WSR 19-11-073
PROPOSED RULES
BUILDING CODE COUNCIL
[Filed May 16, 2019, 3:10 p.m.]
Original Notice.
Preproposal statement of inquiry was filed as WSR 18-09-085.
Title of Rule and Other Identifying Information: Chapter 51-11C WAC, Adoption and amendment of the 2018 Washington State Energy Code, Commercial.
Hearing Location(s): On July 12, 2019, at 10 a.m., at the Department of Enterprise Services, Presentation Room (1213), 1500 Jefferson Street, Olympia, WA 98504.
Date of Intended Adoption: July 26, 2019.
Submit Written Comments to: Doug Orth, Council Chair, P.O. Box 41449, Olympia, WA 98504-1449, email sbcc@des.wa.gov, by July 12, 2019.
Assistance for Persons with Disabilities: Contact Carrie Toebbe, phone 360-407-9255, email carrie.toebbe@des.wa.gov, by July 1, 2019.
Purpose of the Proposal and Its Anticipated Effects, Including Any Changes in Existing Rules: Update from the 2015 edition of the Washington State Energy Code (WSEC) to the 2018 edition, incorporating changes from the 2018 International Energy Conservation Code and those code changes submitted to increase energy savings and provide better clarity.
Below are highlights of the significant changes in the 2018 WSEC. A complete description of all changes can be found at https://fortress.wa.gov/es/apps/sbcc/File.ashx?cid=8371.
Please note that Sections C402.1.5, C404.6, C503 and C505 are not in numerical order and can be found at the end of the filing document.
Section C303.1.5: Default table and associated equations and specifications for curtain wall and spandrel panels is added from the Seattle Energy Code.
Throughout Chapter 4: Exceptions previously provided for site-recovered or site-renewable energy were removed as they have become a more integral part of the code and satisfy an option in Section C406.
Section C402.1.1.3 Greenhouses. A new section is added to define exactly when a greenhouse is exempt from the envelope requirements of WSEC.
Table C402.4 Building envelope fenestration maximum U-factor and SHGC requirements. This table was revised to include Class AW windows for curtain wall systems and similar fenestration. All other metal windows will now be included in the same category as nonmetal windows and will need to meet those U-factors.
Section C402.4.1.1 Increased vertical fenestration area with daylight responsive controls. This section was revised to require fifty percent of the conditioned floor area to be within a daylight zone regardless of building height.
Section C402.5.1.2 Building test/air infiltration. The allowable air leakage rate was reduced to 0.25 cfm per square foot, and the building is required to meet this threshold without exception. A correlated change was made to Section C406.9 to lower the infiltration rate in the additional energy credit section t0 [to] 0.17 cfm per square foot.
Section C402.5.6 Loading dock weatherseals. The code now specifically requires that loading dock doors provide weatherseals that provide direct contact with the top and sides of vehicles.
Section C403 of the 2018 International Energy Conservation Code was extensive[ly] reorganized to be easier to use, reduce redundancies and be more specific to equipment type. Most of this language is marked as a change, but the language itself has not changed in most cases - just the location. These changes are reflected in the 2018 WSEC. For a crosswalk of this change, see https://fortress.wa.gov/es/apps/sbcc/File.ashx?cid=8370.
Section C403.1.1HVAC total system performance ratio (HVAC TSPR). A new requirement is added for those buildings required to comply with the DOAS section. This section, along with new Appendix D, compares the intended mechanical system against a prototype system to ensure a baseline efficiency is met. PNNL is expected to release a tool to perform the calculations; however, the appendix provides all inputs for alternate computer modeling to be used.
Section C403.1.3Data centers. This section sets ASHRAE standard 130, with some modifications, as the standard for data centers.
Section C403.4.1.6 Door switches for HVAC thermostatic control. A new section was added to limit energy loss when doors to the outside are left open, based on a California requirement.
Section C403.4.2.3 Automatic start and stop. This section now adds requirements for automatic stop controls for HVAC systems.
Sections C403.4.2.4 Exhaust system off-hour controls, andC403.4.2.5 Transfer and destratification fan system off-hour controls.New sections for off-hour scheduling for fan systems.
Section C403.4.7.1Combustion decorative appliance controls. This section introduces requirements to shut down combustion appliances and combustion fireplaces and fire pits when the space is unoccupied.
Section C403.9.8 Heat recovery for space heating. New section to require heat recovery chillers where projects have a consistent heat sink for heat rejection.
Section C403.12 High efficiency single-zone variable air volume (VAV) systems. A new section for single zone VAV systems was added.
Section C405.2.4 Daylighting. New terms are introduced, sidelit and toplit.
Table C405.4.2 Lighting power allowance. There are three different options up for public comment. Option 1 provides an estimated 4.5 percent energy savings over the current code. Option 2 provides an estimated nine percent savings. Option 3 is estimated to be a fifteen percent savings.
Section C405.5 Exterior lighting power allowance. The exterior lighting section has been reformatted to more closely resemble the interior lighting section.
Section C406 Efficiency packages. This section was reorganized to provide table of options with assigned points and indications of which occupancy types those options would apply to.
Section C407 Total building performance. This section now sends you to ASHRAE 90.1 Appendix G for performance-based compliance. A new table was added to reference all mandatory measures applicable to this path. The performance metric was switched to carbon emissions. A limit was also set on envelope reductions.
Section C409 Energy metering. Section C409.1 adds end use metering requirements for on-site renewable energy and electric vehicle charging stations. The requirements for on-site systems is also further clarified in C409.2.4. Section C409.1.3 adds a pointer to other code sections with metering requirements for dwelling units. Section C409.3 adds an exemption for minor loads and some health care facility loads, as well as electrical circuits serving only sleeping units. Section C409.3 also adds additional end use metering requirements for lighting systems, plug loads and process loads. Some tenant spaces comprising the majority of a floor must have metering data available to the tenant. Section C409.4.3 details changes on the display and reporting of data.
Section C410 Refrigeration systems. Tables are updated to the latest federal requirements.
Section C411 Solar readiness. Requires forty percent of net roof area to be minimally prepared for future installation of solar PV arrays, and for space to be provided near the electrical service entry for future equipment.
Chapter 5, Existing buildings. Clarifications and editorial changes to enhance understanding and compliance. The existing building economizer table was updated.
Two new appendix chapters are proposed:
1. Appendix D: HVAC TSPR. A new requirement is added for those buildings required to comply with the DOAS section. New Section C403.1.1, along with new Appendix D, compares the intended mechanical system against a prototype system to ensure a baseline efficiency is met.
2. Appendix F: Outcome-based energy budget. This is an optional appendix that jurisdictions may adopt to provide an alternate outcome-based energy budget compliance option.
Reasons Supporting Proposal: The proposal helps increase energy efficiency towards the goals in RCW
19.27A.160 and Executive Order 16-07 and provides additional clarity in regulations to assist both builders and enforcers.
Rule is not necessitated by federal law, federal or state court decision.
Agency Comments or Recommendations, if any, as to Statutory Language, Implementation, Enforcement, and Fiscal Matters: In addition to comments on all of the proposed changes, the Washington state building code council (council) is looking for testimony and guidance on Table C405.4.2 Lighting power allowance. There are three different options proposed for public comment. Option 1 provides an estimated 4.5 percent energy savings over the current code. Option 2 provides an estimated nine percent savings. Option 3 is estimated to be a fifteen percent savings.
Name of Proponent: Council and various stakeholders, governmental.
Name of Agency Personnel Responsible for Drafting and Implementation: Krista Braaksma, 1500 Jefferson [Street] S.E., P.O. Box 41449, Olympia, WA, 360-407-9278; and Enforcement: Local jurisdictions.
A school district fiscal impact statement is not required under RCW
28A.305.135.
A cost-benefit analysis is required under RCW
34.05.328. A preliminary cost-benefit analysis may be obtained by contacting Richard Brown, 1500 Jefferson [Street] S.E., P.O. Box 41449, Olympia, WA 98504-1449, phone 360-407-9277, email
Richard.Brown@des.wa.gov.
The proposed rule does impose more-than-minor costs on businesses.
There are costs imposed by the proposed rules but the costs do not fall disproportionately on small businesses. These rules will not affect the distribution of impacted work, whether by small businesses or not, doing the work. The rules do not impact employment, reporting or recordkeeping.
Description: The council is filing a proposed rule to adopt the updated 2015 edition of the International Energy Conservation Code with state amendments, known as the 2015 WSEC: Chapters 51-11R and 51-11C WAC. Since 1985 the council has been responsible to update to new editions of the building code per RCW
19.27.074.
The administrative compliance requirements are under the authority of the local government. RCW
19.27.050, Enforcement activities including permit issuance, plan review and approval, and inspections occur at the local level. Requirements for construction document submittal and other reporting requirements are determined by the local jurisdiction and are consistent with previously established policies. The proposed amendments to chapter 51-51 WAC include specific technical requirements for building construction to be consistent with national standards.
WSEC is updated every three years by the council. The code development process conducted by the model code organization is open to all interest groups within the design and construction industry and from governmental organizations. See www.iccsafe.org for more information about the model code development process.
Professional Services: Washington has had a statewide building code in effect since 1974. The local enforcement authority having jurisdiction administers the codes through the building and/or fire departments. Administrative procedures for state building code compliance are established and will not be changed by the adoption of the update to the current building codes. Small businesses will employ the same types of professional services for the design and construction of buildings and systems to comply with the state building code.
The proposed rule updates the state building code and does not require additional equipment, supplies, labor or other services. Services needed to comply with the building code are existing within the construction industry as required by the local authority having jurisdiction.
Costs of Compliance for Businesses: The council accepts proposals to amend WSEC to meet the legislative goals. The statewide code amendment proposal process is defined in chapter 51-04 WAC and the council bylaws. Proposals must increase the energy efficiency in buildings. Each proponent must identify where a proposed amendment has an economic impact and must quantify costs. The council developed a specific set of forms for WSEC, so proponents could identify where a proposed amendment was editorial, technical or a policy change.
The council received one hundred seventy-one proposals to improve WSEC. The Energy Code technical advisory group (TAG) recommended approval of one hundred twenty-four amendments as submitted or as modified. Twenty-one proposed amendments were identified by TAG as having a significant cost.
The Energy Code TAG and the council economic workgroup determined there is a cost for compliance on businesses for the following proposed state amendments. The council recommended filing the proposed rule to allow input through the public hearing process.
1. WSEC C402.1.1, C402.1.1.1, and C402.1.1.3 Low energy buildings, and semi-heated buildings and greenhouses (Proposal Env013-2018 Revised 6/15/18): Savings: Creates a new compliance path and defines nonopaque thermal envelope requirements. The primary economic impact is a significant reduction in energy consumption through the use of increased envelope insulation. Predicts an annual energy savings of 375 KBTU/square foot.
2. WSEC Table C402.4 Semi-heated buildings and spaces (Proposal Env035-2018): Window requirements are recategorized to reflect window construction. This will reduce the energy use from multifamily [dwelling units] by requiring more efficient windows for punched window openings (typically installed in multifamily dwelling units). Predicts a utility bill reduction of $0.06/square foot. Total cost difference of windows/square foot of project (33,700 sq.ft.) = $0.06 incremental cost increase. Predicted annual energy savings is 0.004 KWH/square foot.
3. WSEC C402.1.1.1 Increased vertical fenestration area with daylight responsive controls (Proposal Env038-2018 Revised 7/13/18): Savings[:] The fraction of floor area required to be in daylight zones is increased. The cost of this proposal depends upon fixture makeup. Projects using significant amounts of track lighting may see, or wall sconce fixtures will see, reduced costs. Projects not using these fixtures will need to purchase slightly more efficient fixtures. The savings from this proposal will be modest. Reducing the number of projects needing to document the net floor area and the dlz to net floor area fraction should decrease plan review time.
4. WSEC C402.5.1.2, C403.2.2.1, and C406.9 - C402.5.1.2 Building Test, C403.2.2.1 Ventilation – Group R-2, and C406.9 Reduced Air Infiltration (Proposal Env046-2018 Revised 7/13/18): Addresses improvements for building enclosure quality and durability along with providing balanced mechanical ventilation with heat recovery to multifamily living units reducing overall building energy use, annual heating demand, and peak heating load - all combining to reduce heating equipment sizes while delivering improved thermal comfort. Also cost-effectively provides balanced ventilation with filtered outdoor air delivered to living spaces, a substantial health and well-being benefit to occupants and tenants. Modeling a four story multifamily structure there is an estimated nineteen percent reduction in building energy use, forty-seven percent reduction in annual heating demand, and thirty-seven percent reduction in peak heating load. For the C406 option there is a predicted twenty-four percent reduction in building energy use, sixty-one percent reduction in annual heating demand, and fifty-two percent reduction in peak heating load. The ten story multifamily model yielded a twenty-three percent reduction in building energy use, fifty-three percent reduction in annual heating demand, and reduction in peak heating load. The C406 option yielded thirty-one percent reduction in building energy use, seventy percent reduction in heating demand, and fifty-seven percent reduction in peak heating load. For a medium size office building baseline model with 33 EUI, modeling results are a fifteen percent reduction in building energy use, twenty-eight percent reduction in annual heating demand, and twenty-eight percent reduction in peak heating demand. The C406 models a twenty-three percent reduction in building energy use, forty-two percent reduction in annual heating demand, and forty-four percent reduction in peak heating load.
5. WSEC Definitions, C403.1.1, TABLE C407.2, C406.2, Appendix E - Total system performance ratio, MANDATORY COMPLIANCE MEASURES FOR HVAC TOTAL BUILDING PERFORMANCE METHOD, More efficient HVAC equipment and fan performance, Appendix E Calculation of HVAC Total System Performance Ratio (Proposal EM050-2018 Modified 8/1018 [8/10/18]): Requires a more efficient HVAC system that will reduce life cycle costs for owners or tenants of retail buildings, schools, and office buildings. The exact economic impact will vary based on building type and selected HVAC systems. As an example, when a stand-alone retail store designed with standard efficiency air source heat pumps with economizers, DOAS, and high efficiency sensible energy recovery is compared to the same building with a baseline system consisting of a standard efficiency gas furnace without economizer, DOAS, and minimum efficiency sensible energy recovery the estimate of the construction cost is $0.16/square foot. Code official might need to spend 0.5 to 1.5 hours reviewing the submitted material. Potentially less once familiar with the process.
1. WSEC C403.4.2.3 - Automatic start and stop (Proposal EM070-2018 Revised 7/27/18): Requires automatic stop in addition to automatic start to further reduce overall HVAC energy use by adding a control scheme to further reduce heating and cooling energy as the building enters the unoccupied period. Reduces energy consumption with existing building controls. Estimated construction cost is $0.000375/square foot. Estimated annual energy savings is 0.313 KWH/square foot. No significant additional review time expected.
2. WSEC C403.4.7.1 - Decorative vented appliance and fire pit controls (Proposal EM075-2018 Revised 7/27/18): Adds an end use metering category for electric vehicle charging stations. Owners will better understand energy for transportation used and for renewable energy created on their building sites. Some type of switch is already required. This is just a slightly more expensive switch: ~$25-50 per appliance. Estimated annual energy savings is KWH/square foot or KBTU/square foot depends on usage. No additional time is anticipated for compliance review and inspection.
3. WSEC C403.7.9 – Shutoff dampers (Proposal EM091-2018 Revised 8/3/18): Savings[:] Does not require motorized dampers on small exhaust fans or systems intended for continuous operation. For a 6" exhaust system saves $138.69 without accounting for additional control requirements.
4. WSEC C403.8.4 - Group R occupancy exhaust fan efficacy (Proposal EM097-2018). Requires that exhaust fans installed in mid- to high-rise residential [buildings] comply with minimum fan efficacy requirements and updates the requirements to the latest Energy Star requirement (Version 4.0). Using conservative fan efficacy values results in an energy savings of 0.067 KWH/square foot. No additional plan review or inspection time is required.
5. WSEC Table C403.8.5.1 - Fan control (Proposal EM098-2018): Requires smaller fans in DX cooling systems to have two speed fan control. Uses commonly available fan controls for a wider range of cooling unit fans. Savings = 700 KWH/Yr or $70/Yr at $0.10/KWH. Incremental cost for two speed or variable speed motor and controls is $500.
6. WSEC C403.5, C403.7.7.1, and C403.9 - Economizers, Energy recovery ventilation systems, Heat recovery for space heating (Proposal EM099-2018 Revised 7/27/18): Requires heat recovery chillers/heat pumps in situations where there is a constant relationship between heat rejected from the building and heat required for reheat/tempering of zones with high minimum airflows. Estimated construction cost is $2/square foot. Estimated annual energy savings is 50 KBTU/square foot.
7. WSEC C401.2 and C402.2 - High input-rated service water heating systems, Renewable and site-recovered heat (Proposal EW101-2018 Revised 8/10/18): Requires more high-output water heating system. Estimated annual energy savings is 2.071 KWH/square foot. Gas Central DHW to 95 EF Gas Central Storage DHW - Install gas central boiler to serve all of the apartment units $0.28/square foot. Estimated annual energy savings is 4.1 KBTU/square foot. No additional time is required by the plan review and inspection staff to enforce this provision.
8. WSEC C405.2 - Lighting controls (Proposal EL113-2018 Revised 7/27/18): Savings[:] Adds interior lighting controls to WSEC based on the existing requirements in ASHARE 90.1-2016. Also clarifies requirements for warehouse and other spaces with fifty percent dimming requirements. Estimated annual energy savings: 1) Corridor OS Control: 1.67 KWH/square foot of treatment, 2) Stairwell OS Control: 2.4 KWH/square foot of treatment, and 3) Parking OS Control: 0.33 KWH/square foot of treatment.
9. WSEC C405.4.1 - Total connected interior lighting power (Proposal EL118-2018): Savings[:] Adds a luminous efficacy statement to ensure that incandescent lamps will not be allowed. Estimated annual energy savings: 1) Corridor OS Control: 1.67 KWH/square foot of treatment, 2) Stairwell OS Control: 2.4 KWH/square foot of treatment, and 3) Parking OS Control: 0.33 KWH/square foot of treatment.
10. WSEC C405.4.1, TABLE C405.4.2 Definitions, Total connected interior lighting power, INTERIOR LIGHTING POWER ALLOWANCES: BUILDING AREA METHOD, INTERIOR LIGHTING POWER ALLOWANCES: SPACE-BY-SPACE METHOD, BUILDING SPECIFIC SPACE-BY-SPACE TYPES (Proposal EL119-2018 Revised 8/10/18): Savings[:] Modifies the connected lighting power equation, the lighting power allowance ceiling height adjustment, and the lighting power allowances. The cost of this proposal depends upon fixture makeup. Projects using significant amounts of track, can, or wall sconce fixtures will see reduced costs. Projects not using these fixtures will need to purchase slightly more efficient fixtures. Estimated annual energy savings is 0.175 KWH/square foot. The savings will be modest. In office, lighting power will be reduced 10.7 percent from 0.66 W/sf to 0.59 W/sf. Assuming 2500 hours per year of operation. Assuming VRF heating and cooling the interactive effects will cancel out.
11. WSEC C405.5.1 - Exterior building grounds lighting (Proposal EL122-2018 Revised 8/8/18): Requires exterior grounds lighting greater than fifty watts meet minimum efficacy requirements of one hundred lumens/watt or greater or eighty lumens per watt if less than or equal to fifty watts. Also allows for lower efficacy luminaire sources if they are connected by automatic lighting controls, are solar powered or exempted. Estimated cost is $0.14 square foot. Estimated annual energy savings is 0.178 KWH/square foot. No additional enforcement time is required. This requirement is currently in the code and is just being updated.
12. WSEC C406, C406.10 - EFFICIENCY PACKAGE, Enhanced commercial kitchen equipment (Proposal EO127-2018 Revised 8/10/18): Provides a targeted option for commercial kitchens to comply with code while saving substantial energy using cost-effective efficient equipment. The primary economic impact is a reduction in energy consumption through the purchase of efficient commercial cooking equipment. There is a direct benefit to the building owner and business via a reduction in energy costs related to reduced energy consumption from food service equipment with high run hours. Estimated construction cost is $1.55/square foot. Estimated annual energy savings is 22.6 KBTU/square foot.
13. WSEC C406.11 - High performance service water heating in multifamily buildings (Proposal EO130*2018 Revised 8/10/18): Provides an additional measure for heat pump water heating in multifamily buildings. Estimated annual energy savings is 1.75 KWH/square foot (or) 6 KBTU/square foot; for residential projects, 1750 KWH/dwelling unit.
14. WSEC Primarily Section C407, but related requirements in C401.2, C402.4.1.3, C402.4.1.4, C403.5, C403.6.10 - Adoption of ASHRAE 90.1 Appendix G for Performance-based compliance (Proposal EP141-2018): Replaces the current whole building performance path in the code with the procedures ASHRAE Standard 90.1 Appendix G along with Washington state specific performance targets to maintain the stringency of the Washington code. The proposal is expected to save modeling costs for building owners pursuing LEED, Standard 189.1 (IGCC) or other beyond code programs since a second baseline model will not be needed. It could potentially save additional modeling costs if software becomes available to automate the process generating the baseline models. Jurisdiction review costs should be reduced if nationally developed compliance documentation is required. Estimated construction cost is $0.07/square foot for a 50,000 sq.ft. building. Typical modeling costs vary significantly, but an estimate of $0.18 - $0.24/ft2 for a 50,000 sq.ft. building with a single baseline model is reasonable. If a second baseline model is needed, costs can be expected to increase by 1/3 or about $0.07/ft2. Codes enforcement time is expected to decrease based on available compliance documentation, higher quality of models due to a more universal ruleset, and potential elimination of the baseline model review if automated software is used.
15. WSEC C408, C410, C501.7 - Chapter 4 Commercial Energy Efficiency, Chapter 5 Existing Buildings (Proposal EC150-2018 Revised 8/3/18): Changes the scope of commissioning requirements. Implementing an entire commissioning process for a new construction project is approximately $1.16/square foot or 0.4 percent of project cost.
16. WSEC C409.3 End-use metering (Proposal E155-2018 Revised 10/8/18): Requires end-use metering for lighting, plug loads, and process equipment (in addition to HVAC and water heating). Best case: All end-uses are separated/isolated at the main electrical switchgear. Cost estimate: $2,000 meter + $1,000 controls + $2,000 markups/Cx = $5,000 per meter. Total cost for three additional meters (lighting, plug, process) = $15,000 per building. Worse [Worst] case: Electrical distribution requires multiple submeters throughout the building in order to distinguish between load types. Cost will vary greatly depending on the size and type of building, as well as the design of the electrical distribution system.
Loss of Sales or Revenue: The proposed rules make the state code for building construction consistent with national standards. Businesses with new products or updated test or design standards are recognized in the updated building code. For these businesses there will be a gain in sales and revenue.
The results of reduced energy use in buildings include avoiding the need for new power generation, reducing environmental impact, and providing local employment. The legislative findings state that energy efficiency is the cheapest, quickest, and cleanest way to meet rising energy needs, confront climate change, and boost our economy.
Cost of Compliance for Small Businesses: The majority of businesses affected by the updates to the building codes are small businesses; over ninety-five percent of those listed in the construction and related industries have under fifty employees. The costs per employee are comparable between the largest businesses and the majority of small businesses. The cost to comply with the updated codes is not a disproportionate impact on small business[es]. Where the council found the cost of compliance for small businesses to be disproportionate, the proposed rule mitigates the cost. The proposed rules include a definition of small business[es] and provide exceptions for compliance with the updated rule.
Small Businesses Involved in the Development of the Rule: The council conducted open public meetings of the Energy Code TAG, available via telephone conference bridge and over the internet, and allowed comment on every item on every agenda. The council appointed over one hundred representatives of all segments of the business and construction community to serve on the TAGs.
