WASHINGTON STATE REGISTER

WSR 10-14-098

PROPOSED RULES

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH

[ Filed July 6, 2010, 11:51 a.m. ]

Original Notice.

Exempt from preproposal statement of inquiry under RCW 34.05.310(4).

Title of Rule and Other Identifying Information: Chapter 246-221 WAC, Radiation protection standards, chapter 246-231 WAC; Packaging and transportation of radioactive material, and chapter 246-240 WAC, Radiation protection -- Medical use of radioactive material.

Hearing Location(s): Department of Health, Town Center 2, Room 344, 111 Israel Road S.E., Tumwater, WA 98501, on August 16, 2010, at 10:00 a.m.

Date of Intended Adoption: August 17, 2010.

Submit Written Comments to: Traci Black, Office of Radiation Protection, Department of Health, P.O. Box 47827, Olympia, WA 98504-7827, traci.black@doh.wa.gov, web site http://www3.doh.wa.gov/policyreview/, fax (360) 236-2255, by August 16, 2010.

Assistance for Persons with Disabilities: Contact Joy Redman by August 9, 2010, TTY (800) 833-6388 or 711.

Purpose of the Proposal and Its Anticipated Effects, Including Any Changes in Existing Rules: The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has coordinated international agreements which have resulted in new transportation requirements for radioactive material. The United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) has amended federal transportation regulations as a result of these international agreements. The NRC has also made recent corrections and minor amendments to the rules governing the medical use of radioactive material. The proposed rule will eliminate conflicts, duplications, or gaps between the NRC and our state program.

Corrections to the table footnotes are made at the end of WAC 246-231-200. Editorial changes to match federal language are made in chapter 246-240 WAC. In addition, the proposed rules correct a typographical error in WAC 246-221-290.

Reasons Supporting Proposal: Under the formal agreement originally signed in 1966 by the governor of the state of Washington and the chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission (now the NRC), our state radiation control program is required to remain compatible with NRC's program. This is primarily done through consistency of rules from the federal to state level.

Statutory Authority for Adoption: RCW 70.98.050.

Statute Being Implemented: RCW 70.98.050.

Rule is necessary because of federal law, 69 F.R. 3697 and 71 F.R. 15005.

Name of Proponent: Department of health, governmental.

Name of Agency Personnel Responsible for Drafting: Traci Black, 111 Israel Road S.E., Tumwater, WA 98501, (360) 236-3259; Implementation and Enforcement: Terry Frazee, 111 Israel Road S.E., Tumwater, WA 98501, (360) 236-3213.

No small business economic impact statement has been prepared under chapter 19.85 RCW. Under RCW 19.85.025 and 34.05.310 (4)(c), a small business economic impact statement is not required for proposed rules that adopt or incorporate by reference - without material change - federal statutes or regulations, the rules of other Washington state agencies, or national consensus codes that generally establish industry standards.

A cost-benefit analysis is not required under RCW 34.05.328. The agency did not complete a cost-benefit analysis under RCW 34.05.328. RCW 34.05.328 (5)(b)(iii) exempts rules that adopt or incorporate by reference without material change federal statutes or regulations, the rules of other Washington state agencies, or national consensus codes that generally establish industry standards.

July 6, 2010

Mary C. Selecky

Secretary

OTS-2735.1

AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 09-06-003, filed 2/18/09, effective 3/21/09)

WAC 246-221-290 Appendix A -- Annual limits on intake (ALI) and derived air concentrations (DAC) of radionuclides for occupational exposure; effluent concentrations; concentrations for release to sanitary sewerage. For each radionuclide, Table I indicates the chemical form which is to be used for selecting the appropriate ALI or DAC value. The ALIs and DACs for inhalation are given for an aerosol with an activity median aerodynamic diameter (AMAD) of 1 µm (micron) and for three classes (D,W,Y) of radioactive material, which refer to their retention (approximately days, weeks or years) in the pulmonary region of the lung. This classification applies to a range of clearance half-times for D if less than ten days, for W from ten to one hundred days, and for Y greater than one hundred days. Table II provides concentration limits for airborne and liquid effluents released to the general environment. Table III provides concentration limits for discharges to sanitary sewerage.

Note: The values in Tables I, II, and III are presented in the computer "E" notation. In this notation a value of 6E-02 represents a value of 6 x 10^-2 or 0.06, 6E+2 represents 6 x 10² or 600, and 6E+0 represents 6 x 10⁰ or 6.

Table I "Occupational Values"

Note that the columns in Table I of this appendix captioned "Oral Ingestion ALI," "Inhalation ALI," and "DAC," are applicable to occupational exposure to radioactive material.

The ALIs in this appendix are the annual intakes of given radionuclide by "Reference Man" which would result in either: A committed effective dose equivalent of 0.05 Sv (5 rem), stochastic ALI; or a committed dose equivalent of 0.5 Sv (50 rem) to an organ or tissue, nonstochastic ALI. The stochastic ALIs were derived to result in a risk, due to irradiation of organs and tissues, comparable to the risk associated with deep dose equivalent to the whole body of 0.05 Sv (5 rem). The derivation includes multiplying the committed dose equivalent to an organ or tissue by a weighting factor, w_T. This weighting factor is the proportion of the risk of stochastic effects resulting from irradiation of the organ or tissue, T, to the total risk of stochastic effects when the whole body is irradiated uniformly. The values of w_T are listed under the definition of weighting factor in WAC 246-221-005. The nonstochastic ALIs were derived to avoid nonstochastic effects, such as prompt damage to tissue or reduction in organ function.

A value of w_T = 0.06 is applicable to each of the five organs or tissues in the "remainder" category receiving the highest dose equivalents, and the dose equivalents of all other remaining tissues may be disregarded. The following portions of the GI tract -- stomach, small intestine, upper large intestine, and lower large intestine -- are to be treated as four separate organs.

Note that the dose equivalents for an extremity, elbows, arms below the elbows, feet and lower legs, knees, and legs below the knees, skin, and lens of the eye are not considered in computing the committed effective dose equivalent, but are subject to limits that must be met separately.

When an ALI is defined by the stochastic dose limit, this value alone is given. When an ALI is determined by the non-stochastic dose limit to an organ, the organ or tissue to which the limit applies is shown, and the ALI for the stochastic limit is shown in parentheses. Abbreviated organ or tissue designations are used:

LLI wall = lower large intestine wall;

St. wall = stomach wall;

Blad wall = bladder wall; and

Bone surf = bone surface.

The use of the ALIs listed first, the more limiting of the stochastic and nonstochastic ALIs, will ensure that nonstochastic effects are avoided and that the risk of stochastic effects is limited to an acceptably low value. If, in a particular situation involving a radionuclide for which the nonstochastic ALI is limiting, use of that nonstochastic ALI is considered unduly conservative, the licensee may use the stochastic ALI to determine the committed effective dose equivalent. However, the licensee shall also ensure that the 0.5 Sv (50 rem) dose equivalent limit for any organ or tissue is not exceeded by the sum of the external deep dose equivalent plus the internal committed dose equivalent to that organ, not the effective dose. For the case where there is no external dose contribution, this would be demonstrated if the sum of the fractions of the nonstochastic ALIs (ALI_ns) that contribute to the committed dose equivalent to the organ receiving the highest dose does not exceed unity, that is, ∑ (intake (in µCi) of each radionuclide/ALI_ns) ≤ 1.0. If there is an external deep dose equivalent contribution of H_d, then this sum must be less than 1 - (H_d/50), instead of ≤ 1.0.

The derived air concentration (DAC) values are derived limits intended to control chronic occupational exposures. The relationship between the DAC and the ALI is given by:

DAC = ALI (in µCi)/(2000 hours per working year x 60 minutes/hour x 2 x 10⁴ ml per minute) = [ALI/2.4 x 10⁹] µCi/ml,

where 2 x 10⁴ ml per minute is the volume of air breathed per minute at work by Reference Man under working conditions of light work.

The DAC values relate to one of two modes of exposure: Either external submersion or the internal committed dose equivalents resulting from inhalation of radioactive materials. DACs based upon submersion are for immersion in a semi-infinite cloud of uniform concentration and apply to each radionuclide separately.

The ALI and DAC values include contributions to exposure by the single radionuclide named and any in-growth of daughter radionuclides produced in the body by decay of the parent. However, intakes that include both the parent and daughter radionuclides should be treated by the general method appropriate for mixtures.

The values of ALI and DAC do not apply directly when the individual both ingests and inhales a radionuclide, when the individual is exposed to a mixture of radionuclides by either inhalation or ingestion or both, or when the individual is exposed to both internal and external irradiation. See WAC 246-221-015. When an individual is exposed to radioactive materials which fall under several of the translocation classifications of the same radionuclide, such as, Class D, Class W, or Class Y, the exposure may be evaluated as if it were a mixture of different radionuclides.

It should be noted that the classification of a compound as Class D, W, or Y is based on the chemical form of the compound and does not take into account the radiological half-life of different radionuclides. For this reason, values are given for Class D, W, and Y compounds, even for very short-lived radionuclides.

Table II "Effluent Concentrations"

The columns in Table II of this appendix captioned "Effluents," "Air" and "Water" are applicable to the assessment and control of dose to the public, particularly in the implementation of the provisions of WAC 246-221-070. The concentration values given in Columns 1 and 2 of Table II are equivalent to the radionuclide concentrations which, if inhaled or ingested continuously over the course of a year, would produce a total effective dose equivalent of 0.50 mSv (0.05 rem).

Consideration of nonstochastic limits has not been included in deriving the air and water effluent concentration limits because nonstochastic effects are presumed not to occur at or below the dose levels established for individual members of the public. For radionuclides, where the nonstochastic limit was governing in deriving the occupational DAC, the stochastic ALI was used in deriving the corresponding airborne effluent limit in Table II. For this reason, the DAC and airborne effluent limits are not always proportional as was the case in the previous Appendix A of this chapter.

The air concentration values listed in Table II, Column 1 were derived by one of two methods. For those radionuclides for which the stochastic limit is governing, the occupational stochastic inhalation ALI was divided by 2.4 x 10⁹, relating the inhalation ALI to the DAC, as explained above, and then divided by a factor of three hundred. The factor of three hundred includes the following components: A factor of fifty to relate the 0.05 Sv (5 rem) annual occupational dose limit to the 1 mSv (0.1 rem) limit for members of the public, a factor of three to adjust for the difference in exposure time and the inhalation rate for a worker and that for members of the public; and a factor of two to adjust the occupational values, derived for adults, so that they are applicable to other age groups.

For those radionuclides for which submersion, that is external dose, is limiting, the occupational DAC in Table I, Column 3 was divided by two hundred nineteen. The factor of two hundred nineteen is composed of a factor of fifty, as described above, and a factor of 4.38 relating occupational exposure for two thousand hours per year to full-time exposure (eight thousand seven hundred sixty hours per year). Note that an additional factor of two for age considerations is not warranted in the submersion case.

The water concentrations were derived by taking the most restrictive occupational stochastic oral ingestion ALI and dividing by 7.3 x 10⁷. The factor of 7.3 x 10⁷ (ml) includes the following components: The factors of fifty and two described above and a factor of 7.3 x 10⁵ (ml) which is the annual water intake of Reference Man.

