Service your PITs
Service gasoline fueled PITs safely
Service liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) fueled PITs safely
Make sure battery charging areas are safe
Service batteries for electric PITs safely
[]
You must:
Remove any PIT from service that is not in safe operating condition.
Immediately remove PITs from service that have any of the following problems, and do not return them to service until the cause of the problem has been eliminated:
A leak in the fuel system.
A clogged water muffler screen or other muffler part.
An exhaust system that is emitting hazardous sparks or flames.
A part that is hotter than its normal operating temperature thus creating a hazardous condition.
[]
You must:
Inspect PITs according to the manufacturer's instructions.
Inspect PITs at these times:
Daily before being put into service;
AND
After each shift, if the PIT is used on a continuous (twenty-four-hour) basis.
| Note: | You can designate someone on the off-going shift, on-coming shift, or some other person to do the inspection. |
Report and correct any deficiencies noted during the inspection.
[]
You must:
Make sure repairs are made by authorized persons.
Make sure replacement parts are equivalent to the parts used in the original design.
Make sure repairs are not made in Class I, II, or III locations. See Tables 1, 2, and 3 for more information.
Definitions:
Class I locations are areas where flammable gases or vapors are or may be present in the air in quantities sufficient to produce explosive or ignitible mixtures.
Class II locations are areas where the presence of combustible dust could be sufficient to produce explosions.
Class III locations are areas where the presence of easily ignitible fibers are suspended in the air but are not in large enough quantities to produce ignitible mixtures.
You must:
Make sure fuel and ignition system repairs that involve fire hazards are made only in locations designated for such repairs.
Disconnect the battery before starting repairs to a PIT electrical system.
Close the fuel container shutoff valve before repairing an LP-gas fueled PIT in a garage.
| Exemption: | The container shutoff valve may be left open if it is necessary to run the engine. |
[]
You must:
Maintain PITs according to this chapter and the manufacture's instructions.
Keep PITs:
Clean.
Free of excess lint, oil, and grease.
Take appropriate precautions to protect employees from the hazards associated with the cleaning agents or solvents used.
Precautions could include methods such as ventilation.
Make sure solvents used for cleaning PITs have a flash point of 100° Fahrenheit or more.
[]
You must:
Handle and store liquid fuels, such as gasoline and diesel fuel, according to the National Fire Protection Association Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code (NFPA No. 30-1996).
| Note: | National Fire Protection Association codes are available by: |
| Purchasing copies by writing: | |
| National Fire Protection Association | |
| 1 Batterymarch Park | |
| Quincy, MA 02169-7471 | |
| OR | |
| Contacting the NFPA website at www.nfpa.org. |
Stop the engine before filling a fuel tank.
Avoid spilling fuel during servicing.
Make sure you do not use open flames to check the gasoline level in fuel tanks.
Do the following before restarting the engine after fueling:
Put on the fuel tank cap.
Make sure spilled oil or fuel is completely washed away or evaporated.
[]
You must:
Handle and store liquefied petroleum gas fuel according to the National Fire Protection Association Storage and Handling of Liquefied Petroleum Gases (NFPA No. 58-1998).
Shut down the engine while fueling.
Fuel PITs equipped with permanently mounted fuel containers outdoors.
Make sure filling fuel containers from industrial bulk storage containers is done at least:
Ten feet from the nearest masonry-walled building.
Twenty-five feet from the nearest building or other construction.
Twenty-five feet from any building opening.
Make sure PITs are stored or serviced inside garages only when:
There are no leaks in the fuel system;
AND
The fuel tanks are not filled beyond the maximum filling density specified in WAC 296-24-47505 (12)(a), Storage and handling of liquefied petroleum gases.
| Reference: | See chapter 296-24 WAC, Part F-1, for LPG charging equipment requirements and maximum filling density and LPG service stations. |
[]
You must:
Make sure battery charging areas are designated and provided with all of the following:
Means to flush and neutralize spilled electrolyte.
Fire protection.
Ventilation that is adequate to disperse fumes from gassing batteries.
Prohibit smoking in battery charging areas.
Take precautions to prevent open flames, sparks, or electric arcs in battery charging areas.
Protect battery charging equipment from being damaged by PITs.
Provide at least one of the following to handle batteries:
Conveyor.
Overhead hoist.
Other equivalent material handling equipment.