List of Industries: Below is a list of industries required to comply with the building code:
NAICS Code | NAICS Code Definition | Number of Establish-ments in Washington State | TOTAL Annual Payroll | TOTAL Annual Revenue | AVG Annual Payroll | AVG Annual Revenue | 1% of AVG Annual Payroll | 0.3% of AVG Annual Revenue |
236115 | New single-family housing construction (except for-sale builders) | 1261 | $186,272,000 | —- | $147,718 | —- | $1,477 | —- |
236116 | New multifamily housing construction (except for-sale builders) | 45 | $54,622,000 | —- | $1,213,822 | —- | $12,138 | —- |
236118 | Residential remodelers | 2777 | $318,180,000 | $1,536,217,000 | $114,577 | $553,193 | $1,146 | $1,660 |
236210 | Industrial building construction | 53 (s) | $99,790,000 | —- | —- | —- | —- | —- |
236220 | Commercial and institutional building construction | 862 | $772,473,000 | $6,925,925,000 | $896,140 | $8,034,716 | $8,961 | $24,104 |
238110 | Poured concrete foundation and structure contractors | 511 | $144,643,000 | $479,256,000 | $283,059 | $937,879 | $2,831 | $2,814 |
238120 | Structural steel and precast concrete contractors | 68 | $93,454,000 | $336,100,000 | $1,374,324 | $4,942,647 | $13,743 | $14,828 |
238130 | Framing contractors | 417 | $79,196,000 | $279,226,000 | $189,918 | $669,607 | $1,899 | $2,009 |
238140 | Masonry contractors | 293 | $74,067,000 | $215,274,000 | $252,788 | $734,724 | $2,528 | $2,204 |
238150 | Glass and glazing contractors | 141 | $67,626,000 | $237,985,000 | $479,617 | $1,687,837 | $4,796 | $5,064 |
238160 | Roofing contractors | 537 | $179,942,000 | $660,911,000 | $335,088 | $1,230,747 | $3,351 | $3,692 |
238170 | Siding contractors | 327 | $58,557,000 | $286,471,000 | $179,073 | $876,058 | $1,791 | $2,628 |
238190 | Other foundation, structure, and building exterior contractors | 113 | $37,585,000 | $123,771,000 | $332,611 | $1,095,319 | $3,326 | $3,286 |
238210 | Electrical contractors and other wiring installation contractors | 1847 | $940,854,000 | $3,026,762,000 | $509,396 | $1,638,745 | $5,094 | $4,916 |
238220 | Plumbing, heating, and air-conditioning contractors | 1664 | $959,976,000 | $3,169,548,000 | $576,909 | $1,904,776 | $5,769 | $5,714 |
238290 | Other building equipment contractors | 81 | $117,696,000 | —- | $1,453,037 | —- | $14,530 | —- |
238310 | Drywall and insulation contractors | 653 | $282,929,000 | $723,945,000 | $433,276 | $1,108,644 | $4,333 | $3,325 |
238990 | All other specialty trade contractors | 547 | $182,710,000 | $573,308,000 | $334,022 | $1,048,095 | $3,340 | $3,144 |
321213 | Engineered wood member (except truss) manufacturing | 11 | $14,216,000 | $79,051,000 | $1,292,364 | $7,186,455 | $12,924 | $21,559 |
321214 | Truss manufacturing | 22 | —- | —- | —- | —- | —- | —- |
321219 | Reconstituted wood product manufacturing | 3 | —- | —- | —- | —- | —- | —- |
321911 | Wood window and door manufacturing | 39 | $37,814,000 | $145,137,000 | $969,590 | $3,721,462 | $9,696 | $11,164 |
321992 | Prefabricated wood building manufacturing | 18 | $6,891,000 | —- | $382,833 | —- | $382,833 | —- |
327310 | Cement manufacturing | 7 | —- | —- | —- | —- | —- | —- |
327320 | Ready-mix concrete manufacturing | 93 | $74,457,000 | —- | $800,613 | —- | $8,006 | —- |
327331 | Concrete block and brick manufacturing | 18 | $11,218,000 | —- | $623,222 | —- | $6,232 | —- |
332311 | Prefabricated metal building and component manufacturing | 9 | $3,564,000 | —- | $396,000 | —- | $3,960 | —- |
332312 | Fabricated structural metal manufacturing | 94 | $125,755,000 | —- | $1,337,819 | —- | $13,378 | —- |
332321 | Metal window and door manufacturing | 16 | $23,776,000 | —- | $1,486,000 | —- | $14,860 | —- |
332322 | Sheet metal work manufacturing | 122 | $122,956,000 | $573,443,000 | $1,007,836 | $4,700,352 | $10,078 | $14,101 |
335121 | Residential electric lighting fixture manufacturing | 9 | —- | —- | —- | —- | —- | —- |
335122 | Commercial, industrial, and institutional electric lighting fixture manufacturing | 8 | $2,625,000 | —- | $328,125 | —- | $3,281 | —- |
335129 | Other lighting equipment manufacturing | 4 | —- | —- | —- | —- | —- | —- |
423720 | Plumbing and heating equipment and supplies (hydronics) merchant wholesalers | 168 | $82,225,000 | $897,748,000 | $489,435 | $5,343,738 | $4,894 | $16,031 |
541310 | Architectural services | 635 | $326,798,000 | $921,033,000 | $514,643 | $1,450,446 | $5,146 | $4,351 |
541330 | Engineering services | 1599 | $1,758,825,000 | $3,946,553,000 | $1,099,953 | $2,468,138 | $11,000 | $7,404 |
541350 | Building inspection services | 154 | $9,724,000 | $28,297,000 | $63,143 | $183,747 | $631 | $551 |
561621 | Security systems services (except locksmiths) | 109 | $86,072,000 | $233,388,000 | $789,651 | $2,141,174 | $7,897 | $6,424 |
Note: | Data is blank in some fields to protect data source. |
Data Source: | Economic Census of the United States |
A copy of the statement may be obtained by contacting Richard Brown, 1500 Jefferson [Street] S.E., P.O. Box 41449, Olympia, WA 98504-1449, phone 360-407-9277, email Richard.Brown@des.wa.gov.
May 8, 2019
Doug Orth
Council Chair
Chapter 51-11C WAC
STATE BUILDING CODE ADOPTION AND AMENDMENT OF THE ((2015))2018 EDITION OF THE INTERNATIONAL ENERGY CONSERVATION CODE, COMMERCIAL
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 17-17-162, filed 8/23/17, effective 10/1/17)
WAC 51-11C-10100Section C101—Scope and general requirements.
C101.1 Title. This code shall be known as the Washington State Energy Code, and shall be cited as such. It is referred to herein as "this code."
C101.2 Scope. This code applies to commercial buildings and the buildings sites and associated systems and equipment. References in this code to Group R shall include Group I-1, Condition 2 assisted living facilities licensed by Washington state under chapter 388-78A WAC and Group I-1, Condition 2 residential treatment facilities licensed by Washington state under chapter 246-337 WAC. Building areas that contain Group R sleeping units, regardless of the number of stories in height, are required to comply with the commercial sections of the energy code.
EXCEPTION: | The provisions of this code do not apply to temporary growing structures used solely for the commercial production of horticultural plants including ornamental plants, flowers, vegetables, and fruits. A temporary growing structure is not considered a building for the purposes of this code. However, the installation of other than listed, portable mechanical equipment or listed, portable lighting fixtures is not allowed. |
C101.3 Intent. This code shall regulate the design and construction of buildings for the use and conservation of energy over the life of each building. This code is intended to provide flexibility to permit the use of innovative approaches and techniques to achieve this objective. This code is not intended to abridge safety, health or environmental requirements contained in other applicable codes or ordinances.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-03-072, filed 1/19/16, effective 7/1/16)
WAC 51-11C-10140Section C101.4—Applicability.
C101.4 Applicability. Where, in any specific case, different sections of this code specify different materials, methods of construction or other requirements, the most restrictive shall govern. Where there is a conflict between a general requirement and a specific requirement, the specific requirement shall govern.
C101.4.1Mixed ((occupancy))residential and commercial buildings. Where a building includes both residential building and commercial((occupancies, each occupancy))building portions, each portion shall be separately considered and meet the applicable provisions of WSEC—Commercial Provisions or WSEC—Residential Provisions.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-03-072, filed 1/19/16, effective 7/1/16)
WAC 51-11C-10150Section C101.5—Compliance.
C101.5 Compliance.Residential buildings shall meet the provisions of WSEC—Residential Provisions. Commercial buildings shall meet the provisions of WSEC—Commercial Provisions.
C101.5.1 Compliance materials. The code official shall be permitted to approve specific computer software, worksheets, compliance manuals and other similar materials that meet the intent of this code.
C101.6 Appendices. Appendices A, B, C, and D are included in the adoption of this code. Provisions in Appendices E and F shall not apply unless specifically adopted by the local jurisdiction.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 13-04-056, filed 2/1/13, effective 7/1/13)
WAC 51-11C-10200Section C102—((Alternate materials—Method))Alternative materials, design and methods of construction((, design or insulating systems))and equipment.
C102.1 General.The provisions of this code ((is))are not intended to prevent the ((use of any material, method of construction, design or insulating system not specifically prescribed herein, provided that such construction, design or insulating system has been approved by the code official as meeting the intent of this code))installation of any material, or to prohibit any design or method of construction not specifically prescribed by this code, provided that any such alternative has been approved. An alternative material, design or method of construction shall be approved where the code official finds that the proposed design is satisfactory and complies with the intent of the provisions of this code, and that the material, method or work offered is, for the purpose intended, not less than the equivalent of that prescribed in this code in quality, strength, effectiveness, fire resistance, durability and safety. Where the alternative material, design or method of construction is not approved, the code official shall respond in writing, stating the reasons why the alternative was not approved.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-24-070, filed 12/6/16, effective 5/1/17)
WAC 51-11C-10300Section C103—Construction documents.
C103.1 General. Construction documents and other supporting data shall be submitted in one or more sets with each application for a permit. The construction documents shall be prepared by a registered design professional where required by the statutes of the jurisdiction in which the project is to be constructed. Where special conditions exist, the code official is authorized to require necessary construction documents to be prepared by a registered design professional.
EXCEPTION: | The code official is authorized to waive the requirements for construction documents or other supporting data if the code official determines they are not necessary to confirm compliance with this code. |
C103.2 Information on construction documents. Construction documents shall be drawn to scale upon suitable material. Electronic media documents are permitted to be submitted when approved by the code official. Construction documents shall be of sufficient clarity to indicate the location, nature and extent of the work proposed, and show in sufficient detail pertinent data and features of the building, systems and equipment as herein governed. Details shall include, but are not limited to, as applicable:
1. Insulation materials and their R-values.
2. Fenestration U-factors and SHGCs.
3. Area-weighted U-factor and SHGC calculations.
4. Mechanical system design criteria.
5. Mechanical and service water heating system and equipment types, sizes and efficiencies.
6. Economizer description.
7. Equipment and systems controls.
8. Fan motor horsepower (hp) and controls.
9. Duct sealing, duct and pipe insulation and location.
10. Lighting fixture schedule with wattage and control narrative.
11. Location of daylight zones on floor plan.
12. Air barrier details including all air barrier boundaries and associated square foot calculations on all six sides of the air barrier as applicable.
C103.2.1 Building thermal envelope depiction. The building's thermal envelope shall be represented on the construction documents.
C103.3 Examination of documents. The code official shall examine or cause to be examined the accompanying construction documents and shall ascertain whether the construction indicated and described is in accordance with the requirements of this code and other pertinent laws or ordinances.
C103.3.1 Approval of construction documents. When the code official issues a permit where construction documents are required, the construction documents shall be endorsed in writing and stamped "Reviewed for Code Compliance." Such approved construction documents shall not be changed, modified or altered without authorization from the code official. Work shall be done in accordance with the approved construction documents.
One set of construction documents so reviewed shall be retained by the code official. The other set shall be returned to the applicant, kept at the site of work and shall be open to inspection by the code official or a duly authorized representative.
C103.3.2 Previous approvals. This code shall not require changes in the construction documents, construction or designated occupancy of a structure for which a lawful permit has been heretofore issued or otherwise lawfully authorized, and the construction of which has been pursued in good faith within 180 days after the effective date of this code and has not been abandoned.
C103.3.3 Phased approval. The code official shall have the authority to issue a permit for the construction of part of an energy conservation system before the construction documents for the entire system have been submitted or approved, provided adequate information and detailed statements have been filed complying with all pertinent requirements of this code. The holders of such permit shall proceed at their own risk without assurance that the permit for the entire energy conservation system will be granted.
C103.4 Amended construction documents. Changes made during construction that are not in compliance with the approved construction documents shall be resubmitted for approval as an amended set of construction documents.
C103.5 Retention of construction documents. One set of approved construction documents shall be retained by the code official for a period of not less than 180 days from date of completion of the permitted work, or as required by state or local laws.
C103.6 Building documentation and close out submittal requirements. The construction documents shall specify that the documents described in this section be provided to the building owner or owner's authorized agent within ((180))a maximum of 90 days of the date of receipt of the certificate of occupancy.
C103.6.1 Record documents. Construction documents shall be updated by the installing contractor and architect or engineer of record to convey a record of the completed work. Such updates shall include building envelope, mechanical, plumbing, electrical and control drawings red-lined, or redrawn if specified, that show all changes to size, type and locations of components, equipment and assemblies. Record documents shall include the location and model number of each piece of equipment as installed. The architect, engineer of record or installing contractor is required to provide consolidated record drawings in compliance with this section to the building owner or owner's authorized agent with the timeline specified in Section C103.6.
C103.6.2 Building operations and maintenance information. Required regular maintenance actions for equipment and systems shall be clearly stated on a readily visible label on the equipment. The label shall include the title or publication number for the operation and maintenance manual for that particular model and type of product and the manufacture date or installation date.
C103.6.2.1 Manuals. An operating and maintenance manual shall be provided for each component, device, piece of equipment, and system governed by this code. The manual shall include all of the following:
1. Submittal data indicating all selected options for each piece of equipment and control devices.
2. Manufacturer's operation manuals and maintenance manuals for each device, piece of equipment, and system requiring maintenance, except equipment not furnished as part of the project. Required routine maintenance actions, cleaning and recommended relamping shall be clearly identified.
3. Name and address of at least one service agency.
4. Controls system inspection schedule, maintenance and calibration information, wiring diagrams, schematics, and control sequence descriptions. A schedule for inspecting and recalibrating all lighting controls. Desired or field-determined setpoints shall be permanently recorded on control drawings at control devices or, for digital control systems, on the graphic where settings may be changed.
5. A narrative of how each system is intended to operate, including recommended setpoints. Sequence of operation alone is not acceptable for this requirement.
C103.6.3 Compliance documentation. All energy code compliance forms and calculations shall be delivered in one document to the building owner as part of the project record documents((,))or manuals, or as a standalone document. This document shall include the specific energy code year utilized for compliance determination for each system. NFRC certificates for the installed windows, list of total area for each NFRC certificate, the interior lighting power compliance path (building area, space-by-space) used to calculate the lighting power allowance.
For projects complying with Section C401.2 Item 1, the documentation shall include:
1. The ((envelop))envelope insulation compliance path (prescriptive or component performance).
2. All completed code compliance forms, and all compliance calculations including, but not limited to, those required by sections C402.1.5, C403.2.12.1, C405.4, and C405.5.
For projects complying with Section C401.2 Item 2, the documentation shall include:
1. A list of all proposed envelope component types, areas and U-values.
2. A list of all lighting area types with areas, lighting power allowance, and installed lighting power density.
3. A list of each HVAC system modeled with the assigned and proposed system type.
4. Electronic copies of the baseline and proposed model input and output file. The input files shall be in a format suitable for rerunning the model and shall not consist solely of formatted reports of the inputs.
C103.6.4 Systems operation training. Training of the maintenance staff for equipment included in the manuals required by Section C103.6.2 shall include at a minimum:
1. Review of manuals and permanent certificate.
2. Hands-on demonstration of all normal maintenance procedures, normal operating modes, and all emergency shutdown and start-up procedures.
3. Training completion report.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-24-070, filed 12/6/16, effective 5/1/17)
WAC 51-11C-10400Section C104—Inspections.
C104.1 General. Construction or work for which a permit is required shall be subject to inspection by the code official((or)), his or her designated agent, or an approved agency, and such construction or work shall remain ((accessible and exposed))visible and able to be accessed for inspection purposes until approved. Approval as a result of an inspection shall not be construed to be an approval of a violation of the provisions of this code or of other ordinances of the jurisdiction. Inspections presuming to give authority to violate or cancel the provisions of this code or of other ordinances of the jurisdiction shall not be valid. It shall be the duty of the permit applicant to cause the work to remain ((accessible and exposed))visible and able to be accessed for inspection purposes. Neither the code official nor the jurisdiction shall be liable for expense entailed in the removal or replacement of any material, product, system or building component required to allow inspection to validate compliance with this code.
C104.2 Required inspections. The code official((or)), his or her designated agent, or an approved agency, upon notification, shall make the inspections set forth in Sections C104.2.1 through C104.2.6.
C104.2.1 Footing and foundation ((inspection))insulation. Inspections ((associated with footings and foundations)) shall verify ((compliance with the code as to))footing and/or foundation insulationR-value, location, thickness, depth of burial and protection of insulation as required by the code ((and)),approved plans and specifications.
C104.2.2 ((Insulation and fenestration inspection.))Thermal envelope. Inspections shall be made before application of interior finish and shall verify ((compliance with the code as to types of insulation and corresponding R-values and their correct location and proper installation; fenestration properties (U-factor, SHGC and VT) and proper installation; and air leakage controls))that envelope components with the correct type of insulation, the R-values, the correct location of insulation, the correct fenestration, the U-factor, SHGC, VT, and air leakage controls are properly installed as required by the code ((and)),approved plans and specifications, including envelope components in future tenant spaces of multitenant buildings.
C104.2.3 Plumbing ((inspection))system. Inspections shall verify ((compliance as required by the code and approved plans and specifications as to types of insulation and corresponding R-values and protection, required controls and required heat traps))the type of insulation, the R-values, the protection required, controls, and heat traps as required by the code, approved plans and specifications.
C104.2.4 Mechanical ((inspection))system. Inspections shall verify ((compliance as required by the code and approved plans and specifications as to))the installed HVAC equipment for the correct type and size, ((required)) controls, duct and piping ((system)) insulation ((and corresponding))R-values, duct system and damper air leakage ((and required energy recovery and/or economizers)), minimum fan efficiency, energy recovery and economizer as required by the code, approved plans and specifications.
C104.2.5 Electrical ((and lighting inspection))system. Inspections shall verify ((compliance as required by the code and approved plans and specifications as to installed)) lighting system((s))controls, components ((and controls;)), meters, motors and installation of an electric meter for each dwelling unit as required by the code, approved plans and specifications.
C104.2.6 Final inspection. The ((building shall have a final inspection and not be occupied until approved))final inspection shall include verification of the installation and proper operation of all required building controls, and documentation verifying activities associated with required building commissioning have been conducted in accordance with Section C408.
C104.3 Reinspection. A building shall be reinspected when determined necessary by the code official.
C104.4 Approved inspection agencies. The code official is authorized to accept reports of approved inspection agencies, provided such agencies satisfy the requirements as to qualifications and reliability relevant to the building components and systems they are inspecting.
C104.5 Inspection requests. It shall be the duty of the holder of the permit or their duly authorized agent to notify the code official when work is ready for inspection. It shall be the duty of the permit holder to provide access to and means for inspections of such work that are required by this code.
C104.6 Reinspection and testing. Where any work or installation does not pass an initial test or inspection, the necessary corrections shall be made so as to achieve compliance with this code. The work or installation shall then be resubmitted to the code official for inspection and testing.
C104.7 Approval. After the prescribed tests and inspections indicate that the work complies in all respects with this code, a notice of approval shall be issued by the code official.
C104.7.1 Revocation. The code official is authorized to, in writing, suspend or revoke a notice of approval issued under the provisions of this code wherever the certificate is issued in error, or on the basis of incorrect information supplied, or where it is determined that the building or structure, premise, or portion thereof is in violation of any ordinance or regulation or any of the provisions of this code.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-03-072, filed 1/19/16, effective 7/1/16)
WAC 51-11C-20201Section C202.1—A.
ABOVE-GRADE WALL. A wall enclosing conditioned space that is not a below-grade wall. This includes between-floor spandrels, peripheral edges of floors, roof and basement knee walls, dormer walls, gable end walls, walls enclosing a mansard roof and skylight shafts.
((ACCESSIBLE. Admitting close approach as a result of not being guarded by locked doors, elevation or other effective means (see "Readily accessible").))ACCESS (TO). That which enables a device, appliance or equipment to be reached by ready access or by a means that first requires the removal or movement of a panel or similar obstruction.
ADDITION. An extension or increase in the conditioned space floor area, number of stories, or height of a building or structure.
AIR BARRIER.((Material(s) assembled and joined together to provide a barrier to air leakage through the building envelope. An air barrier may be a single material or a combination of materials.))One or more materials joined together in a continuous manner to restrict or prevent the passage of air through the building thermal envelope and its assemblies.
AIR CURTAIN. A device, installed at the building entrance, that generates and discharges a laminar air stream intended to prevent the infiltration of external, unconditioned air into the conditioned spaces, or the loss of interior, conditioned air to the outside.
ALTERATION. Any construction, retrofit or renovation to an existing structure other than repair or addition ((that requires a permit)). Also, a change in a building, electrical, gas, mechanical or plumbing system that involves an extension, addition or change to the arrangement, type or purpose of the original installation ((that requires a permit)).
APPROVED.((Approval by))Acceptable to the code official((as a result of investigation and tests conducted by him or her, or by reason of accepted principles or tests by nationally recognized organizations)).
APPROVED AGENCY. An established and recognized agency regularly engaged in conducting tests or furnishing inspection services, or furnishing product certification research reports, when such agency has been approved by the code official.
ATTIC AND OTHER ROOFS. All other roofs, including roofs with insulation entirely below (inside of) the roof structure (i.e., attics, cathedral ceilings, and single-rafter ceilings), roofs with insulation both above and below the roof structure, and roofs without insulation but excluding roofs with insulation entirely above deck and metal building roofs.
AUTOMATIC. Self-acting, operating by its own mechanism when actuated by some impersonal influence, as, for example, a change in current strength, pressure, temperature or mechanical configuration (see "Manual").
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-03-072, filed 1/19/16, effective 7/1/16)
WAC 51-11C-20202Section C202.2—B.
BELOW-GRADE WALL. That portion of a wall in the building envelope that is entirely below the finish grade and in contact with the ground.
BLOCK. A generic concept used in energy simulation. It can include one or more thermal zones. It represents a whole building or portion of a building with the same use type served by the same HVAC system type.
BOILER, MODULATING. A boiler that is capable of more than a single firing rate in response to a varying temperature or heating load.
BOILER SYSTEM. One or more boilers, their piping and controls that work together to supply steam or hot water to heat output devices remote from the boiler.
BUBBLE POINT. The refrigerant liquid saturation temperature at a specified pressure.
BUILDING. Any structure used or intended for supporting or sheltering any use or occupancy, including any mechanical systems, service water heating systems and electric power and lighting systems located on the building site and supporting the building.
BUILDING COMMISSIONING. A process that verifies and documents that the ((selected)) building systems have been ((designed,)) installed((,)) and function according to the ((owner's project requirements and))approved construction documents((, and to minimum code requirements)).
BUILDING ENTRANCE. Any ((door))doorway, set of doors, ((doorway,))revolving door, vestibule or other form of portal that is ordinarily used to gain access to the building ((from the outside by the public))or to exit from the building by its users and occupants. This does not include doors solely used to directly enter mechanical, electrical and other building utility service equipment rooms, or doors for emergency egress only.
BUILDING SITE. A contiguous area of land that is under the ownership or control of one entity.
BUILDING THERMAL ENVELOPE. The below-grade walls, above-grade walls, floors, ceilings, roofs, and any other building element((s))assemblies that enclose conditioned space or provides a boundary between conditioned space, semiheated space and exempt or unconditioned space.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-24-070, filed 12/6/16, effective 5/1/17)
WAC 51-11C-20203Section C202.3—C.
C-FACTOR (THERMAL CONDUCTANCE). The coefficient of heat transmission (surface to surface) through a building component or assembly, equal to the time rate of heat flow per unit area and the unit temperature difference between the warm side and cold side surfaces (Btu/h ft2 x °F) [W/(m2 x K)].
CAPTIVE KEY DEVICE. A lighting control that will not release the key that activates the override when the lighting is on.
CAVITY INSULATION. Insulating material located between framing members.
CERTIFIED COMMISSIONING PROFESSIONAL. An individual who is certified by an ANSI/ISO/IEC 17024:2012 accredited organization to lead, plan, coordinate and manage commissioning teams and implement the commissioning ((processes, or a licensed professional engineer in Washington state))process.
CHANGE OF OCCUPANCY. A change in the use of a building or a portion of a building that results in any of the following:
1. A change of occupancy classification.
2. A change from one group to another group within an occupancy classification.
3. Any change in use within a group for which there is a change in the application of the requirements of this code.
CIRCULATING HOT WATER SYSTEM. A specifically designed water distribution system where one or more pumps are operated in the service hot water piping to circulate heated water from the water-heating equipment to the fixture supply and back to the water-heating equipment.
CLERESTORY FENESTRATION. See "FENESTRATION."
CLIMATE ZONE. A geographical region based on climatic criteria as specified in this code.
CODE OFFICIAL. The officer or other designated authority charged with the administration and enforcement of this code, or a duly authorized representative.
COEFFICIENT OF PERFORMANCE (COP) - COOLING. The ratio of the rate of heat removal to the rate of energy input, in consistent units, for a complete refrigerating system or some specific portion of that system under designated operating conditions.
COEFFICIENT OF PERFORMANCE (COP) - HEATING. The ratio of the rate of heat removal to the rate of heat delivered to the rate of energy input, in consistent units, for a complete heat pump system, including the compressor and, if applicable, auxiliary heat, under designated operating conditions.
COMMERCIAL BUILDING. For this code, all buildings that are not included in the definition of "Residential buildings."
COMPUTER ROOM. A room whose primary function is to house equipment for the processing and storage of electronic data and that has a design ((electronic data))total information technology equipment (IET) equipment power ((density exceeding))less than or equal to 20 watts per square foot of conditioned area and a design IET equipment load less than or equal to 10 kW.
CONDENSING UNIT. A factory-made assembly of refrigeration components designed to compress and liquefy a specific refrigerant. The unit consists of one or more refrigerant compressors, refrigerant condensers (air-cooled, evaporatively cooled, or water-cooled), condenser fans and motors (where used) and factory-supplied accessories.
CONDITIONED FLOOR AREA. The horizontal projection of the floors associated with the conditioned space.
CONDITIONED SPACE. An area, room or space that is enclosed within the building thermal envelope and that is directly heated or cooled or that is indirectly heated or cooled. Spaces are indirectly heated or cooled where they communicate through openings with conditioned spaces, where they are separated from conditioned spaces by uninsulated walls, floors or ceilings, or where they contain uninsulated ducts, piping or other sources of heating or cooling.
