LABOR AND INDUSTRIES

[Filed January 21, 2020, 11:17 a.m., effective February 21, 2020]

Effective Date of Rule: Thirty-one days after filing.

Purpose: Change Log Phase 5 - the purpose of this rule making is to adopt the outstanding housekeeping issues that are on the department of labor and industries, division of occupational safety and health's (DOSH) change log. No requirements are being affected during this rule making; changes are only for clarification purposes. Please see below for the amendments being proposed:

WAC 296-304-02007 Hot work.


•	Updated reference in subsection (2)(a)(iv) from (1)(a)(i) to (1)(a)(iv) to be consistent with what is referenced in the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's rule.

WAC 296-800-16055 Make sure your employees use appropriate head protection.


•	Updated language in subsection (4)(b) regarding flammable liquids. The sentence previously stated "… category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint between 100°F (37.8°C)…)["]; to be consistent with language in chapter 296-24 WAC, we updated "between" to "below."

WAC 296-800-240 Summary.


•	Updated broken link at the bottom of this section from http://www.secondhandsmokesyou.com to https://www.doh.wa.gov/youandyourfamily/tobacco/lawsregulations.

WAC 296-800-27010 Make sure that floors are safe.


•	Updated language in the Note under subsection (4) for clarity and grammatical purposes. The Note now reads: "This rule applies to all buildings that were built or those that have had complete or major changes or repairs builtdone after 5/7/74."

WAC 296-806-47004 Safeguard nip points of roll-forming and bending machines.


•	Updated language in subsection (2) for clarity purposes. There were erroneous brackets around the word "use" that were removed, as well as the phrase "must be used" in the middle of the sentence that was extra and wasn't removed during previous rule making.

WAC 296-811-099 Definitions.


•	Updated the definition of Self-contained breathing apparatus to match the definition that is used in chapter 296-841 WAC, Airborne contaminants, for consistency purposes.

WAC 296-824-50030 Provide rescue and medical assistance.


•	Updated the Note at the end of the section for clarification purposes. In the first subsection of the Note, there is a reference to "… the eighteen subjects listed …," in regards to first-aid in WAC 296-800-150, but those eighteen subjects are no longer listed in the language. The reference to those eighteen subjects was removed and the sentence was updated to say: "This rule requires training on basic first aid and any subjects that are specific to your workplace emergency hazards."

WAC 296-835-11010 Provide proper ventilation for the vapor area.


•	Updated the reference to the air contaminants chapter from chapter 296-62 WAC to chapter 296-841 WAC in the Reference section under subsection (5).

WAC 296-863-099 Definitions.


•	Updated incorrect reference in the definition of Flashpoint. WAC 296-901-14024 Appendix B—Physical hazard criteria, was incorrectly referenced as "WAC 296-91-14024."

WAC 296-863-30035 Make sure battery charging areas are safe.

Citation of Rules Affected by this Order: Amending WAC 296-304-02007, 296-800-16055, 296-800-240, 296-800-27010, 296-806-47004, 296-811-099, 296-824-50030, 296-835-11010, 296-863-099, and 296-863-30035.


•	In subsection (1)(c), updated "fumes" to "vapors." The reason for the language change is that "fume" in the industrial hygiene profession refers to metal gases condensing back into a particulate like during welding. This is a more technical term for what would be evolved from the batteries but it also helps identify what respirator cartridge would be used if needed since you use a high-efficiency particulate air cartridge for fume and an acid gas charcoal filter for acid mist.

Statutory Authority for Adoption: RCW 49.17.010, 49.17.040, 49.17.050, 49.17.060.

Adopted under notice filed as WSR 19-21-152 on October 22, 2019.

Number of Sections Adopted in Order to Comply with Federal Statute: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0; Federal Rules or Standards: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0; or Recently Enacted State Statutes: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0.

Number of Sections Adopted at the Request of a Nongovernmental Entity: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0.

Number of Sections Adopted on the Agency's own Initiative: New 0, Amended 10, Repealed 0.

Number of Sections Adopted in Order to Clarify, Streamline, or Reform Agency Procedures: New 0, Amended 10, Repealed 0.

