PERMANENT RULES
LABOR AND INDUSTRIES
Purpose: Chapter 296-864 WAC, Split (multipiece) rim and single-piece rim wheels; chapter 296-24 WAC, General safety and health; and chapter 296-155 WAC, Safety standards for construction work. The split rim rules in chapter 296-24 WAC, General safety and health standard, and chapter 296-155 WAC, Safety standards for construction workers, were rewritten and reorganized for clarity and ease of use for employers and employees. The two sections have become one rule and placed into new chapter 296-864 WAC, and repealed from chapters 296-24 and 296-155 WAC. This rule making is part of our clear rule-writing initiative to rewrite for clarity all of the safety and health rules.
Citation of Existing Rules Affected by this Order: Repealing WAC 296-24-21701 Scope, 296-24-21703 Definitions, 296-24-21705 Employee training, 296-24-21707 Tire servicing equipment, 296-24-21709 Wheel component acceptability, 296-24-21711 Safe operating procedure -- Multipiece rim wheels, 296-24-21713 Safe operating procedure -- Single-piece rim wheels, 296-155-617 Servicing multipiece and single-piece rim wheels, 296-155-61701 Scope, 296-155-61703 Definitions, 296-155-61705 Employee training, 296-155-61707 Tire servicing equipment, 296-155-61709 Wheel component acceptability, 296-155-61711 Safe operating procedure -- Multipiece rim wheels, and 296-155-61713 Safe operating procedure -- Single-piece rim wheels.
Statutory Authority for Adoption: RCW 49.17.010, 49.17.040, 49.17.050, 49.17.060.
Adopted under notice filed as WSR 04-12-071 on June 1, 2004.
Changes Other than Editing from Proposed to Adopted Version: There were two significant changes to the proposed wording. The first is located in WAC 296-864-20010, a bullet that reads, "Make sure you don't repair any rim wheel that is cracked, broken, bent, or damaged," was added. The second is located in Table 3, when inflating tires outside of a restraining device, make sure you don't exceed 5 psi to seat the bead.
The changes made between the proposed rules and the final rules were needed to correct an inadvertent error, which left two requirements out of the rule. The changes were noted and read at the hearing.
Number of Sections Adopted in Order to Comply with Federal Statute: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0; Federal Rules or Standards: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0; or Recently Enacted State Statutes: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0.
Number of Sections Adopted at Request of a Nongovernmental Entity: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0.
Number of Sections Adopted on the Agency's Own Initiative: New 23, Amended 1, Repealed 15.
Number of Sections Adopted in Order to Clarify, Streamline, or Reform Agency Procedures: New 23, Amended 1, Repealed 15.
Number of Sections Adopted Using Negotiated Rule Making: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0; Pilot Rule Making: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0; or Other Alternative Rule Making: New 23, Amended 1, Repealed 15.
Date Adopted: October 5, 2004.
Paul Trause
Director
OTS-7101.1
REPEALER
The following sections of the Washington Administrative Code are repealed:
| WAC 296-24-21701 | Scope. |
| WAC 296-24-21703 | Definitions. |
| WAC 296-24-21705 | Employee training. |
| WAC 296-24-21707 | Tire servicing equipment. |
| WAC 296-24-21709 | Wheel component acceptability. |
| WAC 296-24-21711 | Safe operating procedure -- Multipiece rim wheels. |
| WAC 296-24-21713 | Safe operating procedure -- Single-piece rim wheels. |
OTS-7103.1
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending Order 94-07, filed 7/20/94,
effective 9/20/94)
WAC 296-24-233
Motor vehicle trucks and trailers.
(1)
Only qualified drivers shall be permitted to operate motor
vehicle trucks, and shall possess a current motor vehicle
operator's license.
(2) Motor vehicle trucks must be equipped with brakes which will safely hold the maximum load on maximum grades.
(3) Trailers must be equipped with good, workable air brakes, or other type of brake equipment approved by the state commission on equipment. Air must be cut into the trailer brake system at the time that the trailer is coupled to the truck.
(4) Brakes on trucks and trailers must be tested before equipment descends a steep grade.
(5) Truck drivers shall at all times operate equipment at a safe speed for roadway conditions.
(6) Safe methods of loading and unloading motor vehicle trucks and trailers shall be observed at all times.
(7) To prevent accidents during the backing of trucks where vision is obstructed, a signalperson shall be stationed at a point giving a clear view of the rear of the truck and the operator of the truck at all times.
(8) Truck drivers shall sound their horn before starting to back, and shall sound the horn intermittently during the entire backing operation.