((CONTINUOUS AIR BARRIER. A combination of materials and assemblies that restrict or prevent the passage of air through the building thermal envelope.))
CONTINUOUS INSULATION (CI). Insulating material that is continuous across all structural members without metal thermal bridges other than fasteners that have a total cross-sectional area not greater than 0.04 percent of the envelope surface through which they penetrate, and service openings. It is installed on the interior or exterior or is integral to any opaque surface of the building envelope.
CONTROLLED PLANT GROWTH ENVIRONMENT. Group F and U buildings or spaces that are specifically controlled to facilitate and enhance plant growth and production by manipulating various indoor ((environment))environmental conditions. Technologies include indoor agriculture, cannabis growing, hydroponics, aquaculture and aquaponics. Controlled indoor environment variables include, but are not limited to, temperature, air quality, humidity, and carbon dioxide.
CURTAIN WALL. Fenestration products used to create an external nonload-bearing wall that is designed to separate the exterior and interior environments.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-24-070, filed 12/6/16, effective 5/1/17)
WAC 51-11C-20204Section C202.4—D.
DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM. An electronic system managed by the building owner to collect, tabulate and display metering information.
DATA CENTER. A room or series of rooms that share data center systems whose primary function is to house equipment for the processing and storage of electronic data, which has a design total information technology equipment (ITE) power density exceeding 20 watts per square foot of conditioned area and a total design ITE equipment load greater than 10 kW.
DATA CENTER SYSTEMS. HVAC systems, electrical systems, equipment, or portions thereof used to condition ITE or electrical systems in a data center.
DAYLIGHT RESPONSIVE CONTROL. A device or system that provides automatic control of electric light levels based on the amount of daylight in a space.
DAYLIGHT ZONE. The portion of the building interior floor area that is illuminated by natural daylight through ((sidelight and toplight))sidelit and toplit fenestration.
DECORATIVE APPLIANCE, VENTED. A vented appliance wherein the primary function lies in the aesthetic effect of the flames.
DEMAND CONTROL VENTILATION (DCV). A ventilation system capability that provides for the automatic reduction of outdoor air intake below design rates when the actual occupancy of spaces served by the system is less than design occupancy.
DEMAND RECIRCULATION WATER SYSTEM. A water distribution system ((where pumps prime the service hot water piping with heated water upon demand for hot water))having one or more recirculation pumps that pump water from a heated water supply pipe back to the heated water source through a cold water supply pipe.
DOOR, NONSWINGING. Roll-up, tilt-up, metal coiling and sliding doors, access hatches, and all other doors that are not swinging doors.
DOOR, SWINGING. Doors that are hinged on one side and revolving doors.
DUCT. A tube or conduit utilized for conveying air. The air passages of self-contained systems are not to be construed as air ducts.
DUCT SYSTEM. A continuous passageway for the transmission of air that, in addition to ducts, includes duct fittings, dampers, plenums, fans and accessory air-handling equipment and appliances.
DWELLING UNIT. A single unit providing complete independent living facilities for one or more persons, including permanent provisions for living, sleeping, eating, cooking and sanitation.
DX-DEDICATED OUTDOOR AIR SYSTEM UNITS (DX-DOAS UNITS). A type of air-cooled, water-cooled or water source factory assembled product that dehumidifies 100 percent outdoor air to a low dew point and includes reheat that is capable of controlling the supply dry-bulb temperature of the dehumidified air to the designated supply air temperature. This conditioned outdoor air is then delivered directly or indirectly to the conditioned spaces. It may precondition outdoor air by containing an enthalpy wheel, sensible wheel, desiccant wheel, plate heat exchanger, heat pipes, or other heat or mass transfer apparatus.
DYNAMIC GLAZING. Any fenestration product that has the fully reversible ability to change its performance properties, including U-factor, SHGC, or VT.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 13-04-056, filed 2/1/13, effective 7/1/13)
WAC 51-11C-20205Section C202.5—E.
ECONOMIZER, AIR. A duct and damper arrangement and automatic control system that allows a cooling system to supply outside air to reduce or eliminate the need for mechanical cooling during mild or cold weather.
ECONOMIZER, WATER. A system where the supply air of a cooling system is cooled indirectly with water that is itself cooled by heat or mass transfer to the environment without the use of mechanical cooling.
ELECTRICAL LOAD COEFFICIENT (ELC). In a data center, the ratio of the sum of three specific electrical losses (or losses calculated from efficiencies) to the ITE load itself. Specifically, ELC equals the sum of the incoming (to ITE) electrical service losses, UPS losses, and ITE distribution losses all divided by the peak ITE load. The design ELC is calculated at the full load design condition with active redundant equipment engaged, and the annual ELC is calculated the same way because it is assumed that ITE runs constantly at full power all year.
ENCLOSED SPACE. A volume surrounded by solid surfaces such as walls, floors, roofs, and openable devices such as doors and operable windows.
END USE CATEGORY. A load or group of loads that consume energy in a common or similar manner.
ENERGY ANALYSIS. A method for estimating the annual energy use of the proposed design and standard reference design based on estimates of energy use.
ENERGY COST. The total estimated annual cost for purchased energy for the building functions regulated by this code, including applicable demand charges.
ENERGY RECOVERY VENTILATION SYSTEM. Systems that employ air-to-air heat exchangers to recover energy from exhaust air for the purpose of preheating, precooling, humidifying or dehumidifying outdoor ventilation air prior to supplying the air to a space, either directly or as part of an HVAC system.
ENERGY SIMULATION TOOL. An approved software program or calculation-based methodology that projects the annual energy use of a building.
ENERGY SOURCE METER. A meter placed at the source of the incoming energy that measures the energy delivered to the whole building or metered space.
ENTRANCE DOOR.A vertical fenestration product((s)) used for occupant ingress, egress and access in nonresidential buildings including, but not limited to, exterior entrances ((that utilize))utilizing latching hardware and automatic closers and ((contain))containing over 50 percent ((glass))glazing specifically designed to withstand heavy ((use and possibly abuse))duty usage.
EQUIPMENT ROOM. A space that contains either electrical equipment, mechanical equipment, machinery, water pumps or hydraulic pumps that are a function of the building's services.
EXTERIOR WALL. Walls including both above-grade walls and below-grade walls.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-03-072, filed 1/19/16, effective 7/1/16)
WAC 51-11C-20206Section C202.6—F.
FAN BRAKE HORSEPOWER (BHP). The horsepower delivered to the fan's shaft. Brake horsepower does not include the mechanical drive losses (belts, gears, etc.).
FAN EFFICIENCY GRADE (FEG). A numerical rating identifying the fan's aerodynamic ability to convert shaft power, or impeller power in the case of a direct-driven fan, to air power.
FAN SYSTEM BHP. The sum of the fan brake horsepower of all fans that are required to operate at fan system design conditions to supply air from the heating or cooling source to the conditioned space(s) and return it to the source or exhaust it to the outdoors.
FAN SYSTEM DESIGN CONDITIONS. Operating conditions that can be expected to occur during normal system operation that result in the highest supply fan airflow rate to conditioned spaces served by the system, other than during air economizer operation.
FAN SYSTEM MOTOR NAMEPLATE HP. The sum of the motor nameplate horsepower of all fans that are required to operate at design conditions to supply air from the heating or cooling source to the conditioned space(s) and return it to the source or exhaust it to the outdoors.
FENESTRATION. Products classified as either skylights or vertical fenestration ((or skylights)).
SKYLIGHTS. Glass or other transparent or translucent glazing material installed at a slope of less than 60 degrees (91.05 rad) from horizontal, including unit skylights, tubular daylighting devices and glazing materials in solariums, sunrooms, roofs and sloped walls.
VERTICAL FENESTRATION. Windows (((fixed or moveable)))that are fixed or operable, glazed doors, glazed block and combination opaque/glazed doors composed of glass or other transparent or translucent glazing materials and installed at a slope ((of at least))not less than 60 degrees (91.05 rad) from horizontal. Opaque areas such as spandrel panels are not considered vertical fenestration.
CLERESTORY FENESTRATION. An upper region of vertical fenestration provided for the purpose of admitting daylight beyond the perimeter of a space. The entire clerestory fenestration assembly is installed at a height greater than 8 feet above the finished floor.
FENESTRATION AREA. Total area of the fenestration measured using the rough opening, and including the glazing, sash and frame.
FENESTRATION PRODUCT, FIELD-FABRICATED. A fenestration product whose frame is made at the construction site of standard dimensional lumber or other materials that were not previously cut, or otherwise formed with the specific intention of being used to fabricate a fenestration product or exterior door. Field fabricated does not include site-built fenestration.
FENESTRATION PRODUCT, SITE-BUILT. A fenestration designed to be made up of field-glazed or field-assembled units using specific factory cut or otherwise factory-formed framing and glazing units. Examples of site-built fenestration include storefront systems, curtain walls, and atrium roof systems.
F-FACTOR. The perimeter heat loss factor for slab-on-grade floors (Btu/h x ft x °F) [W/(m x K)].
FLOOR AREA, NET. The actual occupied area not including unoccupied accessory areas such as corridors, stairways, toilet rooms, mechanical rooms and closets.
FURNACE ELECTRICITY RATIO. The ratio of furnace electricity use to total furnace energy computed as ratio = (3.412 x EAE)/1000 x EF + 3.412 x EAE) where EAE (average annual auxiliary electrical consumption) and EF (average annual fuel energy consumption) are defined in Appendix N to Subpart B of Part 430 of Title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations and EF is expressed in millions of Btus per year.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-03-072, filed 1/19/16, effective 7/1/16)
WAC 51-11C-20207Section C202.7—G.
GENERAL LIGHTING. Lighting that provides a substantially uniform level of illumination throughout an area. General lighting shall not include lighting that provides a dissimilar level of illumination to serve a specific application or decorative feature within such area.
((GENERAL PURPOSE ELECTRIC MOTOR (SUBTYPE I). A motor that is designed in standard ratings with either of the following:
1. Standard operating characteristics and standard mechanical construction for use under usual service conditions, such as those specified in NEMA MG1, paragraph 14.02, "Usual Service Conditions," and without restriction to a particular application or type of application.
2. Standard operating characteristics or standard mechanical construction for use under unusual service conditions, such as those specified in NEMA MG1, paragraph 14.03, "Unusual Service Conditions," or for a particular type of application, and that can be used in most general purpose applications.
General purpose electric motors (Subtype I) are constructed in NEMA T-frame sizes or IEC metric equivalent, starting at 143T.
GENERAL PURPOSE ELECTRIC MOTOR (SUBTYPE II). A motor incorporating the design elements of a general purpose electric motor (Subtype I) that is configured as one of the following:
1. A U-frame motor.
2. A Design C motor.
3. A close-coupled pump motor.
4. A footless motor.
5. A vertical, solid-shaft, normal-thrust motor (as tested in a horizontal configuration).
6. An 8-pole motor (900 rpm).
7. A polyphase motor with voltage of not more than 600 volts (other than 230 or 460 volts).))
GREENHOUSE. A permanent structure or a thermally isolated area of a building that maintains a specialized sunlit environment that is used exclusively for, and is essential to, the cultivation, protection or maintenance of plants. Greenhouses are those that are erected for a period of 180 days or more.
GROUP R. Buildings or portions of buildings that contain any of the following occupancies as established in the International Building Code:
1. Group R-1.
2. Group R-2 where located more than three stories in height above grade plane.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-03-072, filed 1/19/16, effective 7/1/16)
WAC 51-11C-20208Section C202.8—H.
HEAT TRAP. An arrangement of piping and fittings, such as elbows, or a commercially available heat trap that prevents thermosyphoning of hot water during standby periods.
HEAT TRAP, PIPE CONFIGURED. A pipe configured heat trap is either, as applicable:
1. A device specifically designed for the purpose or an arrangement of tubing that forms a loop of 360 degrees; or
2. Piping that from the point of connection to the water heater (inlet or outlet) includes a length of piping directed downward before connection to the vertical piping of the supply water or hot-water distribution system.
HEATED SLAB-ON-GRADE FLOOR. Slab-on-grade floor construction in which the heating elements, hydronic tubing, or hot air distribution system is in contact with, or placed within or under, the slab.
HEATED WATER CIRCULATION SYSTEM. A water distribution system having one or more recirculation pumps that pump water from a heated water source through a dedicated hot water circulation pipe or piping system.
HIGH SPEED DOOR. A nonswinging door used primarily to facilitate vehicular access or material transportation, with a minimum opening rate of 32 inches (813 mm) per second, a minimum closing rate of 24 inches (610 mm) per second and that includes an automatic-closing device.
HISTORIC BUILDINGS. Buildings that are listed in or eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places, or designated as historic under an appropriate state or local law.
HUMIDISTAT. A regulatory device, actuated by changes in humidity, used for automatic control of relative humidity.
HVAC TOTAL SYSTEM PERFORMANCE RATIO (HVAC TSPR). The ratio of the sum of a building's annual heating and cooling load in thousands of Btus to the sum of annual carbon emissions in pounds from energy consumption of the building HVAC systems. Carbon emissions shall be calculated by multiplying site energy consumption by the carbon emission factors from Table C407.1.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-03-072, filed 1/19/16, effective 7/1/16)
WAC 51-11C-20209Section C202.9—I.
IEC DESIGN H MOTOR. An electric motor that meets all of the following:
1. It is an induction motor designed for use with three-phase power.
2. It contains a cage rotor.
3. It is capable of direct-on-line starting.
4. It has 4, 6 or 8 poles.
5. It is rated from 0.4 kW to 1600 kW at a frequency of 60 Hz.
IEC DESIGN N MOTOR. An electric motor that meets all of the following:
1. It is an inductor motor designed for use with three-phase power.
2. It contains a cage rotor.
3. It is capable of direct-on-line starting.
4. It has 2, 4, 6 or 8 poles.
5. It is rated from 0.4 kW to 1600 kW at a frequency of 60 Hz.
INFILTRATION. The uncontrolled inward air leakage into a building caused by the pressure effects of wind or the effect of differences in the indoor and outdoor air density or both.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY EQUIPMENT (ITE). ITE includes computers, data storage, servers and network/communications equipment.
INSULATION ENTIRELY ABOVE DECK. A roof with all insulation:
1. Installed above (outside of) the roof structure; and
2. Continuous (i.e., uninterrupted by framing members).
INTEGRATED ENERGY EFFICIENCY RATIO (IEER). A single-number figure of merit expressing cooling part-load EER efficiency for unitary air-conditioning and heat pump equipment on the basis of weighted operation at various load capacities for the equipment.
INTEGRATED PART LOAD VALUE (IPLV). A single number figure of merit based on part-load EER, COP, or kW/ton expressing part-load efficiency for air conditioning and heat pump equipment on the basis of weighted operation at various load capacities for equipment.
INTEGRATED SEASONAL COEFFICIENT OF PERFORMANCE (ISCOP). A seasonal efficiency number that is a combined value based on the formula listed in AHRI Standard 920 of the two COP values for the heating season of a DX-DOAS unit water or air source heat pump, expressed in W/W.
INTEGRATED SEASONAL MOISTURE REMOVAL EFFICIENCY (ISMRE). A seasonal efficiency number that is a combined value based on the formula listed in AHRI Standard 920 of the four dehumidification moisture removal efficiency (MRE) ratings required for DX-DOAS units, expressed in lb. of moisture/kWh.
ISOLATION DEVICES. Devices that isolate HVAC zones so they can be operated independently of one another. Isolation devices include separate systems, isolation dampers and controls providing shutoff at terminal boxes.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 17-10-062, filed 5/2/17, effective 6/2/17)
WAC 51-11C-20212Section C202.12—L.
LABELED. Equipment, materials or products to which have been affixed a label, seal, symbol or other identifying mark of a nationally recognized testing laboratory, ((inspection))approvedagency or other organization concerned with product evaluation that maintains periodic inspection of the production of the above-labeled items and whose labeling indicates either that the equipment, material or product meets identified standards or has been tested and found suitable for a specified purpose.
LINER SYSTEM (LS). A system that includes the following:
1. A continuous vapor barrier liner membrane that is installed below the purlins and that is uninterrupted by framing members.
2. An uncompressed, unfaced insulation resting on top of the liner membrane and located between the purlins.
For multilayer installations, the last rated R-value of insulation is for unfaced insulation draped over purlins and then compressed when the metal roof panels are attached.
LISTED. Equipment, materials, products or services included in a list published by an organization acceptable to the code official and concerned with evaluation of products or services that maintains periodic inspection of production of listed equipment or materials or periodic evaluation of services and whose listing states either that the equipment, material, product or service meets identified standards or has been tested and found suitable for a specified purpose.
LOW-SLOPED ROOF. A roof having a slope less than 2 units vertical in 12 units horizontal.
LOW-VOLTAGE DRY-TYPE DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER. A transformer that is air-cooled, does not use oil as a coolant, has an input voltage less than or equal to 600 volts and is rated for operation at a frequency of 60 hertz.
LOW-VOLTAGE LIGHTING. A lighting system consisting of an isolating power supply, the low voltage luminaires, and associated equipment that are all identified for the use. ((The output circuits of the power supply operate at 30 volts (42.4 volts peak) or less under all load conditions.))
LUMINAIRE. A complete lighting unit consisting of a lamp or lamps together with the housing designed to distribute the light, position and protect the lamps, and connect the lamps to the power supply.
LUMINAIRE-LEVEL LIGHTING CONTROL. A lighting system consisting of one or more ((luminaire(s) each with))luminaires where each luminaire has embedded lighting control logic, occupancy and ambient light sensors, ((local or central wireless networking capabilities,)) and local override switching capability, where required. Each luminaire shall also have wireless networking capabilities to detect and share information with other luminaires to adjust to occupancy and/or daylight in the space.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-03-072, filed 1/19/16, effective 7/1/16)
WAC 51-11C-20213Section C202.13—M.
MANUAL. Capable of being operated by personal intervention (see "Automatic").
MASS TRANSFER DECK SLAB EDGE. That portion of the above-grade wall made up of the concrete slab where it extends past the footprint of the floor above, and there is space (conditioned or unconditioned) below the slab. The area of the slab edge shall be defined as the thickness of the slab multiplied by the perimeter of the edge condition. Examples of this condition include, but are not limited to, the transition from an above-grade structure to a below-grade structure or the transition from a tower to a podium. Cantilevered balconies do not meet this definition.
MECHANICAL COOLING. Reducing the temperature of a gas or liquid by using vapor compression, absorption, desiccant dehumidification combined with evaporative cooling, or another energy-driven thermodynamic cycle. Indirect or direct evaporative cooling alone is not considered mechanical cooling.
MECHANICAL HEATING. Raising the temperature of a gas or liquid by use of fossil fuel burners, electric resistance heaters, heat pumps, or other systems that require energy to operate.
MECHANICAL LOAD COEFFICIENT (MLC). In a data center, the ratio of the cooling system's net use of energy to that of the ITE. The design MLC is calculated for a local peak weather condition (stipulated in ASHRAE Standard 90.4) and equals the sum of all active cooling equipment input power, divided by total power into the ITE. The annual MLC is calculated using hourly TMY3 weather data for the data center's location and equals the sum of all energy flowing into the cooling system to respond to that weather, minus any energy successfully recovered to avoid any new energy use, all divided by the energy flowing into the ITE during the same period.
METAL BUILDING ROOF. A roof that:
1. Is constructed with a metal, structural, weathering surface;
2. Has no ventilated cavity; and
3. Has the insulation entirely below deck (i.e., does not include composite concrete and metal deck construction nor a roof framing system that is separated from the superstructure by a wood substrate) and whose structure consists of one or more of the following configurations:
a. Metal roofing in direct contact with the steel framing members;
b. Metal roofing separated from the steel framing members by insulation;
c. Insulated metal roofing panels installed as described in a or b.
METAL BUILDING WALL. A wall whose structure consists of metal spanning members supported by steel structural members (i.e., does not include spandrel glass or metal panels in curtain wall systems).
METER. A device that measures the flow of energy.
MICROCELL. A wireless communication facility consisting of an antenna that is either: (a) Four (4) feet in height and with an area of not more than 580 square inches; or (b) if a tubular antenna, no more than four (4) inches in diameter and no more than six (6) feet in length; and the associated equipment cabinet that is six (6) feet or less in height and no more than 48 square feet in floor area.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 13-04-056, filed 2/1/13, effective 7/1/13)
WAC 51-11C-20214Section C202.14—N.
NAMEPLATE HORSEPOWER. The nominal motor ((horsepower))output power rating stamped on the motor nameplate.
NEMA DESIGN A MOTOR. A squirrel-cage motor that meets all of the following:
1. It is designed to withstand full-voltage starting and developing locked-rotor torque as shown in paragraph 12.38.1 of NEMA MG 1.
2. It has pull-up torque not less than the values shown in paragraph 12.40.1 of NEMA MG 1.
3. It has breakdown torque not less than the values shown in paragraph 12.39.1 of NEMA MG 1.
4. It has a locked-rotor current higher than the values shown in paragraph 12.35.1 of NEMA MG 1 for 60 Hz and paragraph 12.35.2 of NEMA MG 1 for 50 Hz.
5. It has a slip at rated load of less than 5 percent for motors with fewer than 10 poles.
NEMA DESIGN B MOTOR. A squirrel-cage motor that meets all of the following:
1. It is designed to withstand full-voltage starting.
2. It develops locked-rotor, breakdown and pull-up torques adequate for general application as specified in Sections 12.38, 12.39 and 12.40 of NEMA MG 1.
3. It draws locked-rotor current not to exceed the values shown in paragraph 12.35.1 of NEMA MG 1 for 60 Hz and paragraph 12.35.2 of NEMA MG 1 for 50 Hz.
4. It has a slip at rated load of less than 5 percent for motors with fewer than 10 poles.
NEMA DESIGN C MOTOR. A squirrel-cage motor that meets all of the following:
1. It is designed to withstand full-voltage starting and developing locked-rotor torque for high-torque applications up to the values shown in paragraph 12.38.2 of NEMA MG 1 (incorporated by reference; see Sec. 431.15).
2. It has pull-up torque not less than the values shown in paragraph 12.40.2 of NEMA MG 1.
3. It has breakdown torque not less than the values shown in paragraph 12.39.2 of NEMA MG 1.
4. It has a locked-rotor current not to exceed the values shown in paragraph 12.35.1 of NEMA MG 1 for 60 Hz and paragraph 12.35.2 of NEMA MG 1 for 50 Hz.
5. It has a slip at rated load of less than 5 percent.
NETWORKED GUEST ROOM CONTROL SYSTEM. A control system, accessible from the front desk or other central location associated with a Group R-1 building, that is capable of identifying the occupancy status of each guest room according to a timed schedule, and is capable of controlling HVAC in each hotel and motel guest room separately.
NONSTANDARD PART LOAD VALUE (NPLV). A single-number part-load efficiency figure of merit calculated and referenced to conditions other than IPLV conditions, for units that are not designed to operate at ARI standard rating conditions.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-03-072, filed 1/19/16, effective 7/1/16)
WAC 51-11C-20215Section C202.15—O.
OCCUPANT SENSOR CONTROL. An automatic control device or system that detects the presence or absence of people within an area and causes lighting, equipment or appliances to be regulated accordingly.
ON-SITE RENEWABLE ENERGY. Energy derived from solar radiation, wind, waves, tides, landfill gas, biogas, biomass, or the internal heat of the earth. The energy system providing on-site renewable energy shall be located on the project site.
OPAQUE DOOR. A door that is not less than 50 percent opaque in surface area.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-03-072, filed 1/19/16, effective 7/1/16)
WAC 51-11C-20216Section C202.16—P.
PERSONAL WIRELESS SERVICE FACILITY. A wireless communication facility (WCF), including a microcell, which is a facility for the transmission and/or reception of radio frequency signals and which may include antennas, equipment shelter or cabinet, transmission cables, a support structure to achieve the necessary elevation, and reception and/or transmission devices or antennas.
POWERED ROOF/WALL VENTILATORS. A fan consisting of a centrifugal or axial impeller with an integral driver in a weather-resistant housing and with a base designed to fit, usually by means of a curb, over a wall or roof opening.
POWER-OVER-ETHERNET LIGHTING (POE). Lighting sources powered by DC current utilizing Ethernet cables.
PROPOSED DESIGN. A description of the proposed building used to estimate annual energy use and carbon emissions from energy consumption for determining compliance based on total building performance and HVAC total performance ratio.
PUBLIC LAVATORY FAUCET. A lavatory faucet that is not intended for private use as defined by the Uniform Plumbing Code and that is supplied with both potable cold and hot water.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-03-072, filed 1/19/16, effective 7/1/16)
WAC 51-11C-20218Section C202.18—R.
RADIANT HEATING SYSTEM. A heating system that transfers heat to objects and surfaces within a conditioned space, primarily by infrared radiation.
((READILY ACCESSIBLE. Capable of being reached quickly for operation, renewal or inspection without requiring those to whom ready access is requisite to climb over or remove obstacles or to resort to portable ladders or access equipment (see "Accessible").))READY ACCESS (TO). That which enables a device, appliance or equipment to be directly reached, without requiring the removal or movement of any panel or similar obstruction.
REFRIGERANT DEW POINT. The refrigerant vapor saturation temperature at a specified pressure.
REFRIGERATED WAREHOUSE COOLER. An enclosed storage space that has a total chilled storage area of 3,000 ft2 or greater and is designed to maintain a temperature of greater than 32°F but less than 55°F.