Note 2 of this appendix provides groupings of radionuclides which are applicable to unknown mixtures of radionuclides. These groupings, including occupational inhalation ALIs and DACs, air and water effluent concentrations and releases to sewer, require demonstrating that the most limiting radionuclides in successive classes are absent. The limit for the unknown mixture is defined when the presence of one of the listed radionuclides cannot be definitely excluded as being present either from knowledge of the radionuclide composition of the source or from actual measurements.

Table III "Releases to Sewers"

The monthly average concentrations for release to sanitary sewerage are applicable to the provisions in WAC 246-221-190. The concentration values were derived by taking the most restrictive occupational stochastic oral ingestion ALI and dividing by 7.3 x 10⁶ (ml). The factor of 7.3 x 10⁶ (ml) is composed of a factor of 7.3 x 10⁵ (ml), the annual water intake by Reference Man, and a factor of ten, such that the concentrations, if the sewage released by the licensee were the only source of water ingested by a Reference Man during a year, would result in a committed effective dose equivalent of 5 mSv (0.5 rem).

LIST OF ELEMENTS

Name Symbol Atomic
Number
Name Symbol Atomic
Number

Actinium Ac 89 Molybdenum Mo 42

Aluminum Al 13 Neodymium Nd 60

Americium Am 95 Neptunium Np 93

Antimony Sb 51 Nickel Ni 28

Argon Ar 18 Nitrogen N 7

Arsenic As 33 Niobium Nb 41

Astatine At 85 Osmium Os 76

Barium Ba 56 Oxygen O 8

Berkelium Bk 97 Palladium Pd 46

Beryllium Be 4 Phosphorus P 15

Bismuth Bi 83 Platinum Pt 78

Bromine Br 35 Plutonium Pu 94

Cadmium Cd 48 Polonium Po 84

Calcium Ca 20 Potassium K 19

Californium Cf 98 Praseodymium Pr 59

Carbon C 6 Promethium Pm 61

Cerium Ce 58 Protactinium Pa 91

Cesium Cs 55 Radium Ra 88

Chlorine Cl 17 Radon Rn 86

Chromium Cr 24 Rhenium Re 75

Cobalt Co 27 Rhodium Rh 45

Copper Cu 29 Rubidium Rb 37

Curium Cm 96 Ruthenium Ru 44

Dysprosium Dy 66 Samarium Sm 62

Einsteinium Es 99 Scandium Sc 21

Erbium Er 68 Selenium Se 34

Europium Eu 63 Silicon Si 14

Fermium Fm 100 Silver Ag 47

Fluorine F 9 Sodium Na 11

Francium Fr 87 Strontium Sr 38

Gadolinium Gd 64 Sulfur S 16

Gallium Ga 31 Tantalum Ta 73

Germanium Ge 32 Technetium Tc 43

Gold Au 79 Tellurium Te 52

Hafnium Hf 72 Terbium Tb 65

Holmium Ho 67 Thallium Tl 81

Hydrogen H 1 Thorium Th 90

Indium In 49 Thulium Tm 69

Iodine I 53 Tin Sn 50

Iridium Ir 77 Titanium Ti 22

Iron Fe 26 Tungsten W 74

Krypton Kr 36 Uranium U 92

Lanthanum La 57 Vanadium V 23

Lead Pb 82 Xenon Xe 54

Lutetium Lu 71 Ytterbium Yb 70

Magnesium Mg 12 Yttrium Y 39

Manganese Mn 25 Zinc Zn 30

Mendelevium Md 101 Zirconium Zr 40

Mercury Hg 80

Table 1
Occupational Values

Table II
Effluent
Concentration
Table III
Releases to
Sewers

Col. 1 Col. 2 Col. 3 Col. 1 Col. 2 Monthly
Average
Concen-
tration

Oral
Ingestion
Inhalation

Atomic No. Radionuclide Class ALI
µCi
ALI
µCi
DAC
µCi/ml
Air
µCi/ml
Water
µCi/ml

µCi/ml

1 Hydrogen-3 Water, DAC includes
skin absorption

8E+4

8E+4

2E-5

1E-7

1E-3

1E-2

Gas (HT or T₂) Submersion¹: Use above values as HT and T₂ oxidize in air and in the body to HTO.

4 Beryllium-7 W, all compounds
except those given for
Y
4E+4 2E+4 9E-6 3E-8 6E-4 6E-3

Y, oxides, halides, and nitrates - 2E+4 8E-6 3E-8 - -

4 Beryllium-10 W, see ⁷Be 1E+3 2E+2 6E-8 2E-10 - -

LLI wall (1E+3) - - - 2E-5 2E-4

Y, see ⁷Be - 1E+1 6E-9 2E-11 - -

6 Carbon-11² Monoxide - 1E+6 5E-4 2E-6 - -

Dioxide - 6E+5 3E-4 9E-7 - -

Compounds 4E+5 4E+5 2E-4 6E-7 6E-3 6E-2

6 Carbon-14 Monoxide - 2E+6 7E-4 2E-6 - -

Dioxide - 2E+5 9E-5 3E-7 - -

Compounds 2E+3 2E+3 1E-6 3E-9 3E-5 3E-4

7 Nitrogen-13² Submersion¹ - - 4E-6 2E-8 - -

8 Oxygen-15² Submersion¹ - - 4E-6 2E-8 - -

9 Fluorine-18² D, fluorides of H, Li,
Na, K, Rb, Cs, and Fr
5E+4 7E+4 3E-5 1E-7 - -

St wall
(5E+4)
- - - 7E-4 7E-3

W, fluorides of Be, Mg,
Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra, Al, Ga,
In, Tl, As, Sb, Bi, Fe,
Ru, Os, Co, Ni, Pd, Pt,
Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Hg,
Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, V, Nb,
Ta, Mn, Tc, and Re
Y, lanthanum fluoride
-
-
9E+4
8E+4
4E-5
3E-5
1E-7
1E-7
-
-

-
-

11 Sodium-22 D, all compounds 4E+2 6E+2 3E-7 9E-10 6E-6 6E-5

11 Sodium-24 D, all compounds 4E+3 5E+3 2E-6 7E-9 5E-5 5E-4

12 Magnesium-28 D, all compounds except
those given for W
7E+2 2E+3 7E-7 2E-9 9E-6 9E-5

W, oxides, hydroxides,
carbides, halides, and
nitrates
- 1E+3 5E-7 2E-9 - -

13 Aluminum-26 D, all compounds except
those given for W
4E+2 6E+1 3E-8 9E-11 6E-6 6E-5

W, oxides, hydroxides,
carbides, halides, and
nitrates
- 9E+1 4E-8 1E-10 - -

14 Silicon-31 D, all compounds except
those given for W and
Y
9E+3 3E+4 1E-5 4E-8 1E-4 1E-3

W, oxides, hydroxides,
carbides, and nitrates
Y, aluminosilicate glass
-
-
3E+4
3E+4
1E-5
1E-5
5E-8
4E-8
-
-
-
-

14 Silicon-32 D, see ³¹Si 2E+3 2E+2 1E-7 3E-10 - -

LLI wall (3E+3) - - - 4E-5 4E-4

W, see ³¹Si - 1E+2 5E-8 2E-10 - -

Y, see ³¹Si - 5E+0 2E-9 7E-12 - -

15 Phosphorus-32 D, all compounds except
phosphates given for
W
6E+2 9E+2 4E-7 1E-9 9E-6 9E-5

W, phosphates of Zn²⁺,
S³⁺, Mg²⁺, Fe³⁺, Bi³⁺,
and lanthanides
- 4E+2 2E-7 5E-10 - -

15 Phosphorus-33 D, see ³²P 6E+3 8E+3 4E-6 1E-8 8E-5 8E-4

W, see ³²P - 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 - -

16 Sulfur-35 Vapor - 1E+4 6E-6 2E-8 - -

D, sulfides and sulfates
except those given for
W
1E+4 2E+4 7E-6 2E-8 - -

LLI wall (8E+3) - - - 1E-4 1E-3

W, elemental sulfur,
sulfides of Sr, Ba, Ge,
Sn, Pb, As, Sb, Bi, Cu,
Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Hg, W,
and Mo. Sulfates of Ca,
Sr, Ba, Ra, As, Sb, and
Bi
6E+3
-

2E+3

9E-7

3E-9

-

-

17 Chlorine-36 D, chlorides of H, Li,
Na, K, Rb, Cs, and Fr
2E+3 2E+3 1E-6 3E-9 2E-5 2E-4

W, chlorides of lantha-
nides, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr,
Ba, Ra, Al, Ga, In, Tl,
Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, Bi,
Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir,
Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au,
Zn, Cd, Hg, Sc, Y, Ti,
Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr,
Mo, W, Mn, Tc, and
Re
- 2E+2 1E-7 3E-10 - -

