The definitions in this section are applicable within the context of this chapter.

(1) Access-control/gate card. A plastic card that provides access to a location, building, or parking area, and/or activates a gate or similar device controlling access to certain parking areas.

(2) Campus. Describes all property owned, leased, and/or controlled by the WSUS campus which is or may hereafter be dedicated mainly to the educational, research, housing, recreational, parking, or other activities of the university.

(3) Day. Unless otherwise specified, the term "day" refers to a calendar day.

(4) Disability parking. See individuals with disability.

(5) Disability zone. A parking zone designated for exclusive use by individuals with disability and identified with a sign bearing the associated international symbol.

(6) Electric-assisted bicycle. As defined under RCW 46.04.169.

(7) Fire zone. An area needed for emergency access to buildings, fire hydrants, or fire equipment. Such areas include, but are not limited to, areas with adjacent curbs or rails painted red.

(8) Holiday. See university holiday.

(9) Illegal use of permit. A parking violation in which a parking ticket is issued under the following circumstances:

(a) Use of a parking permit or indicator on a vehicle other than the specified vehicle identified by a license plate number on the permit.

(b) Use of a counterfeit parking permit or indicator.

(c) Use of a parking permit or indicator obtained under false pretenses.

(d) Use of a modified parking permit or indicator.

(e) Use and/or retention of a parking permit or indicator by individual(s) ineligible, or no longer eligible, for such permit as described and authorized in this chapter.

(10) Impound. To take and hold a vehicle in legal custody by use of a ((wheel lock))vehicle immobilization device and/or towing.

(11) Indicator. A decal or hanger displayed adjacent to a parking permit which defines additional parking areas available to a permit holder.

(12) Loading zone. A loading dock, or an area signed "loading zone" adjacent to a facility or in a parking area. Such an area is intended for loading and unloading bulky or voluminous material. Loading zones are restricted at all times unless signed otherwise.

(13) Moped. As defined under RCW 46.04.304.

(14) Motorcycle. As defined under RCW 46.04.330.

(15) Motorized foot scooter. As defined under RCW 46.04.336.

(16) Motor vehicle. As defined under RCW 46.04.320. Also referred to as "vehicle" in this chapter.

(17) No parking zone. Any area not specifically marked and/or signed for parking. Such areas include, but are not limited to, areas with adjacent curbs or rails painted yellow.

(18) Officer. Any parking or campus ((safety and)) security official employed by the university who is designated by the parking administrator or chancellor to place and remove ((wheel locks))vehicle immobilization devices or to cause vehicles to be towed under this chapter.

(19) Owner. The individual registered with any state as the present owner of a vehicle in the most current registration records available to the university, the owner's expressed representative, or any transferee not designated in such records, provided that the parking administrator has received actual written notice of the transfer.

(20) Park/parking. This refers to the placement or standing of a vehicle, with or without a driver in attendance, and with or without the engine running.

(21) Parking administrator. The manager in charge of the parking office or designee.

(22) Parking appeals committee. Any individual or individuals appointed to consider parking violations and the application of fees, fines, and sanctions. Said individual or individuals are appointed by the chancellor or designee whose responsibilities include supervision of the parking office.

(23) Parking office. The university department which is charged with the responsibility of managing, operating, planning, and maintaining parking facilities; enforcing the parking regulations; and coordinating commute trip reduction efforts for the WSUS campus.

(24) Parking meter. A single fixed device that typically requires payment and limits the amount of time a vehicle can park in a single space. Also referred to as "meter" in this chapter. A parking meter is not a parking payment device.

(25) Parking payment device. A machine that requires payment and vends a parking permit and/or a paid receipt. Parking payment devices may be located in various places on the campus. A parking payment device is not a parking meter.

(26) Parking permit. A vinyl, plastic, paper, or other instrument sanctioned by the parking office that is displayed from a vehicle and authorizes parking in specified areas. Some parking permits may be purchased online and may be virtual in nature (see definition of virtual permit in subsection (((47)))(50) of this section) and identified by other means, such as by license plate. Also referred to as "permit" in this chapter.

(27) Parking ticket. The first notice of a parking violation which is usually placed in a visible location on a motor vehicle.

(28) Pay parking facility. A location where parking is provided, and payment is made on-site via a parking payment device, cashier, or means other than a parking meter.