[]
You must:
Make sure PITs are properly positioned with the brake on before charging or changing batteries.
Make sure you do not use open flames to check the electrolyte level in storage batteries.
Do the following when charging batteries:
Make sure vent caps are functioning.
Open the battery or compartment covers to dissipate heat.
Pour acid into water, never pour water into acid.
Provide a carboy tilter or siphon to handle electrolyte.
Keep tools and other metallic objects away from the top of uncovered batteries.
Make sure reinstalled batteries are properly positioned and secured.
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Summary:
Your responsibility:
To operate your PITs safely.
You must:
General operations
Protect employees around PITs
Operate PITs safely
Make sure PIT loads are carried safely
Meet these requirements when the operator leaves the normal operating position
Meet these requirements when operating near railroad tracks
Special operations
Meet this requirement when using motorized hand trucks
Meet these requirements when using elevators
Meet these requirements when using dockboards (bridge plates)
Meet these requirements when loading or unloading railroad cars with a PIT
Meet these requirements when loading or unloading highway trucks with PITs
Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) fueled PITs
Meet these additional requirements when operating liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) fueled PITs
Personnel lifting
Make sure work platforms and PITs used to lift people meet these requirements
Operate PITs using elevated work platforms safely
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You must:
Make sure operators use restraint devices, such as seatbelts or lap-bars, when they are provided on the PIT.
Make sure you do not allow people:
Under the elevated part of any PIT, whether it is loaded or empty;
To put any part of their body between the uprights of the mast;
OR
Outside the running lines of the PIT.
Make sure you do not allow unauthorized people to ride
on PITS.
Make sure people riding on PITs have a safe place to ride.
Make sure you do not allow stunt driving or horseplay.
Make sure PITs are not driven up to anyone in front of a bench or other fixed object.
Make sure access to fire aisles, stairways, and fire equipment is kept clear.
Make sure there is sufficient headroom under overhead installations such as lights, pipes, and sprinkler systems to safely operate PITs.
| Reference: | PIT operations may cause the airborne concentration levels of carbon monoxide gas to increase. You have to keep the concentration levels below the levels specified in chapter 296-841 WAC, Respiratory hazards. |
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You must:
Operate PITs according to the manufacturer's instructions.
Make sure PIT operators do all of the following:
Obey all traffic regulations, including authorized workplace speed limits.
Yield the right of way to ambulances, fire trucks, and other vehicles in emergency situations.
Keep a safe distance of approximately three truck lengths from the PIT ahead.
Look in the direction they are going and keep a clear view of their path of travel.
Slow down and sound the horn at cross aisles and other locations where vision is obstructed.
Do not pass other PITs traveling in the same direction at intersections, blind spots, or other dangerous locations.
Keep a safe distance from the edge of ramps or platforms while on any of the following:
&sqbul; Elevated docks.
&sqbul; Elevated platforms.
&sqbul; Freight cars.
Make sure operators keep PITs under control at all times, including doing all of the following:
Drive at a speed that allows the PIT to be stopped safely.
Drive more slowly on wet or slippery floors.
Reduce speed to a safe level while turning.
Avoid driving over loose objects.
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You must:
(1) Make sure loads are stable, safe and within the rated load capacity of the PIT.
(2) Do both of the following when picking up a load:
Place the load engaging means under the load as far as possible.
Tilt the mast carefully backwards to stabilize the load.
(3) Make sure not to tilt the load engaging means forward when it is elevated unless:
Picking up a load;
OR
Depositing a load on a rack or stack.
(4) Do both of the following when traveling with a load:
Keep the load trailing if it obstructs the operator's forward view.
Travel with the load upslope when climbing or descending slopes of more than ten percent.
(5) Do both of the following when climbing a slope:
Tilt the load and load engagement means backwards if necessary to stabilize the load;
AND
Raise the load and load engagement means only as far as necessary to clear the surface.
(6) Make sure PITS with attachments are operated as partially loaded trucks, even if they are not carrying a load.
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You must:
Make sure operators do the following when getting off the PIT:
Fully lower the load engaging means.
Neutralize the controls.
Set the brakes.
Make sure operators do the following when leaving a PIT unattended:
Fully lower the load engaging means.
Neutralize the controls.
Shut off power.
Set the brakes.
Block the wheels, if parked on an incline.
| Note: | A PIT is unattended when the operator: |
| Is more than twenty-five feet away; | |
| OR | |
| Can not see the PIT. |
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You must:
Make sure PITs are driven diagonally across railroad tracks, whenever possible.