17 Chlorine-38² D, see ³⁶Cl 2E+4 4E+4 2E-5 6E-8 - -

St wall
(3E+4)
- - - 3E-4 3E-3

W, see ³⁶Cl - 5E+4 2E-5 6E-8 - -

17 Chlorine-39² D, see ³⁶Cl 2E+4 5E+4 2E-5 7E-8 - -

St wall
(4E+4)
- - - 5E-4 5E-3

W, see ³⁶Cl - 6E+4 2E-5 8E-8 - -

18 Argon-37 Submersion¹ - - 1E+0 6E-3 - -

18 Argon-39 Submersion¹ - - 2E-4 8E-7 - -

18 Argon-41 Submersion¹ - - 3E-6 1E-8 - -

19 Potassium-40 D, all compounds 3E+2 4E+2 2E-7 6E-10 4E-6 4E-5

19 Potassium-42 D, all compounds 5E+3 5E+3 2E-6 7E-9 6E-5 6E-4

19 Potassium-43 D, all compounds 6E+3 9E+3 4E-6 1E-8 9E-5 9E-4

19 Potassium-44² D, all compounds 2E+4 7E+4 3E-5 9E-8 - -

St wall
(4E+4)
- - - 5E-4 5E-3

19 Potassium-45² D, all compounds 3E+4 1E+5 5E-5 2E-7 - -

St wall
(5E+4)
- - - 7E-4 7E-3

20 Calcium-41 W, all compounds 3E+3 4E+3 2E-6 - - -

Bone surf (4E+3) Bone surf (4E+3) - 5E-9 6E-5 6E-4

20 Calcium-45 W, all compounds 2E+3 8E+2 4E-7 1E-9 2E-5 2E-4

20 Calcium-47 W, all compounds 8E+2 9E+2 4E-7 1E-9 1E-5 1E-4

21 Scandium-43 Y, all compounds 7E+3 2E+4 9E-6 3E-8 1E-4 1E-3

21 Scandium-44m Y, all compounds 5E+2 7E+2 3E-7 1E-9 7E-6 7E-5

21 Scandium-44 Y, all compounds 4E+3 1E+4 5E-6 2E-8 5E-5 5E-4

21 Scandium-46 Y, all compounds 9E+2 2E+2 1E-7 3E-10 1E-5 1E-4

21 Scandium-47 Y, all compounds 2E+3 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 - -

LLI wall (3E+3) - - - 4E-5 4E-4

21 Scandium-48 Y, all compounds 8E+2 1E+3 6E-7 2E-9 1E-5 1E-4

21 Scandium-49² Y, all compounds 2E+4 5E+4 2E-5 8E-8 3E-4 3E-3

22 Titanium-44 D, all compounds except
those given for W and
Y
3E+2 1E+1 5E-9 2E-11 4E-6 4E-5

W, oxides, hydroxides,
carbides, halides, and
nitrates
- 3E+1 1E-8 4E-11 - -

Y, SrTi0 - 6E+0 2E-9 8E-12 - -

22 Titanium-45 D, see ⁴⁴Ti 9E+3 3E+4 1E-5 3E-8 1E-4 1E-3

W, see ⁴⁴Ti - 4E+4 1E-5 5E-8 - -

Y, see ⁴⁴Ti - 3E+4 1E-5 4E-8 - -

23 Vanadium-472 D, all compounds except
those given for W
3E+4 8E+4 3E-5 1E-7 - -

St wall
(3E+4)
- - - 4E-4 4E-3

W, oxides, hydroxides,
carbides, and halides
- 1E+5 4E-5 1E-7 - -

23 Vanadium-48 D, see ⁴⁷V 6E+2 1E+3 5E-7 2E-9 9E-6 9E-5

W, see ⁴⁷V - 6E+2 3E-7 9E-10 - -

23 Vanadium-49 D, see ⁴⁷V 7E+4 3E+4 1E-5 - - -

LLI wall (9E+4) Bone surf (3E+4) - 5E-8 1E-3 1E-2

W, see ⁴⁷V - 2E+4 8E-6 2E-8 - -

24 Chromium-48 D, all compounds except
those given for W and
Y
6E+3 1E+4 5E-6 2E-8 8E-5 8E-4

W, halides and nitrates - 7E+3 3E-6 1E-8 - -

Y, oxides and hydroxides - 7E+3 3E-6 1E-8 - -

24 Chromium-49² D, see ⁴⁸Cr 3E+4 8E+4 4E-5 1E-7 4E-4 4E-3

W, see ⁴⁸Cr - 1E+5 4E-5 1E-7 - -

Y, see ⁴⁸Cr - 9E+4 4E-5 1E-7 - -

24 Chromium-51 D, see ⁴⁸Cr 4E+4 5E+4 2E-5 6E-8 5E-4 5E-3

W, see ⁴⁸Cr - 2E+4 1E-5 3E-8 - -

Y, see ⁴⁸Cr - 2E+4 8E-6 3E-8 - -

25 Manganese-51² D, all compounds except
those given for W
2E+4 5E+4 2E-5 7E-8 3E-4 3E-3

W, oxides, hydroxides,
halides, and nitrates
- 6E+4 3E-5 8E-8 - -

25 Manganese-52m² D, see ⁵¹Mn 3E+4 9E+4 4E-5 1E-7 - -

St wall
(4E+4)
- - - 5E-4 5E-3

W, see ⁵¹Mn - 1E+5 4E-5 1E-7 - -

25 Manganese-52 D, see ⁵¹Mn 7E+2 1E+3 5E-7 2E-9 1E-5 1E-4

W, see ⁵¹Mn - 9E+2 4E-7 1E-9 - -

25 Manganese-53 D, see ⁵¹Mn 5E+4 1E+4 5E-6 - 7E-4 7E-3

- Bone surf (2E+4) - 3E-8 - -

W, see ⁵¹Mn - 1E+4 5E-6 2E-8 - -

25 Manganese-54 D, see ⁵¹Mn 2E+3 9E+2 4E-7 1E-9 3E-5 3E-4

W, see ⁵¹Mn - 8E+2 3E-7 1E-9 - -

25 Manganese-56 D, see ⁵¹Mn 5E+3 2E+4 6E-6 2E-8 7E-5 7E-4

W, see ⁵¹Mn - 2E+4 9E-6 3E-8 - -

26 Iron-52 D, all compounds except
those given for W
9E+2 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 1E-5 1E-4

W, oxides, hydroxides,
and halides
- 2E+3 1E-6 3E-9 - -

26 Iron-55 D, see ⁵²Fe 9E+3 2E+3 8E-7 3E-9 1E-4 1E-3

W, see ⁵²Fe - 4E+3 2E-6 6E-9 - -

26 Iron-59 D, see ⁵²Fe 8E+2 3E+2 1E-7 5E-10 1E-5 1E-4

W, see ⁵²Fe - 5E+2 2E-7 7E-10 - -

26 Iron-60 D, see ⁵²Fe 3E+1 6E+0 3E-9 9E-12 4E-7 4E-6

W, see ⁵²Fe - 2E+1 8E-9 3E-11 - -

27 Cobalt-55 W, all compounds
except those given for
Y
1E+3 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 2E-5 2E-4

Y, oxides, hydroxides,
halides, and nitrates
- 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 - -