(29) Pedestrian mall. A space that is designed primarily for pedestrian use, but with limited authorized use of motor vehicle and other motorized and nonmotorized conveyances.

(30) Individuals with disability. For the purpose of this chapter individuals with disability refers to an individual or individuals with disability or disabilities who qualify for a state-issued individual with disabilities parking identification and permit.

(31) Resident priority zone. A parking area close to a residence hall that is typically limited to use by residence hall students.

(32) Residence hall student. A student with a current, valid residence hall contract, who lives in a residence hall.

(33) Residence hall. Residence hall units (dormitories) that are owned by the university but are not included as university-owned housing apartments. Occupants of residence halls are considered residence hall students and are eligible for parking permits in resident priority zones.

(34) Service vehicle. A vehicle used to provide a service for WSUS or a tenant or contractor of WSUS (e.g., a university-owned vehicle or a privately owned vehicle with a valid service vehicle authorization displayed).

(35) Service zone. Parking spaces or area designated for the use of service vehicles, other government-owned vehicles, and vehicles displaying a service indicator or commercial permit. Authorized vehicles may park in these zones on an occasional basis for a maximum of fifteen minutes, except for vehicles that display a service indicator issued for an extended time. Service zones are restricted at all times unless signed otherwise.

(36) Staff. For the purposes of these regulations, "staff" includes all nonstudent employees of the university and the nonstudent employees of other entities located on, or regularly doing business on campus. Teaching assistants, research assistants, and other students employed by the university, or other entities located on, or regularly doing business on campus, are not "staff." They are considered to be students for the purpose of these rules.

(37) Standing. "Standing" is the stopping of a vehicle with the driver remaining in it.

(38) Storage of a vehicle. Impounded vehicles are held in storage until released. During such time they are subject to storage fees.

(39) Student. The term student includes all individuals who are not staff who are taking courses at the university, enrolled full-time or part-time, pursuing undergraduate, graduate, professional studies, or auditing one or more class.

(40) Summer session. The summer session includes all summer sessions beginning on the first day of the earliest session, and ending on the last day of the latest session.

(41) University. Refers to Washington State University Health Sciences Spokane or WSUS.

(42) University holiday. A day regarded by the university as an official university holiday.

(43) University-owned housing. Housing units or apartments, and their respective parking areas, that are owned by the university, but are not included as residence halls. Occupants of university-owned housing are eligible for housing parking permits issued by the university.

(44) Unpaid. A full or partial outstanding balance due. This definition includes parking tickets which are pending appeal.

(45) Vacation. A period of time when classes or final exams are not in session. Except for holidays that fall within this period, the business offices of WSUS typically are open during this time.

(46) Vehicle immobilization device. A device used to temporarily immobilize a motor vehicle. Immobilized vehicles are considered to be impounded in place and subject to storage fees.

(49) Vehicle storage. Vehicle storage means the parking or leaving of any vehicle for a period of more than twenty-four consecutive hours.

(((47)))(50) Virtual permit. A virtual permit is authorization given at the time of vehicle registration with the parking office, allowing the registered vehicle to park in a designated lot, zone, or space. The virtual permit is associated to the vehicle license plate number and is used to identify the parking authorization.

(((48)))(51) Visitors. Individuals who are not staff or students and who only visit the campus on an occasional basis.

(((49) Wheel lock. A device used to temporarily immobilize a motor vehicle. Wheel locked vehicles are considered to be impounded in place and subject to storage fees.

(51) Wheel lock-eligible vehicle. Any vehicle on which three or more parking tickets more than thirty days old are unpaid and which parking tickets were issued during the time the vehicle was registered to or otherwise held by the owner. The vehicle remains wheel lock-eligible until all fines and fees related to parking tickets are paid in full or otherwise resolved to include the payment of fines and fees related to parking tickets not yet eligible for late fees.))

(52) WSU disability permit. WSU-issued zone permit displayed with a valid state-issued disability placard or disability license plate.

(53) WSUS. Washington State University Health Sciences Spokane.

The university parking office staff and ((the safety and)) security officers are charged with the impartial enforcement of these regulations and have authority to issue parking tickets, to impound vehicles, and to control access to areas.

WSUS reserves the right to close and/or restrict access to any campus parking area, roadway, and/or sidewalk at any time it is deemed necessary for maintenance, safety, events, construction, or to meet special needs. The parking office provides notice to users when possible.