Number of Sections Adopted using Negotiated Rule Making: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0; Pilot Rule Making: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0; or Other Alternative Rule Making: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0.

Date Adopted: January 21, 2020.

AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 17-18-075, filed 9/5/17, effective 10/6/17)

WAC 296-304-02007Hot work.

(1) Hot work requiring testing by a marine chemist or Coast Guard authorized person.

(a) You must ensure that hot work is not performed in or on any of the following confined and enclosed spaces and other dangerous atmospheres, boundaries of spaces or pipelines until the work area has been tested and certified by a marine chemist or a U.S. Coast Guard authorized person as "safe for hot work":

(i) Within, on, or immediately adjacent to spaces that contain or have contained combustible or flammable liquids or gases.

(ii) Within, on, or immediately adjacent to fuel tanks that contain or have last contained fuel; and

(iii) On pipelines, heating coils, pump fittings or other accessories connected to spaces that contain or have last contained fuel.

(iv) Exception: On dry cargo, miscellaneous and passenger vessels and in the landside operations within spaces which meet the standards for oxygen, flammability and toxicity in WAC 296-304-02003, but are adjacent to spaces containing flammable gases or liquids, as long as the gases or liquids with a flash point below 150 deg. F (65.6 deg. C) when the distance between such spaces and the work is 25 feet (7.62 m) or greater.

Note:	For flammable liquids with flash points above 150 deg. F (65.6 deg. C), see subsection (2) of this section.
Note to (1)(a):	The criteria for "safe for hot work" is located in the definition section, WAC 296-304-020(2).

(b) The certificate issued by the marine chemist or Coast Guard authorized person must be posted in the immediate vicinity of the affected operations while they are in progress and kept on file for a period of at least three months from the date of the completion of the operation for which the certificate was generated.

(2) Hot work requiring testing by a competent person.

(a) Hot work is not permitted in or on the following spaces or adjacent spaces or other dangerous atmospheres until they have been tested by a competent person and determined to contain no concentrations of flammable vapors equal to or greater than 10 percent of the lower explosive limit:

(i) Dry cargo holds;

(ii) The bilges;

(iii) The engine room and boiler spaces for which a marine chemist or a Coast Guard authorized person certificate is not required under subsection (1)(a)(i) of this section; ((and))

(iv) Vessels and vessel sections for which a marine chemist or Coast Guard authorized person certificate is not required under subsection (1)(a)(((i)))(iv) of this section; and

(v) Land-side confined and enclosed spaces or other dangerous atmospheres not covered by subsection (1)(a) of this section.

(b) If the concentration of flammable vapors or gases is equal to or greater than 10 percent of the lower explosive limit in the space or an adjacent space where the hot work is to be done, then the space must be labeled "not safe for hot work" and ventilation must be provided at volumes and flow rates sufficient to ensure that the concentration of flammable vapors or gases is below 10 percent by volume of the lower explosive limit. The warning label may be removed when the concentration of flammable vapors and gases are below 10 percent of the lower explosive limit.

Note to

WAC 296-304-02007:

See WAC 296-304-02013—Appendix B, for additional information relevant to performing hot work safely.

AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 18-22-116, filed 11/6/18, effective 12/7/18)

WAC 296-800-16055Make sure your employees use appropriate head protection.

(1) You must make sure employees wear appropriate protective helmets.

(a) Where employees are exposed to hazards that could cause a head injury. Examples of this type of hazard include:

(i) Flying or propelled objects.

(ii) Falling objects or materials.

(b) Where employees are working around or under scaffolds or other overhead structures.

(2) Head protection must comply with any of the following consensus standards:

(a) American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z89.1-2009, "American National Standard for Industrial Head Protection";

(b) American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z89.1-2003, "American National Standard for Industrial Head Protection";

(c) American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z89.1-1997, "American National Standard for Personnel Protection—Protective Headwear for Industrial Workers—Requirements."

(d) You may use protective helmets that do not meet these ANSI standards if you can demonstrate that they are equally effective as those constructed in accordance with the above ANSIs.