(9) Dump trucks shall have a device installed on the frame which will be of sufficient strength to hold the bed in the raised position when employees are working in an exposed position underneath.
(10) All parts and accessories of trucks and trailers shall be kept in good repair and safe condition. Tires worn beyond the point of safety shall not be used.
(11) All motor vehicle trucks and trailers shall be equipped with standard lights, horn, flags, flares, etc., to conform to the state of Washington motor vehicles laws.
(12) All loads transported on trucks and/or trucks and trailers shall be properly secured and distributed, and limited to a safe operating load for the condition of the roadway, and the capacity of the bridges, trestles, and other structures.
(13) ((Precautions to be taken while inflating tires. Unmounted split-rim wheels shall be placed in a safety cage or
other device shall be used which will prevent a split-rim from
striking the worker if it should dislodge while the tire is
being inflated.
(14))) Trucks parked on an incline shall have the steered wheels turned into the curb and shall have at least one "driver" wheel chocked on each side, independent of the braking system.
(((15))) (14) Motor vehicles used regularly for
transportation of workers shall be well equipped, covered
against the weather and maintained in good mechanical
condition at all times.
(a) Seats, which shall be properly secured, shall be provided in each vehicle to accommodate the total number of workers normally transported. Where it becomes necessary under emergency conditions to transport more workers than the seating capacity of the truck will accommodate, all workers not having seats shall ride within the vehicle. Under no circumstances shall workers ride on fenders or running boards of the vehicle.
(b) No workers shall ride in or on any vehicle with legs hanging over the end or sides. A safety bar should be placed across the rear opening of all trucks carrying workers which are not equipped with tail gates.
(c) Vehicles shall be equipped with compartments or screen of such strength to retain sharp tools which could present a hazard to employees being transported.
(d) All dump-trucks used to transport workers shall be equipped with an adequate safety chain or locking device which will eliminate the possibility of the body of the truck being raised while workers are riding in the truck.
(e) Explosives or highly inflammable materials shall not be carried in or on any vehicle while it is used to transport workers.
(f) Exhaust systems shall be installed and maintained in proper condition, and shall be so designed as to eliminate the exposure of the workers to the exhaust gases and fumes.
(g)(i) The number of persons allowed in the cab of a single bench seat crew truck shall not exceed two in addition to the driver. Crew trucks designed and constructed with additional seating capacity behind the normal driver's seat may carry additional passengers in the seating area behind the driver's seat. Crew trucks with bucket-type seats may carry only the number of passengers for which the bucket seats are provided. In any seating arrangement, the driver must be able to maintain full freedom of motion. Additionally, the number of passengers or seating arrangement shall not obstruct the driver's normal vision.
(ii) When trucks are designed and constructed with larger than normal seating capacity in the front seat, the total number of passengers may be increased provided that the operator's vision and control functions, as required in (15)(g)(i), are maintained.
(h) All enclosed crew trucks shall have an emergency exit in addition to the regular entrance.
(i) Trucks used for hauling gravel shall not be used as crew trucks unless they are equipped as follows:
(i) Steps in proper place or places.
(ii) Wooden floors.
(iii) Seats are securely fastened.
(iv) Truck is properly covered.
(v) All other general regulations covering crew trucks are fully conformed with.
(j) Half-ton vehicles shall haul not more than six persons including driver. Three-quarter-ton vehicles shall haul not more than eight persons including driver.
(k) All vehicles carrying crews shall be equipped with stretchers and fire extinguishers.
(l) No heating units in which there are open fires shall be used in vehicles transporting crews.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. 94-15-096 (Order 94-07), § 296-24-233, filed 7/20/94, effective 9/20/94; Order 76-29, § 296-24-233, filed 9/30/76; Order 76-6, § 296-24-233, filed 3/1/76; Order 75-11, § 296-24-233, filed 4/4/75; Order 74-27, § 296-24-233, filed 5/7/74; Order 73-5, § 296-24-233, filed 5/9/73 and Order 73-4, § 296-24-233, filed 5/7/73.]