Public safety, ((safety and)) security, and maintenance personnel performing official duties may deviate from these regulations as required to conduct emergency procedures.

(1) The university issues parking permits for designated areas of the campus. Any vehicle parked on the campus must clearly display a valid university parking permit in accordance with this chapter during the posted hours when and where permits are required. University staff and students may not use any other permit in lieu of a valid university parking permit.

(2) Inoperable vehicles. It is the owner's responsibility to immediately contact the parking office or campus ((safety and)) security in the event that the owner's vehicle becomes inoperable when the vehicle is parked on campus.

(1) Violations and fines. Parking violations are processed by the university. Fines must be paid at the parking office or at other authorized locations by mail, or from the university's parking website. Schedules for parking violations, fines, and sanctions are posted in the public area of the parking office and on the university's parking website.

(2) Reduction of fines. Internal policies regarding disposition of parking tickets may be established on approval of the chancellor or designee whose responsibilities include supervision of the parking office.

(3) Inoperable vehicles. It is the owner's responsibility to immediately contact the parking office in the event that the owner's vehicle becomes inoperable when the vehicle is present on campus.

(4) Payment of parking fines.

(a) All parking fines are due upon issuance of a parking ticket. Thirty days after date of issuance of a parking ticket, a late fee is added to all unpaid parking fines. For example, a parking ticket issued on May 1st is assessed a late fee on May 31st.

(b) Failure to pay the fine and fee assessed for any violation results in referral to the university controller's office for internal collection.

(c) Account balances not paid to the university voluntarily may be forwarded to an external collections agency and are subject to additional collection fees of up to fifty percent, attorney's fees, and court costs when necessary.

(d) Where collection efforts are unsuccessful, the controller or designee may notify the registrar to refrain from issuing student transcripts or to withhold permission to reenroll for a subsequent term until outstanding fines and fees are paid.

(e) The procedures discussed above are not exclusive, however, and failure by anyone to pay fines and fees may also lead to towing or use of the ((wheel lock))vehicle immobilization device described in these regulations. Nor are the procedures discussed above a precondition to towing or use of the ((wheel lock))vehicle immobilization device.

(5) Failure to pay fines. Failure to pay a fine or comply with other penalties assessed pursuant to these regulations, and exhausting or failing to exercise appeals provided for in these regulations, may result in the inability to renew a vehicle license through the state pursuant to RCW 46.16.216.

The parking ticket represents a determination that a parking violation has been committed and the determination is final unless otherwise provided for or appealed as provided in this chapter.

(1) Purpose. The parking appeals process serves three primary functions:

(a) To hear parking ticket appeals;

(b) To hear appeals of ((wheel lock))vehicle immobilization eligibility determination; and

(c) To hear appeals of impoundments.

(2) Procedure. Any individual who has received a parking ticket may appeal the alleged parking violation. Appeal of ((wheel lock))vehicle immobilization eligibility determinations and impoundments are described in WAC 504-14-865 and 504-14-870.

(3) Written parking ticket appeals. The appeal must be in writing and received at the parking office within ten calendar days of issuance of the parking ticket. Online forms for this purpose are available from the parking office. The parking appeals committee makes an initial decision regarding the appeal within twenty calendar days during the academic year and within thirty calendar days during the summer months after receipt of the appeal. The committee provides a brief statement of the reason for its decision to the appellant within ten calendar days of the decision.

(4) Review hearing of initial decision. If the appellant is dissatisfied with the initial decision, the appellant may request a hearing before a hearing officer or the parking appeals committee. Such a request must be made within ten calendar days of the date of the initial parking appeals committee decision. If no such request is received, the initial decision is final. During the hearing the appellant and representatives of the parking office may present and cross-examine witnesses. The hearing officer or appeals committee must render a decision in writing and provide appellant with the decision within ten calendar days after the hearing.

(5) Appeal to district court. RCW 28B.10.560 provides that an individual who is not satisfied with the final decision of the university may appeal to district court. The application for appeal to district court must be in writing and must be filed at the parking office within ten calendar days after the date of the review hearing. The parking office forwards the documents relating to the appeal to the district court.

(1) Pursuant to the provisions of this chapter, an officer must cause a vehicle to be ((wheel lock))vehicle immobilized, or towed, or both, if:

(a) The vehicle is on the ((wheel lock))vehicle immobilization-eligible list; or

(b) The vehicle displays a lost, stolen, or counterfeit parking permit.