27 Cobalt-56 W, see ⁵⁵Co 5E+2 3E+2 1E-7 4E-10 6E-6 6E-5

Y, see ⁵⁵Co 4E+2 2E+2 8E-8 3E-10 - -

27 Cobalt-57 W, see ⁵⁵Co 8E+3 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 6E-5 6E-4

Y, see ⁵⁵Co 4E+3 7E+2 3E-7 9E-10 - -

27 Cobalt-58m W, see ⁵⁵Co 6E+4 9E+4 4E-5 1E-7 8E-4 8E-3

Y, see ⁵⁵Co - 6E+4 3E-5 9E-8 - -

27 Cobalt-58 W, see ⁵⁵Co 2E+3 1E+3 5E-7 2E-9 2E-5 2E-4

Y, see ⁵⁵Co 1E+3 7E+2 3E-7 1E-9 - -

27 Cobalt-60m² W, see ⁵⁵Co 1E+6 4E+6 2E-3 6E-6 - -

St wall
(1E+6)
- - - 2E-2 2E-1

Y, see ⁵⁵Co - 3E+6 1E-3 4E-6 - -

27 Cobalt-60 W, see ⁵⁵Co 5E+2 2E+2 7E-8 2E-10 3E-6 3E-5

Y, see ⁵⁵Co 2E+2 3E+1 1E-8 5E-11 - -

27 Cobalt-61² W, see ⁵⁵Co 2E+4 6E+4 3E-5 9E-8 3E-4 3E-3

Y, see ⁵⁵Co 2E+4 6E+4 2E-5 8E-8 - -

27 Cobalt-62m² W, see ⁵⁵Co 4E+4 2E+5 7E-5 2E-7 - -

St wall
(5E+4)
- - - 7E-4 7E-3

Y, see ⁵⁵Co - 2E+5 6E-5 2E-7 - -

28 Nickel-56 D, all compounds except
those given for W
1E+3 2E+3 8E-7 3E-9 2E-5 2E-4

W, oxides, hydroxides,
and carbides
- 1E+3 5E-7 2E-9 - -

Vapor - 1E+3 5E-7 2E-9 - -

28 Nickel-57 D, see ⁵⁶Ni 2E+3 5E+3 2E-6 7E-9 2E-5 2E-4

W, see ⁵⁶Ni - 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 - -

Vapor - 6E+3 3E-6 9E-9 - -

28 Nickel-59 D, see ⁵⁶Ni 2E+4 4E+3 2E-6 5E-9 3E-4 3E-3

W, see ⁵⁶Ni - 7E+3 3E-6 1E-8 - -

Vapor - 2E+3 8E-7 3E-9 - -

28 Nickel-63 D, see ⁵⁶Ni 9E+3 2E+3 7E-7 2E-9 1E-4 1E-3

W, see ⁵⁶Ni - 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 - -

Vapor - 8E+2 3E-7 1E-9 - -

28 Nickel-65 D, see ⁵⁶Ni 8E+3 2E+4 1E-5 3E-8 1E-4 1E-3

W, see ⁵⁶Ni - 3E+4 1E-5 4E-8 - -

Vapor - 2E+4 7E-6 2E-8 - -

28 Nickel-66 D, see ⁵⁶Ni 4E+2 2E+3 7E-7 2E-9 - -

LLI wall (5E+2) - - - 6E-6 6E-5

W, see ⁵⁶Ni - 6E+2 3E-7 9E-10 - -

Vapor - 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 - -

29 Copper-60² D, all compounds except
those given for W and
Y
3E+4 9E+4 4E-5 1E-7 - -

St wall
(3E+4)
- - - 4E-4 4E-3

W, sulfides, halides,
and nitrates

-

1E+5

5E-5

2E-7

-

-

Y, oxides and hydroxides - 1E+5 4E-5 1E-7 - -

29 Copper-61 D, see ⁶⁰Cu 1E+4 3E+4 1E-5 4E-8 2E-4 2E-3

W, see ⁶⁰Cu - 4E+4 2E-5 6E-8 - -

Y, see ⁶⁰Cu - 4E+4 1E-5 5E-8 - -

29 Copper-64 D, see ⁶⁰Cu 1E+4 3E+4 1E-5 4E-8 2E-4 2E-3

W, see ⁶⁰Cu - 2E+4 1E-5 3E-8 - -

Y, see ⁶⁰Cu - 2E+4 9E-6 3E-8 - -

29 Copper-67 D, see ⁶⁰Cu 5E+3 8E+3 3E-6 1E-8 6E-5 6E-4

W, see ⁶⁰Cu - 5E+3 2E-6 7E-9 - -

Y, see ⁶⁰Cu - 5E+3 2E-6 6E-9 - -

30 Zinc-62 Y, all compounds 1E+3 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 2E-5 2E-4

30 Zinc-63² Y, all compounds 2E+4 7E+4 3E-5 9E-8 - -

St wall
(3E+4)
- - - 3E-4 3E-3

30 Zinc-65 Y, all compounds 4E+2 3E+2 1E-7 4E-10 5E-6 5E-5

30 Zinc-69m Y, all compounds 4E+3 7E+3 3E-6 1E-8 6E-5 6E-4

30 Zinc-69² Y, all compounds 6E+4 1E+5 6E-5 2E-7 8E-4 8E-3

30 Zinc-71m Y, all compounds 6E+3 2E+4 7E-6 2E-8 8E-5 8E-4

30 Zinc-72 Y, all compounds 1E+3 1E+3 5E-7 2E-9 1E-5 1E-4

31 Gallium-65² D, all compounds except
those given for W
5E+4 2E+5 7E-5 2E-7 - -

St wall
(6E+4)
- - - 9E-4 9E-3

W, oxides, hydroxides,
carbides, halides, and
nitrates
- 2E+5 8E-5 3E-7 - -

31 Gallium-66 D, see ⁶⁵Ga 1E+3 4E+3 1E-6 5E-9 1E-5 1E-4

W, see ⁶⁵Ga - 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 - -

31 Gallium-67 D, see ⁶⁵Ga 7E+3 1E+4 6E-6 2E-8 1E-4 1E-3

W, see ⁶⁵Ga - 1E+4 4E-6 1E-8 - -

31 Gallium-68² D, see ⁶⁵Ga 2E+4 4E+4 2E-5 6E-8 2E-4 2E-3

W, see ⁶⁵Ga - 5E+4 2E-5 7E-8 - -

31 Gallium-70² D, see ⁶⁵Ga 5E+4 2E+5 7E-5 2E-7 - -

St wall
(7E+4)
- - - 1E-3 1E-2

W, see ⁶⁵Ga - 2E+5 8E-5 3E-7 - -

31 Gallium-72 D, see ⁶⁵Ga 1E+3 4E+3 1E-6 5E-9 2E-5 2E-4

W, see ⁶⁵Ga - 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 - -

31 Gallium-73 D, see ⁶⁵Ga 5E+3 2E+4 6E-6 2E-8 7E-5 7E-4

W, see ⁶⁵Ga - 2E+4 6E-6 2E-8 - -

32 Germanium-66 D, all compounds except
those given for W
2E+4 3E+4 1E-5 4E-8 3E-4 3E-3

W, oxides, sulfides, and
halides
- 2E+4 8E-6 3E-8 - -

32 Germanium-67² D, see ⁶⁶Ge 3E+4 9E+4 4E-5 1E-7 - -

St wall
(4E+4)
- - - 6E-4 6E-3

W, see ⁶⁶Ge - 1E+5 4E-5 1E-7 - -

32 Germanium-68 D, see ⁶⁶Ge 5E+3 4E+3 2E-6 5E-9 6E-5 6E-4

W, see ⁶⁶Ge - 1E+2 4E-8 1E-10 - -

32 Germanium-69 D, see ⁶⁶Ge 1E+4 2E+4 6E-6 2E-8 2E-4 2E-3

W, see ⁶⁶Ge - 8E+3 3E-6 1E-8 - -

32 Germanium-71 D, see ⁶⁶Ge 5E+5 4E+5 2E-4 6E-7 7E-3 7E-2

W, see ⁶⁶Ge - 4E+4 2E-5 6E-8 - -

32 Germanium-75² D, see ⁶⁶Ge 4E+4 8E+4 3E-5 1E-7 - -

St wall
(7E+4)
- - - 9E-4 9E-3

W, see ⁶⁶Ge - 8E+4 4E-5 1E-7 - -

32 Germanium-77 D, see ⁶⁶Ge 9E+3 1E+4 4E-6 1E-8 1E-4 1E-3

W, see ⁶⁶Ge - 6E+3 2E-6 8E-9 - -

32 Germanium-78² D, see ⁶⁶Ge 2E+4 2E+4 9E-6 3E-8 - -

St wall
(2E+4)
- - - 3E-4 3E-3

W, see ⁶⁶Ge - 2E+4 9E-6 3E-8 - -

33 Arsenic-69² W, all compounds 3E+4 1E+5 5E-5 2E-7 - -

St wall
(4E+4)
- - - 6E-4 6E-3

33 Arsenic-70² W, all compounds 1E+4 5E+4 2E-5 7E-8 2E-4 2E-3

33 Arsenic-71 W, all compounds 4E+3 5E+3 2E-6 6E-9 5E-5 5E-4

33 Arsenic-72 W, all compounds 9E+2 1E+3 6E-7 2E-9 1E-5 1E-4

33 Arsenic-73 W, all compounds 8E+3 2E+3 7E-7 2E-9 1E-4 1E-3

33 Arsenic-74 W, all compounds 1E+3 8E+2 3E-7 1E-9 2E-5 2E-4

33 Arsenic-76 W, all compounds 1E+3 1E+3 6E-7 2E-9 1E-5 1E-4

33 Arsenic-77 W, all compounds 4E+3 5E+3 2E-6 7E-9 - -

LLI wall (5E+3) - - - 6E-5 6E-4

33 Arsenic-78² W, all compounds 8E+3 2E+4 9E-6 3E-8 1E-4 1E-3

34 Selenium-70² D, all compounds except
those given for W
2E+4 4E+4 2E-5 5E-8 1E-4 1E-3

W, oxides, hydroxides,
carbides, and elemental
Se
1E+4 4E+4 2E-5 6E-8 - -

34 Selenium-73m² D, see ⁷⁰Se 6E+4 2E+5 6E-5 2E-7 4E-4 4E-3

W, see ⁷⁰Se 3E+4 1E+5 6E-5 2E-7 - -

34 Selenium-73 D, see ⁷⁰Se 3E+3 1E+4 5E-6 2E-8 4E-5 4E-4

W, see ⁷⁰Se - 2E+4 7E-6 2E-8 - -

34 Selenium-75 D, see ⁷⁰Se 5E+2 7E+2 3E-7 1E-9 7E-6 7E-5

W, see ⁷⁰Se - 6E+2 3E-7 8E-10 - -

34 Selenium-79 D, see ⁷⁰Se 6E+2 8E+2 3E-7 1E-9 8E-6 8E-5

W, see ⁷⁰Se - 6E+2 2E-7 8E-10 - -

34 Selenium-81m² D, see ⁷⁰Se 4E+4 7E+4 3E-5 9E-8 3E-4 3E-3

W, see ⁷⁰Se 2E+4 7E+4 3E-5 1E-7 - -

34 Selenium-81² D, see ⁷⁰Se 6E+4 2E+5 9E-5 3E-7 - -

St wall
(8E+4)
- - - 1E-3 1E-2

W, see ⁷⁰Se - 2E+5 1E-4 3E-7 - -

34 Selenium-83² D, see ⁷⁰Se 4E+4 1E+5 5E-5 2E-7 4E-4 4E-3

W, see ⁷⁰Se 3E+4 1E+5 5E-5 2E-7 - -

35 Bromine-74m² D, bromides of H, Li,
Na, K, Rb, Cs, and Fr
1E+4 4E+4 2E-5 5E-8 - -

St wall
(2E+4)
- - - 3E-4 3E-3

W, bromides of lantha-
nides, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr,
Ba, Ra, Al, Ga, In, Tl,
Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, Bi,
Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir,
Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au,
Zn, Cd, Hg, Sc, Y, Ti,
Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Mn,
Tc, and Re
- 4E+4 2E-5 6E-8 - -