OTS-7210.1
REPEALER
The following sections of the Washington Administrative Code are repealed:
| WAC 296-155-617 | Servicing multipiece and single-piece rim wheels. |
| WAC 296-155-61701 | Scope. |
| WAC 296-155-61703 | Definitions. |
| WAC 296-155-61705 | Employee training. |
| WAC 296-155-61707 | Tire servicing equipment. |
| WAC 296-155-61709 | Wheel component acceptability. |
| WAC 296-155-61711 | Safe operating procedure -- Multipiece rim wheels. |
| WAC 296-155-61713 | Safe operating procedure -- Single-piece rim wheels. |
OTS-7166.3
Split (Multipiece) Rim and Single-Piece Rim Wheels
| Note: | This rule is intended to protect employees from hazards associated with the exploding separation of rim wheel components. |
| This chapter applies to the protection of employees who service split rim wheels and single-piece rim wheels used on large vehicles. For example: | |
| Trucks; | |
| Tractors; | |
| Trailers; | |
| Buses; | |
| AND | |
| Off-road machines. |
| Exemption: | This chapter does not apply to the servicing of rim wheels used on: |
| Automobiles; | |
| OR | |
| Tires designated as light truck (LT). |
| Note: | The tire designation can be found on the sidewall of the tire. |
Split rim wheel or multipiece rim wheel, means a wheel made up of two or more parts. One of the parts is a side ring or locking ring that holds the tire on the wheel when the tire is inflated.
Single-piece rim wheel means a single part holds the tire, forms part of the air chamber and is the point where the wheel is attached to the vehicle axle.
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Summary:
Your responsibility:
To make sure rim wheels are serviced safely.
You must:
Make sure wheel components are compatible
Make sure rim wheels are serviced safely
Make sure damaged wheel components are not used
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You must:
Make sure tires and rim wheels are compatible before assembly.
Make sure split rim wheel components are not interchanged, except as provided in:
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) charts, "Demounting and Mounting Procedures for Truck/Bus Tires" and "Multi-Piece Rim Matching Chart,"
OR
The rim manual for that component.
| Note: | Reprints of these charts, "Demounting and Mounting Procedures for Truck/Bus Tires" and "Multi-Piece Rim Matching Chart," are available: |
| Through the WISHA Training and Outreach office at 360-902-5638. | |
| Through the OSHA area offices. The address and telephone number of the nearest OSHA area office can be obtained by looking in the local telephone directory under U.S. Government, U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration. | |
| From the OSHA website at http://www.osha.gov/pls/publications/pubindex.continue. | |
| Through U.S. Postal Service at: | |
| Publications Office | |
| U.S. Department of Labor | |
| Room N3101 | |
| Washington D.C. 20210. | |
| Telephone: 202-523-9667. |
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You must:
Inspect split rim wheel components and single-piece wheels prior to assembly.
Make sure the following are free of any dirt, surface rust, scale or loose or flaked rubber build-up prior to mounting and inflation:
Rim flanges;
Rim gutters;
Rings;
Bead seating surfaces;
AND
The bead areas of tires.
Make sure you do not heat any rim wheels at any time.
Make sure you do not repair any rim wheel that is:
Cracked;
Broken;
Bent;
OR
Damaged.
| Note: | Repair includes activities such as striking with a hammer and heating rim wheel components. |
A clip-on chuck;
An in-line valve with a pressure gauge or a presettable regulator;
AND
A sufficient length of hose between the clip-on chuck and the in-line valve, if one is used, to allow the employee to stand outside the trajectory.
| Reference: | For additional requirements relating to compressed air tools, see WAC 296-807-140, Compressed air tools, in portable power tools. |
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You must:
Make sure any wheel or wheel component that is bent out of shape, pitted from corrosion, broken or cracked is:
Not used;
Marked or tagged unserviceable;
AND
Removed from the service area.
Replace damaged or leaky valves.
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SPLIT (MULTIPIECE) RIM AND SINGLE-PIECE RIM WHEELSYour responsibility:
To make sure your restraint devices are safe.
You must:
Use a restraining device
Make sure the restraint device meets these requirements
Provide charts or rim manuals
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You must:
Use a restraining device for inflating tires on split rim wheels.
Use a restraining device or barrier for inflating tires on single-piece wheels.
| Exemption: | A restraining device or barrier is not required for single-piece rim wheels, if the rim wheel will be bolted onto a vehicle during inflation. |
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You must:
Make sure the restraining device or barrier can withstand a rim wheel separation that occurs at one hundred fifty percent of the maximum tire pressure specified.
Make sure the restraining devices and barriers will contain any components that may be thrown out during a wheel separation of any rim wheel.
Make sure restraining devices and barriers are visually inspected:
Prior to each day's use;
AND
After any separation of the rim wheel components or sudden release of air.
Make sure any restraining device or barrier that shows damage is immediately removed from service. Examples of damage include:
Cracks at welds;
Cracked or broken components;
Bent or sprung components caused by mishandling, abuse, tire explosion or rim wheel separation;
Pitting of components due to corrosion;
OR
Other structural damage that would decrease its effectiveness.
Make sure restraining devices or barriers removed from service are not used until they are repaired and reinspected.