Make sure PITs are parked eight feet six inches or more from the center of any railroad tracks.
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You must:
Make sure motorized hand trucks enter elevators and other confining areas with the load end forward.
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You must:
Do both of the following when driving PITs onto an elevator:
Approach slowly.
Enter the elevator squarely after the elevator car is leveled.
Do all the following after the PIT is positioned on the elevator:
Neutralize the controls.
Shut off the power.
Set the brakes.
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You must:
Make sure dockboards are not overloaded:
Make sure they are strong enough to carry the load imposed on them.
Make sure loads do not exceed the dockboard's rated capacity.
Do the following when using dockboards:
Drive slowly and carefully over dockboards.
Properly secure dockboards before driving on them.
Make sure powered dockboards meet the design and construction requirements of U.S. Department of Commerce Commercial Standard CS 202-56 (1961) "Industrial Lifts and Hinged Loading Ramps."
Do the following when using portable dockboards:
Use anchors or other devices that will prevent slipping.
Make sure they have handholds or other effective means for safe handling.
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You must:
Check the railroad car flooring for breaks or weakness before driving on it.
Set the brakes and use wheel stops or other recognized positive protection to keep railcars from moving:
During loading or unloading operations;
OR
While dockboards (bridge plates) are in position.
Meet these requirements when using PITs to open or close freight car doors:
The PIT has to have an approved device specifically designed to open and close doors.
The device has to be designed so that force will be applied to the door parallel to door travel.
The PIT operator has to be trained to use the device and have full view of the operation.
People must be kept clear while the door is being moved.
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You must:
Check the truck or trailer flooring for breaks or weakness before driving on it.
Prevent movement of trucks or trailers during loading or unloading by:
Setting the brakes;
AND
Chocking or blocking the wheels.
| Exemptions: | You can use mechanical means instead of wheel chocks or blocks to secure the trailer to the loading dock. |
| Wheel chocks or blocks are not required when: | |
| The mechanical means prevents the trailer from moving away from the dock. | |
| The mechanical equipment is used and maintained as recommended by the manufacturer. | |
| Damaged mechanical equipment is immediately removed from service. |
| Note: | You may need to use fixed jacks to keep a semi-trailer that is not coupled to a tractor from up ending during loading or unloading. |
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You must:
Make sure you do not park PITs near:
Sources of heat, open flames, or similar ignition sources;
OR
Open pits, such as service pits, that do not have adequate ventilation.
Make sure PITs stored inside a garage do not have:
A leak in the fuel system.
Fuel containers filled beyond the maximum filling capacity.
| Reference: | See WAC 296-24-47505(12), Storage and handling of liquefied petroleum gases, for maximum filling capacities. |
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You must:
Make sure work platforms:
Are securely fastened to the lifting carriage or forks.
Have standard guardrails and toeboards on all sides.
Guard the area between the platform and the PIT mast to prevent employee contact with chains or other shear points.
Make sure PITs used to elevate a work platform have a lift mechanism that can not drop faster than one hundred thirty five feet per minute in the event of a system failure.
Make sure the lifting carriage or forks are prevented from tilting.
| Note: | Examples of how this may be accomplished are the use of: |
| A control lever that prevents the inadvertent movement; or | |
| Use of a strap or other device to hold the control lever in position. |
Make sure PITs with controls (vertical only or horizontal and vertical) that can be elevated with the lifting carriage or forks, have a way for people on the platform to shut off power to the PIT.
| Note: | You can find the minimum requirements for standard railings of various types of construction in WAC 296-24-75011, Railings, toeboards and cover specifications. |
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You must:
Make sure the PIT operator:
Is attending the lift equipment when workers are on the platform.
Is in the normal operating position while raising or lowering the platform.
| Note: | A PIT is unattended when the operator: |
| Is more than twenty-five feet away; | |
| OR | |
| Cannot see the PIT. |
Make sure the operator does not move the PIT from one point to another while workers are on the platform.
The operator may inch or maneuver the PIT at very low speed with workers on the platform.
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Summary:
Your responsibility:
To use PITs safely in hazardous (classified) locations.
You must:
Use the appropriate approved PITs in hazardous (classified) locations
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You must:
Make sure PITS are used in hazardous (classified) locations as follows:
PITS authorized to be used in Class 1 locations are shown in Table 1, Approved PIT Use in Class 1 Locations.