35 Bromine-74² D, see ^74mBr 2E+4 7E+4 3E-5 1E-7 - -

St wall
(4E+4)
- - - 5E-45E-3 -

W, see ^74mBr - 8E+4 4E-5 1E-7 - -

35 Bromine-75² D, see ^74mBr 3E+4 5E+4 2E-5 7E-8 - -

St wall
(4E+4)
- - - 5E-4 5E-3

W, see ^74mBr - 5E+4 2E-5 7E-8 - -

35 Bromine-76 D, see ^74mBr 4E+3 5E+3 2E-6 7E-9 5E-5 5E-4

W, see ^74mBr - 4E+3 2E-6 6E-9 - -

35 Bromine-77 D, see ^74mBr 2E+4 2E+4 1E-5 3E-8 2E-4 2E-3

W, see ^74mBr - 2E+4 8E-6 3E-8 - -

35 Bromine-80m D, see ^74mBr 2E+4 2E+4 7E-6 2E-8 3E-4 3E-3

W, see ^74mBr - 1E+4 6E-6 2E-8 - -

35 Bromine-80² D, see ^74mBr 5E+4 2E+5 8E-5 3E-7 - -

St wall
(9E+4)
- - - 1E-3 1E-2

W, see ^74mBr - 2E+5 9E-5 3E-7 - -

35 Bromine-82 D, see ^74mBr 3E+3 4E+3 2E-6 6E-9 4E-5 4E-4

W, see ^74mBr - 4E+3 2E-6 5E-9 - -

35 Bromine-83 D, see ^74mBr 5E+4 6E+4 3E-5 9E-8 - -

St wall
(7E+4)
- - - 9E-4 9E-3

W, see ^74mBr - 6E+4 3E-5 9E-8 - -

35 Bromine-84² D, see ^74mBr 2E+4 6E+4 2E-5 8E-8 - -

St wall
(3E+4)
- - - 4E-4 4E-3

W, see ^74mBr - 6E+4 3E-5 9E-8 - -

36 Krypton-74² Submersion¹ - - 3E-6 1E-8 - -

36 Krypton-76 Submersion¹ - - 9E-6 4E-8 - -

36 Krypton-77² Submersion¹ - - 4E-6 2E-8 - -

36 Krypton-79 Submersion¹ - - 2E-5 7E-8 - -

36 Krypton-81 Submersion¹ - - 7E-4 3E-6 - -

36 Krypton-83m² Submersion¹ - - 1E-2 5E-5 - -

36 Krypton-85m Submersion¹ - - 2E-5 1E-7 - -

36 Krypton-85 Submersion¹ - - 1E-4 7E-7 - -

36 Krypton-87² Submersion¹ - - 5E-6 2E-8 - -

36 Krypton-88 Submersion¹ - - 2E-6 9E-9 - -

37 Rubidium-79² D, all compounds 4E+4 1E+5 5E-5 2E-7 - -

St wall
(6E+4)
- - - 8E-4 8E-3

37 Rubidium-81m² D, all compounds 2E+5 3E+5 1E-4 5E-7 - -

St wall
(3E+5)
- - - 4E-3 4E-2

37 Rubidium-81 D, all compounds 4E+4 5E+4 2E-5 7E-8 5E-4 5E-3

37 Rubidium-82m D, all compounds 1E+4 2E+4 7E-6 2E-8 2E-4 2E-3

37 Rubidium-83 D, all compounds 6E+2 1E+3 4E-7 1E-9 9E-6 9E-5

37 Rubidium-84 D, all compounds 5E+2 8E+2 3E-7 1E-9 7E-6 7E-5

37 Rubidium-86 D, all compounds 5E+2 8E+2 3E-7 1E-9 7E-6 7E-5

37 Rubidium-87 D, all compounds 1E+3 2E+3 6E-7 2E-9 1E-5 1E-4

37 Rubidium-88² D, all compounds 2E+4 6E+4 3E-5 9E-8 - -

St wall
(3E+4)
- - - 4E-4 4E-3

37 Rubidium-89² D, all compounds 4E+4 1E+5 6E-5 2E-7 - -

St wall
(6E+4)
- - - 9E-4 9E-3

38 Strontium-80² D, all soluble compounds
except SrTiO
4E+3 1E+4 5E-6 2E-8 6E-5 6E-4

Y, all insoluble com-
pounds and SrTi0
- 1E+4 5E-6 2E-8 - -

38 Strontium-81² D, see ⁸⁰Sr 3E+4 8E+4 3E-5 1E-7 3E-4 3E-3

Y, see ⁸⁰Sr 2E+4 8E+4 3E-5 1E-7 - -

38 Strontium-82 D, see ⁸⁰Sr 3E+2 4E+2 2E-7 6E-10 - -

LLI wall (2E+2) - - - 3E-6 3E-5

Y, see ⁸⁰Sr 2E+2 9E+1 4E-8 1E-10 - -

38 Strontium-83 D, see ⁸⁰Sr 3E+3 7E+3 3E-6 1E-8 3E-5 3E-4

Y, see ⁸⁰Sr 2E+3 4E+3 1E-6 5E-9 - -

38 Strontium-85m² D, see ⁸⁰Sr 2E+5 6E+5 3E-4 9E-7 3E-3 3E-2

Y, see ⁸⁰Sr - 8E+5 4E-4 1E-6 - -

38 Strontium-85 D, see ⁸⁰Sr 3E+3 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 4E-5 4E-4

Y, see ⁸⁰Sr - 2E+3 6E-7 2E-9 - -

38 Strontium-87m D, see ⁸⁰Sr 5E+4 1E+5 5E-5 2E-7 6E-4 6E-3

Y, see ⁸⁰Sr 4E+4 2E+5 6E-5 2E-7 - -

38 Strontium-89 D, see ⁸⁰Sr 6E+2 8E+2 4E-7 1E-9 - -

LLI wall (6E+2) - - - 8E-6 8E-5

Y, see ⁸⁰Sr 5E+2 1E+2 6E-8 2E-10 - -

38 Strontium-90 D, see ⁸⁰Sr 3E+1 2E+1 8E-9 - - -

Bone surf (4E+1) Bone surf (2E+1) - 3E-11 5E-7 5E-6

Y, see ⁸⁰Sr - 4E+0 2E-9 6E-12 - -

38 Strontium-91 D, see ⁸⁰Sr 2E+3 6E+3 2E-6 8E-9 2E-5 2E-4

Y, see ⁸⁰Sr - 4E+3 1E-6 5E-9 - -

38 Strontium-92 D, see ⁸⁰Sr 3E+3 9E+3 4E-6 1E-8 4E-5 4E-4

Y, see ⁸⁰Sr - 7E+3 3E-6 9E-9 - -

39 Yttrium-86m² W, all compounds
except those given for
Y
2E+4 6E+4 2E-5 8E-8 3E-4 3E-3

Y, oxides and hydroxides - 5E+4 2E-5 8E-8 - -

39 Yttrium-86 W, see ^86mY 1E+3 3E+3 1E-6 5E-9 2E-5 2E-4

Y, see ^86mY - 3E+3 1E-6 5E-9 - -

39 Yttrium-87 W, see ^86mY 2E+3 3E+3 1E-6 5E-9 3E-5 3E-4

Y, see ^86mY - 3E+3 1E-6 5E-9 - -

39 Yttrium-88 W, see ^86mY 1E+3 3E+2 1E-7 3E-10 1E-5 1E-4

Y, see ^86mY - 2E+2 1E-7 3E-10 - -

39 Yttrium-90m W, see ^86mY 8E+3 1E+4 5E-6 2E-8 1E-4 1E-3

Y, see ^86mY - 1E+4 5E-6 2E-8 - -

39 Yttrium-90 W, see ^86mY 4E+2 7E+2 3E-7 9E-10 - -

LLI wall (5E+2) - - - 7E-6 7E-5

Y, see ^86mY - 6E+2 3E-7 9E-10 - -

39 Yttrium-91m² W, see ^86mY 1E+5 2E+5 1E-4 3E-7 2E-3 2E-2

Y, see ^86mY - 2E+5 7E-5 2E-7 - -

39 Yttrium-91 W, see ^86mY 5E+2 2E+2 7E-8 2E-10 - -

LLI wall (6E+2) - - - 8E-6 8E-5

Y, see ^86mY - 1E+2 5E-8 2E-10 - -

39 Yttrium-92 W, see ^86mY 3E+3 9E+3 4E-6 1E-8 4E-5 4E-4

Y, see ^86mY - 8E+3 3E-6 1E-8 - -

39 Yttrium-93 W, see ^86mY 1E+3 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 2E-5 2E-4

Y, see ^86mY - 2E+3 1E-6 3E-9 - -

39 Yttrium-94² W, see ^86mY 2E+4 8E+4 3E-5 1E-7 - -

St wall
(3E+4)
- - - 4E-4 4E-3

Y, see ^86mY - 8E+4 3E-5 1E-7 - -

39 Yttrium-95² W, see ^86mY 4E+4 2E+5 6E-5 2E-7 - -

St wall
(5E+4)
- - - 7E-4 7E-3

Y, see ^86mY - 1E+5 6E-5 2E-7 - -

40 Zirconium-86 D, all compounds except
those given for W and
Y
1E+3 4E+3 2E-6 6E-9 2E-5 2E-4

W, oxides, hydroxides,
halides, and nitrates
- 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 - -