Make sure restraining devices or barriers that need structural repair are not used until they are certified by either:
The manufacturer;
OR
A registered professional engineer.
| Note: | The certification needs to show that the barrier can withstand a force of one hundred fifty percent of the maximum tire pressure in the event of wheel separation. |
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You must:
Provide current charts or rim manuals containing instructions for the types of wheels being serviced in the service area.
Provide and use only tools recommended in the rim manual for the specific type of rim wheel being serviced.
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Your responsibility:
To establish and use procedures to service split rim wheels safely.
You must:
Establish a safe operating procedure for split rim wheels
Follow these procedures for demounting split rim wheels
Follow these procedures when working on split rim wheels and components
Follow these procedures for inflating split rim wheels
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You must:
Establish a safe operating procedure for servicing split rim wheels that includes the procedures in WAC 296-864-40010 through 296-864-40020.
Instruct employees in that procedure.
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You must:
Follow the relevant procedures in Table 1, Procedures for Deflating Split Rim Wheels.
| During these times | Then |
| Demounting rim wheels. | Make sure tires are completely deflated before demounting by removal of the valve core. |
| During either of the following situations: | Deflate the tires completely by removing the valve core, before a rim wheel is removed from the axle. |
| The tire has been driven underinflated at eighty percent or less of its recommended pressure; | |
| OR | |
| There is obvious or suspected damage to the tire or wheel components. |
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You must:
Follow the relevant procedures in Table 2, Procedures for Working on Split Rim Wheels and Components.
| During these times | Then |
| A split rim wheel is in a restraining device. | Make sure employees do not rest or lean any part of the body or equipment on or against the restraining device. |
| Assembly of the wheel and inflation of the tire. | Apply rubber lubricant to bead and rim mating surfaces, unless the tire or wheel manufacturer recommends against it. |
| After tire inflation. | Do both of the following: |
| Inspect the tire and wheel components while still within the restraining device; | |
| AND | |
| Make sure that they are properly seated and locked. | |
| When adjusting the tire or wheel components. | Deflate the tire by removal of the valve core before the adjustment is made. |
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You must:
Follow the relevant procedures in Table 3, Procedures for Inflating Split Rim Wheels.
| During these times | Then |
| Split rim wheels are being inflated. | Make sure employees stay out of the trajectory. |
| When all of the following occur: | The tire may be inflated while the rim wheel is on the vehicle. |
| A tire on a vehicle has more than eighty percent of the recommended pressure; | |
| AND | |
| Remote control inflation equipment is used; | |
| AND | |
| No employees are in the trajectory during inflation. | |
| Assembly of the wheel and inflation of the tire. | Apply rubber lubricant to bead and rim mating surfaces, unless the tire or wheel manufacturer recommends against it. |
| Inflating tires outside of a restraining device. | Make sure you do not exceed 5 psi (pounds per square inch) to seat the bead. |
| The tire is pressurized. | Make sure you don't correct the seating of side and lock rings by hammering, striking or forcing the components. |
| Note: | Employees should stay out of the trajectory as much as possible while installing the split rim wheel onto the vehicle. |
| The trajectory may deviate from its expected path. |
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To establish and use procedures to service single-piece rim wheels safely.
You must:
Establish a safe operating procedure for single-piece rim wheels
Follow these procedures for demounting single-piece rim wheels
Follow these procedures when working on single-piece rim wheel components
Follow these procedures for inflating single-piece rim wheels
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You must:
Establish a safe operating procedure for servicing single-piece rim wheels that includes the procedures in WAC 296-864-50010 through 296-864-50020.
Instruct employees in that procedure.
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You must:
Follow the relevant procedures in Table 4, Procedures for Demounting Single-Piece Wheel Components.
| During these times | Then |
| At all times. | Make sure mounting and demounting of the tire is done only from the narrow ledge side of the wheel. |
| When demounting rim wheels. | Make sure tires are completely deflated before demounting by removal of the valve core. |
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You must:
Follow the relevant procedures in Table 5, Procedures for Working on Single-Piece Wheel Components.
| During these times | Then |
| At all times. | Avoid damaging the tire beads while mounting tires on wheels. |
| At all times. | Make sure tires are mounted only on compatible wheels of matching bead diameter and width. |
| Before assembly of the rim wheel. | Apply rubber lubricant to bead and wheel mating surfaces, unless the tire or wheel manufacturer recommends against the use of any rubber lubricant. |
| When using a tire changing machine. | Make sure the tire is inflated only to the minimum pressure necessary to force the tire bead onto the rim ledge while on the tire changing machine. |
| When using a bead expander. | Make sure it is removed: |
| Before the valve core is installed; | |
| AND | |
| As soon as the rim wheel becomes airtight (the tire bead slips onto the bead seat). |
| Note: | You should not inflate tires above 40 psi to seat the bead. |
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You must:
Inflate tires only when contained within a restraining device or bolted on the vehicle with the lug nuts fully tightened.