REFRIGERATED WAREHOUSE FREEZER. An enclosed storage space that has a total chilled storage area of 3,000 ft2 or greater and is designed to maintain a temperature at or below 32°F.
REFRIGERATION SYSTEM, LOW TEMPERATURE. Systems for maintaining food product in a frozen state in refrigeration applications.
REFRIGERATION SYSTEM, MEDIUM TEMPERATURE. Systems for maintaining food product above freezing in refrigeration applications.
REGISTERED DESIGN PROFESSIONAL. An individual who is registered or licensed to practice their respective design profession as defined by the statutory requirements of the professional registration laws of the state or jurisdiction in which the project is to be constructed.
REPAIR. The reconstruction or renewal of any part of an existing building.
REPLACEMENT AIR. Outdoor air that is used to replace air removed from a building through an exhaust system. Replacement air may be derived from one or more of the following: Make-up air, supply air, transfer air and infiltration. However, the ultimate source of all replacement air is outdoor air. When replacement air exceeds exhaust, the result is exfiltration.
REROOFING. The process of recovering or replacing an existing roof covering. See "Roof Recover" and "Roof Replacement."
RESIDENTIAL BUILDING. For this code, includes detached one- and two-family dwellings and multiple single-family dwellings (townhouses) as well as Group R-2((, R-3 and R-4))and R-3 buildings three stories or less in height above grade plane.
RETROFIT, BUILDING ENVELOPE. Includes building envelope alterations and building envelope upgrades required for an area undergoing a change in space conditioning or a change in occupancy.
ROOF ASSEMBLY. A system designed to provide weather protection and resistance to design loads. The system consists of a roof covering and roof deck or a single component serving as both the roof covering and the roof deck. A roof assembly includes the roof covering, underlayment, roof deck, insulation, vapor retarder and interior finish. See also attic and other roofs, metal building roof, roof with insulation entirely above deck and single-rafter roof.
ROOF RECOVER. The process of installing an additional roof covering over a prepared existing roof covering without removing the existing roof covering.
ROOF REPAIR. Reconstruction or renewal of any part of an existing roof for the purposes of its maintenance.
ROOF REPLACEMENT. The process of removing the existing roof covering, repairing any damaged substrate and installing a new roof covering.
ROOFTOP MONITOR. A raised section of a roof containing vertical fenestration along one or more sides.
R-VALUE (THERMAL RESISTANCE). The inverse of the time rate of heat flow through a body from one of its bounding surfaces to the other surface for a unit temperature difference between the two surfaces, under steady state conditions, per unit area (h • ft2 • °F/Btu) [(m2 • K)/W].
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-03-072, filed 1/19/16, effective 7/1/16)
WAC 51-11C-20219Section C202.19—S.
SATURATED-CONDENSING TEMPERATURE. The saturation temperature corresponding to the measured refrigerant pressure at the condenser inlet for single component and azeotropic refrigerants, and the arithmetic average of the dew point and bubble point temperatures corresponding to the refrigerant pressure at the condenser entrance for zeotropic refrigerants.
((SCREW LAMP HOLDERS. A lamp base that requires a screw-in-type lamp, such as a compact-fluorescent, incandescent, or tungsten-halogen bulb.))
SEMI-HEATED SPACE. An enclosed space within a building, including adjacent connected spaces separated by an uninsulated component (e.g., basements, utility rooms, garages, corridors), which:
1. Is heated but not cooled, and has ((a maximum))an installed heating system output capacity ((of))greater than or equal to 3.4 Btu/(h-ft2) but not greater than 8 Btu/(h-ft2);
2. Is not a walk-in or warehouse cooler or freezer space.
SENSIBLE RECOVERY EFFECTIVENESS. Change in the dry-bulb temperature of the outdoor air supply divided by the difference between the outdoor air and return air dry-bulb temperatures, expressed as a percentage, governed by AHRI Standard 1060.
SERVICE WATER HEATING. Heating water for domestic or commercial purposes other than space heating and process requirements.
SIDELIT. See Section C405.2.4.2.
SINGLE-RAFTER ROOF. A roof where the roof above and the ceiling below are both attached to the same wood rafter and where insulation is located in the space between these wood rafters.
SKYLIGHT. See "Fenestration."
SLAB BELOW GRADE. Any portion of a slab floor in contact with the ground which is more than 24 inches below the final elevation of the nearest exterior grade.
SLAB-ON-GRADE FLOOR. That portion of a slab floor of the building envelope that is in contact with the ground and that is either above grade or is less than or equal to 24 inches below the final elevation of the nearest exterior grade.
SLEEPING UNIT. A room or space in which people sleep, which can also include permanent provisions for living, eating, and either sanitation or kitchen facilities but not both. Such rooms and spaces that are also part of a dwelling unit are not sleeping units.
SMALL ELECTRIC MOTOR. A general purpose, alternating current, single speed induction motor.
SMALL BUSINESS. Any business entity (including a sole proprietorship, corporation, partnership or other legal entity) which is owned and operated independently from all other businesses, which has the purpose of making a profit, and which has fifty or fewer employees.
SOLAR HEAT GAIN COEFFICIENT (SHGC). The ratio of the solar heat gain entering the space through the fenestration assembly to the incident solar radiation. Solar heat gain includes directly transmitted solar heat and absorbed solar radiation which is then reradiated, conducted or convected into the space.
SPACE CONDITIONING CATEGORY. Categories are based on the allowed peak space conditioning output capacity per square foot of conditioned floor area, or the design set point temperature, for a building or space. Space conditioning categories from lowest to highest include: Low energy, semi-heated, conditioned, refrigerated walk-in and warehouse coolers, and refrigerated walk-in and warehouse freezers.
STANDARD REFERENCE DESIGN. A version of the proposed design that meets the minimum requirements of this code and is used to determine the maximum annual energy use requirement and carbon emissions from energy consumption for compliance based on total building performance and HVAC total system performance ratio.
STEEL-FRAMED WALL. A wall with a cavity (insulated or otherwise) whose exterior surfaces are separated by steel framing members (i.e., typical steel stud walls and curtain wall systems).
STOREFRONT. A ((nonresidential)) system of doors and windows mulled as a composite fenestration structure that has been designed to resist heavy use. Storefront systems include, but are not limited to, exterior fenestration systems that span from the floor level or above to the ceiling of the same story on commercial buildings, with or without mulled windows and doors.
SUBSYSTEM METER. A meter placed downstream of the energy supply meter that measures the energy delivered to a load or a group of loads.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-03-072, filed 1/19/16, effective 7/1/16)
WAC 51-11C-20220Section C202.20—T.
TEMPORARY GROWING STRUCTURE. A temporary growing structure has sides and roof covered with polyethylene, polyvinyl or similar flexible synthetic material and is used to provide plants with either frost protection or increased heat retention. Temporary structures are those that are erected for a period of less than 180 days.
THERMOSTAT. An automatic control device used to maintain temperature at a fixed or adjustable set point.
TIME SWITCH CONTROL. An automatic control device or system that controls lighting or other loads, including switching off, based on time schedules.
TOPLIT. See Section C405.2.4.3.
TUBULAR DAYLIGHTING DEVICE (TDD). A nonoperable skylight device primarily designed to transmit daylight from a roof surface to an interior ceiling surface via a tubular conduit. The device consists of an exterior glazed weathering surface, a light transmitting tube with a reflective inside surface and an interior sealing device, such as a translucent ceiling panel.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-03-072, filed 1/19/16, effective 7/1/16)
WAC 51-11C-20222Section C202.22—V.
VARIABLE REFRIGERANT FLOW SYSTEM. An engineered direct-expansion (DX) refrigerant system that incorporates a common condensing unit, at least one variable capacity compressor, a distributed refrigerant piping network to multiple indoor fan heating and cooling units each capable of individual zone temperature control, through integral zone temperature control devices and a common communications network. Variable refrigerant flow utilizes three or more steps of control on common interconnecting piping.
VENTILATION. The natural or mechanical process of supplying conditioned or unconditioned air to, or removing such air from, any space.
VENTILATION AIR. That portion of supply air that comes from outside (outdoors) plus any recirculated air that has been treated to maintain the desired quality of air within a designated space.
VERTICAL FENESTRATION. See "FENESTRATION."
VISIBLE TRANSMITTANCE [VT]. The ratio of visible light entering the space through the fenestration product assembly to the incident visible light, visible transmittance, includes the effects of glazing material and frame and is expressed as a number between 0 and 1. For skylights, VT shall be measured and rated in accordance with NFRC 202.
VISIBLE TRANSMITTANCE - ANNUAL [VT-ANNUAL]. The ratio of visible light entering the space through the fenestration product assembly to the incident visible light during the course of a year, visible transmittance, which includes the effects of glazing material, frame, and light well or tubular conduit, and is expressed as a number between 0 and 1. For tubular daylighting devices, VT-annual shall be measured and rated in accordance with NFRC 203.
VOLTAGE DROP. A decrease in voltage caused by losses in the wiring system that connect the power source to the load.
Reviser's note: The brackets and enclosed material in the text of the above section occurred in the copy filed by the agency and appear in the Register pursuant to the requirements of RCW
34.08.040.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-03-072, filed 1/19/16, effective 7/1/16)
WAC 51-11C-30310Section 303.1—Identification.
C303.1 Identification. Materials, systems and equipment shall be identified in a manner that will allow a determination of compliance with the applicable provisions of this code.
C303.1.1 Building thermal envelope insulation. An R-value identification mark shall be applied by the manufacturer to each piece of building thermal envelope insulation 12 inches (305 mm) or greater in width. Alternately, the insulation installers shall provide a certification listing the type, manufacturer and R-value of insulation installed in each element of the building thermal envelope. For blown or sprayed insulation (fiberglass and cellulose), the initial installed thickness, settled thickness, settled R-value, installed density, coverage area and number of bags installed shall be listed on the certification. For sprayed polyurethane foam (SPF) insulation, the installed thickness of the areas covered and R-value of installed thickness shall be listed on the certification. For insulated siding, the R-value shall be labeled on the product's package and shall be listed on the certification. The insulation installer shall sign, date and post the certification in a conspicuous location on the job site.
EXCEPTION: | For roof insulation installed above the deck, the R-value shall be labeled as required by the material standards specified in Table 1508.2 of the International Building Code. |
C303.1.1.1 Blown or sprayed roof/ceiling insulation. The thickness of blown-in or sprayed fiberglass and cellulose roof/ceiling insulation (((fiberglass or cellulose))) shall be written in inches (mm) on markers ((that are installed at least one)) for every 300 square feet (28 m2) of attic area throughout the attic space. The markers shall be affixed to the trusses or joists and marked with the minimum initial installed thickness with numbers of not less than 1 inch (25 mm) in height. Each marker shall face the attic access opening. Spray polyurethane foam thickness and installed R-value shall be listed on certification provided by the insulation installer.
C303.1.2 Insulation mark installation. Insulating materials shall be installed such that the manufacturer's R-value mark is readily observable upon inspection.
C303.1.3 Fenestration product rating.U-factors of fenestration ((products (windows, doors and skylights))) shall be determined ((in accordance with NFRC 100.
EXCEPTION: | Where required, garage door U-factors shall be determined in accordance with either NFRC 100 or ANSI/DASMA 105.)) |
as follows:
1. For windows, doors and skylights, U-factor ratings shall be determined in accordance with NFRC 100.
2. Where required for garage doors and rolling doors, U-factor ratings shall be determined in accordance with either NFRC 100 or ANSI/DASMA 105.
U-factors shall be determined by an accredited, independent laboratory, and labeled and certified by the manufacturer.
Products lacking such a labeled U-factor shall be assigned a default U-factor from Table C303.1.3(1), C303.1.3(2) or C303.1.3(4). The solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) and visible transmittance (VT) of glazed fenestration products (windows, glazed doors and skylights) shall be determined in accordance with NFRC 200 by an accredited, independent laboratory, and labeled and certified by the manufacturer. Products lacking such a labeled SHGC or VT shall be assigned a default SHGC or VT from Table C303.1.3(3).
EXCEPTION: | Units without NFRC ratings produced by a small business may be assigned default U-factors from Table C303.1.3(5) for vertical fenestration. |
C303.1.4 Insulation product rating. The thermal resistance (R-value) of insulation shall be determined in accordance with the U.S. Federal Trade Commission R-value rule (C.F.R. Title 16, Part 460) in units of h x ft2 x °F/Btu at a mean temperature of 75°F (24°C).
C303.1.4.1 Insulated siding. The thermal resistance (R-Value) shall be determined in accordance with ASTM C1363. Installation for testing shall be in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions.
C303.1.5 Spandrel panels in glass curtain walls. Table C303.1.5 provides default U-factors for the spandrel section of glass and other curtain wall systems. Design factors that affect performance are the type of framing, the type of spandrel panel and the R-value of insulation. Four framing conditions are considered in the table. The first is the common case where standard aluminum mullions are used. Standard mullions provide a thermal bridge through the insulation, reducing its effectiveness. The second case is for metal framing members that have a thermal break. A thermal break frame uses a urethane or other nonmetallic element to separate the metal exposed to outside conditions from the metal that is exposed to interior conditions. The third case is for structural glazing or systems where there are no exposed mullions on the exterior. The fourth case is for the condition where there is no framing or the insulation is continuous and uninterrupted by framing. The columns in the table can be used for any specified level of insulation between framing members installed in framed curtain walls or spandrel panels.
C303.1.5.1 Window wall application. Where "window wall" or similar assembly that is discontinuous at intermediate slab edges is used, the slab edge U-value shall be as listed in Appendix Table A103.3.7.1(3) or as determined using an approved calculation.
C303.1.5.2 Table value assumptions. In addition to the spandrel panel assembly, the construction assembly U-factors assume an air gap between the spandrel panel (with an R-value of 1.39) and one layer of 5/8-inch gypsum board (with an R-value of 0.56) that provides the interior finish. The gypsum board is assumed to span between the window sill and a channel at the floor. For assemblies that differ from these assumptions, custom U-factors can be calculated to account for any amount of continuous insulation or for unusual construction assemblies using Equations 3-1, 3-2 or 3-3 where appropriate. Spandrel panel U-factors for assemblies other than those covered by Table C303.1.5 or Equations 3-1 through 3-3 may be determined using an alternate approved methodology. Equations 3-1 through 3-3 do not calculate the value of any insulation inboard of the curtain wall assembly.
Aluminum without Thermal Break
(Equation 3-1)
Aluminum with Thermal Break
(Equation 3-2)
Structural Glazing
(Equation 3-3)
Reviser's note: The brackets and enclosed material in the text of the above section occurred in the copy filed by the agency and appear in the Register pursuant to the requirements of RCW
34.08.040.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-03-072, filed 1/19/16, effective 7/1/16)
WAC 51-11C-303131Table C303.1.3(1)—Default glazed ((fenestration))window, glass door and skylightU-factors.
Table C303.1.3(1)
Default Glazed ((Fenestration))Window, Glass Door and SkylightU-Factors
| Window and Glass Door | |
FRAME TYPE | SINGLE PANE | DOUBLE PANE | SKY-LIGHT |
Metal | 1.20 | 0.80 | |
Metal with Thermal Break | 1.10 | 0.65 | See Table C303.1.3(4) |
Nonmetal or Metal Clad | 0.95 | 0.55 | |
Glazed Block | 0.60 |
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 13-04-056, filed 2/1/13, effective 7/1/13)
WAC 51-11C-303132Table C303.1.3(2)—Default door U-factors.
Table C303.1.3(2)
Default Opaque Door U-Factors
See Appendix A, Section A107
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-11C-30315Table C303.1.5—U-factors for spandrel panels and glass curtain walls.
Table C303.1.5
U-Factors for Spandrel Panels and Glass Curtain Walls
| | Rated R-Value of Insulation Between Framing Members |
None | R-4 | R-7 | R-10 | R-15 | R-20 | R-25 | R-30 |
Frame Type | Spandrel Panel | | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H |
Aluminum without Thermal Break | Single glass pane, stone or metal panel | 1 | 0.360 | 0.242 | 0.222 | 0.212 | 0.203 | 0.198 | 0.195 | 0.193 |
Double glass with no low-e coatings | 2 | 0.297 | 0.233 | 0.218 | 0.209 | 0.202 | 0.197 | 0.194 | 0.192 |
Triple or low-e glass | 3 | 0.267 | 0.226 | 0.214 | 0.207 | 0.200 | 0.196 | 0.194 | 0.192 |
Aluminum with Thermal Break | Single glass pane, stone or metal panel | 4 | 0.350 | 0.211 | 0.186 | 0.173 | 0.162 | 0.155 | 0.151 | 0.149 |
Double glass with no low-e coatings | 5 | 0.278 | 0.200 | 0.180 | 0.170 | 0.160 | 0.154 | 0.151 | 0.148 |
Triple or low-e glass | 6 | 0.241 | 0.191 | 0.176 | 0.167 | 0.159 | 0.153 | 0.150 | 0.148 |
Structural Glazing | Single glass pane, stone or metal panel | 7 | 0.354 | 0.195 | 0.163 | 0.147 | 0.132 | 0.123 | 0.118 | 0.114 |
Double glass with no low-e coatings | 8 | 0.274 | 0.180 | 0.156 | 0.142 | 0.129 | 0.122 | 0.117 | 0.114 |
Triple or low-e glass | 9 | 0.231 | 0.169 | 0.150 | 0.138 | 0.127 | 0.121 | 0.116 | 0.113 |
No Framing, or Insulation is Continuous | Single glass pane, stone or metal panel | 10 | 0.360 | 0.148 | 0.102 | 0.078 | 0.056 | 0.044 | 0.036 | 0.031 |
Double glass with no low-e coatings | 11 | 0.297 | 0.136 | 0.097 | 0.075 | 0.054 | 0.043 | 0.035 | 0.030 |
Triple or low-e glass | 12 | 0.267 | 0.129 | 0.093 | 0.073 | 0.053 | 0.042 | 0.035 | 0.030 |
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-03-072, filed 1/19/16, effective 7/1/16)
WAC 51-11C-30320Section C303.2—Installation.
C303.2 Installation. Materials, systems and equipment shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and the International Building Code.
C303.2.1 Protection of exposed foundation insulation. Insulation applied to the exterior of basement walls, crawlspace walls and the perimeter of slab-on-grade floors shall have a rigid, opaque and weather-resistant protective covering to prevent the degradation of the insulation's thermal performance. The protective covering shall cover the exposed exterior insulation and extend not less than 6 inches (153 mm) below grade.
C303.2.2 Multiple layers of continuous insulation. Where two or more layers of continuous insulation board are used in a construction assembly, the continuous insulation boards shall be installed in accordance with Section C303.2. Where the continuous insulation board manufacturer's instructions do not address installation of two or more layers, the edge joints between each layer of continuous insulation boards shall be staggered.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 13-04-056, filed 2/1/13, effective 7/1/13)
WAC 51-11C-30330((Section C303.3—Maintenance information.))Reserved.
((C303.3 Maintenance information. Maintenance instructions shall be furnished for equipment and systems that require preventive maintenance. Required regular maintenance actions shall be clearly stated and incorporated on a readily accessible label. The label shall include the title or publication number for the operation and maintenance manual for that particular model and type of product.))
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-24-070, filed 12/6/16, effective 5/1/17)
WAC 51-11C-40100Section C401—General.
C401.1 Scope. The provisions in this chapter are applicable to commercial buildings and their building sites.
C401.2 Application. Commercial buildings shall comply with one of the following:
1. The requirements of Sections C402, C403, C404, C405, C406, C408, C409 and C410.
2. The requirements of Section C407((, C408, C409, C410, C402.5, C403.2, C404, C405.2, C405.3, C405.4, C405.6 and C405.7. The building energy consumption shall be equal to or less than 87, 90, or 93 percent of the standard reference design building, depending on the option selected per Section C407.3)).
3. When adopted by the local jurisdiction, the requirements of Appendix F, Outcome-Based Energy Budget, Sections C408, C409 and any specific sections in Table C407.2 as determined by the local jurisdiction. The proposed total UA of the proposed building shall be no more than 20 percent higher than the allowed total UA as defined in Section C402.1.5.
C401.2.1 Application to existing buildings. Work on existing buildings shall comply with Chapter 5 in addition to the applicable provisions of Chapter 4.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-24-070, filed 12/6/16, effective 5/1/17)
WAC 51-11C-40210Section C402.1—General (Prescriptive).
C402.1 General (((Prescriptive))). Building thermal envelope assemblies for buildings that are intended to comply with the code on a prescriptive basis, in accordance with the compliance path described in Item 1 of Section C401.2, shall comply with the following:
1. The opaque portions of the building thermal envelope shall comply with the specific insulation requirements of Section C402.2 and the thermal requirements of either the R-value based method of Section C402.1.3, the U-, C- and F-factor based method of Section C402.1.4, or the component performance alternative of Section C402.1.5.
2. Fenestration in building envelope assemblies shall comply with Section C402.4, or the component performance alternative of Section C402.1.5.
3. Air leakage of building envelope assemblies shall comply with Section C402.5.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-24-070, filed 12/6/16, effective 5/1/17)
WAC 51-11C-40211Section C402.1.1—Low energy buildings.
C402.1.1Low energy buildings, semi-heated buildings and greenhouses. Low energy buildings shall comply with Section C402.1.1.1. Semi-heated buildings and spaces shall comply with Section C402.1.1.2. Greenhouses shall comply with Section C402.1.1.3.
C402.1.1.1 Low energy buildings. The following buildings, or portions thereof, separated from the remainder of the building by building thermal envelope assemblies complying with this code shall be exempt from all thermal envelope provision of this code:
1. Those that are heated and/or cooled with a peak design rate of energy usage less than 3.4 Btu/h × ft2 (10.7 W/m2) or 1.0 watt/ft2 (10.7 W/m2) of floor area for space conditioning purposes.
2. Those that do not contain conditioned space.
3. ((Greenhouses where cooling does not include a condensing unit and that are isolated from any other conditioned space.
4.)) Unstaffed equipment shelters or cabinets used solely for personal wireless service facilities.
((C402.1.1.1))C402.1.1.2 Semi-heated buildings and spaces. The building envelope of semi-heated buildings, or portions thereof, shall comply with the same requirements as that for conditioned spaces in Section C402, except as modified by this section. The total installed output capacity of mechanical space conditioning systems serving a semi-heated building or space shall comply with Section C202. Building envelope assemblies separating conditioned space from semi-heated space shall comply with exterior envelope insulation requirements. Semi-heated spaces heated by mechanical systems that do not include electric resistance heating equipment are not required to comply with the opaque wall insulation provisions of Section C402.2.3 for walls that separate semi-heated spaces from the exterior or low energy spaces. Semi-heated spaces shall be calculated separately from other conditioned spaces for compliance purposes. Opaque walls in semi-heated spaces shall be calculated as fully code compliant opaque walls for both the target and proposed for the Target UA calculations for Component Performance compliance per Section C402.1.5, and for the Standard Reference Design for Total Building Performance compliance per Section C407. The capacity of heat trace temperature maintenance systems complying with Section C404.7.2 that are provided for freeze protection of piping and equipment only shall not be included in the total installed output capacity of mechanical space conditioning systems.
EXCEPTION: | Building or space may comply as semi-heated when served by one or more of the following system alternatives: |
| 1. Electric infrared heating equipment for localized heating applications. |
| 2. Heat pumps with cooling capacity permanently disabled, as preapproved by the jurisdiction. |
C402.1.1.3 Greenhouses.Greenhouse structures or areas that comply with all of the following shall be exempt from the building envelope requirements of this code:
1. Exterior opaque envelope assemblies comply with Sections C402.2 and C402.4.4.
EXCEPTION: | Low energy greenhouses that comply with Section C402.1.1.1. |
2. Interior partition building thermal envelope assemblies that separate the greenhouse from conditioned space complying with Sections C402.2, C402.4.3 and C402.4.4.
3. Nonopaque envelope assemblies complying with the thermal envelope requirements in Table C402.1.3. The U-factor for the nonopaque roof shall be for the roof assembly or a roof that includes the assembly and an internal curtain system.
EXCEPTION: | Unheated greenhouses. |
4. No mechanical cooling is provided.
5. For heated greenhouses, heating is provided by a radiant heating system, a condensing natural gas-fired or condensing propane-fired heating system, or a heat pump with cooling capacity permanently disabled as preapproved by the jurisdiction.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-03-072, filed 1/19/16, effective 7/1/16)
WAC 51-11C-40212Section C402.1.2—Equipment buildings.
C402.1.2 Equipment buildings. Buildings that comply with all of the following shall be exempt from the building thermal envelope provisions of this code:
1. Are separate buildings with floor area no more than 500 square feet (50 m2).
2. Are intended to house electronic equipment with installed equipment power totaling at least 7 watts per square foot (75 W/m2) and not intended for human occupancy.
3. Are served by mechanical cooling and heating systems sized in accordance with Sections C403.1.2 and C403.3.1.
4. Have a heating system capacity not greater than 17,000 Btu/hr (5 kW) and a heating thermostat set point that is restricted to not more than 50°F (10°C).
((4.))5. Have an average wall and roof U-factor less than 0.200.
EXCEPTION: | Where the cooling and heating system is a heat pump, the heating capacity is allowed to exceed 17,000 Btu/h provided the heat pump cooling efficiency is at least 15 percent better than the requirements in Table C403.3.2(2). |
C402.1.2.1 Standalone elevator hoistways. Elevator hoistways that comply with all of the following shall be exempt from the building thermal envelope and envelope air barrier provisions of this code:
1. Are separate from any other conditioned spaces in the building (do not serve or open into any conditioned, semi-heated or indirectly conditioned space).