(3) You must make sure employees working near exposed electrical conductors that could contact their head wear a protective helmet designed (that meet the above ANSI standards) to reduce electrical shock hazard.

Caps with metal buttons or metal visors must not be worn around electrical hazards.

(4) You must make sure employees working around machinery or in locations that present a hair-catching or fire hazard wear caps or head coverings that completely cover their hair.

(a) Employees must wear a hair net that controls all loose ends when:

(i) Hair is as long as the radius of pressure rolls with exposed in-running nip points.

(ii) Hair is twice as long as the circumference of exposed revolving shafts or tools in fixed machines.

(b) Employees must wear a hair covering of solid material when:

The employee is exposed to an ignition source and may run into an area containing category 1 or 2 flammable liquids, such as ether, benzene, or category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint ((between))below 100°F (37.8°C), or combustible atmospheres if their hair is on fire.

AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 18-22-116, filed 11/6/18, effective 12/7/18)

WAC 296-800-240Summary.

Your responsibility:

You must eliminate exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in your office work environment.

You must meet the requirements …	in this section:
Prohibit tobacco smoke in your office work environment	WAC 296-800-24005

Note:

This rule does not preempt any federal, state, municipal, or other local authority's regulation of indoor smoking that is more protective than this section.

Definition:	Office work environment is an indoor or enclosed occupied space where clerical work, administration, or business is carried out. In addition, it includes:
	• Other workplace spaces controlled by the employer and used by office workers, such as cafeterias, meeting rooms, and washrooms.
	• Office areas of manufacturing and production facilities, not including process areas.
	• Office areas of businesses such as food and beverage establishments, agricultural operations, construction, commercial trade, services, etc.

Link:

For work environments outside the office, contact your local health department using the link ((http://www.secondhandsmokesyou.com))https://www.doh.wa.gov/YouandYourFamily/Tobacco/LawsRegulations or by calling them directly.

AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 18-22-116, filed 11/6/18, effective 12/7/18)

WAC 296-800-27010Make sure that floors are safe.

(1) You must make sure that floors including their parts and structural members are safe.

(2) You must make sure floors are of substantial construction and kept in good repair. This includes floors of:

(a) Buildings.

(b) Platforms.

(d) Storage yards.

(e) Docks.

(3) You must make sure that structures are designed, constructed, and maintained to provide a safety factor of 4 times the imposed maximum strain.

(4) If you notice bowing, cracking, or other indications of excessive strain on a structure, you must take action to make sure it is safe.

Note:

This rule applies to all buildings that were built or those that have had complete or major changes or repairs ((built))done after 5/7/74.

AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 15-24-102, filed 12/1/15, effective 1/5/16)

WAC 296-806-47004Safeguard nip points of roll-forming and bending machines.

(1) You must safeguard in-running nip points on roll-forming and bending machines with at least one of the following:

(a) A point-of-operation guard or device.

(b) An emergency stop device.

(2) You must (([use]))use an emergency stop device (([must be used])) when a point-of-operation guard or device is not feasible.

AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 17-18-075, filed 9/5/17, effective 10/6/17)

WAC 296-811-099Definitions.

Buddy-breathing device. An equipment accessory for self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) that permits a second person (a "buddy") to share the air supply used by the SCBA wearer.

Extinguisher classification. The letter classification given an extinguisher to designate the class or classes of fires on which that extinguisher will be effective. For example, use a Class A extinguisher on a Class A fire. See also fire classifications.

Portable fire extinguishers are classified for use on certain classes of fires and are rated within that class for relative extinguishing effectiveness at a temperature of plus 70°F by nationally recognized testing laboratories. This is based upon fire classifications and fire extinguishment potentials as determined by fire tests.

Note:

The classification and rating system described in this section is used by Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc., and Underwriters' Laboratories of Canada, and is based on extinguishing preplanned fires of determined size and description as follows:

Extinguisher Class	Fire Test for Classification and Rating
Class A	Wood and excelsior fires excluding deep-seated conditions.
Class B	Two-inch depth gasoline fires in square pans.
Class C	No fire test. Agent must be a nonconductor of electricity.
Class D	Special tests on specific combustible metal fires.