Y, carbide - 2E+3 1E-6 3E-9 - -

40 Zirconium-88 D, see ⁸⁶Zr 4E+3 2E+2 9E-8 3E-10 5E-5 5E-4

W, see ⁸⁶Zr - 5E+2 2E-7 7E-10 - -

Y, see ⁸⁶Zr - 3E+2 1E-7 4E-10 - -

40 Zirconium-89 D, see ⁸⁶Zr 2E+3 4E+3 1E-6 5E-9 2E-5 2E-4

W, see ⁸⁶Zr - 2E+3 1E-6 3E-9 - -

Y, see ⁸⁶Zr - 2E+3 1E-6 3E-9 - -

40 Zirconium-93 D, see ⁸⁶Zr 1E+3 6E+0 3E-9 - - -

Bone surf (3E+3) Bone surf (2E+1) - 2E-11 4E-5 4E-4

W, see ⁸⁶Zr - 2E+1 1E-8 - - -

- Bone surf (6E+1) - 9E-11 - -

Y, see ⁸⁶Zr - 6E+1 2E-8 - - -

- Bone surf (7E+1) - 9E-11 - -

40 Zirconium-95 D, see ⁸⁶Zr 1E+3 1E+2 5E-8 - 2E-5 2E-4

- Bone surf (3E+2) - 4E-10 - -

W, see ⁸⁶Zr - 4E+2 2E-7 5E-10 - -

Y, see ⁸⁶Zr - 3E+2 1E-7 4E-10 - -

40 Zirconium-97 D, see ⁸⁶Zr 6E+2 2E+3 8E-7 3E-9 9E-6 9E-5

W, see ⁸⁶Zr - 1E+3 6E-7 2E-9 - -

Y, see ⁸⁶Zr - 1E+3 5E-7 2E-9 - -

41 Niobium-88² W, all compounds
except those given for
Y
5E+4 2E+5 9E-5 3E-7 - -

St wall
(7E+4)
- - - 1E-3 1E-2

Y, oxides and hydroxides - 2E+5 9E-5 3E-7 - -

41 Niobium-89^{2 (66 min)} W, see ⁸⁸Nb 1E+4 4E+4 2E-5 6E-8 1E-4 1E-3

Y, see ⁸⁸Nb - 4E+4 2E-5 5E-8 - -

41 Niobium-89
(122 min)
W, see ⁸⁸Nb 5E+3 2E+4 8E-6 3E-8 7E-5 7E-4

Y, see ⁸⁸Nb - 2E+4 6E-6 2E-8 - -

41 Niobium-90 W, see ⁸⁸Nb 1E+3 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 1E-5 1E-4

Y, see ⁸⁸Nb - 2E+3 1E-6 3E-9 - -

41 Niobium-93m W, see ⁸⁸Nb 9E+3 2E+3 8E-7 3E-9 - -

LLI wall (1E+4) - - - 2E-4 2E-3

Y, see ⁸⁸Nb - 2E+2 7E-8 2E-10 - -

41 Niobium-94 W, see ⁸⁸Nb 9E+2 2E+2 8E-8 3E-10 1E-5 1E-4

Y, see ⁸⁸Nb - 2E+1 6E-9 2E-11 - -

41 Niobium-95m W, see ⁸⁸Nb 2E+3 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 - -

LLI wall (2E+3) - - - 3E-5 3E-4

Y, see ⁸⁸Nb - 2E+3 9E-7 3E-9 - -

41 Niobium-95 W, see ⁸⁸Nb 2E+3 1E+3 5E-7 2E-9 3E-5 3E-4

Y, see ⁸⁸Nb - 1E+3 5E-7 2E-9 - -

41 Niobium-96 W, see ⁸⁸Nb 1E+3 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 2E-5 2E-4

Y, see ⁸⁸Nb - 2E+3 1E-6 3E-9 - -

41 Niobium-97² W, see ⁸⁸Nb 2E+4 8E+4 3E-5 1E-7 3E-4 3E-3

Y, see ⁸⁸Nb - 7E+4 3E-5 1E-7 - -

41 Niobium-98² W, see ⁸⁸Nb 1E+4 5E+4 2E-5 8E-8 2E-4 2E-3

Y, see ⁸⁸Nb - 5E+4 2E-5 7E-8 - -

42 Molybdenum-90 D, all compounds except
those given for Y
4E+3 7E+3 3E-6 1E-8 3E-5 3E-4

Y, oxides, hydroxides,
and MoS

2E+3

5E+3

2E-6

6E-9

-

-

42 Molybdenum-93m D, see ⁹⁰Mo 9E+3 2E+4 7E-6 2E-8 6E-5 6E-4

Y, see ⁹⁰Mo 4E+3 1E+4 6E-6 2E-8 - -

42 Molybdenum-93 D, see ⁹⁰Mo 4E+3 5E+3 2E-6 8E-9 5E-5 5E-4

Y, see ⁹⁰Mo 2E+4 2E+2 8E-8 2E-10 - -

42 Molybdenum-99 D, see ⁹⁰Mo 2E+3 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 - -

LLI wall (1E+3) - - - 2E-5 2E-4

Y, see ⁹⁰Mo 1E+3 1E+3 6E-7 2E-9 - -

42 Molybdenum-101² D, see ⁹⁰Mo 4E+4 1E+5 6E-5 2E-7 - -

St wall
(5E+4)
- - - 7E-4 7E-3

Y, see ⁹⁰Mo - 1E+5 6E-5 2E-7 - -

43 Technetium-93m² D, all compounds except
those given for W
7E+4 2E+5 6E-5 2E-7 1E-3 1E-2

W, oxides, hydroxides,
halides, and nitrates
- 3E+5 1E-4 4E-7 - -

43 Technetium-93 D, see ^93mTc 3E+4 7E+4 3E-5 1E-7 4E-4 4E-3

W, see ^93mTc - 1E+5 4E-5 1E-7 - -

43 Technetium-94m² D, see ^93mTc 2E+4 4E+4 2E-5 6E-8 3E-4 3E-3

W, see ^93mTc - 6E+4 2E-5 8E-8 - -

43 Technetium-94 D, see ^93mTc 9E+3 2E+4 8E-6 3E-8 1E-4 1E-3

W, see ^93mTc - 2E+4 1E-5 3E-8 - -

43 Technetium-95m D, see ^93mTc 4E+3 5E+3 2E-6 8E-9 5E-5 5E-4

W, see ^93mTc - 2E+3 8E-7 3E-9 - -

43 Technetium-95 D, see ^93mTc 1E+4 2E+4 9E-6 3E-8 1E-4 1E-3

W, see ^93mTc - 2E+4 8E-6 3E-8 - -

43 Technetium-96m² D, see ^93mTc 2E+5 3E+5 1E-4 4E-7 2E-3 2E-2

W, see ^93mTc - 2E+5 1E-4 3E-7 - -

43 Technetium-96 D, see ^93mTc 2E+3 3E+3 1E-6 5E-9 3E-5 3E-4

W, see ^93mTc - 2E+3 9E-7 3E-9 - -

43 Technetium-97m D, see ^93mTc 5E+3 7E+3 3E-6 - 6E-5 6E-4

- St wall
(7E+3)
- 1E-8 - -

W, see ^93mTc - 1E+3 5E-7 2E-9 - -

43 Technetium-97 D, see ^93mTc 4E+4 5E+4 2E-5 7E-8 5E-4 5E-3

W, see ^93mTc - 6E+3 2E-6 8E-9 - -

43 Technetium-98 D, see ^93mTc 1E+3 2E+3 7E-7 2E-9 1E-5 1E-4

W, see ^93mTc - 3E+2 1E-7 4E-10 - -

43 Technetium-99m D, see ^93mTc 8E+4 2E+5 6E-5 2E-7 1E-3 1E-2

W, see ^93mTc - 2E+5 1E-4 3E-7 - -

43 Technetium-99 D, see ^93mTc 4E+3 5E+3 2E-6 - 6E-5 6E-4

- St wall
(6E+3)
- 8E-9 - -

W, see ^93mTc - 7E+2 3E-7 9E-10 - -

43 Technetium-101² D, see ^93mTc 9E+4 3E+5 1E-4 5E-7 - -

St wall
(1E+5)
- - - 2E-3 2E-2

W, see ^93mTc - 4E+5 2E-4 5E-7 - -

43 Technetium-104² D, see ^93mTc 2E+4 7E+4 3E-5 1E-7 - -

St wall
(3E+4)
- - - 4E-4 4E-3

W, see ^93mTc - 9E+4 4E-5 1E-7 - -

44 Ruthenium-94² D, all compounds except
those given for W and
Y
2E+4 4E+4 2E-5 6E-8 2E-4 2E-3

W, halides - 6E+4 3E-5 9E-8 - -

Y, oxides and hydroxides - 6E+4 2E-5 8E-8 - -

44 Ruthenium-97 D, see ⁹⁴Ru 8E+3 2E+4 8E-6 3E-8 1E-4 1E-3

W, see ⁹⁴Ru - 1E+4 5E-6 2E-8 - -

Y, see ⁹⁴Ru - 1E+4 5E-6 2E-8 - -

44 Ruthenium-103 D, see ⁹⁴Ru 2E+3 2E+3 7E-7 2E-9 3E-5 3E-4

W, see ⁹⁴Ru - 1E+3 4E-7 1E-9 - -

Y, see ⁹⁴Ru - 6E+2 3E-7 9E-10 - -

44 Ruthenium-105 D, see ⁹⁴Ru 5E+3 1E+4 6E-6 2E-8 7E-5 7E-4

W, see ⁹⁴Ru - 1E+4 6E-6 2E-8 - -

Y, see ⁹⁴Ru - 1E+4 5E-6 2E-8 - -

44 Ruthenium-106 D, see ⁹⁴Ru 2E+2 9E+1 4E-8 1E-10 - -

LLI wall (2E+2) - - - 3E-6 3E-5

W, see ⁹⁴Ru - 5E+1 2E-8 8E-11 - -

Y, see ⁹⁴Ru - 1E+1 5E-9 2E-11 - -

45 Rhodium-99m D, all compounds except
those given for W and
Y

2E+4

6E+4

2E-5

8E-8

2E-4

2E-3

W, halides - 8E+4 3E-5 1E-7 - -

Y, oxides and hydroxides - 7E+4 3E-5 9E-8 - -

45 Rhodium-99 D, see ^99mRh 2E+3 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 3E-5 3E-4

W, see ^99mRh - 2E+3 9E-7 3E-9 - -

Y, see ^99mRh - 2E+3 8E-7 3E-9 - -

45 Rhodium-100 D, see ^99mRh 2E+3 5E+3 2E-6 7E-9 2E-5 2E-4

W, see ^99mRh - 4E+3 2E-6 6E-9 - -

Y, see ^99mRh - 4E+3 2E-6 5E-9 - -

45 Rhodium-101m D, see ^99mRh 6E+3 1E+4 5E-6 2E-8 8E-5 8E-4

W, see ^99mRh - 8E+3 4E-6 1E-8 - -

Y, see ^99mRh - 8E+3 3E-6 1E-8 - -

45 Rhodium-101 D, see ^99mRh 2E+3 5E+2 2E-7 7E-10 3E-5 3E-4

W, see ^99mRh - 8E+2 3E-7 1E-9 - -

Y, see ^99mRh - 2E+2 6E-8 2E-10 - -

45 Rhodium-102m D, see ^99mRh 1E+3 5E+2 2E-7 7E-10 - -

LLI wall (1E+3) - - - 2E-5 2E-4

W, see ^99mRh - 4E+2 2E-7 5E-10 - -

Y, see ^99mRh - 1E+2 5E-8 2E-10 - -

45 Rhodium-102 D, see ^99mRh 6E+2 9E+1 4E-8 1E-10 8E-6 8E-5

W, see ^99mRh - 2E+2 7E-8 2E-10 - -

Y, see ^99mRh - 6E+1 2E-8 8E-11 - -

45 Rhodium-103m² D, see ^99mRh 4E+5 1E+6 5E-4 2E-6 6E-3 6E-2

W, see ^99mRh - 1E+6 5E-4 2E-6 - -

Y, see ^99mRh - 1E+6 5E-4 2E-6 - -

45 Rhodium-105 D, see ^99mRh 4E+3 1E+4 5E-6 2E-8 - -

LLI wall (4E+3) - - - 5E-5 5E-4

W, see ^99mRh - 6E+3 3E-6 9E-9 - -

Y, see ^99mRh - 6E+3 2E-6 8E-9 - -

45 Rhodium-106m D, see ^99mRh 8E+3 3E+4 1E-5 4E-8 1E-4 1E-3

W, see ^99mRh - 4E+4 2E-5 5E-8 - -

Y, see ^99mRh - 4E+4 1E-5 5E-8 - -

45 Rhodium-107² D, see ^99mRh 7E+4 2E+5 1E-4 3E-7 - -

St wall
(9E+4)
- - - 1E-3 1E-2

W, see ^99mRh - 3E+5 1E-4 4E-7 - -

Y, see ^99mRh - 3E+5 1E-4 3E-7 - -

46 Palladium-100 D, all compounds except
those given for W and
Y
1E+3 1E+3 6E-7 2E-9 2E-5 2E-4

W, nitrates - 1E+3 5E-7 2E-9 - -

Y, oxides and hydroxides - 1E+3 6E-7 2E-9 - -

46 Palladium-101 D, see ¹⁰⁰Pd 1E+4 3E+4 1E-5 5E-8 2E-4 2E-3

W, see ¹⁰⁰Pd - 3E+4 1E-5 5E-8 - -

Y, see ¹⁰⁰Pd - 3E+4 1E-5 4E-8 - -

46 Palladium-103 D, see ¹⁰⁰Pd 6E+3 6E+3 3E-6 9E-9 - -

LLI wall (7E+3) - - - 1E-4 1E-3

W, see ¹⁰⁰Pd - 4E+3 2E-6 6E-9 - -

Y, see ¹⁰⁰Pd - 4E+3 1E-6 5E-9 - -

46 Palladium-107 D, see ¹⁰⁰Pd 3E+4 2E+4 9E-6 - - -

LLI wall (4E+4) Kidneys (2E+4) - 3E-8 5E-4 5E-3

W, see ¹⁰⁰Pd - 7E+3 3E-6 1E-8 - -

Y, see ¹⁰⁰Pd - 4E+2 2E-7 6E-10 - -

46 Palladium-109 D, see ¹⁰⁰Pd 2E+3 6E+3 3E-6 9E-9 3E-5 3E-4

W, see ¹⁰⁰Pd - 5E+3 2E-6 8E-9 - -

Y, see ¹⁰⁰Pd - 5E+3 2E-6 6E-9 - -

47 Silver-102² D, all compounds except
those given for W and
Y
5E+4 2E+5 8E-5 2E-7 - -

St wall
(6E+4)
- - - 9E-4 9E-3

W, nitrates and sulfides - 2E+5 9E-5 3E-7 - -