2. Have heating and/or cooling equipment sized only to serve the expected elevator loads with thermostat setpoints restricted to heating to no higher than 40°F and cooling to no lower than 95°F.
3. Have an area weighted average wall, roof and floor (where applicable) U-factor of less than or equal to 0.20. Calculations must include any floor-slab-edges that penetrate the hoistway and thus are considered part of the above-grade walls.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-24-070, filed 12/6/16, effective 5/1/17)
WAC 51-11C-402121Table C402.1.3—Opaque thermal envelope assembly R-value requirements.
Table C402.1.3
Opaque Thermal Envelope Insulation Component
Minimum Requirements, R-value Methoda,((g))i
CLIMATE ZONE | 5 AND MARINE 4 |
| All Other | Group R |
Roofs |
Insulation entirely above deck | R-38ci | R-38ci |
Metal buildingsb | R-25 + R-11 LS | R-25 + R-11 LS |
Attic and other | R-49 | R-49 |
Walls, Above Grade |
Massh | R-9.5cic | R-13.3ci |
Mass transfer deck slab edge | R-5 | R-5 |
Metal buildings | R-19ci or R-13 + 13ci | R-19ci or R-13 + 13ci |
Steel framed | R-13 + R-10ci | R-19 + R-8.5ci |
Wood framed and other | R-21 int or R-15 + 5ci std | ((R-21 int))R-13 + 7.5ci std or R-20 + 3.8ci std or R-25 std |
Walls, Below Grade |
Below-grade walld,h | Same as above grade | Same as above grade |
Floors |
Massf | R-30ci | R-30ci |
Joist/framing | R-30e | R-30e |
Slab-on-Grade Floors |
Unheated slabs | R-10 for 24" below | R-10 for 24" below |
Heated slabs | R-10 perimeter & under entire slab | R-10 perimeter & under entire slab |
Opaque Doorsg |
Nonswinging | R-4.75 | R-4.75 |
For SI: | 1 inch = 25.4 mm. ci = Continuous insulation. NR = No requirement. |
LS = | Liner system—A continuous membrane installed below the purlins and uninterrupted by framing members. Uncompressed, unfaced insulation rests on top of the membrane between the purlins. |
a | Assembly descriptions can be found in Chapter 2 and Appendix A. |
b | Where using R-value compliance method, a thermal spacer block with minimum thickness of 1/2-inch and minimum R-value of R-3.5 shall be provided, otherwise use the U-factor compliance method in Table C402.1.4. |
c | Exception: Integral insulated concrete block walls complying with ASTM C90 with all cores filled and meeting both of the following: |
| 1. At least 50 percent of cores must be filled with vermiculite or equivalent fill insulation; and |
| 2. The building thermal envelope encloses one or more of the following uses: Warehouse (storage and retail), gymnasium, auditorium, church chapel, arena, kennel, manufacturing plant, indoor swimming pool, pump station, water and waste water treatment facility, storage facility, storage area, motor vehicle service facility. Where additional uses not listed (such as office, retail, etc.) are contained within the building, the exterior walls that enclose these areas may not utilize this exception and must comply with the appropriate mass wall R-value from Table C402.1.3/U-factor from Table C402.1.4. |
d | Where heated slabs are below grade, they shall comply with the insulation requirements for heated slabs. |
e | Steel floor joist systems shall be insulated to R-38 + R-10ci. |
f | "Mass floors" shall include floors weighing not less than: |
| 1. 35 pounds per square foot of floor surface area; or |
| 2. 25 pounds per square foot of floor surface area where the material weight is not more than 120 pounds per cubic foot. |
g | Not applicable to garage doors. See Table C402.1.4. |
h | Peripheral edges of intermediate concrete floors are included in the above-grade mass wall category and therefore must be insulated as above-grade mass walls unless they meet the definition of Mass Transfer Deck Slab Edge. The area of the peripheral edges of concrete floors shall be defined as the thickness of the slab multiplied by the perimeter length of the edge condition. See Table A103.3.7.2 for typical default U-factors for above-grade slab edges and footnote c for typical conditions of above-grade slab edges. |
i | For roof, wall or floor assemblies where the proposed assembly would not be continuous insulation, an alternate nominal R-value compliance option for assemblies with isolated metal penetrations of otherwise continuous insulation is: |
Assemblies with continuous insulation (see definition) | Alternate option for assemblies with metal penetrations, greater than 0.04% but less than 0.08% | Alternate option for assemblies with metal penetrations, greater than or equal to 0.08% but less than 0.12% |
R-9.5ci | R-11.9ci | R-13ci |
R-11.4ci | R-14.3ci | R-15.7ci |
R-13.3ci | R-16.6ci | R-18.3ci |
R-15.2ci | R-19.0ci | R-21ci |
R-30ci | R-38ci | R-42ci |
R-38ci | R-48ci | R-53ci |
R-13 + R-7.5ci | R-13 + R-9.4ci | R-13 + R-10.3ci |
R-13 + R-10ci | R-13 + R-12.5ci | R-13 + R-13.8ci |
R-13 + R-12.5ci | R-13 + R-15.6ci | R-13 + R-17.2ci |
R-13 + R-13ci | R-13 + R-16.3ci | R-13 + R-17.9ci |
R-19 + R-8.5ci | R-19 + R-10.6ci | R-19 + R-11.7ci |
R-19 + R-14ci | R-19 + R-17.5ci | R-19 + R-19.2ci |
R-19 + R-16ci | R-19 + R-20ci | R-19 + R-22ci |
R-20 + R-3.8ci | R-20 + R-4.8ci | R-20 + R-5.3ci |
R-21 + R-5ci | R-21 + R-6.3ci | R-21 + R-6.9ci |
This alternate nominal R-value compliance option is allowed for projects complying with all of the following:
1. | The ratio of the cross-sectional area, as measured in the plane of the surface, of metal penetrations of otherwise continuous insulation to the opaque surface area of the assembly is greater than 0.0004 (0.04%), but less than 0.0012 (0.12%). |
2. | The metal penetrations of otherwise continuous insulation are isolated or discontinuous (e.g., brick ties or other discontinuous metal attachments, offset brackets supporting shelf angles that allow insulation to go between the shelf angle and the primary portions of the wall structure). No continuous metal elements (e.g., metal studs, z-girts, z-channels, shelf angles) penetrate the otherwise continuous portion of the insulation. |
3. | Building permit drawings shall contain details showing the locations and dimensions of all the metal penetrations (e.g., brick ties or other discontinuous metal attachments, offset brackets, etc.) of otherwise continuous insulation. In addition, calculations shall be provided showing the ratio of the cross-sectional area of metal penetrations of otherwise continuous insulation to the overall opaque wall area. |
For other cases where the proposed assembly is not continuous insulation, see Section C402.1.4 for determination of U-factors for assemblies that include metal other than screws and nails.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-13-089, filed 6/15/16, effective 7/16/16)
WAC 51-11C-40213Section C402.1.3—Insulation component R-value method.
C402.1.3 Insulation component R-value-based method.Building thermal envelope opaque assemblies shall ((meet))comply with the requirements of Section C402.2 based on the climate zone specified in Chapter 3. For opaque portions of the building thermal envelope intended to comply on an insulation component R-value basis, the R-values for insulation ((in framing areas, where required, and for continuous insulation, where required,)) shall not be less than that specified in Table C402.1.3. Commercial buildings or portions of commercial buildings enclosing Group R occupancies shall use the R-values from the "Group R" column of Table C402.1.3. Commercial buildings or portions of commercial buildings enclosing occupancies other than Group R shall use the R-values from the "All other" column of Table C402.1.3. ((The thermal resistance or R-value of the insulating material installed in, or continuously on, below grade exterior walls of the building envelope required in accordance with Table C402.1.3 shall extend to the lowest floor of the conditioned space enclosed by the below grade wall. Doors having less than 50 percent opaque glass area shall be considered opaque doors. Opaque swinging doors shall comply with the Table C402.1.4 and opaque nonswinging doors shall comply with Table C402.1.3 or C402.1.4.))
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-24-070, filed 12/6/16, effective 5/1/17)
WAC 51-11C-40214Section C402.1.4—Assembly U-factor, C-factor, or F-factor-based method.
C402.1.4 Assembly U-factor, C-factor, or F-factor-based method. Building thermal envelope opaque assemblies shall meet the requirements of Section C402.2 based on the climate zone specified in Chapter 3. Building thermal envelope opaque assemblies intended to comply on an assembly U-, C-, or F-factor basis shall have a U-, C-, or F-factor not greater than that specified in Table C402.1.4. Commercial buildings or portions of commercial buildings enclosing Group R occupancies shall use the U-, C-, or F-factor from the "Group R" column of Table C402.1.4. Commercial buildings or portions of commercial buildings enclosing occupancies other than Group R shall use the U-, C-, or F-factor from the "All other" column of Table C402.1.4. ((The C-factor for the below-grade exterior walls of the building envelope, as required in accordance with Table C402.1.4, shall extend to the level of the lowest conditioned floor. Opaque swinging doors shall comply with Table C402.1.4 and opaque nonswinging doors shall comply with Table C402.1.3 or C402.1.4.)) The U-factors for typical construction assemblies are included in Appendix A. These values shall be used for all calculations. Where proposed construction assemblies are not represented in Appendix A, values shall be calculated in accordance with the ASHRAE Handbook—Fundamentals using the framing factors listed in Appendix A where applicable and shall include the thermal bridging effects of framing materials.
C402.1.4.1 Thermal resistance of cold-formed steel stud walls.U-factors of walls with cold-formed steel studs shall be permitted to be determined in accordance with Equation 4-1:
Equation 4-1:
U = 1/[Rs + (ER)] |
Where: |
Rs | = | The cumulative R-value of the wall components along the path of heat transfer, excluding the cavity insulation and steel studs. |
ER | = | The effective R-value of the cavity insulation with steel studs. |
Reviser's note: The brackets and enclosed material in the text of the above section occurred in the copy filed by the agency and appear in the Register pursuant to the requirements of RCW
34.08.040.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-24-070, filed 12/6/16, effective 5/1/17)
WAC 51-11C-402141Table C402.1.4—Opaque thermal envelope requirements, U-factor method.
Table C402.1.4
Opaque Thermal Envelope Requirementsa,f
CLIMATE ZONE | 5 AND MARINE 4 |
| All Other | Group R |
Roofs |
Insulation entirely above deck | U-0.027 | U-0.027 |
Metal buildings | U-0.031 | U-0.031 |
Attic and other | U-0.021 | U-0.021 |
Joist or single rafter | U-0.027 | U-0.027 |
Walls, Above Grade |
Massg | U-0.104d | U-0.078 |
Mass transfer deck slab edge | U-0.20 | U-0.20 |
Metal building | U-0.052 | U-0.052 |
Steel framed | U-0.055 | U-0.055 |
Wood framed and other | U-0.054 | ((U-0.054)) U-0.051 |
Walls, Below Grade |
Below-grade wallb, g | Same as above grade | Same as above grade |
Floors |
Masse | U-0.031 | U-0.031 |
Joist/framing | U-0.029 | U-0.029 |
Slab-on-Grade Floors |
Unheated slabs | F-0.54 | F-0.54 |
Heated slabsc | F-0.55 | F-0.55 |
Opaque Doors |
Swinging door | U-0.37 | U-0.37 |
Nonswinging door | U-0.34 | U-0.34 |
Garage door <14% glazing | U-0.31 | U-0.31 |
a | Use of opaque assembly U-factors, C-factors, and F-factors from Appendix A is required unless otherwise allowed by Section C402.1.4. |
b | Where heated slabs are below grade, they shall comply with the F-factor requirements for heated slabs. |
c | Heated slab F-factors shall be determined specifically for heated slabs. Unheated slab factors shall not be used. |
d | Exception: Integral insulated concrete block walls complying with ASTM C90 with all cores filled and meeting both of the following: |
| 1. At least 50 percent of cores must be filled with vermiculite or equivalent fill insulation; and |
| 2. The building thermal envelope encloses one or more of the following uses: Warehouse (storage and retail), gymnasium, auditorium, church chapel, arena, kennel, manufacturing plant, indoor swimming pool, pump station, water and waste water treatment facility, storage facility, storage area, motor vehicle service facility. Where additional uses not listed (such as office, retail, etc.) are contained within the building, the exterior walls that enclose these areas may not utilize this exception and must comply with the appropriate mass wall R-value from Table C402.1.3/U-factor from Table C402.1.4. |
e | "Mass floors" shall include floors weighing not less than: 1. 35 pounds per square foot of floor surface area; or 2. 25 pounds per square foot of floor surface area where the material weight is not more than 120 pounds per cubic foot. |
f | Opaque assembly U-factors based on designs tested in accordance with ASTM C1363 shall be permitted. The R-value of continuous insulation shall be permitted to be added or substracted from the original test design. |
g | Peripheral edges of intermediate concrete floors are included in the above-grade mass wall category and therefore must be insulated as above-grade mass walls unless they meet the definition of Mass Transfer Deck Slab Edge. The area of the peripheral edges of concrete floors shall be defined as the thickness of the slab multiplied by the perimeter length of the edge condition. See Table A103.3.7.2 for typical default U-factors for above-grade slab edges and footnote c for typical conditions of above-grade slab edges. |
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-24-070, filed 12/6/16, effective 5/1/17)
WAC 51-11C-40220Section C402.2—Specific insulation requirements.
C402.2 Specific building thermal envelope insulation requirements (((Prescriptive))). Insulation in building thermal envelope opaque assemblies shall comply with Sections C402.2.1 through C402.2.6 and Table C402.1.3.
Where this section refers to installing insulation levels as specified in Section C402.1.3, assemblies complying with Section C402.1.4 and buildings complying with Section C402.1.5 are allowed to install alternate levels of insulation so long as the U-factor of the insulated assembly is less than or equal to the U-factor required by the respective path.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-03-072, filed 1/19/16, effective 7/1/16)
WAC 51-11C-40221Section C402.2.1—((Multiple layers of continuous insulation))Roof assembly.
C402.2.1 ((Multiple layers of continuous insulation. Where two or more layers of continuous insulation board are used in a construction assembly, the continuous insulation boards shall be installed in accordance with Section C303.2. If the continuous insulation board manufacturer's installation instructions do not address installation of two or more layers, the edge joints between each layer of continuous insulation boards shall be staggered.))Roof assembly. The minimum thermal resistance (R-value) of the insulating material installed either between the roof framing or continuously on the roof assembly shall be as specified in Table C402.1.3, based on construction materials used in the roof assembly. Continuous insulation board shall be installed in not less than 2 layers and the edge joints between each layer of insulation shall be staggered. Insulation installed on a suspended ceiling with removable ceiling tiles shall not be considered part of the minimum thermal resistance of the roof insulation.
EXCEPTIONS: | 1. Continuously insulated roof assemblies where the thickness of insulation varies 1 inch (25 mm) or less and where the area-weighted U-factor is equivalent to the same assembly with the R-value specified in Table C402.1.3. |
| 2. Where tapered insulation is used with insulation entirely above deck, those roof assemblies shall show compliance on a U-factor basis per Section C402.1.4. The effective U-factor shall be determined through the use of Tables A102.2.6(1), A102.2.6(2) and A102.2.6(3). |
| 3. Two layers of insulation are not required where insulation tapers to the roof deck, such as at roof drains. At roof drains, the immediate 24 inch by 24 inch plan area around each roof drain has a minimum insulation requirement of R-13, but otherwise is permitted to be excluded from the roof insulation area-weighted calculations. |
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-03-072, filed 1/19/16, effective 7/1/16)
WAC 51-11C-402211((Reserved.))Skylight curbs.
C402.2.1.1 Skylight curbs. Skylight curbs shall be insulated to the level of roofs with insulation entirely above deck or R-5, whichever is less.
EXCEPTION: | Unit skylight curbs included as a component of a skylight listed and labeled in accordance with NFRC 100 shall not be required to be insulated. |
C402.2.1.2 Rooftop HVAC equipment curbs. Structural curbs installed to support rooftop HVAC equipment are allowed to interrupt the above roof insulation. The area under the HVAC equipment inside of the equipment curb shall be insulated to a minimum of R-13 in all locations where there are not roof openings for ductwork. The annular space between the roof opening and the ductwork shall be sealed to maintain the building air barrier. The plan-view area of the HVAC equipment curb shall be excluded from the prescriptive roof insulation requirements or the area-weighted component performance calculations.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-03-072, filed 1/19/16, effective 7/1/16)
WAC 51-11C-40222((Section C402.2.2—Roof assembly.))Reserved.
((C402.2.2Roof assembly. The minimum thermal resistance (R-value) of the insulating material installed either between the roof framing or continuously on the roof assembly shall be as specified in Table C402.1.3, based on construction materials used in the roof assembly. Skylight curbs shall be insulated to the level of roofs with insulation entirely above deck or R-5, whichever is less.
EXCEPTIONS: | 1. Continuously insulated roof assemblies where the thickness of insulation varies 1 inch (25 mm) or less and where the area-weighted U-factor is equivalent to the same assembly with the R-value specified in Table C402.1.3. |
| 2. Where tapered insulation is used with insulation entirely above deck, those roof assemblies shall show compliance on a U-factor basis per Section C402.1.4. The effective U-factor shall be determined through the use of Tables A102.2.6(1), A102.2.6(2) and A102.2.6(3). |
| 3. Unit skylight curbs included as a component of a skylight listed and labeled in accordance with NFRC 100 shall not be required to be insulated. |
Insulation installed on a suspended ceiling with removable ceiling tiles shall not be considered part of the minimum thermal resistance of the roof insulation.))
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-03-072, filed 1/19/16, effective 7/1/16)
WAC 51-11C-40223Section C402.2.3—Above-grade walls.
C402.2.3 ((Thermal resistance of))Above-grade walls. The minimum thermal resistance (R-value) of materials installed in the wall cavity between the framing members and continuously on the walls shall be as specified in Table C402.1.3, based on framing type and construction materials used in the wall assembly. The R-value of integral insulation installed in concrete masonry units (CMU) shall not be used in determining compliance with Table C402.1.3 except as otherwise noted in the table. In determining compliance with Table C402.1.4, the use of the U-factor of concrete masonry units with integral insulation shall be permitted.
"Mass walls" ((shall include walls))where used as a component in the thermal envelope of a building shall comply with one of the following:
1. ((Weighing))Weigh not less than 35 psf (170 kg/m2) of wall surface area.
2. ((Weighing))Weigh not less than 25 psf (120 kg/m2) of wall surface area where the material weight is not more than 120 pounds per cubic foot (pcf) (1,900 kg/m3).
3. ((Having))Have a heat capacity exceeding 7 Btu/ft2 x °F (144 kJ/m2 x K).
4. ((Having))Have a heat capacity exceeding 5 Btu/ft2 x °F (103 kJ/m2 x K) where the material weight is not more than 120 pcf (1900 kg/m3).
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-03-072, filed 1/19/16, effective 7/1/16)
WAC 51-11C-40224Section C402.2.4—Below-grade walls.
C402.2.4 ((Thermal resistance of))Below-grade walls. The ((minimum thermal resistance ())R-value(())) of the insulating material installed in, or continuously on, the below-grade walls shall be ((as specified)) in accordance with Table C402.1.3. The C-factor or R-value required shall extend to the level of the lowest floor of the conditioned space enclosed by the below-grade wall.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-13-089, filed 6/15/16, effective 7/16/16)
WAC 51-11C-40225Section C402.2.5—Floors.
C402.2.5 Floors. The thermal properties (component R-values or assembly U- or F-factors) of floor assemblies over outdoor air or unconditioned space shall be as specified in Table C402.1.3 or C402.1.4 based on the construction materials used in the floor assembly. Floor framing cavity insulation or structural slab insulation shall be installed to maintain permanent contact with the underside of the subfloor decking or structural slabs.
"Mass floors" where used as a component of the thermal envelope of a building shall provide one of the following weights:
1. 35 pounds per square foot of floor surface area;
2. 25 pounds per square foot of floor surface area where the material weight is not more than 120 pounds per cubic foot.
EXCEPTIONS: | 1. The floor framing cavity insulation or structural slab insulation shall be permitted to be in contact with the top side of sheathing or continuous insulation installed on the bottom side of floor assemblies where combined with insulation that meets or exceeds the minimum R-value in Table C402.1.3 for "Metal framed" or "Wood framed and other" values for "Walls, Above Grade" and extends from the bottom to the top of all perimeter floor framing or floor assembly members. |
| 2. Insulation applied to the underside of concrete floor slabs shall be permitted an air space of not more than 1 inch where it turns up and is in contact with the underside of the floor under walls associated with the building thermal envelope. |
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-03-072, filed 1/19/16, effective 7/1/16)
WAC 51-11C-40227((Reserved.))Airspaces.
Where the thermal properties of airspaces are used to comply with this code in accordance with Section C401.2, such airspaces shall be enclosed in an unventilated cavity constructed to minimize airflow into and out of the enclosed airspace. Airflow shall be deemed minimized where the enclosed airspace is located on the interior side of the continuous air barrier and is bounded on all sides by building components.
EXCEPTION: | The thermal resistance of airspaces located on the exterior side of the continuous air barrier and adjacent to and behind the exterior wall covering material shall be determined in accordance with ASTM C1363 modified with an airflow entering the bottom and exiting the top of the airspace at a minimum air movement rate of not less than 70 mm/sec. |
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-03-072, filed 1/19/16, effective 7/1/16)
WAC 51-11C-40228Section C402.2.8—Insulation of radiant heating systems.
C402.2.8 Insulation of radiant heating systems.Radiant heating system panels, and their associated components that are installed in interior or exterior assemblies shall be insulated ((with a minimum of))to an R-value of not less than R-3.5 (((0.62 m2/K × W))) on all surfaces not facing the space being heated. Radiant heating system panels that are installed in the building thermal envelope shall be separated from the exterior of the building or unconditioned or exempt spaces by not less than the R-value of insulation installed in the opaque assembly in which they are installed or the assembly shall comply with Section C402.1.4.
EXCEPTION: | Heated slabs on grade insulated in accordance with Section C402.2.6. |
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-03-072, filed 1/19/16, effective 7/1/16)
WAC 51-11C-40230Section C402.4—Fenestration (((Prescriptive))).
C402.3 Reserved.
C402.4 Fenestration (((Prescriptive))). Fenestration shall comply with Sections C402.4 through C402.4.4 and Table C402.4. Daylight responsive controls shall comply with this section and Section C405.2.4.1.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-03-072, filed 1/19/16, effective 7/1/16)
WAC 51-11C-402300Table C402.4—Building envelope requirements—Fenestration.
Table C402.4
Building Envelope Fenestration Maximum U-factor and SHGC Requirements
((CLIMATE ZONE | 5 AND MARINE 4 | |
Vertical Fenestration |
U-factor | | |
Nonmetal framing (all)a | 0.30 | |
Metal framing (fixed)b | 0.38 | |
Metal framing (operable)c | 0.40 | |
Metal framing (entrance doors)d | 0.60 | |
SHGC | | |
Orientation | SEW | N |
PF < 0.2 | 0.40 | 0.53 |
0.2 < PF < 0.5 | 0.48 | 0.58 |
PF ˃ 0.5 | 0.64 | 0.64 |
Skylights |
U-factor | 0.50 | |
SHGC | 0.35)) | |
CLIMATE ZONE | 5 AND MARINE 4 |
U-factor for Class AW windows rated in accordance with AAMA/CSA101/I.S.2/A440, vertical curtain walls and site-built fenestration productsa |
FixedbU-factor | U-0.38 |
OperablecU-factor | U-0.40 |
Entrance doorsd |
U-factor | U-0.60 |
U-factor for all other vertical fenestration |
U-factor | U-0.30 |
SHGC for all vertical fenestration |
Orientatione,f | SEW | N |
PF < 0.2 | 0.38 | 0.51 |
0.2 ≤ PF < 0.5 | 0.46 | 0.56 |
PF ≥ 0.5 | 0.61 | 0.61 |
Skylights |
U-factor | U-0.50 |
SHGC | 0.35 |
((NR = | No requirement.)) |
| a(("Nonmetal framing" includes framing materials other than metal, with or without metal reinforcing or cladding))U-factor and SHGC shall be rated in accordance with NFRC 100. |
| b(("Metal framing" includes metal framing, with or without thermal break.)) "Fixed" includes curtain wall, storefront, picture windows, and other fixed windows. |
| c(("Metal framing" includes metal framing, with or without thermal break.)) "Operable" includes openable fenestration products other than "entrance doors." |
| d(("Metal framing" includes metal framing, with or without thermal break.)) "Entrance door" includes glazed swinging entrance doors. Other doors which are not entrance doors, including sliding glass doors, are considered "operable." |
| e "N" indicates vertical fenestration oriented within 30 degrees of true north. "SEW" indicates orientations other than "N." |
| f Fenestration that is entirely within the conditioned space or is between conditioned and other enclosed space is exempt from solar heat gain coefficient requirements and not included in the SHGC calculation. |
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-03-072, filed 1/19/16, effective 7/1/16)
WAC 51-11C-40231Section C402.4.1—Maximum area.
C402.4.1 Maximum area. The total building vertical fenestration area (not including opaque doors and opaque spandrel panels) shall not exceed 30 percent of the total building gross above-grade wall area. The skylight area shall not exceed 5 percent of the total building gross roof area (skylight-to-roof ratio).