Extinguisher rating (see also "extinguisher classification"). The numerical rating, such as 2A, given to an extinguisher that indicates the extinguishing potential of the unit based on standardized tests developed by Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc.

Fire brigade. An organized group of employees whose primary employment is other than firefighting but who are knowledgeable, trained, and skilled in specialized firefighting operations based on site-specific hazards present at a single commercial facility or facilities under the same management.

Fire classifications. Fires are classified based on the types of burning materials:

Fire Class	Types of Burning Materials
Class A	Fires involving ordinary combustible materials such as paper, wood, cloth, and some rubber and plastic materials.
Class B	Fires involving flammable liquids, flammable gases, greases, and similar materials, and some rubber and plastic materials.
Class C	Fires involving energized (live) electrical equipment where it is important that the extinguishing agent not conduct electricity. (When electrical equipment is deenergized, it is safe to use an extinguisher for Class A or B fires on it, since electricity is not an issue then.)
Class D	Fire involving combustible metals such as magnesium, titanium, zirconium, sodium, lithium, and potassium.

Incipient fire stage. A fire in the beginning stage that can be controlled or put out by portable fire extinguishers, or small hose systems, without the need for protective clothing or breathing apparatus.

Inspection. A visual check of fire protection systems and equipment to ensure they are in place, charged, and ready for use if there is a fire.

Interior structural firefighting. The physical activity of suppressing fire, rescuing people, or both, inside buildings or enclosed structures involved in a fire that is past the incipient stage.

Maintenance. Servicing fire protection equipment and systems to ensure they will perform as expected if there is a fire. Maintenance differs from inspection in that maintenance requires checking internal fittings, devices, and agent supplies, as well as correcting deficiencies found.

Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).((Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) in which the air pressure in the breathing zone is higher than that of the immediate environment during both inhaling and exhaling.))An atmosphere-supplying respirator designed for the breathing air source to be carried by the user.

AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 17-18-075, filed 9/5/17, effective 10/6/17)

WAC 296-824-50030Provide rescue and medical assistance.

(1) You must provide stand-by employees equipped with the same level of personal protective equipment (PPE) as the entrants, for assistance or rescue.

Note:	1. The buddy system applies to stand-by employees (see WAC 296-824-50025).
	2. One of the two stand-by employees can be assigned to another task provided it does not interfere with the performance of the stand-by role.
	3. Rescue equipment should be selected and provided based on the types of rescue situations that could occur.

(2) You must make sure employees trained in first aid are readily available with necessary medical equipment and have a way to transport the injured.

Note:	1. Employee training is covered by WAC 296-800-150, first aid. This rule requires training on ((the eighteen subjects listed in addition to))basic first aid and any subjects that are specific to your workplace emergency hazards (for example: If exposure to corrosive substances could occur, training would need to include first-aid procedures for treating chemical burns).
	2. Employers who designate and train their employees to provide first aid are covered by chapter 296-823 WAC, Occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens.

AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 17-18-075, filed 9/5/17, effective 10/6/17)

WAC 296-835-11010Provide proper ventilation for the vapor area.

(1) You must make sure mechanical ventilation meets the requirements of one or more of the following standards:

(a) NFPA 34-1995, Standard for Dipping and Coating Processes Using Flammable or Combustible Liquids;

(b) ACGIH's "Industrial Ventilation: A Manual of Recommended Practice" (22nd ed., 1995);

(c) ANSI Z9.1-1971, Practices for Ventilation and Operation of Open-Surface Tanks and ANSI Z9.2-1979, Fundamentals Governing the Design and Operation of Local Exhaust Systems.

Note:

Some, or all, of the consensus standards (such as ANSI and NFPA) may have been revised. If you comply with a later version of a consensus standard, you will be considered to have complied with any previous version of the same consensus standard.

(2) You must limit the vapor area to the smallest practical space by using mechanical ventilation.

(3) You must keep airborne concentration of any substance below twenty-five percent of its lower flammable limit (LFL).

(4) You must make sure mechanical ventilation draws the flow of air into a hood or exhaust duct.