Y, oxides and hydroxides - 2E+5 8E-5 3E-7 - -

47 Silver-103² D, see ¹⁰²Ag 4E+4 1E+5 4E-5 1E-7 5E-4 5E-3

W, see ¹⁰²Ag - 1E+5 5E-5 2E-7 - -

Y, see ¹⁰²Ag - 1E+5 5E-5 2E-7 - -

47 Silver-104m² D, see ¹⁰²Ag 3E+4 9E+4 4E-5 1E-7 4E-4 4E-3

W, see ¹⁰²Ag - 1E+5 5E-5 2E-7 - -

Y, see ¹⁰²Ag - 1E+5 5E-5 2E-7 - -

47 Silver-104² D, see ¹⁰²Ag 2E+4 7E+4 3E-5 1E-7 3E-4 3E-3

W, see ¹⁰²Ag - 1E+5 6E-5 2E-7 - -

Y, see ¹⁰²Ag - 1E+5 6E-5 2E-7 - -

47 Silver-105 D, see ¹⁰²Ag 3E+3 1E+3 4E-7 1E-9 4E-5 4E-4

W, see ¹⁰²Ag - 2E+3 7E-7 2E-9 - -

Y, see ¹⁰²Ag - 2E+3 7E-7 2E-9 - -

47 Silver-106m D, see ¹⁰²Ag 8E+2 7E+2 3E-7 1E-9 1E-5 1E-4

W, see ¹⁰²Ag - 9E+2 4E-7 1E-9 - -

Y, see ¹⁰²Ag - 9E+2 4E-7 1E-9 - -

47 Silver-106² D, see ¹⁰²Ag 6E+4 2E+5 8E-5 3E-7 - -

St. wall
(6E+4)
- - - 9E-4 9E-3

W, see ¹⁰²Ag - 2E+5 9E-5 3E-7 - -

Y, see ¹⁰²Ag - 2E+5 8E-5 3E-7 - -

47 Silver-108m D, see ¹⁰²Ag 6E+2 2E+2 8E-8 3E-10 9E-6 9E-5

W, see ¹⁰²Ag - 3E+2 1E-7 4E-10 - -

Y, see ¹⁰²Ag - 2E+1 1E-8 3E-11 - -

47 Silver-110m D, see ¹⁰²Ag 5E+2 1E+2 5E-8 2E-10 6E-6 6E-5

W, see ¹⁰²Ag - 2E+2 8E-8 3E-10 - -

Y, see ¹⁰²Ag - 9E+1 4E-8 1E-10 - -

47 Silver-111 D, see ¹⁰²Ag 9E+2 2E+3 6E-7 - - -

LLI wall (1E+3) Liver
(2E+3)
- 2E-9 2E-5 2E-4

W, see ¹⁰²Ag - 9E+2 4E-7 1E-9 - -

Y, see ¹⁰²Ag - 9E+2 4E-7 1E-9 - -

47 Silver-112 D, see ¹⁰²Ag 3E+3 8E+3 3E-6 1E-8 4E-5 4E-4

W, see ¹⁰²Ag - 1E+4 4E-6 1E-8 - -

Y, see ¹⁰²Ag - 9E+3 4E-6 1E-8 - -

47 Silver-115² D, see ¹⁰²Ag 3E+4 9E+4 4E-5 1E-7 - -

St wall
(3E+4)
- - - 4E-4 4E-3

W, see ¹⁰²Ag - 9E+4 4E-5 1E-7 - -

Y, see ¹⁰²Ag - 8E+4 3E-5 1E-7 - -

48 Cadmium-104² D, all compounds except
those given for W and
Y
2E+4 7E+4 3E-5 9E-8 3E-4 3E-3

W, sulfides, halides,
and nitrates

-

1E+5

5E-5

2E-7

-

-

Y, oxides and hydroxides - 1E+5 5E-5 2E-7 - -

48 Cadmium-107 D, see ¹⁰⁴Cd 2E+4 5E+4 2E-5 8E-8 3E-4 3E-3

W, see ¹⁰⁴Cd - 6E+4 2E-5 8E-8 - -

Y, see ¹⁰⁴Cd - 5E+4 2E-5 7E-8 - -

48 Cadmium-109 D, see ¹⁰⁴Cd 3E+2 4E+1 1E-8 - - -

Kidneys (4E+2) Kidneys (5E+1) - 7E-11 6E-6 6E-5

W, see ¹⁰⁴Cd - 1E+2 5E-8 - - -

- Kidneys (1E+2) - 2E-10 - -

Y, see ¹⁰⁴Cd - 1E+2 5E-8 2E-10 - -

48 Cadmium-113m D, see ¹⁰⁴Cd 2E+1 2E+0 1E-9 - - -

Kidneys (4E+1) Kidneys (4E+0) - 5E-12 5E-7 5E-6

W, see ¹⁰⁴Cd - 8E+0 4E-9 - - -

- Kidneys (1E+1) - 2E-11 - -

Y, see ¹⁰⁴Cd - 1E+1 5E-9 2E-11 - -

48 Cadmium-113 D, see ¹⁰⁴Cd 2E+1 2E+0 9E-10 - - -

Kidneys (3E+1) Kidneys (3E+0) - 5E-12 4E-7 4E-6

W, see ¹⁰⁴Cd - 8E+0 3E-9 - - -

- Kidneys (1E+1) - 2E-11 - -

Y, see ¹⁰⁴Cd - 1E+1 6E-9 2E-11 - -

48 Cadmium-115m D, see ¹⁰⁴Cd 3E+2 5E+1 2E-8 - 4E-6 4E-5

-
Kidneys (8E+1)
-

1E-10

-

-

W, see ¹⁰⁴Cd - 1E+2 5E-8 2E-10 - -

Y, see ¹⁰⁴Cd - 1E+2 6E-8 2E-10 - -

48 Cadmium-115 D, see ¹⁰⁴Cd 9E+2 1E+3 6E-7 2E-9 - -

LLI wall (1E+3) - - - 1E-5 1E-4

W, see ¹⁰⁴Cd - 1E+3 5E-7 2E-9 - -

Y, see ¹⁰⁴Cd - 1E+3 6E-7 2E-9 - -

48 Cadmium-117m D, see ¹⁰⁴Cd 5E+3 1E+4 5E-6 2E-8 6E-5 6E-4

W, see ¹⁰⁴Cd - 2E+4 7E-6 2E-8 - -

Y, see ¹⁰⁴Cd - 1E+4 6E-6 2E-8 - -

48 Cadmium-117 D, see ¹⁰⁴Cd 5E+3 1E+4 5E-6 2E-8 6E-5 6E-4

W, see ¹⁰⁴Cd - 2E+4 7E-6 2E-8 - -

Y, see ¹⁰⁴Cd - 1E+4 6E-6 2E-8 - -

49 Indium-109 D, all compounds except
those given for W
2E+4 4E+4 2E-5 6E-8 3E-4 3E-3

W, oxides, hydroxides,
halides, and nitrates
- 6E+4 3E-5 9E-8 - -

49 Indium-110² D, see ¹⁰⁹In 2E+4 4E+4 2E-5 6E-8 2E-4 2E-3

(69.1 min) W, see ¹⁰⁹In - 6E+4 2E-5 8E-8 - -

49 Indium-110 D, see ¹⁰⁹In 5E+3 2E+4 7E-6 2E-8 7E-5 7E-4

(4.9 h) W, see ¹⁰⁹In - 2E+4 8E-6 3E-8 - -

49 Indium-111 D, see ¹⁰⁹In 4E+3 6E+3 3E-6 9E-9 6E-5 6E-4

W, see ¹⁰⁹In - 6E+3 3E-6 9E-9 - -

49 Indium-112² D, see ¹⁰⁹In 2E+5 6E+5 3E-4 9E-7 2E-3 2E-2

W, see ¹⁰⁹In - 7E+5 3E-4 1E-6 - -

49 Indium-113m² D, see ¹⁰⁹In 5E+4 1E+5 6E-5 2E-7 7E-4 7E-3

W, see ¹⁰⁹In - 2E+5 8E-5 3E-7 - -

49 Indium-114m D, see ¹⁰⁹In 3E+2 6E+1 3E-8 9E-11 - -

LLI wall (4E+2) - - - 5E-6 5E-5

W, see ¹⁰⁹In - 1E+2 4E-8 1E-10 - -

49 Indium-115m D, see ¹⁰⁹In 1E+4 4E+4 2E-5 6E-8 2E-4 2E-3

W, see ¹⁰⁹In - 5E+4 2E-5 7E-8 - -

49 Indium-115 D, see ¹⁰⁹In 4E+1 1E+0 6E-10 2E-12 5E-7 5E-6

W, see ¹⁰⁹In - 5E+0 2E-9 8E-12 - -

49 Indium-116m² D, see ¹⁰⁹In 2E+4 8E+4 3E-5 1E-7 3E-4 3E-3

W, see ¹⁰⁹In - 1E+5 5E-5 2E-7 - -

49 Indium-117m² D, see ¹⁰⁹In 1E+4 3E+4 1E-5 5E-8 2E-4 2E-3

W, see ¹⁰⁹In - 4E+4 2E-5 6E-8 - -

49 Indium-117² D, see ¹⁰⁹In 6E+4 2E+5 7E-5 2E-7 8E-4 8E-3

W, see ¹⁰⁹In - 2E+5 9E-5 3E-7 - -

49 Indium-119m² D, see ¹⁰⁹In 4E+4 1E+5 5E-5 2E-7 - -

St wall
(5E+4)
- - - 7E-4 7E-3

W, see ¹⁰⁹In - 1E+5 6E-5 2E-7 - -

50 Tin-110 D, all compounds except
those given for W
4E+3 1E+4 5E-6 2E-8 5E-5 5E-4

W, sulfides, oxides,
hydroxides, halides,
nitrates, and stannic
phosphate
- 1E+4 5E-6 2E-8 - -

50 Tin-111² D, see ¹¹⁰Sn 7E+4 2E+5 9E-5 3E-7 1E-3 1E-2

W, see ¹¹⁰Sn - 3E+5 1E-4 4E-7 - -

50 Tin-113 D, see ¹¹⁰Sn 2E+3 1E+3 5E-7 2E-9 - -

LLI wall (2E+3) - - - 3E-5 3E-4

W, see ¹¹⁰Sn - 5E+2 2E-7 8E-10 - -

50 Tin-117m D, see ¹¹⁰Sn 2E+3 1E+3 5E-7 - - -

LLI wall (2E+3) Bone surf (2E+3) - 3E-9 3E-5 3E-4

W, see ¹¹⁰Sn - 1E+3 6E-7 2E-9 - -

50 Tin-119m D, see ¹¹⁰Sn 3E+3 2E+3 1E-6 3E-9 - -

LLI wall (4E+3) - - - 6E-5 6E-4

W, see ¹¹⁰Sn - 1E+3 4E-7 1E-9 - -

50 Tin-121m D, see ¹¹⁰Sn 3E+3 9E+2 4E-7 1E-9 - -

LLI wall (4E+3) - - - 5E-5 5E-4

W, see ¹¹⁰Sn - 5E+2 2E-7 8E-10 - -

50 Tin-121 D, see ¹¹⁰Sn 6E+3 2E+4 6E-6 2E-8 - -

LLI wall (6E+3) - - - 8E-5 8E-4

W, see ¹¹⁰Sn - 1E+4 5E-6 2E-8 - -

50 Tin-123m² D, see ¹¹⁰Sn 5E+4 1E+5 5E-5 2E-7 7E-4 7E-3

W, see ¹¹⁰Sn - 1E+5 6E-5 2E-7 - -

50 Tin-123 D, see ¹¹⁰Sn 5E+2 6E+2 3E-7 9E-10 - -

LLI wall (6E+2) - - - 9E-6 9E-5

W, see ¹¹⁰Sn - 2E+2 7E-8 2E-10 - -

50 Tin-125 D, see ¹¹⁰Sn 4E+2 9E+2 4E-7 1E-9 - -

LLI wall (5E+2) - - - 6E-6 6E-5

W, see ¹¹⁰Sn - 4E+2 1E-7 5E-10 - -

50 Tin-126 D, see ¹¹⁰Sn 3E+2 6E+1 2E-8 8E-11 4E-6 4E-5

W, see ¹¹⁰Sn - 7E+1 3E-8 9E-11 - -

50 Tin-127 D, see ¹¹⁰Sn 7E+3 2E+4 8E-6 3E-8 9E-5 9E-4

W, see ¹¹⁰Sn - 2E+4 8E-6 3E-8 - -

50 Tin-128² D, see ¹¹⁰Sn 9E+3 3E+4 1E-5 4E-8 1E-4 1E-3

W, see ¹¹⁰Sn - 4E+4 1E-5 5E-8 - -

51 Antimony-115² D, all compounds except
those given for W

8E+4

2E+5

1E-4

3E-7

1E-3

1E-2

W, oxides, hydroxides,
halides, sulfides,
sulfates, and nitrates

-

3E+5

1E-4

4E-7

-

-

51 Antimony-116m² D, see ¹¹⁵Sb 2E+4 7E+4 3E-5 1E-7 3E-4 3E-3

W, see ¹¹⁵Sb - 1E+5 6E-5 2E-7 - -

51 Antimony-116² D, see ¹¹⁵Sb 7E+4 3E+5 1E-4 4E-7 - -

St wall
(9E+4)
- - - 1E-3 1E-2

W, see ¹¹⁵Sb - 3E+5 1E-4 5E-7 - -

51 Antimony-117 D, see ¹¹⁵Sb 7E+4 2E+5 9E-5 3E-7 9E-4 9E-3

W, see ¹¹⁵Sb - 3E+5 1E-4 4E-7 - -

51 Antimony-118m D, see ¹¹⁵Sb 6E+3 2E+4 8E-6 3E-8 7E-5 7E-4

W, see ¹¹⁵Sb 5E+3 2E+4 9E-6 3E-8 - -

51 Antimony-119 D, see ¹¹⁵Sb 2E+4 5E+4 2E-5 6E-8 2E-4 2E-3

W, see ¹¹⁵Sb 2E+4 3E+4 1E-5 4E-8 - -

51 Antimony-120² D, see ¹¹⁵Sb 1E+5 4E+5 2E-4 6E-7 - -

(16 min) St wall (2E+5) - - - 2E-3 2E-2

W, see ¹¹⁵Sb - 5E+5 2E-4 7E-7 - -

51 Antimony-120
(5.76 d)
D, see ¹¹⁵Sb 1E+3 2E+3 9E-7 3E-9 1E-5 1E-4

W, see ¹¹⁵Sb 9E+2 1E+3 5E-7 2E-9 - -

51 Antimony-122 D, see ¹¹⁵Sb 8E+2 2E+3 1E-6 3E-9 - -

LLI wall (8E+2) - - - 1E-5 1E-4

W, see ¹¹⁵Sb 7E+2 1E+3 4E-7 2E-9 - -

51 Antimony-124m² D, see ¹¹⁵Sb 3E+5 8E+5 4E-4 1E-6 3E-3 3E-2

W, see ¹¹⁵Sb 2E+5 6E+5 2E-4 8E-7 - -

51 Antimony-124 D, see ¹¹⁵Sb 6E+2 9E+2 4E-7 1E-9 7E-6 7E-5

W, see ¹¹⁵Sb 5E+2 2E+2 1E-7 3E-10 - -

51 Antimony-125 D, see ¹¹⁵Sb 2E+3 2E+3 1E-6 3E-9 3E-5 3E-4

W, see ¹¹⁵Sb - 5E+2 2E-7 7E-10 - -

51 Antimony-126m² D, see ¹¹⁵Sb 5E+4 2E+5 8E-5 3E-7 - -

St wall
(7E+4)
- - - 9E-4 9E-3

W, see ¹¹⁵Sb - 2E+5 8E-5 3E-7 - -

51 Antimony-126 D, see ¹¹⁵Sb 6E+2 1E+3 5E-7 2E-9 7E-6 7E-5

W, see ¹¹⁵Sb 5E+2 5E+2 2E-7 7E-10 - -

51 Antimony-127 D, see ¹¹⁵Sb 8E+2 2E+3 9E-7 3E-9 - -

LLI wall (8E+2) - - - 1E-5 1E-4

W, see ¹¹⁵Sb 7E+2 9E+2 4E-7 1E-9 - -

51 Antimony-128² D, see ¹¹⁵Sb 8E+4 4E+5 2E-4 5E-7 - -

(10.4 min) St wall
(1E+5)