For buildings with more than one space conditioning category, compliance with the maximum allowed window-to-wall ratio and skylight-to-roof ratio shall be demonstrated separately for each space conditioning category. Interior partition ceiling, wall, fenestration and floor areas that separate space conditioning areas shall not be applied to the window-to-wall ratio and skylight-to-roof ratio calculations.
C402.4.1.1 ((Increased))Vertical fenestration maximum area with ((daylight responsive controls. A maximum of 40 percent of the gross above-grade wall area shall be permitted to be vertical fenestration for the purpose of prescriptive compliance with Section C402.1.4 or for the component performance alternative in Section C402.1.5, provided all of the following requirements are met:
1. In buildings not greater than two stories above grade, no))high performance alternates. For buildings that comply with Section C402.4.1.1.1 or C402.4.1.1.2, the total building vertical fenestration area is permitted to exceed 30 percent but shall not exceed 40 percent of the gross above grade wall area for the purpose of prescriptive compliance with Section C402.1.4.
When determining compliance using the component performance alternative in Section C402.1.5, the total building vertical fenestration area allowed in Equation 4-2 is 40 percent of the above grade wall area for buildings that comply with the vertical fenestration alternates described in this section.
These alternates are not permitted to be used for total building performance compliance using Section C407.
C402.4.1.1.1 Optimized daylighting. All of the following requirements shall be met:
1. Not less than 50 percent of the total conditioned floor area in the building is within a daylight zonethat includes daylight responsive controls complying with Section C405.2.4.1.
2. ((In buildings three or more stories above grade, not less than 25 percent of the net floor area is within a daylight zone.
3. Daylight responsive controls complying with Section C405.2.4.1 are installed in daylight zones.
4.)) Visible transmittance (VT) of allvertical fenestrationin the building is greater than or equal to 1.1 times solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC), or 0.50, whichever is greater.
EXCEPTION: | Fenestration that is outside the scope of NFRC 200 is not required to comply with Item ((4))2. |
((C402.4.1.2 Reserved.
C402.4.1.3))C402.4.1.1.2 Increased vertical fenestration area with high-performance fenestration.((The vertical fenestration area (not including opaque doors and opaque spandrel panels) is permitted to exceed 30 percent but shall not exceed 40 percent of the gross above grade wall area, for the purpose of prescriptive compliance with Section C402.1.3 provided that each of the following conditions are met:
1. The vertical fenestration shall have))All of the following requirements shall be met:
1. All vertical fenestration in the building shall comply with the following U-factors:
a. ((Nonmetal framing (all) = 0.28))U-factor for Class AW windows rated in accordance with AAMA/CSA101/I.S.2/A440, vertical curtain walls and site-built fenestration products (fixed) = 0.34
b. ((Metal framing (fixed) = 0.34))U-factor for Class AW windows rated in accordance with AAMA/CSA101/I.S.2/A440, vertical curtain walls and site-built fenestration products (operable) = 0.36
c. ((Metal framing (operable) = 0.36))Entrance doors = 0.60
d. ((Metal framing (entrance doors) = 0.60))U-factor for all other vertical fenestration = 0.28
2. The SHGC of the vertical fenestration shall be less than or equal to 0.35, adjusted for projection factor in compliance with C402.4.3.
An area-weighted average shall be permitted to satisfy the U-factor requirement for each fenestration product category listed in Item 1 of this section. Individual fenestration products from different fenestration product categories shall not be combined in calculating the area-weighted average U-factor.
((The compliance path described in this section is not permitted to be used for the total building performance compliance path in Section C407. The compliance path described in this section is permitted to be used for the component performance alternative in Section C402.1.5, provided that the requirements of Section C402.1.5 are met.
C402.4.1.4 Increased vertical fenestration area with high-performance mechanical systems. The vertical fenestration area (not including opaque doors and opaque spandrel panels) is permitted to exceed 30 percent but shall not exceed 40 percent of the gross above-grade wall area, for the purpose of prescriptive compliance with Section C402.1.4 or for the component performance alternative in Section C402.1.5, provided that the mechanical system complies with all requirements of Section C403.6 Dedicated outdoor air systems (DOAS) without utilizing the exceptions to Section C403.6. This increased glazing fraction is not permitted to be used to establish the reference case for the Total Building Performance compliance path in Section C407.))
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-24-070, filed 12/6/16, effective 5/1/17)
WAC 51-11C-40232Section C402.4.2—Minimum skylight fenestration area.
C402.4.2 Minimum skylight fenestration area. For ((single story buildings only, in an))buildings with single story enclosed spaces greater than 2,500 square feet (232 m2) in floor area((,))that are directly under a roof ((with not less than 75 percent of the ceiling area with))and have a ceiling height greater than 15 feet (4572 mm)((, and used as an))for no less than 75 percent of the ceiling area, these single-story spaces shall be provided with skylights and daylight responsive controls in accordance with Section C405.2.4. Space types required to comply with this provision include office, lobby, atrium, concourse, corridor, gymnasium/exercise center, convention center, automotive service, manufacturing, nonrefrigerated warehouse, retail store, distribution/sorting area, transportation, ((or workshop, skylights))and workshop. Skylights in these spaces are required to provide a total ((toplight daylight))toplit zone area not less than ((half))50 percent of the floor area and shall provide one of the following:
1. A minimum ratio of skylight area to ((toplight daylight))toplit zone area under skylights of not less than 3 percent where all skylights have a VT of at least 0.40 as determined in accordance with Section C303.1.3.
2. A minimum skylight effective aperture of at least 1 percent determined in accordance with Equation 4-5.
| Skylight Effective Aperture | = | (0.85 x Skylight Area x Skylight VT x WF)/((Daylight zone under skylight))Toplit zone | |
(Equation 4-5)
Where: | | |
Skylight area | = | Total fenestration area of skylights. |
Skylight VT | = | Area weighted average visible transmittance of skylights. |
WF | = | Area weighted average well factor, where well factor is 0.9 if light well depth is less than 2 feet (610 mm), or 0.7 if light well depth is 2 feet (610 mm) or greater, or 1.0 for tubular daylighting devices (TDD) with VT-annual ratings measured in accordance with NFRC 203. |
Light well depth | = | Measure vertically from the underside of the lowest point of the skylight glazing to the ceiling plane under the skylight. |
EXCEPTIONS: | 1. Skylights above daylight zones of enclosed spaces are not required in: |
| ((1.))1.1. Reserved. |
| ((2.))1.2. Spaces where the designed general lighting power densities are less than 0.5 W/ft2 (5.4 W/m2) and at least 10 percent lower than the lighting power allowance in Section C405.4.2. |
| ((3.))1.3. Areas where it is documented that existing structures or natural objects block direct beam sunlight on at least half of the roof over the enclosed area for more than 1,500 daytime hours per year between 8 a.m. and 4 p.m. |
| ((4.))1.4. Spaces where the daylight zone under rooftop monitors is greater than 50 percent of the enclosed space floor area. |
| ((5.))1.5. Spaces where the total floor area minus the ((sidelight daylight))sidelitzone area is less than 2,500 square feet (232 m2), and where the lighting in the daylight zone is controlled in accordance with Section C405.2.3.1. |
| 2. The skylight effective aperture, calculated in accordance with Equation 4-5, is permitted to be 0.66 percent in lieu of 1 percent if the VT-annual of the skylight or TDD, as measured by NFRC 203, is greater than 38 percent. |
C402.4.2.1 Lighting controls in daylight zones under skylights. Daylight responsive controls complying with Section C405.2.4.1 shall be provided to control all electric lights within ((daylight))toplit zones.
C402.4.2.2 Haze factor. Skylights in office, storage, automotive service, manufacturing, nonrefrigerated warehouse, retail store, and distribution/sorting area spaces shall have a glazing material or diffuser with a haze factor greater than 90 percent when tested in accordance with ASTM D 1003.
EXCEPTION: | Skylights designed and installed to exclude direct sunlight entering the occupied space by the use of fixed or automated baffles, or the geometry of skylight and light well. |
C402.4.2.3 Daylight zones. Daylight zones referenced in Sections C402.4.1.1 through C402.4.2.2 shall comply with Section C405.2.4.2 and C405.2.4.3, as applicable. Daylight zones shall include toplit zones and sidelit zones.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-24-070, filed 12/6/16, effective 5/1/17)
WAC 51-11C-40234Section C402.4.4—Doors.
C402.4.4 Doors. Opaque swinging doors shall comply with ((the applicable requirements for doors as specified in Tables C402.1.3 and C402.1.4 and))Table C402.1.4. Opaque nonswinging doors shall comply with Table C402.1.3. Opaque doors shall be considered part of the gross area of above grade walls that are part of the building thermal envelope. Other doors shall comply with the provisions of Section C402.4.3 for vertical fenestration and the entire door area, including the frame, shall be considered part of the fenestration area of the building thermal envelope.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-03-072, filed 1/19/16, effective 7/1/16)
WAC 51-11C-40240Section C402.5—Air leakage-thermal envelope.
C402.5 Air leakage-thermal envelope (((Mandatory))). The thermal envelope of buildings shall comply with Sections C402.5.1 through C402.5.8.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-03-072, filed 1/19/16, effective 7/1/16)
WAC 51-11C-40241Section C402.5.1—Air barriers.
C402.5.1 Air barriers. A continuous air barrier shall be provided throughout the building thermal envelope. The air barriers shall be permitted to be located on the inside or outside of the building envelope, located within the assemblies composing the envelope, or any combination thereof. The air barrier shall comply with Sections C402.5.1.1 and C402.5.1.2.
C402.5.1.1 Air barrier construction. The continuous air barrier shall be constructed to comply with the following:
1. The air barrier shall be continuous for all assemblies that are the thermal envelope of the building and across the joints and assemblies.
2. Air barrier joints and seams shall be sealed, including sealing transitions in places and changes in materials. The joints and seals shall be securely installed in or on the joint for its entire length so as not to dislodge, loosen or otherwise impair its ability to resist positive and negative pressure from wind, stack effect and mechanical ventilation.
3. Penetrations of the air barrier shall be caulked, gasketed or otherwise sealed in a manner compatible with the construction materials and location. Sealing shall allow for expansion, contraction and mechanical vibration. Joints and ((seals))seams associated with penetrations shall be sealed in the same manner or taped ((or covered with moisture vapor-permeable wrapping material)). Sealing materials shall be ((appropriate to the construction materials being sealed and shall be)) securely installed around the penetration so as not to dislodge, loosen or otherwise impair the penetrations' ability to resist positive and negative pressure from wind, stack effect, and mechanical ventilation. Sealing of concealed fire sprinklers, where required, shall be in a manner that is recommended by the manufacturer. Caulking or other adhesive sealants shall not be used to fill voids between fire sprinkler cover plates and walls or ceilings.
4. Recessed lighting fixtures shall comply with Section C402.5.8. Where similar objects are installed which penetrate the air barrier, provisions shall be made to maintain the integrity of the air barrier.
5. Construction documents shall contain a diagram showing the building's pressure boundary in plan(s) and section(s) and a calculation of the area of the pressure boundary to be considered in the test.
C402.5.1.2 Building test. The completed building shall be tested and the air leakage rate of the building envelope shall not exceed ((0.40))0.25 cfm/ft2 at a pressure differential of 0.3 inches water gauge (2.0 L/s • m2 at 75 Pa) at the upper 95 percent confidence interval in accordance with ASTM E 779 or an equivalent method approved by the code official. A report that includes the tested surface area, floor area, air by volume, stories above grade, and leakage rates shall be submitted to the building owner and the Code Official. ((If the tested rate exceeds that defined here, a visual inspection of the air barrier shall be conducted and any leaks noted shall be sealed to the extent practicable. An additional report identifying the corrective actions taken to seal air leaks shall be submitted to the building owner and the Code Official and any further requirement to meet the leakage air rate will be waived.))
1. Test shall be accomplished using either (1) both pressurization and depressurization or (2) pressurization alone, but not depressurization alone. The test results shall be plotted against the corrected P in accordance with Section 9.4 of ASTM E 779.
2. The test pressure range shall be from 25 Pa to 80 Pa per Section 8.10 of ASTM E 779, but the upper limit shall not be less than 50 Pa, and the difference between the upper and lower limit shall not be less than 25 Pa.
3. If the pressure exponent n is less than 0.45 or greater than 0.85 per Section 9.6.4 of ASTM E 779, the test shall be rerun with additional readings over a longer time interval.
C402.5.1.2.1 Building test for mixed-use buildings. Where a building is three or fewer stories above grade plane and contains both commercial and residential uses, the air barrier of the R-2 and R-3 occupancy areas of the building is permitted to be separately tested according to Section R402.4.1.2. Alternatively, it is permissible to test the air barrier of the entire building according to Section C402.5.1.2, provided that the tested air leakage rate does not exceed the rate specified in Section C402.5.1.2.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-03-072, filed 1/19/16, effective 7/1/16)
WAC 51-11C-40243Section C402.5.3—Rooms containing fuel-burning appliances.
C402.5.3 Rooms containing fuel-burning appliances. Where ((open)) combustion air ((ducts provide combustion air to open combustion))is supplied through openings in an exterior wall to a room or space containing a space conditioning fuel-burning appliance((s, the appliances and combustion air openings)), one of the following shall apply:
1. The room or space containing the appliance shall be located outside of the building thermal envelope((or enclosed in a room)).
2. The room or space containing the appliance shall be enclosed and isolated from conditioned spaces inside the building thermal envelope. Such rooms shall ((be sealed and insulated in accordance with the envelope requirements of))comply with all of the following:
2.1. The walls, floor and ceiling that separate the enclosed room or space from the conditioned spaces shall be insulated to be at least equivalent to the insulation requirement of below grade walls as specified in Table C402.1.3 or C402.1.4((, where)).
2.2. The walls, floors and ceilings ((shall meet the minimum of the below-grade wall R-value requirement.))that separate the enclosed room or space from conditioned spaces be sealed in accordance with Section C402.5.1.1.
2.3. The doors into the enclosed room or space shall be fully gasketed((, and any)).
2.4. Water lines and ducts in the enclosed room or space shall be insulated in accordance with Section C403. ((The combustion))
2.5. Where the air duct supplying combustion air to the enclosed room or space passes through conditioned space, the duct shall be insulated((, where it passes through conditioned space, to a minimum of))to an R-value of not less than R-8.
EXCEPTION((S)): | ((1. Direct vent appliances with both intake and exhaust pipes installed continuous to the outside. |
| 2.)) Fireplaces and stoves complying with Sections 901 through 905 of the International Mechanical Code, and Section 2111.13 of the International Building Code. |
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-03-072, filed 1/19/16, effective 7/1/16)
WAC 51-11C-40244Section C402.5.4—Doors and access openings.
C402.5.4 Doors and access openings to shafts, chutes, stairways, and elevator lobbies. Doors and access openings from conditioned space to shafts, chutes, stairways and elevator lobbies shall be gasketed, weatherstripped or sealed.
EXCEPTIONS: | 1. Door openings required to comply with Section ((715 or 715.4))716 of the International Building Code. |
| 2. Doors and door openings required to comply with UL 1784 by the International Building Code. |
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-03-072, filed 1/19/16, effective 7/1/16)
WAC 51-11C-40245Section C402.5.5—Air intakes, exhaust openings, stairways and shafts.
C402.5.5 Air intakes, exhaust openings, stairways and shafts. Stairway enclosures, elevator shaft vents and other outdoor air intakes and exhaust openings integral to the building envelope shall be provided with dampers in accordance with Section ((C403.2.4.3))C403.7.9.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-03-072, filed 1/19/16, effective 7/1/16)
WAC 51-11C-40246Section C402.5.6—Loading dock weatherseals.
C402.5.6 Loading dock weatherseals. Cargo door((s))openings and loading dock door((s))openings shall be equipped with weatherseals ((to))that restrict infiltration ((when))and provide direct contact along the top and sides of vehicles that are parked in the doorway.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-03-072, filed 1/19/16, effective 7/1/16)
WAC 51-11C-40247Section C402.5.7—Vestibules.
C402.5.7 Vestibules. All building entrances shall be protected with an enclosed vestibule, with all doors opening into and out of the vestibule equipped with self-closing devices. Vestibules shall be designed so that in passing through the vestibule it is not necessary for the interior and exterior doors to open at the same time. The installation of one or more revolving doors in the building entrance shall not eliminate the requirement that a vestibule be provided on any doors adjacent to revolving doors. For the purposes of this section, "building entrances" shall include exit-only doors in buildings where separate doors for entering and exiting are provided.
Interior and exterior doors shall have a minimum distance between them of not less than 7 feet. The exterior envelope of conditioned vestibules shall comply with the requirements for a conditioned space. Either the interior or exterior envelope of unconditioned vestibules shall comply with the requirements for a conditioned space. The building lobby is not considered a vestibule.
EXCEPTION: | Vestibules are not required for the following: |
| 1. Doors not intended to be used as building entrances. |
| 2. Unfinished ground-level space greater than 3,000 square feet (298 m2) if a note is included on the permit documents at each exterior entrance to the space stating "Vestibule required at time of tenant build-out if entrance serves a space greater than 3,000 square feet in area." |
| 3. Doors opening directly from a sleeping unit or dwelling unit. |
| 4. Doors between ((a))an enclosed space smaller than 3,000 square feet (298 m2) in area and the exterior of the building or the building entrance lobby, where those doors do not comprise one of the primary building entrance paths to the remainder of the building. The space must be enclosed and separated without transfer air paths from the primary building entrance paths. If there are doors between the space and the primary entrance path, then the doors shall be equipped with self-closing devices so the space acts as a vestibule for the primary building entrance. |
| 5. Revolving doors. |
| 6. Doors used primarily to facilitate vehicular movement or material handling and adjacent personnel doors. |
| 7. In buildings less than 3 stories above grade or in spaces that do not directly connect with the building elevator lobby, doors that have an air curtain with a velocity of not less than 6.56 feet per second (2 m/s) at the floor that have been tested in accordance with ANSI/AMCA 220 and installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Manual or automatic controls shall be provided that will operate the air curtain with the opening and closing of the door. Air curtains and their controls shall comply with Section C408.2.3. |
| 8. Building entrances in buildings that are less than four stories above grade and less than 10,000 ft2 in area. |
| 9. Elevator doors in parking garages provided that the elevators have an enclosed lobby at each level of the garage. |
| 10. Entrances to semi-heated spaces. |
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-03-072, filed 1/19/16, effective 7/1/16)
WAC 51-11C-40310Section C403.1—General.
C403.1 General. Mechanical systems and equipment serving heating, cooling, ventilating, and other needs shall comply with ((Section C403.2 and shall comply with Sections C403.3 and C403.4 based on the equipment and systems provided))this section.
EXCEPTIONS: | 1. Energy using equipment used by a manufacturing, industrial or commercial process other than for conditioning spaces or maintaining comfort and amenities for the occupants and not otherwise regulated by ((C403.2.3, Tables C403.2.3))Section C403.3.2, Tables C403.3.2 (1) through (((10)))(12) inclusive, ((C403.2.4.5, C403.2.4.6, C403.2.7, C403.2.9, C403.5.4))Sections C403.7.8, C403.9.5, C403.10.3, C403.11.2, C403.11.3, C404.2, Table C404.2, C405.8 and C410. ((Data center))Computer room HVAC equipment is not covered by this exception. |
| 2. Data center systems are exempt from Sections C403.4 and C403.5. |
C403.1.1 HVAC total system performance ratio (HVAC TSPR). For systems serving office, retail, library, and education occupancies subject to the requirements of Section C403.3.5 without exceptions, the HVAC total system performance ratio (HVAC TSPR) of the proposed design HVAC system shall be more than or equal to the HVAC TSPR of the standard reference design as calculated according to Appendix D, Calculation of HVAC Total System Performance Ratio.
EXCEPTIONS: | 1. Buildings with conditioned floor area less than 5,000 square feet. |
| 2. HVAC systems using district heating water, chilled water or steam. |
| 3. HVAC systems not included in Table D601.10.1. |
| 4. HVAC systems with chilled water supplied by absorption chillers, heat recovery chillers, water to water heat pumps, air to water heat pumps, or a combination of air and water cooled chillers on the same chilled water loop. |
| 5. HVAC systems served by heating water plants that include air to water or water to water heat pumps. |
| 6. Underfloor air distribution HVAC systems. |
| 7. Space conditioning systems that do not include mechanical cooling. |
| 8. Alterations to existing buildings that do not substantially replace the entire HVAC system. |
| 9. HVAC systems meeting all the requirements of the standard reference design HVAC system in Table D602.11, Standard Reference Design HVAC Systems. |
C403.1.2 Calculation of heating and cooling loads. Design loads associated with heating, ventilating and air conditioning of the building shall be determined in accordance with the procedures described in ANSI/ASHRAE/ACCA Standard 183 or by an approved equivalent computational procedure, using the design parameters specified in Chapter 3. Heating and cooling loads shall be adjusted to account for load reductions that are achieved where energy recovery systems are utilized in the HVAC system in accordance with the ASHRAE HVAC Systems and Equipment Handbook by an approved equivalent computational procedure.
C403.1.3 Data centers.Data center systems shall comply with Sections 6 and 8 of ASHRAE Standard 90.4 with the following changes:
1. Replace design MLC in ASHRAE Standard 90.4 Table 6.2.1.1 "Maximum Design Mechanical Load Component (Design MLC)" with the following per the applicable climate zone:
Zone 4C Design MLC = 0.22 Zone 5B Design MLC = 0.24
2. Replace annualized MLC values of Table 6.2.1.2 "Maximum Annualized Mechanical Load Component (Annualized MLC)" in ASHRAE Standard 90.4 with the following per applicable climate zone:
Zone 4C Annual MLC = 0.18 Zone 5B Annual MLC = 0.17
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-03-072, filed 1/19/16, effective 7/1/16)
WAC 51-11C-40320Section C403.2—((Provisions applicable to all mechanical))System((s))design.
C403.2 ((Provisions applicable to all mechanical systems (Mandatory).))System design. Mechanical systems ((and equipment serving the building heating, cooling or ventilating needs)) shall be designed to comply with Sections C403.2.1 ((through C403.2.13))and C403.2.2. Where elements of a building's mechanical systems are addressed in Sections C403.3 through C403.11, such elements shall comply with the applicable provisions of those sections.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-03-072, filed 1/19/16, effective 7/1/16)
WAC 51-11C-40321Section C403.2.1—((Calculation of heating and cooling loads))Zone isolation.
C403.2.1((Calculation of heating and cooling loads. Design loads associated with heating, ventilating and air conditioning of the building shall be determined in accordance with the procedures described in ANSI/ASHRAE/ACCA Standard 183 or by an approved equivalent computational procedure, using the design parameters specified in Chapter 3. Heating and cooling loads shall be adjusted to account for load reductions that are achieved where energy recovery systems are utilized in the HVAC system in accordance with the ASHRAE HVAC Systems and Equipment Handbook by an approved equivalent computational procedure.))Zone isolation required. HVAC systems serving zones that are intended to operate or be occupied nonsimultaneously shall be divided into isolation areas. Zones may be grouped into a single isolation area provided it does not exceed 25,000 square feet (2323 m2) of conditioned floor area nor include more than one floor. Each isolation area shall be equipped with isolation devices and controls configured to automatically shut off the supply of conditioned air and outdoor air to and exhaust air from the isolation area. Each isolation area shall be controlled independently by a device meeting the requirements of Section C403.4.2.2. Central systems and plants shall be provided with controls and devices that will allow system and equipment operation for any length of time while serving only the smallest isolation area served by the system or plant.
EXCEPTIONS: | 1. Exhaust air and outdoor air connections to isolation areas where the fan system to which they connect is not greater than 5,000 cfm (2360 L/s). |
| 2. Exhaust airflow from a single isolation area of less than 10 percent of the design airflow of the exhaust system to which it connects. |
| 3. Isolation areas intended to operate continuously or intended to be inoperative only when all other isolation areas in a zone are inoperative. |
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-03-072, filed 1/19/16, effective 7/1/16)
WAC 51-11C-40322Section C403.2.2—((Equipment and systems sizing))Ventilation and exhaust.
C403.2.2 ((Equipment and system sizing. The output capacity of heating and cooling equipment shall be no greater than that of the smallest available equipment size that exceeds the loads calculated in accordance with Section C403.2.1. A single piece of equipment providing both heating and cooling shall satisfy this provision for one function with the capacity for the other function as small as possible, within available equipment options.
EXCEPTIONS: | 1. Required standby equipment and systems provided with controls and devices that allow such systems or equipment to operate automatically only when the primary equipment is not operating. |
| 2. Multiple units of the same equipment type with combined capacities exceeding the design load and provided with controls that are configured to sequence the operation of each unit based on load.)) |
Ventilation and exhaust.
C403.2.2.1 Ventilation. Ventilation, either natural or mechanical, shall be provided in accordance with Chapter 4 of the International Mechanical Code. Where mechanical ventilation is provided, the system shall be configured to provide no greater than 150 percent of the minimum outdoor air required by Chapter 4 of the International Mechanical Code or other applicable code or standard, whichever is greater.