(5) You must have a separate exhaust system for each dip tank if the combination of substances being removed could cause a:

(a) Fire;

(b) Explosion; or

Reference: You need to keep employee exposure within safe levels when the liquid in a dip tank creates an exposure hazard. See ((Air))Airborne contaminants, WAC ((296-62-075 through 296-62-07515))296-841-099 through 296-841-20025.

Note:

You may use a tank cover or material that floats on the surface of the liquid to replace or assist ventilation. The method or combination of methods you choose has to maintain the airborne concentration of the hazardous material and the employee's exposure within safe limits.

AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 17-18-075, filed 9/5/17, effective 10/6/17)

WAC 296-863-099Definitions.

ANSI. The American National Standards Institute.

Authorized person (maintenance). A person who has been designated to perform maintenance on a PIT.

Authorized person (training). A person approved or assigned by the employer to perform training for powered industrial truck operators.

Approved. Listed or approved by a nationally recognized testing laboratory or a federal agency that issues approvals for equipment such as the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA); the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH); Department of Transportation; or U.S. Coast Guard, which issue approvals for such equipment.

Bridge plate (dock-board). A device used to span the distance between rail cars or highway vehicles and loading platforms.

Classified location or hazardous location. Areas that could be hazardous because of explosive or flammable atmospheres. These locations are broken down into the following categories:

(a) Class I locations are areas where flammable gases or vapors are or may be present in the air in quantities sufficient to produce explosive or ignitable mixtures.

(b) Class II locations are areas where the presence of combustible dust could be sufficient to produce explosions.

(c) Class III locations are areas where the presence of easily ignitable fibers are suspended in the air but are not in large enough quantities to produce ignitable mixtures.

Counterweight. A weight used to counteract or the load being carried by the truck, or to increase the load carrying capacity of a truck.

Designations. A code used to show the different types of hazardous (classified) locations where PITs can be safely used:

(a) D refers to trucks that are diesel engine powered that have minimum safeguards against inherent fire hazards.

(b) DS refers to diesel powered trucks that, in addition to meeting all the requirements for type D trucks, are provided with additional safeguards to the exhaust, fuel and electrical systems.

(c) DY refers to diesel powered trucks that have all the safe-guards of the DS trucks and, in addition, any electrical equipment is completely enclosed. They are equipped with temperature limitation features.

(d) E refers to electrically powered trucks that have minimum acceptable safeguards against inherent fire hazards.

(e) ES refers to electrically powered trucks that, in addition to all of the requirements for the E trucks, have additional safeguards to the electrical system to prevent emission of hazardous sparks and to limit surface temperatures.

(f) EE refers to electrically powered trucks that have, in addition to all of the requirements for the E and ES type trucks, have their electric motors and all other electrical equipment completely enclosed.

(g) EX refers to electrically powered trucks that differ from E, ES, or EE type trucks in that the electrical fittings and equipment are designed, constructed and assembled to be used in atmospheres containing flammable vapors or dusts.

(h) G refers to gasoline powered trucks that have minimum acceptable safeguards against inherent fire hazards.

(i) GS refers to gasoline powered trucks that are provided with additional exhaust, fuel, and electrical systems safeguards.

(j) LP refers to liquefied petroleum gas-powered trucks that, in addition to meeting all the requirements for type G trucks, have minimum acceptable safeguards against inherent fire hazards.

(k) LPS refers to liquefied petroleum gas powered trucks that in addition to meeting the requirements for LP type trucks, have additional exhaust, fuel, and electrical systems safeguards.

Electrolyte. A chemical, usually acid, that is mixed with water to produce electricity.

Flammable liquid. Any liquid having a flashpoint at or below 199.4°F (93°C). Flammable liquids are divided into four categories as follows:

(a) Category 1 includes liquids having flashpoints below 73.4°F (23°C) and having a boiling point at or below 95°F (35°C).

(b) Category 2 includes liquids having flashpoints below 73.4°F (23°C) and having a boiling point above 95°F (35°C).

(c) Category 3 includes liquids having flashpoints at or above 73.4°F (23°C) and at or below 140°F (60°C). When a Category 3 liquid with a flashpoint at or above 100°F (37.8°C) is heated for use to within 30°F (16.7°C) of its flashpoint, it must be handled in accordance with the requirements for a Category 3 liquid with a flashpoint below 100°F (37.8°C).