(2) Any vehicle may be towed away at owner's/operator's expense if the vehicle:

(a) Has been immobilized by ((wheel lock))a vehicle immobilization device for more than twenty-four hours; or

(b) Is illegally parked in a marked tow-away zone; or

(c) Is a hazard or obstruction to vehicular or pedestrian traffic (including, but not limited to, vehicles parked at curbs or rails painted yellow or red or in crosswalks); or

(d) Cannot be immobilized with a ((wheel lock))vehicle immobilization device; or

(e) Is illegally parked in a disability space; or

(f) Is parked in an area designated to be used for emergencies, maintenance, events, or construction; or

(g) Is otherwise illegally parked based on the executive authority of the parking office or university ((safety and)) security.

(3) The driver and/or owner of a towed vehicle must pay towing and storage expenses.

(4) Any vehicle immobilized by use of ((the wheel lock))a vehicle immobilization device in excess of twenty-four hours is assessed a storage fee for each calendar day or portion thereof, beyond the first twenty-four hours.

(5) The university assumes no responsibility in the event of damages resulting from towing, use of ((wheel lock))vehicle immobilization devices, storage, or attempts to move a vehicle with a ((wheel lock))vehicle immobilization device installed.

(6) No vehicle impounded by towing or ((wheel lock))vehicle immobilization devices is released until the following fines are paid in cash or with an approved payment card:

(a) All unpaid parking ticket fines and late fees against said vehicle and any other vehicle registered to the violator and/or owner;

(b) A ((wheel lock))vehicle immobilization fee; and

(c) All towing and storage fees.

(7) An individual wishing to challenge the validity of any fines or fees imposed under this chapter may appeal such fines or fees as provided in WAC 504-14-860. However, in order to secure release of the vehicle, such individual must pay the amount of such fines or fees as a bond which is refunded to the extent the appeal is successful.

(8) An accumulation of six unpaid violations during any twelve-month period, exclusive of overtime at parking meter violations, and overtime in time zone violations, subjects the violator to revocation or denial of parking privileges. Vehicles without permits which accumulate the above number of violations may be prohibited from parking on university property.

(1) The parking administrator is responsible for creating and maintaining the ((wheel lock))vehicle immobilization-eligible list. See definition of "((wheel lock))vehicle immobilization-eligible vehicle" under WAC 504-14-100(((51)))(48).

(2) A ((wheel lock))vehicle immobilization-eligible vehicle is placed on the ((wheel lock))vehicle immobilization-eligible list after notice has been issued as provided in subsection (3) of this section and an appeal of the ((wheel lock))vehicle immobilization eligibility determination, if requested, under subsection (4) of this section.

(3) At least ten days prior to placing a vehicle on the ((wheel lock))vehicle immobilization-eligible list, the parking administrator must mail a notice to the owner. The parking administrator mails the notice to the address stated on the most current registration records available to the university from a state, or any more current address of which the parking administrator has actual written notice. The notice is sent by first class United States mail, postage prepaid. The notice must set forth:

(a) The make and license plate number of the alleged ((wheel lock))vehicle immobilization-eligible vehicle.

(b) A specified date on which the ((wheel lock))vehicle immobilization-eligible vehicle is subject to placement on the ((wheel lock))vehicle immobilization-eligible list.

(c) A list of the three or more alleged unpaid parking tickets, including the parking ticket number, date, time, place of the violation, and the nature of the violation. This list must include all unpaid parking tickets issued to a particular vehicle to include the payment of fines and fees related to parking tickets not yet eligible for late fees.

(d) That the owner may avoid the placement of the vehicle on the ((wheel lock))vehicle immobilization-eligible list by making payment in full of fines and late fees on all unpaid parking tickets to include the payment of fines and fees related to parking tickets not yet eligible for late fees by the specified date on which the vehicle is subject to placement on the ((wheel lock))vehicle immobilization-eligible list.

(e) The name, mailing address (and street address if different), and telephone number of the parking office that may be contacted to appeal the ((wheel lock))vehicle immobilization eligibility determination. Such an appeal only considers whether an individual vehicle was properly placed on the ((wheel lock))vehicle immobilization-eligible list and not the merits of an individual parking ticket, which may be addressed pursuant to a separate appeals process described in WAC 504-14-860.

(f) That the vehicle is subject to ((wheel lock))vehicle immobilization, towing, or both once it is placed on the ((wheel lock))vehicle immobilization-eligible list.