EXCEPTIONS: | 1. The mechanical system may supply outdoor air at rates higher than the limit above when it is used for particulate or VOC dilution, economizer, night flushing, dehumidification, pressurization, exhaust make-up, or other process air delivery. Outdoor air shall be reduced to the minimum ventilation rates when not required for the preceding uses. |
| 2. Air systems supplying Group R-1, R-2 or I-2 occupancies. |
| 3. Alterations that replace less than half of the total heating and cooling capacity of the system. |
| 4. Systems with energy recovery complying with the requirements of Section C403.7.6.1 that utilize sensible only active chilled beams for space cooling without any additional zonal fan power. Active chilled beams shall be permitted to utilize the increased outdoor airflow to increase space sensible capacity and to maintain space latent cooling loads without additional controls to reduce the outdoor airflow to each zone. |
C403.2.2.2 Exhaust. Exhaust shall be provided in accordance with Chapters 4 and 5 of the International Mechanical Code. Where exhaust is provided, the system shall be configured to provide no greater than 150 percent of the minimum exhaust air required by Chapters 4 and 5 of the International Mechanical Code or other applicable code or standard, whichever is greater.
EXCEPTIONS: | 1. The mechanical system may exhaust air at rates higher than the limit above when it is used for particulate or VOC dilution, economizer, night flushing, dehumidification, pressure equalization, relief, or other process exhaust air requirements. Outdoor air and exhaust air shall be reduced to the minimum ventilation rates when not required for the preceding uses. |
| 2. Domestic range hood exhaust in Group R occupancies. |
| 3. Exhaust from Group I occupancies. |
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-03-072, filed 1/19/16, effective 7/1/16)
WAC 51-11C-40323Section C403.2.3—((HVAC equipment performance requirements))Variable flow capacity.
C403.2.3 ((HVAC equipment performance requirements. Equipment shall meet the minimum efficiency requirements of Tables C403.2.3(1), C403.2.3(2), C403.2.3(3), C403.2.3(4), C403.2.3(5), C403.2.3(6), C403.2.3(7), C403.2.3(8) and C403.2.3(9) when tested and rated in accordance with the applicable test procedure. Plate-type liquid-to-liquid heat exchangers shall meet the minimum requirements of Table C403.2.3(10). The efficiency shall be verified through certification and listed under an approved certification program or, if no certification program exists, the equipment efficiency ratings shall be supported by data furnished by the manufacturer. Where multiple rating conditions or performance requirements are provided, the equipment shall satisfy all stated requirements. Where components, such as indoor or outdoor coils, from different manufacturers are used, calculations and supporting data shall be furnished by the designer that demonstrates that the combined efficiency of the specified components meets the requirements herein.
Gas-fired and oil-fired forced air furnaces with input ratings ≥ 225,000 Btu/h (65 kW) and all unit heaters shall also have an intermittent ignition or interrupted device (IID), and have either mechanical draft (including power venting) or a flue damper. A vent damper is an acceptable alternative to a flue damper for furnaces where combustion air is drawn from the conditioned space. All furnaces with input ratings ≥ 225,000 Btu/h (65 kW), including electric furnaces, that are not located within the conditioned space shall have jacket losses not exceeding 0.75 percent of the input rating.
Chilled water plants and buildings with more than 500 tons total capacity shall not have more than 100 tons provided by air-cooled chillers.
EXCEPTIONS: | 1. Where the designer demonstrates that the water quality at the building site fails to meet manufacturer's specifications for the use of water-cooled equipment. |
| 2. Air-cooled chillers with minimum efficiencies at least 10 percent higher than those listed in Table C403.2.3(7). |
| 3. Replacement of existing equipment. |
C403.2.3.1 Water-cooled centrifugal chilling packages. Equipment not designed for operation at AHRI Standard 550/590 test conditions of 44°F (7°C) leaving chilled-water temperature and 2.4 gpm/ton evaporator fluid flow and 85°F (29°C) entering condenser water temperature with 3 gpm/ton (0.054 L/s • kW) condenser water flow shall have maximum full-load kW/ton (FL) and part-load ratings adjusted using Equations 4-7 and 4-8.
(Equation 4-7)
(Equation 4-8)
Where: | |
Kadj | = | A × B |
FL | = | Full-load kW/ton values as specified in Table C403.2.3(7) |
FLadj | = | Maximum full-load kW/ton rating, adjusted for nonstandard conditions |
IPLV | = | Value as specified in Table C403.2.3(7) |
PLVadj | = | Maximum NPLV rating, adjusted for nonstandard conditions |
A | = | 0.00000014592 × (LIFT)4 - 0.0000346496 × (LIFT)3 + 0.00314196 × (LIFT)2 - 0.147199 × LIFT + 3.9302 |
B | = | 0.0015 × LvgEvap (° F) + 0.934 |
LIFT | = | LvgCond - LvgEvap |
LvgCond | = | Full-load condenser leaving fluid temperature (°F) |
LvgEvap | = | Full-load evaporator leaving temperature (°F) |
The FLadj and PLVadj values are only applicable for centrifugal chillers meeting all of the following full-load design ranges:
1. Minimum evaporator leaving temperature: 36°F.
2. Maximum condenser leaving temperature: 115°F.
3. LIFT is not less than 20°F (11.1°C) and not greater than 80°F (44.4°C).
C403.2.3.2 Positive displacement (air- and water-cooled) chilling packages. Equipment with a leaving fluid temperature higher than 32°F (0°C) and water-cooled positive displacement chilling packages with a condenser leaving fluid temperature below 115°F (46°C) shall meet the requirements of Table C403.2.3(7) when tested or certified with water at standard rating conditions, in accordance with the referenced test procedure.
C403.2.3.3 Packaged electric heating and cooling equipment. Packaged electric equipment providing both heating and cooling with a total cooling capacity greater than 6,000 Btu/h shall be a heat pump.
EXCEPTION: | Unstaffed equipment shelters or cabinets used solely for personal wireless service facilities. |
C403.2.3.4 Humidification. If an air economizer is required on a cooling system for which humidification equipment is to be provided to maintain minimum indoor humidity levels, then the humidifier shall be of the adiabatic type (direct evaporative media or fog atomization type).
EXCEPTIONS: | 1. Health care facilities licensed by the state where chapter 246-320 or 246-330 WAC requires steam injection humidifiers in duct work downstream of final filters. |
| 2. Systems with water economizer. |
| 3. 100% outside air systems with no provisions for air recirculation to the central supply fan. |
| 4. Nonadiabatic humidifiers cumulatively serving no more than 10% of a building's air economizer capacity as measured in cfm. This refers to the system cfm serving rooms with stand alone or duct mounted humidifiers.)) |
Variable flow capacity. For fan and pump motors 7.5 hp and greater including motors in or serving custom and packaged air handlers serving variable air volume fan systems, constant volume fans, heating and cooling hydronic pumping systems, pool and service water pumping systems, domestic water pressure-booster systems, cooling tower fan, and other pump or fan motors where variable flows are required, there shall be:
1. Variable speed drives; or
2. Other controls and devices that will result in fan and pump motor demand of no more than 30 percent of design wattage at 50 percent of design air volume for fans when static pressure set point equals 1/3 the total design static pressure, and 50 percent of design water flow for pumps, based on manufacturer's certified test data. Variable inlet vanes, throttling valves (dampers), scroll dampers or bypass circuits shall not be allowed.
EXCEPTION: | Variable speed devices are not required for motors that serve: |
| 1. Fans or pumps in packaged equipment where variable speed drives are not available as a factory option from the equipment manufacturer. |
| 2. Fans or pumps that are required to operate only for emergency fire-life-safety events (e.g., stairwell pressurization fans, elevator pressurization fans, fire pumps, etc.). |
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 17-10-062, filed 5/2/17, effective 6/2/17)
WAC 51-11C-403231Table ((C403.2.3))C403.3.2(1)—Minimum efficiency requirements—Electrically operated unitary air conditioners and condensing units.
Table ((C403.2.3))C403.3.2(1)A
Minimum Efficiency Requirements—Electrically Operated Unitary Air Conditioners and Condensing Units
Equipment Type | Size Category | Heating Section Type | Subcategory or Rating Condition | Minimum Efficiency | Test ProcedureA |
Air conditioners, air cooled | < 65,000 Btu/hb | All | Split System | 13.0 SEER | AHRI 210/240 |
Single Package | 14.0 SEER |
Through-the-wall (air cooled) | ≤ 30,000 Btu/hb | All | Split system | 12.0 SEER |
Single Package | 12.0 SEER |
Small duct high velocity, air cooled | < 65,000 Btu/hb | All | Split system | 11.0 SEER |
Air conditioners, air cooled | ≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 135,000 Btu/h | Electric Resistance (or None) | Split System and Single Package | 11.2 EER 12.9 IEER | AHRI 210/240 |
All other | Split System and Single Package | 11.0 EER 12.7 IEER |
≥ 135,000 Btu/h and < 240,000 Btu/h | Electric Resistance (or None) | Split System and Single Package | 11.0 EER 12.4 IEER |
All other | Split System and Single Package | 10.8 EER 12.2 IEER |
≥ 240,000 Btu/h and < 760,000 Btu/h | Electric Resistance (or None) | Split System and Single Package | 10.0 EER 11.6 IEER |
All other | Split System and Single Package | 9.8 EER 11.4 IEER |
≥ 760,000 Btu/h | Electric Resistance (or None) | Split System and Single Package | 9.7 EER 11.2 IEER |
All other | Split System and Single Package | 9.5 EER 11.6 IEER |
Air conditioners, water cooled | < 65,000 Btu/hb | All | Split System and Single Package | 12.1 EER 12.3 IEER | AHRI 210/240 |
≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 135,000 Btu/h | Electric Resistance (or None) | Split System and Single Package | 12.1 EER 13.9 IEER | AHRI 210/240 |
All other | Split System and Single Package | 11.9 EER 13.7 IEER |
≥ 135,000 Btu/h and < 240,000 Btu/h | Electric Resistance (or None) | Split System and Single Package | 12.5 EER 13.9 IEER |
All other | Split System and Single Package | 12.3 EER 13.7 IEER |
≥ 240,000 Btu/h and < 760,000 Btu/h | Electric Resistance (or None) | Split System and Single Package | 12.4 EER 13.6 IEER |
All other | Split System and Single Package | 12.2 EER 13.4 IEER |
≥ 760,000 Btu/h | Electric Resistance (or None) | Split System and Single Package | 12.2 EER 13.5 IEER |
All other | Split System and Single Package | 12.0 EER 13.3 IEER |
Air conditioners, evaporatively cooled | < 65,000 Btu/hb | All | Split System and Single Package | 12.1 EER 12.3 IEER | AHRI 210/240 |
≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 135,000 Btu/h | Electric Resistance (or None) | Split System and Single Package | 12.1 EER 12.3 IEER | AHRI 340/360 |
All other | Split System and Single Package | 11.9 EER 12.1 IEER |
≥ 135,000 Btu/h and < 240,000 Btu/h | Electric Resistance (or None) | Split System and Single Package | 12.0 EER 12.2 IEER |
All other | Split System and Single Package | 11.8 EER 12.0 IEER |
≥ 240,000 Btu/h and < 760,000 Btu/h | Electric Resistance (or None) | Split System and Single Package | 11.9 EER 12.1 IEER |
All other | Split System and Single Package | 11.7 EER 11.9 IEER |
≥ 760,000 Btu/h | Electric Resistance (or None) | Split System and Single Package | 11.7 EER 11.9 EER |
All other | Split System and Single Package | 11.5 EER 11.7 EER |
Condensing units, air cooled | ≥ 135,000 Btu/h | | | 10.5 EER 11.8 IEER | AHRI 365 |
Condensing units, water cooled | ≥ 135,000 Btu/h | | | 13.5 EER 14.0 IEER |
Condensing units, evaporatively cooled | ≥ 135,000 Btu/h | | | 13.5 EER 14.0 IEER |
For SI: | 1 British thermal unit per hour = 0.2931 W. |
a | Chapter ((6))12 of the referenced standard contains a complete specification of the referenced test procedure, including the reference year version of the test procedure. |
b | Single-phase, air-cooled air conditioners less than 65,000 Btu/h are regulated by NAECA. SEER values are those set by NAECA. |
Table ((C403.2.3))C403.3.2(1)B
Minimum Efficiency Requirements—Electrically Operated Variable Refrigerant Flow Air Conditioners
Equipment Type | Size Category | Heating Section Type | Subcategory or Rating Condition | Minimum Efficiency | Test Procedure |
VRF Air Conditioners, Air Cooled | < 65,000 Btu/h | All | VRF Multi-Split System | 13.0 SEER | AHRI 1230 |
| ≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 135,000 Btu/h | Electric Resistance (or none) | VRF Multi-Split System | 11.2 EER ((13.1 IEER (before 1/1/2017))) 15.5 IEER (((as of 1/1/2017))) | |
| ≥ 135,000 Btu/h and < 240,000 Btu/h | Electric Resistance (or none) | VRF Multi-Split System | 11.0 EER ((12.9 IEER (before 1/1/2017))) 14.9 IEER (((as of 1/1/2017))) | |
| ≥ 240,000 Btu/h | Electric Resistance (or none) | VRF Multi-split System | 10.0 EER ((11.6 IEER (before 1/1/2017))) 13.9 IEER (((as of 1/1/2017))) | |
Table ((C403.2.3))C403.3.2(1)C
Minimum Efficiency Requirements—Electrically Operated Variable Refrigerant Flow Air-to-Air and Applied Heat Pumps
Equipment Type | Size Category | Heating Section Type | Subcategory or Rating Condition | Minimum Efficiency | Test Procedure |
VRF Air Cooled (cooling mode) | < 65,000 Btu/h | All | VRF Multi-Split System | 13.0 SEER | AHRI 1230 |
| ≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 135,000 Btu/h | Electric Resistance (or none) | VRF Multi-Split System | 11.0 EER ((12.9 IEER (before 1/1/2017))) 14.6 IEER (((as of 1/1/2017))) | |
| ≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 135,000 Btu/h | Electric Resistance (or none) | VRF Multi-Split System with Heat Recovery | 10.8 EER ((12.7 IEER (before 1/1/2017))) 14.4 IEER (((as of 1/1/2017))) | |
| ≥ 135,000 Btu/h and < 240,000 Btu/h | Electric Resistance (or none) | VRF Multi-Split System | 10.6 EER ((12.3 IEER (before 1/1/2017))) 13.9 IEER (((as of 1/1/2017))) | |
| ≥ 135,000 Btu/h and < 240,000 Btu/h | Electric Resistance (or none) | VRF Multi-Split System with Heat Recovery | 10.4 EER ((12.1 IEER (before 1/1/2017))) 13.7 IEER (((as of 1/1/2017))) | |
| ≥ 240,000 Btu/h | Electric Resistance (or none) | VRF Multi-Split System | 9.5 EER ((11.0 IEER (before 1/1/2017))) 12.7 IEER (((as of 1/1/2017))) | |
| ≥ 240,000 Btu/h | Electric Resistance (or none) | VRF Multi-Split System with Heat Recovery | 9.3 EER ((10.8 IEER (before 1/1/2017))) 12.5 IEER (((as of 1/1/2017))) | |
VRF Water Source (cooling mode) | < 65,000 Btu/h | All | VRF Multi-Split System 86ºF entering water | 12.0 EER 16.0 IEER | AHRI 1230 |
| < 65,000 Btu/h | All | VRF Multi-Split System with Heat Recovery 86ºF entering water | 11.8 EER 15.8 IEER | |
| ≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 135,000 Btu/h | All | VRF Multi-Split System 86ºF entering water | 12.0 EER 16.0 IEER | |
| ≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 135,000 Btu/h | All | VRF Multi-Split System with Heat Recovery 86ºF entering water | 11.8 EER 15.8 IEER | |
| ≥ 135,000 Btu/h and < 240,000 Btu/h | All | VRF Multi-Split System 86ºF entering water | 10.0 EER 14.0 IEER | |
| ≥ 135,000 Btu/h and < 240,000 Btu/h | All | VRF Multi-Split System with Heat Recovery 86ºF entering water | 9.8 EER 13.8 IEER | |
| ≥ 240,000 Btu/h | All | VRF Multi-Split System 86ºF entering water | 12.0 IEER | |
| ≥ 240,000 Btu/h | All | VRF Multi-Split System with Heat Recovery 86ºF entering water | 11.8 IEER | |
VRF Groundwater Source (cooling mode) | < 135,000 Btu/h | All | VRF Multi-Split System 59ºF entering water | 16.2 EER | AHRI 1230 |
< 135,000 Btu/h | All | VRF Multi-Split System with Heat Recovery 59ºF entering water | 16.0 EER | |
| ≥ 135,000 Btu/h | All | VRF Multi-Split System 59ºF entering water | 13.8 EER | |
| ≥ 135,000 Btu/h | All | VRF Multi-Split System with Heat Recovery 59ºF entering water | 13.6 EER | |
VRF Ground Source (cooling mode) | < 135,000 Btu/h | All | VRF Multi-Split System 77ºF entering water | 13.4 EER | AHRI 1230 |
| < 135,000 Btu/h | All | VRF Multi-Split System with Heat Recovery 77ºF entering water | 13.2 EER | |
| ≥ 135,000 Btu/h | All | VRF Multi-Split System 77ºF entering water | 11.0 EER | |
| ≥ 135,000 Btu/h | All | VRF Multi-Split System with Heat Recovery 77ºF entering water | 10.8 EER | |
VRF Air Cooled (heating mode) | < 65,000 Btu/h (cooling capacity) | — | VRF Multi-Split System | 7.7 HSPF | AHRI 1230 |
| ≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 135,000 Btu/h (cooling capacity) | — | VRF Multi-Split System 47ºF db/43ºF wb outdoor air 17ºF db/15ºF wb outdoor air | 3.3 COP 2.25 COP | |
| ≥ 135,000 Btu/h (cooling capacity) | — | VRF Multi-Split System 47ºF db/43ºF wb outdoor air 17ºF db/15ºF wb outdoor air | 3.2 COP 2.05 COP | |
VRF Water Source (heating mode) | < 135,000 Btu/h (cooling capacity) | — | VRF Multi-Split System 68ºF entering water | ((4.2))4.3 COP | AHRI 1230 |
| ≥ 135,000 Btu/h and < 240,000 Btu/h (cooling capacity) | — | VRF Multi-Split System 68ºF entering water | ((3.9))4.0 COP | |
| ≥ 240,000 Btu/h (cooling capacity) | — | VRF Multi-Split System 68ºF entering water | 3.9 COP | |
VRF Groundwater Source (heating mode) | < 135,000 Btu/h (cooling capacity) | — | VRF Multi-Split System 50ºF entering water | 3.6 COP | AHRI 1230 |
| ≥ 135,000 Btu/h (cooling capacity) | — | VRF Multi-Split System 50ºF entering water | 3.3 COP | |
VRF Ground Source (heating mode) | < 135,000 Btu/h (cooling capacity) | — | VRF Multi-Split System 32ºF entering water | 3.1 COP | AHRI 1230 |
| ≥ 135,000 Btu/h (cooling capacity) | — | VRF Multi-Split System 32ºF entering water | 2.8 COP | |
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-03-072, filed 1/19/16, effective 7/1/16)
WAC 51-11C-403232Table ((C403.2.3))C403.3.2(2)—Minimum efficiency requirements—Electrically operated unitary and applied heat pumps.
Table ((C403.2.3))C403.3.2(2)
Minimum Efficiency Requirements—Electrically Operated Unitary and Applied Heat Pumps
Equipment Type | Size Category | Heating Section Type | Subcategory or Rating Condition | Minimum Efficiency | Test Procedurea |
Air cooled (cooling mode) | < 65,000 Btu/hb | All | Split System | 14.0 SEER | AHRI 210/240 |
| | | Single Packaged | 14.0 SEER | |
Through-the-wall, air cooled (cooling mode) | ≤ 30,000 Btu/hb | All | Split System | 12.0 SEER | |
| | | Single Packaged | 12.0 SEER | |
Small duct high velocity, air cooled | < 65,000 Btu/hb | All | Split System | 11.0 SEER | |
Air cooled (cooling mode) | ≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 135,000 Btu/h | Electric Resistance (or None) | Split System and Single Package | 11.0 EER 12.2 IEER | AHRI 340/360 |
| | All Other | Split System and Single Package | 10.8 EER 12.0 IEER | |
| ≥ 135,000 Btu/h and < 240,000 Btu/h | Electric Resistance (or None) | Split System and Single Package | 10.6 EER 11.6 IEER | |
| | All Other | Split System and Single Package | 10.4 EER 11.4 IEER | |
| ≥ 240,000 Btu/h | Electric Resistance (or None) | Split System and Single Package | 9.5 EER 10.6 IEER | |
| | All Other | Split System and Single Package | 9.3 EER 10.4 IEER | |
Water ((source))to air, water loop (cooling mode) | < 17,000 Btu/h | All | 86°F entering water | 12.2 EER | ISO 13256-1 |
| ≥ 17,000 Btu/h and < 65,000 Btu/h | All | 86°F entering water | 13.0 EER | |
| ≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 135,000 Btu/h | All | 86°F entering water | 13.0 EER | |
Water to air, ground water ((source)) (cooling mode) | < 135,000 Btu/h | All | 59°F entering water | 18.0 EER | |
((Ground water source))Brine to air, ground loop (cooling mode) | < 135,000 Btu/h | All | 77°F entering water | 14.1 EER | |
((Water-source))Water to water, water loop (cooling mode) | < 135,000 Btu/h | All | 86°F entering water | 10.6 EER | ISO 13256-2 |
Water to water, ground water (cooling mode) | < 135,000 Btu/h | All | 59°F entering water | 16.3 EER | |
((Ground water source))Brine to water, ground loop (cooling mode) | < 135,000 Btu/h | All | 77°F entering fluid | 12.1 EER | |
Air cooled (heating mode) | < 65,000 Btu/hb | — | Split System | 8.2 HSPF | AHRI 210/240 |
| | — | Single Package | 8.0 HSPF | |
Through-the-wall, (air cooled, heating mode) | ≤ 30,000 Btu/hb (cooling capacity) | — | Split System | 7.4 HSPF | |
| | — | Single Package | 7.4 HSPF | |
Small-duct high velocity (air cooled, heating mode) | < 65,000 Btu/hb | — | Split System | 6.8 HSPF | |
Air cooled (heating mode) | ≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 135,000 Btu/h (cooling capacity) | — | 47°F db/43ºF wb Outdoor Air | 3.3 COP | AHRI 340/360 |
| | | 17ºF db/15ºF wb Outdoor Air | 2.25 COP | |
| ≥ 135,000 Btu/h (cooling capacity) | — | 47°F db/43ºF wb Outdoor Air | 3.2 COP | |
| | | 17ºF db/15ºF wb Outdoor Air | 2.05 COP | |
Water ((source))to air, water loop (heating mode) | < 135,000 Btu/h (cooling capacity) | — | 68°F entering water | 4.3 COP | ISO 13256-1 |
Water to air, ground water ((source)) (heating mode) | < 135,000 Btu/h (cooling capacity) | — | 50°F entering water | 3.7 COP | |
((Ground source))Brine to air, ground loop (heating mode) | < 135,000 Btu/h (cooling capacity) | — | 32°F entering fluid | 3.2 COP | |
((Water-source))Water to water, water loop (heating mode) | < 135,000 Btu/h (cooling capacity) | — | 68°F entering water | 3.7 COP | ISO 13256-2 |
| | — | 50°F entering water | 3.1 COP | |
((Ground source))Brine to water, ground loop (heating mode) | < 135,000 Btu/h (cooling capacity) | — | 32°F entering fluid | 2.5 COP | |
For SI: | 1 British thermal unit per hour = 0.2931 W, °C = [(°F) - 32]/1.8. |
a | Chapter ((6))12 of the referenced standard contains a complete specification of the referenced test procedure, including the reference year version of the test procedure. |
b | Single-phase, air-cooled air conditioners less than 65,000 Btu/h are regulated by NAECA. SEER values are those set by NAECA. |
Reviser's note: The brackets and enclosed material in the text of the above section occurred in the copy filed by the agency and appear in the Register pursuant to the requirements of RCW
34.08.040.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-03-072, filed 1/19/16, effective 7/1/16)
WAC 51-11C-403233Table ((C403.2.3))C403.3.2(3)—Minimum efficiency requirements—Electrically operated PTAC, PTHP, SPVAC, SPVHP, room air conditioners.