(d) Category 4 includes liquids having flashpoints above 140°F (60°C) and at or below 199.4°F (93°C). When a Category 4 flammable liquid is heated for use to within 30°F (16.7°C) of its flashpoint, it must be handled in accordance with the requirements for a Category 3 liquid with a flashpoint at or above 100°F (37.8°C).

(e) When liquid with a flashpoint greater than 199.4°F (93°C) is heated for use to within 30°F (16.7°C) of its flashpoint, it must be handled in accordance with the requirements for a Category 4 flammable liquid.

Flashpoint. The minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off vapor within a test vessel in sufficient concentration to form an ignitable mixture with air near the surface of the liquid, and shall be determined as follows:

(a) For a liquid which has a viscosity of less than 45 SUS at 100°F (37.8°C), does not contain suspended solids, and does not have a tendency to form a surface film while under test, the procedure specified in the Standard Method of Test for Flashpoint by Tag Closed Tester (ASTM D-56-70), WAC 296-901-14024 Appendix B—Physical hazard criteria shall be used.

(b) For a liquid which has a viscosity of 45 SUS or more at 100°F (37.8°C), or contains suspended solids, or has a tendency to form a surface film while under test, the Standard Method of Test for Flashpoint by Pensky-Martens Closed Tester (ASTM D-93-71) or an equivalent method as defined by WAC ((296-91-14024))296-901-14024 Appendix B—Physical hazard criteria, shall be used, except that the methods specified in Note 1 to section 1.1 of ASTM D-93-71 may be used for the respective materials specified in the note.

(c) For a liquid that is a mixture of compounds that have different volatilities and flashpoints, its flashpoint shall be determined by using the procedure specified in (a) or (b) of this subsection on the liquid in the form it is shipped.

(d) Organic peroxides, which undergo auto-accelerating thermal decomposition, are excluded from any of the flashpoint determination methods specified in this section.

Front-end attachment. A device that is attached to the forks or lifting device of the truck.

Lanyard. A flexible line of webbing, rope, or cable used to secure a harness to an anchor point.

Liquefied petroleum gas. Any gas that is composed predominantly of the following hydrocarbons, or mixtures of them; propane, propylene, butanes (normal butane or iso-butane), and butylenes.

Listed by report. A report listing the field assembly, installation procedures, or both, for a UL listed product that does not have generally recognized installation requirements.

Load engaging. A device attached to a powered industrial truck and used to manipulate or carry a load.

Motorized hand truck. A powered truck with wheeled forks designed to go under or between pallets and is controlled by a walking or riding operator.

Nationally recognized testing laboratory. An organization recognized by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration that conducts safety tests on equipment and materials.

Order picker. A truck controlled by an operator who is stationed on a platform that moves with the load engaging means.

Powered industrial truck (PIT). A mobile, power-driven vehicle used to carry, push, pull, lift, stack, or tier material.

Rough terrain forklift truck. A truck intended to be used on unimproved natural terrain and at construction sites.

Safety harness (full body harness). A configuration of connected straps to distribute a fall arresting force over at least the thighs, shoulders and pelvis, with provisions for attaching a lanyard, lifeline, or deceleration devices.

Tie-off point (anchorage). A secure point to attach a lanyard that meets the requirements of WAC 296-24-88050, Appendix—C Personal fall arrest systems.

Vertical load backrest extension. A device that extends vertically from the fork carriage frame.

AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 17-18-075, filed 9/5/17, effective 10/6/17)

WAC 296-863-30035Make sure battery charging areas are safe.

(1) You must make sure battery charging areas are designated and provided with all of the following:

(a) Means to flush and neutralize spilled electrolyte;

(b) Fire protection;

(2) You must prohibit smoking in battery charging areas.

(3) You must take precautions to prevent open flames, sparks, or electric arcs in battery charging areas.

(4) You must protect battery charging equipment from being damaged by PITs.

(5) You must provide at least one of the following to handle batteries:

(a) Conveyor;

(b) Overhead hoist;