PITS authorized to be used in Class 2 locations are shown in Table 2, Approved PIT Use in Class 2 Locations.
PITS authorized to be used in Class 3 locations are shown in Table 3, Approved PIT Use in Class 3 Locations.
PITS authorized to be used in unclassified locations are:
Approved PITS designated as Type D, E, G, or LP;
AND
PITs that meet the requirements of a Type D, E, G, or LP PIT.
Definitions:
An unclassified location is an area that is not designated as a Class 1, 2, or 3 location.
Designations means a code used to show the different types of hazardous (classified) locations where PITs can be safely used:
D refers to trucks that are diesel engine powered that have minimum safeguards against inherent fire hazards.
DS refers to diesel powered trucks that, in addition to meeting all the requirements for type D trucks, are provided with additional safeguards to the exhaust, fuel and electrical systems.
DY refers to diesel powered trucks that have all the safeguards of the DS trucks and, in addition, any electrical equipment is completely enclosed. They are equipped with temperature limitation features.
E refers to electrically powered trucks that have minimum acceptable safeguards against inherent fire hazards.
ES refers to electrically powered trucks that, in addition to all of the requirements for the E trucks, have additional safeguards to the electrical system to prevent emission of hazardous sparks and to limit surface temperatures.
EE refers to electrically powered trucks that have, in addition to all of the requirements for the E and ES type trucks, have their electric motors and all other electrical equipment completely enclosed.
EX refers to electrically powered trucks that differ from E, ES, or EE type trucks in that the electrical fittings and equipment are designed, constructed and assembled to be used in atmospheres containing flammable vapors or dusts.
G refers to gasoline powered trucks that have minimum acceptable safeguards against inherent fire hazards.
GS refers to gasoline powered trucks that are provided with additional exhaust, fuel, and electrical systems safeguards.
LP refers to liquefied petroleum gas-powered trucks that, in addition to meeting all the requirements for type G trucks, have minimum acceptable safeguards against inherent fire hazards.
LPS refers to liquefied petroleum gas-powered trucks that in addition to meeting the requirements for LP type trucks, have additional exhaust, fuel, and electrical systems safeguards.
| Note: | Tables 1, 2, and 3 show the type of approved PITs that can be used in the appropriate divisions and groups. |
| PITS cannot be used in divisions and groups that do not have a PIT designation listed. | |
| Approved PITs will be marked or labeled with the designation of the PIT. See WAC 296-863-20010, Make sure PITs are properly labeled. |
Table 1
Approved PIT Use in Class 1 Locations
| Class 1 Locations in which flammable gases or vapors are, or may be, present in the air in quantities sufficient to produce explosive or ignitable mixtures. |
|||||||
| Division 1 Conditions exist continuously, intermittently, or periodically under normal operating conditions. |
Division 2 Conditions may occur due to accidentally, for example, due to a puncture of a storage drum. |
||||||
| Group A | Group B | Group C | Group D | Group A | Group B | Group C | Group D |
| Acetylene | Hydrogen | Ethyl ether | Acetone Alcohols Benzene Gasoline Lacquer solvent |
Acetylene | Hydrogen | Ethyl ether | Acetone Alcohols Benzene Gasoline Lacquer solvent |
| No PIT type can be used | No PIT type can be used | No PIT type can be used | Use this
PIT type: EX |
No PIT type can be used | No PIT type can be used | No PIT type can be used | Use this
PIT type: DS DY ES EE EX GS LPS |
Table 2
Approved PIT Use in Class 2 Locations
| Class 2 Locations which are hazardous because of the presence of combustible dust. |
|||||
| Division 1 Explosive mixture may be present under normal operating conditions, or where failure of equipment may cause the condition to exist simultaneously with arcing or sparking of electrical equipment, or where dusts of an electrically conducting nature may be present. |
Division 2 Explosive mixture not normally present, but where deposits of dust may cause heat rise in electrical equipment, or where such deposits may be ignited by arcs or sparks from electrical equipment. |
||||
| Group E | Group F | Group G | Group E | Group F | Group G |
| Metal dust | Carbon black Coal dust Coke dust |
Grain dust Flour dust Starch dust Organic dust |
Metal dust | Carbon black Coal dust Coke dust |
Grain dust Flour dust Starch dust Organic dust |
| No PIT type can be used | Use this PIT
type: EX |
Use this PIT
type: EX |
No PIT type can be used | Use this PIT
type: EX DY EE |
Use this PIT
type: DS DY ES EE EX GS LPS |
Table 3
Approved PIT Use in Class 3 Locations
| Class 3 Locations where easily ignitable fibers or flyings are present but not likely to be in suspension in quantities sufficient to produce ignitable mixtures. |
|
| Division 1 | Division 2 |
| Locations in which easily ignitable fibers or materials producing combustible flyings are handled, manufactured, or used. | Locations in which easily ignitable fibers are stored or handled (except in the process of manufacture). |
| Use this PIT type: DY EE EX |
Use this PIT type: DS DY E ES EE EX GS LPS |
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Summary:
Your responsibility:
To make sure PIT operators are competent.