Table ((C403.2.3))C403.3.2(3)
Minimum Efficiency Requirements—Electrically Operated Packaged Terminal Air Conditioners, Packaged Terminal Heat Pumps, Single-Package Vertical Air Conditioners, Single-Package Vertical Heat Pumps, Room Air Conditioners and Room Air-Conditioner Heat Pumps
| | | Minimum Efficiency | |
Equipment Type | Size Category (Input) | Subcategory or Rating Condition | | | Test Procedurea |
PTAC (cooling mode) new construction | All Capacities | 95°F db outdoor air | | 14.0 - (0.300 × Cap/1000) EER | AHRI 310/380 |
PTAC (cooling mode) replacementsb | All Capacities | 95°F db outdoor air | | 10.9 - (0.213 × Cap/1000) EER | |
PTHP (cooling mode) new construction | All Capacities | 95°F db outdoor air | | 14.0 - (0.300 × Cap/1000) EER | |
PTHP (cooling mode) replacementsb | All Capacities | 95°F db outdoor air | | 10.8 - (0.213 × Cap/1000) EER | |
PTHP (heating mode) new construction | All Capacities | — | | 3.7 - (0.052 × Cap/1000) COP | |
PTHP (heating mode) replacementsb | All Capacities | — | | 2.9 - (0.026 × Cap/1000) COP | |
SPVAC (cooling mode) | < 65,000 Btu/h | 95°F db/75°F wb outdoor air | | ((10.0))11.0 EER | AHRI 390 |
| ≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 135,000 Btu/h | 95°F db/75°F wb outdoor air | | ((10.0))11.0 EER | |
| ≥ 135,000 Btu/h and < 240,000 Btu/h | 95°F db/75°F wb outdoor air | | ((10.0))11.0 EER | |
SPVHP (cooling mode) | < 65,000 Btu/h | 95°F db/75°F wb outdoor air | | ((10.0))11.0 EER | |
| ≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 135,000 Btu/h | 95°F db/75°F wb outdoor air | | ((10.0))11.0 EER | |
| ≥ 135,000 Btu/h and < 240,000 Btu/h | 95°F db/75°F wb outdoor air | | ((10.0))11.0 EER | |
SPVHP (heating mode) | <65,000 Btu/h | 47°F db/43°F wb outdoor air | | ((3.0))3.3 COP | AHRI 390 |
| ≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 135,000 Btu/h | 47°F db/43°F wb outdoor air | | ((3.0))3.3 COP | |
| ≥ 135,000 Btu/h and < 240,000 Btu/h | 47°F db/43°F wb outdoor air | | ((3.0))3.3 COP | |
Room air conditioners, with louvered sides | < 6,000 Btu/h | — | | ((9.7 SEER)) 11.0 CEER | ANSI/AHA-MRAC-1 |
| ≥ 6,000 Btu/h and < 8,000 Btu/h | — | | ((9.7 SEER)) 11.0 CEER | |
| ≥ 8,000 Btu/h and < 14,000 Btu/h | — | | ((9.8 EER)) 10.9 CEER | |
| ≥ 14,000 Btu/h and < 20,000 Btu/h | — | | ((9.7 SEER)) 10.7 CEER | |
| ≥ 20,000 Btu/h and < 25,000 Btu/h | — | | 9.4 CEER | |
| ≥ ((20,000))25,000 Btu/h | — | | ((8.5 EER)) 9.0 CEER | |
Room air conditioners, without louvered sides | ((< 8,000 Btu/h)) < 6,000 Btu/h | — | | ((9.0 EER)) 10.0 CEER | |
| ≥ 6,000 Btu/h and < 8,000 Btu/h | — | | 10.0 CEER | |
| ≥ 8,000 Btu/h and < 11,000 Btu/h | — | | 9.6 CEER | |
| ≥ ((8,000))11,000 Btu/h and < ((20,000))14,000 Btu/h | — | | ((8.5 EER)) 9.5 CEER | |
| ≥ 14,000 Btu/h and < 20,000 Btu/h | — | | 9.3 CEER | |
| ≥ 20,000 Btu/h | — | | ((8.5 EER)) 9.4 CEER | |
Room air-conditioner heat pumps with louvered sides | < 20,000 Btu/h | — | | ((9.0 EER)) 9.8 CEER | |
| ≥ 20,000 Btu/h | — | | ((8.5 EER)) 9.3 CEER | |
Room air-conditioner heat pumps without louvered sides | < 14,000 Btu/h | — | | ((8.5 EER)) 9.3 CEER | |
| ≥ 14,000 Btu/h | — | | ((8.0 EER)) 8.7 CEER | |
Room air conditioner casement only | All capacities | — | | ((8.7 EER)) 9.5 CEER | |
Room air conditioner casement-slider | All capacities | — | | ((9.5 EER)) 10.4 CEER | |
For SI: | 1 British thermal unit per hour = 0.2931 W, °C = [(°F) - 32]/1.8. |
| "Cap" = The rated cooling capacity of the product in Btu/h. If the unit's capacity is less than 7000 Btu/h, use 7000 Btu/h in the calculation. If the unit's capacity is greater than 15,000 Btu/h, use 15,000 Btu/h in the calculations. |
a | Chapter ((6))12 of the referenced standard contains a complete specification of the referenced test procedure, including the referenced year version of the test procedure. |
b | Replacement unit shall be factory labeled as follows: "manufactured for nonstandard size applications only; not to be installed in new standard projects" or "manufactured for replacement applications only: not to be installed in new construction projects." Replacement efficiencies apply only to units with existing sleeves less than 16 inches (406 mm) in height and less than 42 inches (1067 mm) in width. |
Reviser's note: The brackets and enclosed material in the text of the above section occurred in the copy filed by the agency and appear in the Register pursuant to the requirements of RCW
34.08.040.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 13-04-056, filed 2/1/13, effective 7/1/13)
WAC 51-11C-403234Table ((C403.2.3))C403.3.2(4)—Minimum efficiency requirements—Warm air furnaces and unit heaters.
Table ((403.2.3))403.3.2(4)
Warm Air Furnaces and Combination Warm Air Furnaces/Air-Conditioning Units, Warm Air Duct Furnaces and Unit Heaters, Minimum Efficiency Requirements
Equipment Type | Size Category (Input) | Subcategory or Rating Condition | Minimum Efficiencyd, e | Test Procedurea |
Warm air furnaces, gas fired | < 225,000 Btu/h | — | ((78))80% AFUE or 80% Etc | DOE 10 C.F.R. Part 430 or ANSI Z21.47 |
| ≥ 225,000 Btu/h | Maximum capacityc | 80% Etf | ANSI Z21.47 |
Warm air furnaces, oil fired | < 225,000 Btu/h | — | ((78))83% AFUE or 80% Etc | DOE 10 C.F.R. Part 430 or UL 727 |
| ≥ 225,000 Btu/h | Maximum capacityb | 81% Etg | UL 727 |
Warm air duct furnaces, gas fired | All capacities | Maximum capacityb | 80% Ec | ANSI Z83.8 |
Warm air unit heaters, gas fired | All capacities | Maximum capacityb | 80% Ec | ANSI Z83.8 |
Warm air unit heaters, oil fired | All capacities | Maximum capacityb | 80% Ec | UL 731 |
For SI: | 1 British thermal unit per hour = 0.2931 W. |
a | Chapter ((6))12 of the referenced standard contains a complete specification of the referenced test procedure, including the referenced year version of the test procedure. |
b | Minimum and maximum ratings as provided for and allowed by the unit's controls. |
c | Combination units not covered by the National Appliance Energy Conservation Act of 1987 (NAECA) (3-phase power or cooling capacity greater than or equal to 65,000 Btu/h [19 kW]) shall comply with either rating. |
| dEt | = | Thermal efficiency. See test procedure for detailed discussion. |
| eEc | = | Combustion efficiency (100% less flue losses). See test procedure for detailed discussion. |
| fEc | = | Combustion efficiency. Units must also include an IID, have jackets not exceeding 0.75 percent of the input rating, and have either power venting or a flue damper. A vent damper is an acceptable alternative to a flue damper for those furnaces where combustion air is drawn from the conditioned space. |
| gEt | = | Thermal efficiency. Units must also include an IID, have jacket losses not exceeding 0.75 percent of the input rating, and have either power venting or a flue damper. A vent damper is an acceptable alternative to a flue damper for those furnaces where combustion air is drawn from the conditioned space. |
Reviser's note: The brackets and enclosed material in the text of the above section occurred in the copy filed by the agency and appear in the Register pursuant to the requirements of RCW
34.08.040.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-03-072, filed 1/19/16, effective 7/1/16)
WAC 51-11C-403235Table ((C403.2.3))C403.3.2(5)—Minimum efficiency requirements—Gas- and oil-fired boilers.
Table ((C403.2.3))C403.3.2(5)
Minimum Efficiency Requirements—Gas- and Oil-Fired Boilers
Equipment Typea | Subcategory or Rating Condition | Size Category (Input) | Minimum Efficiency | Test Procedure |
Boilers, hot water | Gas-fired | < 300,000 Btu/hd,e | 82% AFUE | 10 C.F.R. Part 430 |
| | ≥ 300,000 Btu/h and ≤ 2,500,000 Btu/hb | 80% Et | 10 C.F.R. Part 431 |
| | ˃ 2,500,000 Btu/ha | 82% Ec | |
| Oil-firedc | < 300,000 Btu/he | 84% AFUE | 10 C.F.R. Part 430 |
| | ≥ 300,000 Btu/h and ≤ 2,500,000 Btu/hb | 82% Et | 10 C.F.R. Part 431 |
| | ˃ 2,500,000 Btu/ha | 84% Ec | |
Boilers, steam | Gas-fired | < 300,000 Btu/hd | 80% AFUE | 10 C.F.R. Part 430 |
| Gas-fired - All, except natural draft | ≥ 300,000 Btu/h and ≤ 2,500,000 Btu/hb | 79% Et | 10 C.F.R. Part 431 |
| | ˃ 2,500,000 Btu/ha | 79% Et | |
| Gas-fired-natural draft | ≥ 300,000 Btu/h and ≤ 2,500,000 Btu/hb | ((77))79% Et | |
| | ˃ 2,500,000 Btu/ha | ((77))79% Et | |
| Oil-firedc | < 300,000 Btu/h | 82% AFUE | 10 C.F.R. Part 430 |
| | ≥ 300,000 Btu/h and ≤ 2,500,000 Btu/hb | 81% Et | 10 C.F.R. Part 431 |
| | ˃ 2,500,000 Btu/ha | 81% Et | |
For SI: | 1 British thermal unit per hour = 0.2931 W. |
| | | |
| Ec | = | Combustion efficiency (100 percent less flue losses). |
| Et | = | Thermal efficiency. See referenced standard document for detailed information. |
| | | |
a | These requirements apply to boilers with rated input of 8,000,000 Btu/h or less that are not packaged boilers and to all packaged boilers. Minimum efficiency requirements for boilers cover all capacities of packaged boilers. |
b | Maximum capacity minimum and maximum ratings as provided for and allowed by the unit's controls. |
c | Includes oil-fired (residual). |
d | Boilers shall not be equipped with a constant burning ignition pilot. |
e | A boiler not equipped with a tankless domestic water heating coil shall be equipped with an automatic means for adjusting the temperature of the water such that an incremental change in inferred heat load produces a corresponding incremental change in the temperature of the water supplied. |
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 13-04-056, filed 2/1/13, effective 7/1/13)
WAC 51-11C-403236Table ((C403.2.3))C403.3.2(6)—Reserved.
Table ((C403.2.3))C403.3.2(6)
Reserved
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-03-072, filed 1/19/16, effective 7/1/16)
WAC 51-11C-403237Table ((C403.2.3))C403.3.2(7)—Minimum efficiency requirements—Water chilling packages.
Table ((C403.2.3))C403.3.2(7)
Minimum Efficiency Requirements—Water Chilling Packagesa
Equipment Type | Size Category | Units | ((As of 1/1/2015b)) | Test Procedurec |
Path A | Path B |
Full Load | IPLV | Full Load | IPLV |
Air-cooled chillers | < 150 tons | EER | ≥ 10.100 | ≥ 13.700 | ≥ 9.700 | ≥ 15.800 | |
≥ 150 tons | EER | ≥ 10.100 | ≥ 14.000 | ≥ 9.700 | ≥ 16.100 | |
Air cooled without condenser, electrically operated | All capacities | EER | Air-cooled chillers without condensers shall be rated with matching condensers and comply with the air-cooled chiller efficiency requirements | |
((Water cooled, electrically operated, reciprocating | All capacities | kW/ton | Reciprocating units shall comply with water cooled positive displacement efficiency requirements)) | |
Water cooled, electrically operated, positive displacement | < 75 tons | kW/ton | ≤ 0.750 | ≤ 0.600 | ≤ 0.780 | ≤ 0.500 | |
≥ 75 tons and < 150 tons | kW/ton | ≤ 0.720 | ≤ 0.560 | ≤ 0.750 | ≤ 0.490 | AHRI 550/590 |
≥ 150 tons and < 300 tons | kW/ton | ≤ 0.660 | ≤ 0.540 | ≤ 0.680 | ≤ 0.440 | |
≥ 300 tons and < 600 tons | kW/ton | ≤ 0.610 | ≤ 0.520 | ≤ 0.625 | ≤ 0.410 | |
| ≥ 600 tons | kW/ton | ≤ 0.560 | ≤ 0.500 | ≤ 0.585 | ≤ 0.380 | |
Water cooled, electrically operated, centrifugal | < 150 tons | kW/ton | ≤ 0.610 | ≤ 0.550 | ≤ 0.695 | ≤ 0.440 | |
≥ 150 tons and < 300 tons | kW/ton | ≤ 0.610 | ≤ 0.550 | ≤ 0.695 | ≤ 0.400 | |
≥ 300 tons and < 400 tons | kW/ton | ≤ 0.560 | ≤ 0.520 | ≤ 0.595 | ≤ 0.390 | |
≥ 400 tons | kW/ton | ≤ 0.560 | ≤ 0.500 | ≤ 0.585 | ≤ 0.380 | |
Air cooled, absorption single effect | All capacities | COP | ≥ 0.600 | NR | NA | NA | |
Water cooled, absorption single effect | All capacities | COP | ≥ 0.700 | NR | NA | NA | AHRI 560 |
Absorption double effect, indirect fired | All capacities | COP | ≥ 1.000 | ≥ 1.050 | NA | NA |
Absorption double effect, direct fired | All capacities | COP | ≥ 1.000 | ≥ 1.000 | NA | NA | |
For SI: | 1 ton = 3517 W, 1 British thermal unit per hour = 0.2931 W, °C = [(°F) - 32]/1.8. |
| NA = Not applicable, not to be used for compliance; |
a | The centrifugal chiller equipment requirements, after adjustment in accordance with Section ((C403.2.3.1))C403.3.2.2 or Section ((C403.2.3.2))C403.3.2.3, do not apply to chillers used in low-temperature applications where the design leaving fluid temperature is less than 36ºF. The requirements do not apply to positive displacement chillers with leaving fluid temperatures less than or equal to 32ºF. The requirements do not apply to absorption chillers with design leaving fluid temperatures less than 40ºF. |
b | Compliance with this standard can be obtained by meeting the minimum requirements of Path A or B. However, both the full load and IPLV shall be met to fulfill the requirements of Path A or B. |
c | Chapter ((6))12 of the referenced standard contains a complete specification of the referenced test procedure, including the referenced year version of the test procedure. |
Reviser's note: The brackets and enclosed material in the text of the above section occurred in the copy filed by the agency and appear in the Register pursuant to the requirements of RCW
34.08.040.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 17-10-062, filed 5/2/17, effective 6/2/17)
WAC 51-11C-403238Table ((C403.2.3))C403.3.2(8)—Minimum efficiency requirements—Heat rejection equipment.
Table ((C403.2.3))C403.3.2(8)
Minimum Efficiency Requirements—Heat Rejection Equipment
Equipment Typea | Total System Heat Rejection Capacity at Rated Conditions | Subcategory or Rating Condition | Performance Requiredb,c,d,g,h | Test Proceduree,f |
Propeller or axial fan open circuit cooling towers | All | 95°F Entering Water 85°F Leaving Water 75°F Entering wb | ≥ ((38.2))40.2 gpm/hp | CTI ATC-105 and CTI STD-201 RS |
Centrifugal fan open circuit cooling towers | All | 95°F Entering Water 85°F Leaving Water 75°F Entering wb | ≥ 20.0 gpm/hp | CTI ATC-105 and CTI STD-201 RS |
Propeller or axial fan closed circuit cooling towers | All | 102°F Entering Water 90°F Leaving Water 75°F Entering wb | ≥ ((14.0))16.1 gpm/hp | CTI ATC-105S and CTI STD-201 RS |
Centrifugal closed circuit cooling towers | All | 102°F Entering Water 90°F Leaving Water 75°F Entering wb | ≥ 7.0 gpm/hp | CTI ATC-105S and CTI STD-201 RS |
Propeller or axial fan evaporative condensers | All | R-507A Test Fluid 165°F Entering Gas Temperature 105°F Condensing Temperature 75°F Entering wb | ≥ 157,000 Btu/h • hp | CTI ATC-106 |
Propeller or axial fan evaporative condensers | All | Ammonia Test Fluid 140°F Entering Gas Temperature 96.3°F Condensing Temperature 75°F Entering wb | ≥ 134,000 Btu/h • hp | CTI ATC-106 |
Centrifugal fan evaporative condensers | All | R-507A Test Fluid 165°F Entering Gas Temperature 105°F Condensing Temperature 75°F Entering wb | ≥ 135,000 Btu/h • hp | CTI ATC-106 |
Centrifugal fan evaporative condensers | All | Ammonia Test Fluid 140°F Entering Gas Temperature 96.3°F Condensing Temperature 75°F Entering wb | ≥ 110,000 Btu/h • hp | CTI ATC-106 |
Air cooled condensers | All | 125°F Condensing Temperature R-22 Test Fluid 190°F Entering Gas Temperature 15°F Subcooling 95°F Entering db | ≥ 176,000 Btu/h • hp | AHRI 460 |
For SI: | °C = [(°F) - 32]/1.8, L/s • kW = (gpm/hp)/(11.83), COP = (Btu/h • hp)/(2550.7). |
| db = dry-bulb temperature, °F; |
| wb = wet-bulb temperature, °F. |
a | The efficiencies and test procedures for both open and closed circuit cooling towers are not applicable to hybrid cooling towers that contain a combination of wet and dry heat exchange sections. |
((a))b | For purposes of this table, open circuit cooling tower performance is defined as the water flow rating of the tower at the thermal rating condition ((listed in Table 403.2.3(8))) divided by the fan nameplate rated motor power. |
c | For purposes of this table, closed circuit cooling tower performance is defined as the water flow rating of the tower at the thermal rating condition ((listed in Table 403.2.3(8))) divided by the sum of the fan nameplate rated motor power and the spray pump nameplate rated motor power. |
d | For purposes of this table, air cooled condenser performance is defined as the heat rejected from the refrigerant divided by the fan nameplate rated motor power. |
e | Chapter ((6))12 of the referenced standard contains a complete specification of the referenced test procedure, including the referenced year version of the test procedure. |
f | Where a certification program exists for a covered product, and it includes provisions for verification and challenge of equipment efficiency ratings, then the product shall be listed in the certification program, or, where a certification program exists for a covered product, and it includes provisions for verification and challenge of equipment efficiency ratings, but the product is not listed in the existing certification program, the ratings shall be verified by an independent laboratory test report. |
g | Cooling towers shall comply with the minimum efficiency listed in the table for that specific type of tower with the capacity effect of any project-specific accessories and/or options included in the capacity of the cooling tower. |
h | For purposes of this table, evaporative condenser performance is defined as the heat rejected at the specified rating condition in the table, divided by the sum of the fan motor nameplate power and the integral spray pump nameplate power. |
i | Requirements for evaporative condensers are listed with ammonia (R-717) and R-507A as test fluids in this table. Evaporative condensers intended for use with halocarbon refrigerants other than R-507A must meet the minimum efficiency requirements listed above with R-507A as the test fluid. |
Reviser's note: The brackets and enclosed material in the text of the above section occurred in the copy filed by the agency and appear in the Register pursuant to the requirements of RCW
34.08.040.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-03-072, filed 1/19/16, effective 7/1/16)
WAC 51-11C-403239Table ((C403.2.3))C403.3.2(9) and Table ((C403.2.3))C403.3.2(10)—Minimum efficiency requirements.
Table ((C403.2.3))C403.3.2(9)
Minimum Efficiency Requirements—Air Conditioners and Condensing Units Serving Computer Rooms
((Equipment Type | Net Sensible Cooling Capacitya | Minimum SCOP-127b Efficiency Downflow units/Upflow units | Test Procedure |
Air conditioners, air cooled | < 65,000 Btu/h (< 19 kW) | 2.20/2.09 | ANSI/ASHRAE 127 |
≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 240,000 Btu/h ( 19 kW and < 70 kW) | 2.10/1.99 |
≥ 240,000 Btu/h (≥ 70 kW) | 1.90/1.79 |
Air conditioners, water cooled | < 65,000 Btu/h (< 19 kW) | 2.60/2.49 | ANSI/ASHRAE 127 |
≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 240,000 Btu/h (≥ 19 kW and < 70 kW) | 2.50/2.39 |
≥ 240,000 Btu/h (≥ 70 kW) | 2.40/2.29 |
Air conditioners, water cooled with fluid economizer | < 65,000 Btu/h (< 19 kW) | 2.55/2.44 | ANSI/ASHRAE 127 |
≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 240,000 Btu/h (≥ 19kW and < 70 kW) | 2.45/2.34 |
≥ 240,000 Btu/h (≥ 70 kW) | 2.35/2.24 |
Air conditioners, glycol cooled (rated at 40% propylene glycol) | < 65,000 Btu/h (< 19 kW) | 2.50/2.39 | ANSI/ASHRAE 127 |
≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 240,000 Btu/h (≥ 19 kW and < 70 kW) | 2.15/2.04 |
≥ 240,000 Btu/h (≥ 70 kW) | 2.10/1.99 |
Air conditioners, glycol cooled (rated at 40% propylene glycol) with fluid economizer | < 65,000 Btu/h (< 19 kW) | 2.45/2.34 | ANSI/ASHRAE 127 |
≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 240,000 Btu/h (≥ 19 kW and < 70 kW) | 2.10/1.99 |
≥ 240,000 Btu/h (≥ 70 kW) | 2.05/1.94 |
a | Net sensible cooling capacity: The total gross cooling capacity less the latent cooling less the energy to the air movement system. (Total Gross – Latent – Fan Power.) |
b | Sensible coefficient of performance (SCOP-127): A ratio calculated by dividing the net sensible cooling capacity in watts by the total power input in watts (excluding reheaters and humidifiers) at conditions defined in ASHRAE Standard 127. The net sensible cooling capacity is the gross sensible capacity minus the energy dissipated into the cooled space by the fan system.)) |
Equipment Type | Net Sensible Cooling Capacity | Standard Model | Minimum Net Sensible COPc | Test Procedure |
Return Air Dry-Bulb Temperature/Dew-Point Temperature |
Class 1 | Class 2 | Class 3 |
75°F/52°F | 85°F/52°F | 95°F/52°F |
Air cooled | < 65,000 Btu/h | Downflow unit | | 2.30 | | AHRI 1360 |
Upflow unit - Ducted | | 2.10 | |
Upflow unit - Unducted | 2.09 | | |
Horizontal-flow unit | | | 2.45 |
≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 240,000 Btu/h | Downflow unit | | 2.20 | |
Upflow unit - Ducted | | 2.05 | |
Upflow unit - Unducted | 1.99 | | |
Horizontal-flow unit | | | 2.35 |
≥ 240,000 Btu/h | Downflow unit | | 2.00 | |
Upflow unit - Ducted | | 1.85 | |
Upflow unit - Unducted | 1.79 | | |
Horizontal-flow unit | | | 2.15 |
Water cooled | < 65,000 Btu/h | Downflow unit | | 2.50 | | AHRI 1360 |
Upflow unit - Ducted | | 2.30 | |
Upflow unit - Unducted | 2.25 | | |
Horizontal-flow unit | | | 2.70 |
≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 240,000 Btu/h | Downflow unit | | 2.40 | |
Upflow unit - Ducted | | 2.20 | |
Upflow unit - Unducted | 2.15 | | |
Horizontal-flow unit | | | 2.60 |
≥ 240,000 Btu/h | Downflow unit | | 2.25 | |
Upflow unit - Ducted | | 2.10 | |
Upflow unit - Unducted | 2.05 | | |
Horizontal-flow unit | | | 2.45 |
Water cooled with fluid economizer | < 65,000 Btu/h | Downflow unit | | 2.45 | | AHRI 1360 |
Upflow unit - Ducted | | 2.25 | |
Upflow unit - Unducted | 2.20 | | |
Horizontal-flow unit | | | 2.60 |
≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 240,000 Btu/h | Downflow unit | | 2.35 | |
Upflow unit - Ducted | | 2.15 | |
Upflow unit - Unducted | 2.10 | | |
Horizontal-flow unit | | | 2.55 |
≥ 240,000 Btu/h | Downflow unit | | 2.20 | |
Upflow unit - Ducted | | 2.05 | |
Upflow unit - Unducted | 2.00 | | |
Horizontal-flow unit | | | 2.40 |
Glycol cooled | < 65,000 Btu/h | Downflow unit | | 2.30 | | AHRI 1360 |
Upflow unit - Ducted | | 2.10 | |
Upflow unit - Unducted | 2.00 | | |
Horizontal-flow unit | | | 2.40 |
≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 240,000 Btu/h | Downflow unit | | 2.05 | |
Upflow unit - Ducted | | 1.85 | |
Upflow unit - Unducted | 1.85 | | |
Horizontal-flow unit | | | 2.15 |
≥ 240,000 Btu/h | Downflow unit | | 1.95 | |
Upflow unit - Ducted | | 1.80 | |
Upflow unit - Unducted | 1.75 | | |
Horizontal-flow unit | | | 2.10 |
Glycol cooled with fluid economizer | < 65,000 Btu/h | Downflow unit | | 2.25 | | AHRI 1360 |
Upflow unit - Ducted | | 2.10 | |
Upflow unit - Unducted | 2.00 | | |
Horizontal-flow unit | | | 2.35 |
≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 240,000 Btu/h | Downflow unit | | 1.95 | |
Upflow unit - Ducted | | 1.80 | |
Upflow unit - Unducted | 1.75 | | |
Horizontal-flow unit | | | 2.10 |
≥ 240,000 Btu/h | Downflow unit | | 1.90 | |
Upflow unit - Ducted | | 1.80 | |
Upflow unit - Unducted | 1.70 | | |
Horizontal-flow unit | | | 2.10 |
Table ((C403.2.3))C403.3.2(10)
Minimum Efficiency Requirements—Heat Transfer Equipment
Equipment Type | Subcategory | Minimum Efficiency | Test Procedurea |
Liquid-to-liquid heat exchangers | Plate type |