-

-

-

1E-3

1E-2

W, see ¹¹⁵Sb - 4E+5 2E-4 6E-7 - -

51 Antimony-128 D, see ¹¹⁵Sb 1E+3 4E+3 2E-6 6E-9 2E-5 2E-4

(9.01 h) W, see ¹¹⁵Sb - 3E+3 1E-6 5E-9 - -

51 Antimony-129 D, see ¹¹⁵Sb 3E+3 9E+3 4E-6 1E-8 4E-5 4E-4

W, see ¹¹⁵Sb - 9E+3 4E-6 1E-8 - -

51 Antimony-130² D, see ¹¹⁵Sb 2E+4 6E+4 3E-5 9E-8 3E-4 3E-3

W, see ¹¹⁵Sb - 8E+4 3E-5 1E-7 - -

51 Antimony-131² D, see ¹¹⁵Sb 1E+4 2E+4 1E-5 - - -

Thyroid (2E+4) Thyroid (4E+4) - 6E-8 2E-4 2E-3

W, see ¹¹⁵Sb - 2E+4 1E-5 - -

- Thyroid (4E+4) - 6E-8 - -

52 Tellurium-116 D, all compounds except
those given for W
8E+3 2E+4 9E-6 3E-8 1E-4 1E-3

W, oxides, hydroxides,
and nitrates
- 3E+4 1E-5 4E-8 - -

52 Tellurium-121m D, see ¹¹⁶Te 5E+2 2E+2 8E-8 - - -

Bone surf (7E+2) Bone surf (4E+2) - 5E-10 1E-5 1E-4

W, see ¹¹⁶Te - 4E+2 2E-7 6E-10 - -

52 Tellurium-121 D, see ¹¹⁶Te 3E+3 4E+3 2E-6 6E-9 4E-5 4E-4

W, see ¹¹⁶Te - 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 - -

52 Tellurium-123m D, see ¹¹⁶Te 6E+2 2E+2 9E-8 - - -

Bone surf (1E+3) Bone surf (5E+2) - 8E-10 1E-5 1E-4

W, see ¹¹⁶Te - 5E+2 2E-7 8E-10 - -

52 Tellurium-123 D, see ¹¹⁶Te 5E+2 2E+2 8E-8 - - -

Bone surf (1E+3) Bone surf (5E+2) - 7E-10 2E-5 2E-4

W, see ¹¹⁶Te - 4E+2 2E-7 - - -

- Bone surf (1E+3) - 2E-9 - -

52 Tellurium-125m D, see ¹¹⁶Te 1E+3 4E+2 2E-7 - - -

Bone surf (1E+3) Bone surf (1E+3) - 1E-9 2E-5 2E-4

W, see ¹¹⁶Te - 7E+2 3E-7 1E-9 - -

52 Tellurium-127m D, see ¹¹⁶Te 6E+2 3E+2 1E-7 - 9E-6 9E-5

- Bone surf (4E+2) - 6E-10 - -

W, see ¹¹⁶Te - 3E+2 1E-7 4E-10 - -

52 Tellurium-127 D, see ¹¹⁶Te 7E+3 2E+4 9E-6 3E-8 1E-4 1E-3

W, see ¹¹⁶Te - 2E+4 7E-6 2E-8 - -

52 Tellurium-129m D, see ¹¹⁶Te 5E+2 6E+2 3E-7 9E-10 7E-6 7E-5

W, see ¹¹⁶Te - 2E+2 1E-7 3E-10 - -

52 Tellurium-129² D, see ¹¹⁶Te 3E+4 6E+4 3E-5 9E-8 4E-4 4E-3

W, see ¹¹⁶Te - 7E+4 3E-5 1E-7 - -

52 Tellurium-131m D, see ¹¹⁶Te 3E+2 4E+2 2E-7 - - -

Thyroid (6E+2) Thyroid (1E+3) - 2E-9 8E-6 8E-5

W, see ¹¹⁶Te - 4E+2 2E-7 - - -

- Thyroid (9E+2) - 1E-9 - -

52 Tellurium-131² D, see ¹¹⁶Te 3E+3 5E+3 2E-6 - - -

Thyroid (6E+3) Thyroid (1E+4) - 2E-8 8E-5 8E-4

W, see ¹¹⁶Te - 5E+3 2E-6 - - -

- Thyroid (1E+4) - 2E-8 - -

52 Tellurium-132 D, see ¹¹⁶Te 2E+2 2E+2 9E-8 - - -

Thyroid (7E+2) Thyroid (8E+2) - 1E-9 9E-6 9E-5

W, see ¹¹⁶Te - 2E+2 9E-8 - - -

- Thyroid (6E+2) - 9E-10 - -

52 Tellurium-133m² D, see ¹¹⁶Te 3E+3 5E+3 2E-6 - - -

Thyroid (6E+3) Thyroid (1E+4) - 2E-8 9E-5 9E-4

W, see ¹¹⁶Te - 5E+3 2E-6 - - -

- Thyroid (1E+4) - 2E-8 - -

52 Tellurium-133² D, see ¹¹⁶Te 1E+4 2E+4 9E-6 - - -

Thyroid (3E+4) Thyroid (6E+4) - 8E-8 4E-4 4E-3

W, see ¹¹⁶Te - 2E+4 9E-6 - - -

- Thyroid (6E+4) - 8E-8 - -

52 Tellurium-134² D, see ¹¹⁶Te 2E+4 2E+4 1E-5 - - -

Thyroid (2E+4) Thyroid (5E+4) - 7E-8 3E-4 3E-3

W, see ¹¹⁶Te - 2E+4 1E-5 - - -

Thyroid

- (5E+4) - 7E-8 - -

53 Iodine-120m² D, all compounds 1E+4 2E+4 9E-6 3E-8 - -

Thyroid (1E+4) - - - 2E-4 2E-3

53 Iodine-120² D, all compounds 4E+3 9E+3 4E-6 - - -

Thyroid (8E+3) Thyroid (1E+4) - 2E-8 1E-4 1E-3

53 Iodine-121 D, all compounds 1E+4 2E+4 8E-6 - - -

Thyroid (3E+4) Thyroid (5E+4) - 7E-8 4E-4 4E-3

53 Iodine-123 D, all compounds 3E+3 6E+3 3E-6 - - -

Thyroid (1E+4) Thyroid (2E+4) - 2E-8 1E-4 1E-3

53 Iodine-124 D, all compounds 5E+1 8E+1 3E-8 - - -

Thyroid (2E+2) Thyroid (3E+2) - 4E-10 2E-6 2E-5

53 Iodine-125 D, all compounds 4E+1 6E+1 3E-8 - - -

Thyroid (1E+2) Thyroid
(2E+2)
- 3E-10 2E-6 2E-5

53 Iodine-126 D, all compounds 2E+1 4E+1 1E-8 - - -

Thyroid (7E+1) Thyroid (1E+2) - 2E-10 1E-6 1E-5

53 Iodine-128² D, all compounds 4E+4 1E+5 5E-5 2E-7 - -

St wall
(6E+4)
- - - 8E-4 8E-3

53 Iodine-129 D, all compounds 5E+0 9E+0 4E-9 - - -

Thyroid (2E+1) Thyroid (3E+1) - 4E-11 2E-7 2E-6

53 Iodine-130 D, all compounds 4E+2 7E+2 3E-7 - - -

Thyroid (1E+3) Thyroid (2E+3) - 3E-9 2E-5 2E-4

53 Iodine-131 D, all compounds 3E+1 5E+1 2E-8 - - -

Thyroid (9E+1) Thyroid (2E+2) - 2E-10 1E-6 1E-5

53 Iodine-132m² D, all compounds 4E+3 8E+3 4E-6 - - -

Thyroid (1E+4) <

LLI wall	=	lower large intestine wall;
St. wall	=	stomach wall;
Blad wall	=	bladder wall; and
Bone surf	=	bone surface.

		LIST OF ELEMENTS
Name	Symbol	Atomic Number	Name	Symbol	Atomic Number

Actinium	Ac	89	Molybdenum	Mo	42
Aluminum	Al	13	Neodymium	Nd	60
Americium	Am	95	Neptunium	Np	93
Antimony	Sb	51	Nickel	Ni	28
Argon	Ar	18	Nitrogen	N	7
Arsenic	As	33	Niobium	Nb	41
Astatine	At	85	Osmium	Os	76
Barium	Ba	56	Oxygen	O	8
Berkelium	Bk	97	Palladium	Pd	46
Beryllium	Be	4	Phosphorus	P	15
Bismuth	Bi	83	Platinum	Pt	78
Bromine	Br	35	Plutonium	Pu	94
Cadmium	Cd	48	Polonium	Po	84
Calcium	Ca	20	Potassium	K	19
Californium	Cf	98	Praseodymium	Pr	59
Carbon	C	6	Promethium	Pm	61
Cerium	Ce	58	Protactinium	Pa	91
Cesium	Cs	55	Radium	Ra	88
Chlorine	Cl	17	Radon	Rn	86
Chromium	Cr	24	Rhenium	Re	75
Cobalt	Co	27	Rhodium	Rh	45
Copper	Cu	29	Rubidium	Rb	37
Curium	Cm	96	Ruthenium	Ru	44
Dysprosium	Dy	66	Samarium	Sm	62
Einsteinium	Es	99	Scandium	Sc	21
Erbium	Er	68	Selenium	Se	34
Europium	Eu	63	Silicon	Si	14
Fermium	Fm	100	Silver	Ag	47
Fluorine	F	9	Sodium	Na	11
Francium	Fr	87	Strontium	Sr	38
Gadolinium	Gd	64	Sulfur	S	16
Gallium	Ga	31	Tantalum	Ta	73
Germanium	Ge	32	Technetium	Tc	43
Gold	Au	79	Tellurium	Te	52
Hafnium	Hf	72	Terbium	Tb	65
Holmium	Ho	67	Thallium	Tl	81
Hydrogen	H	1	Thorium	Th	90
Indium	In	49	Thulium	Tm	69
Iodine	I	53	Tin	Sn	50
Iridium	Ir	77	Titanium	Ti	22
Iron	Fe	26	Tungsten	W	74
Krypton	Kr	36	Uranium	U	92
Lanthanum	La	57	Vanadium	V	23
Lead	Pb	82	Xenon	Xe	54
Lutetium	Lu	71	Ytterbium	Yb	70
Magnesium	Mg	12	Yttrium	Y	39
Manganese	Mn	25	Zinc	Zn	30
Mendelevium	Md	101	Zirconium	Zr	40
Mercury	Hg	80