You must:
Operator training
Make sure PIT operators are trained
Retrain PIT operators as required
Evaluate PIT operators performance
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You must:
Make sure employees successfully complete an operator training program before operating PITs. The only time a trainee can operate a PIT is:
Under the direct supervision of a person who has the knowledge, training, and experience to train and evaluate operators;
AND
When operating the PIT does not endanger the trainee or other employees.
Make sure training is done by you or someone you designate that has the knowledge, training, and experience to:
Conduct the training;
AND
Evaluate trainee competence.
Make sure your operator training program consists of:
Formal instruction.
&sqbul; Such as lecture and discussion, interactive computer learning, video tapes, and written material.
Practical training.
&sqbul; Such as demonstrations done by the trainer and practical exercises performed by trainees.
Evaluation of trainee performance.
Make sure the initial operator training program covers the subjects in Table 4, Required Training Topics.
| Note: | If an operator has previously received training specified in Table 4, Required Training Topics, additional training in that topic is not required if: |
| The training was appropriate to the PIT and working conditions in your workplace; | |
| AND | |
| The employee has passed a PIT performance evaluation within the last three years. |
Table 4
Required Training Topics
| Topics related to powered industrial truck | Topics related to your workplace |
| Operating instructions, | Surface conditions where the PIT will be operated |
| Warnings and precautions for the types of PIT the operator will be authorized to operate | Composition of loads to be carried and load stability |
| Differences between the PIT and the automobile | Load manipulation, stacking, and unstacking |
| PIT controls and instrumentation: Where they are located, what they do, and how they work | Pedestrian traffic in areas where the PIT will be operated |
| Engine or motor operation | Narrow aisles and other restricted places where the PIT will be operated |
| Steering and maneuvering | Use of door opening and closing devices |
| Visibility (including restrictions due to loading) | Hazardous (classified) locations where the PIT will be operated |
| Fork and attachment adaptation, operation, and use limitations | Ramps and other sloped surfaces that could affect the PITs stability |
| PIT capacity | Closed environments and other areas where insufficient ventilation or poor PIT maintenance could cause a buildup of carbon monoxide or diesel exhaust |
| PIT stability | Other unique or potentially hazardous environmental conditions in the workplace that could affect safe operation |
| Any PIT inspection and maintenance that the operator will be required to perform | |
| Refueling | |
| Charging and recharging of batteries | |
| Operating limitations | |
| Any other operating instructions, warnings, or precautions listed in the operator's manual for the types of PIT that the employee is being trained to operate |
Keep written records of operator training and evaluations that include the following information:
Name of the operator.
Date of the training.
Date of the evaluation.
Name of the person giving the training or evaluation.
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You must:
Provide PIT operators refresher training if any of the following occur:
The operator is involved in an accident or near-miss incident.
The operator is seen operating the PIT in an unsafe manner.
An evaluation shows the operator is not operating the PIT safely.
The operator is assigned to drive a different type or modified PIT.
Conditions in the workplace change that could affect safe operation of the PIT.
| Note: | Refresher training is required only in those topics where the operator has been found deficient. |
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You must:
Evaluate PIT operators performance at each of these times:
As part of their initial training program.
After refresher training to determine the effectiveness of the training.
At least once every three years.
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ANSI is an acronym for the American National Standards Institute.
Authorized person (maintenance) means a person who has been designated to perform maintenance on a PIT.
Authorized person (training) means a person approved or assigned by the employer to perform training for powered industrial truck operators.