(g) That all late fees, ((wheel lock))vehicle immobilization fees, towing, and storage fees are payable in full to obtain the release of a vehicle ((wheel locked))immobilized or towed pursuant to this chapter in addition to payment of any and all unpaid parking tickets on this vehicle or other vehicles owned by the registered owner to include the payment of fines and fees related to parking tickets not yet eligible for late fees.

(4) If a request for an appeal of a ((wheel lock))vehicle immobilization eligibility determination is received by the parking administrator before the specified date in the notice for placement of the vehicle on the ((wheel lock))vehicle immobilization-eligible list, then the parking administrator must afford the owner an opportunity to appeal the ((wheel lock))vehicle immobilization eligibility determination prior to the placing of a vehicle on the ((wheel lock))vehicle immobilization-eligible list. Although the parking administrator does not have the authority to adjudicate the merits of any parking ticket, they must, however, receive evidence and other input from the owner appealing the ((wheel lock))vehicle immobilization eligibility determination that the notice given under subsection (3) of this section was erroneous or based on erroneous information.

(5) If an owner timely participates in the appeal as scheduled by the parking administrator, the administrator must furnish the owner written notice of ((his or her))their decision prior to placing the vehicle on the ((wheel lock))vehicle immobilization-eligible list.

(6) After the specified date provided in the notice issued under subsection (3) of this section, the parking administrator must review the records to ensure that the alleged unpaid parking tickets have not been paid or otherwise resolved, and that no information has been received indicating that the notice was erroneous.

(7) Once a vehicle has been placed on the ((wheel lock))vehicle immobilization-eligible list, it must not be removed from the list unless and until:

(a) The fines and fees on all unpaid parking tickets issued during the time it has been registered to or otherwise held by the owner are paid or otherwise resolved to include the payment of fines and fees related to parking tickets not yet eligible for late fees;

(b) The parking administrator receives reliable information that title to the vehicle has been transferred; or

(c) The parking administrator determines that the placement of the vehicle on the ((wheel lock))vehicle immobilization-eligible list was erroneous.

(8) If a vehicle is not properly registered in any state or no registration information is available to the university and the vehicle is ((wheel lock))vehicle immobilization eligible, then notice is provided by posting on the vehicle a conspicuous notice, which must set forth:

(a) A description of the alleged ((wheel lock))vehicle immobilization-eligible vehicle;

(b) A specified date on which the ((wheel lock))vehicle immobilization-eligible vehicle is subject to placement on the ((wheel lock))vehicle immobilization-eligible list;

(c) That the owner may avoid placement of the vehicle on the ((wheel lock))vehicle immobilization-eligible list by making payment in full of fines and late fees on all unpaid parking tickets to include the payment of fines and fees related to parking tickets not yet eligible for late fees by the specified date certain on which the vehicle is subject to placement on the ((wheel lock))vehicle immobilization-eligible list; and

(d) That the vehicle is subject to ((wheel lock))vehicle immobilization, towing, or both once it is placed on the ((wheel lock))vehicle immobilization-eligible list.

(9) An officer must attempt to ((wheel lock))provide vehicle immobilization on any vehicle which appears on the ((wheel lock))vehicle immobilization-eligible list when parked, lawfully or unlawfully, on campus.

(10) The parking administrator must ensure ((that)) officers are on duty or services are available to remove ((wheel locks))vehicle immobilization devices from vehicles Monday through Friday between 8:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m.; except during recognized holidays.

The owner of an impounded vehicle may not secure the release of the stored vehicle until payment in full of fines and fees has been made on all unpaid parking tickets to include the payment of fines and fees related to parking tickets not yet eligible for late fees relating to the vehicle which were issued while the vehicle was owned by the individual who owned the vehicle at the time it is ((wheel locked))immobilized by a vehicle immobilization device or towed hereunder, and the owner has paid in full the ((wheel lock))vehicle immobilization fee, unpaid parking tickets, late fees, storage fees, and towing fees for any and all other vehicles owned by the registered owner.

The following conduct of any individual must be reported to the parking office or university ((safety and)) security:

(1) Causing physical damage to a ((wheel lock))vehicle immobilization device;

(2) Removing, or attempting to remove, a ((wheel lock))vehicle immobilization device; or

(3) Taking or stealing a ((wheel lock))vehicle immobilization device.