Make sure tires are not inflated when any flat, solid surface is in the trajectory and within one foot of the sidewall.
Make sure employees stay out of the trajectory when inflating a tire.
Make sure, when inflating tires, that the inflation pressure stamped in the sidewall isn't exceeded unless the manufacturer recommends a higher pressure.
Make sure tires aren't inflated above the maximum pressure recommended by the manufacturer to seat the tire bead firmly against the rim flange.
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Your responsibility:
To train employees to service split rim and single-piece rim wheels.
You must:
Train employees who service rim wheels
Make sure employees demonstrate and retain the ability to service rim wheels safely
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Train all employees who service rim wheels.
Make sure that employees do not service any rim wheel until they have been trained and instructed in:
Correct procedures of servicing the type of wheel being worked on;
AND
The safe operating procedures described in:
&sqbul; WAC 296-864-400, Service split rim wheels safely;
AND
&sqbul; WAC 296-864-500, Service single-piece rim wheels safely.
Make sure the training program explains the hazards involved in servicing those rim wheels and the safety procedures to be followed.
Make sure the training program includes, at a minimum, the applicable data from the:
Charts;
Rim manuals;
AND
Contents of this standard.
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You must:
Make sure that each employee demonstrates the ability to service rim wheels safely, including performing the following tasks for the specified type of rim wheel in Table 6.
| Required Task | Split Rim | Single-Piece Rim |
| Demounting and deflation of tires. | X | X |
| Inspection and identification of the rim wheel components. | X | X |
| Hazards of mixing 16" and 16.5" tires and rims. | X | |
| Mounting of tires. | X | X |
| Inflation of tires with a restraining device or other safeguard required by this section. | X | X |
| Use of the restraining device or barrier, and other equipment required by this section. | X | X |
| Handling of rim wheels. | X | X |
| Inflation of the tire when a rim wheel is mounted on a vehicle. | X | |
| The hazards associated with standing in front of a split rim or single-piece rim wheel: | X | X |
| During inflation of the tire; | ||
| During inspection of the rim wheel following inflation; | ||
| AND | ||
| Installation and removal of rim wheels. |
Make sure any employee that is unable to read the charts or rim manual is effectively trained on their contents.
Evaluate each employee's ability to perform these tasks and to service rim wheels safely.
Provide additional training as necessary to make sure that each employee maintains his or her proficiency.
Helpful tool:
Training checklist
The optional training checklist can help you monitor the training status of your employees. You can find this checklist in the resources section of this chapter.
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Barrier means a fence, wall or other object placed between a single-piece rim wheel and an employee during tire inflation that will contain the components if the air in the tire is suddenly released.
Charts means:
The United States Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration publications entitled "Demounting and Mounting Procedures for Truck/Bus Tires" and "Multi-Piece Rim Matching Chart";
The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) publications entitled "Demounting and Mounting Procedures for Truck/Bus Tires" and "Multi-Piece Rim Matching Chart";
OR
Any other poster that contains at least the same instructions, safety precautions and other information contained in the charts applicable to the types of wheels being serviced.
Demounting means deflating and taking apart a tire and rim wheel.
Installing a rim wheel means the transfer and attachment of an assembled rim wheel onto a vehicle axle hub.
Mounting a tire means the putting together of the wheel and tire components to form a rim wheel, including inflation.
Restraining device is a cage or rack that will hold all rim wheel components during an explosive separation of a multipiece rim wheel or during the sudden release of air in a single-piece rim wheel.
Rim manual is a publication containing instructions from the manufacturer or other qualified organization for correct mounting, demounting, maintenance, and safety precautions for the type of wheel being serviced.
Service or servicing means the mounting and demounting of rim wheels, and related activities such as inflating, deflating, installing, removing, and handling.
Service area means any place where an employee services rim wheels.
Single-piece rim wheel means a single part holds the tire, forms part of the air chamber and is the point where the wheel is attached to the vehicle axle.
Split rim wheel or multipiece rim wheel means a wheel made up of two or more parts. One of the parts is a side ring or locking ring that holds the tire on the wheel when the tire is inflated.
Trajectory means the path that a rim wheel component may travel during an explosive separation or the sudden release of air.
Wheel means that portion of a rim wheel that attaches to the axle of a vehicle and also contains the inflated tire or tire and tube.
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