Approved means listed or approved by a nationally recognized testing laboratory or a federal agency that issues approvals for equipment such as the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA); the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH); Department of Transportation; or U.S. Coast Guard, which issue approvals for such equipment.
Bridge plate (dockboard) means a device used to span the distance between rail cars or highway vehicles and loading platforms.
Classified location or hazardous location means areas that could be hazardous because of explosive or flammable atmospheres. These locations are broken down into the following categories:
Class I locations are areas where flammable gases or vapors are or may be present in the air in quantities sufficient to produce explosive or ignitible mixtures.
Class II locations are areas where the presence of combustible dust could be sufficient to produce explosions.
Class III locations are areas where the presence of easily ignitible fibers are suspended in the air but are not in large enough quantities to produce ignitible mixtures.
Counterweight means a weight used to counteract or the load being carried by the truck, or to increase the load carrying capacity of a truck.
Designations means a code used to show the different types of hazardous (classified) locations where PITs can be safely used:
D refers to trucks that are diesel engine powered that have minimum safeguards against inherent fire hazards.
DS refers to diesel powered trucks that, in addition to meeting all the requirements for type D trucks, are provided with additional safeguards to the exhaust, fuel and electrical systems.
DY refers to diesel powered trucks that have all the safeguards of the DS trucks and, in addition, any electrical equipment is completely enclosed. They are equipped with temperature limitation features.
E refers to electrically powered trucks that have minimum acceptable safeguards against inherent fire hazards.
ES refers to electrically powered trucks that, in addition to all of the requirements for the E trucks, have additional safeguards to the electrical system to prevent emission of hazardous sparks and to limit surface temperatures.
EE refers to electrically powered trucks that have, in addition to all of the requirements for the E and ES type trucks, have their electric motors and all other electrical equipment completely enclosed.
EX refers to electrically powered trucks that differ from E, ES, or EE type trucks in that the electrical fittings and equipment are designed, constructed and assembled to be used in atmospheres containing flammable vapors or dusts.
G refers to gasoline powered trucks that have minimum acceptable safeguards against inherent fire hazards.
GS refers to gasoline powered trucks that are provided with additional exhaust, fuel, and electrical systems safeguards.
LP refers to liquefied petroleum gas-powered trucks that, in addition to meeting all the requirements for type G trucks, have minimum acceptable safeguards against inherent fire hazards.
LPS refers to liquefied petroleum gas powered trucks that in addition to meeting the requirements for LP type trucks, have additional exhaust, fuel, and electrical systems safeguards.
Electrolyte means a chemical, usually acid, that is mixed with water to produce electricity.
Flammable liquid means any liquid having a flashpoint below 100°F (37.8°C), except any mixture having components with flashpoints of 100°F (37.8°C) or higher, the total of which make up 99% or more of the total volume of the mixture.
Flashpoint means the minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off enough vapor to ignite.
Front-end attachment means a device that is attached to the forks or lifting device of the truck.
Lanyard means a flexible line of webbing, rope, or cable used to secure a harness to an anchor point.
Listed by report means a reporting listing the field assembly, installation procedures, or both, for a UL listed product that does not have generally recognized installation requirements.
Liquefied petroleum gas means any gas that is composed predominantly of the following hydrocarbons, or mixtures of them; propane, propylene, butanes (normal butane or iso-butane), and butylenes.
Load engaging means a device attached to a powered industrial truck and used to manipulate or carry a load.
Motorized hand truck means a powered truck with wheeled forks designed to go under or between pallets and is controlled by a walking or riding operator.
Nationally recognized testing laboratory means an organization recognized by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration that conducts safety tests on equipment and materials.
Order picker means a truck controlled by an operator who is stationed on a platform that moves with the load engaging means.
Powered industrial truck (PIT) means a mobile, power-driven vehicle used to carry, push, pull, lift, stack, or tier material.
Rough terrain forklift truck means a truck intended to be used on unimproved natural terrain and at construction sites.
Safety harness (full body harness) means a configuration of connected straps to distribute a fall arresting force over at least the thighs, shoulders and pelvis, with provisions for attaching a lanyard, lifeline, or deceleration devices.
Tie-off point (anchorage) means a secure point to attach a lanyard that meets the requirements of WAC 296-24-87035, Appendix -- C Personal fall arrest systems.
Vertical load backrest extension means a device that extends vertically from the fork carriage frame.
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