WSR 22-04-103

PROPOSED RULES

DEPARTMENT OF

FISH AND WILDLIFE

[Filed February 1, 2022, 12:43 p.m.]

Original Notice.

Preproposal statement of inquiry was filed as WSR 21-24-092 on November 30, 2021.

Title of Rule and Other Identifying Information: WAC 220-412-100 Landowner hunting permits, 220-415-020 2021-2023 Deer general seasons and definitions, 220-415-030 2021 Deer special permits, 220-415-040 Elk area descriptions, 220-415-050 2021-2023 Elk general seasons and definitions, 220-415-060 2021 Elk special permits, 220-415-070 2021 Moose seasons, permit quotas, and areas, 220-415-120 2021 Bighorn sheep seasons, permit quotas, and areas, 220-415-130 2021 Mountain goat seasons, permit quotas, and areas, and 220-416-060 2021-2022 Migratory gamebird seasons and regulations.

Hearing Location(s): On March 18, 2022, at 8:00 a.m., webinar. This meeting will take place by webinar. The public may participate in the meeting. Registration is required to testify at the public hearing. Registration deadlines and registration forms are available at http://wdfw.wa.gov/about/commission/meetings or contact the commission office at 360-902-2267.

Date of Intended Adoption: April 8, 2022.

Submit Written Comments to: Wildlife Program, P.O. Box 43200, Olympia, WA 98504, email 2022HuntingSeason102@PublicInput.com, voicemail public comment 855-925-2801 project code 2331, https://publicinput.com/2022HuntingSeason102, by March 19, 2022.

Assistance for Persons with Disabilities: Contact Title VI/ADA compliance coordinator, phone 360-902-2349, TTY 711, email Title6@dfw.wa.gov, https://wdfw.wa.gov/accessibility/requests-accommodation, by March 19, 2022.

Purpose of the Proposal and Its Anticipated Effects, Including Any Changes in Existing Rules: WAC 220-412-100 Landowner hunting permits. The purpose of this proposal is to recommend for adoption slight changes to permit allocations and season dates for properties enrolled in the landowner hunting permit program. In addition, staff proposes wording changes to the WAC that addresses identified discrepancies between the WAC language and Commission Policy C-6002. Proposed changes will align and reestablish the language in the commission policy if adopted.

WAC 220-415-020 2021-2023 Deer general seasons and definitions. The department sets deer general seasons in accordance with the department's mandate to provide recreational hunting opportunity and preserve, protect, perpetuate, and manage wildlife populations, RCW 77.04.012. Proposals for major changes to general seasons are considered at a three-year cycle (most recently completed in 2021). Minor proposed changes are considered on an annual basis or due to emerging needs. Proposed changes for 2022 include:

1. A change to black-tailed deer early archery 2022 general season dates is proposed to fix an error in the 2021-2023 season setting process that inadvertently lengthened the early archery season and created overlap with elk muzzleloader special permits in the same hunt areas. The change avoids season overlap and potential conflict among different weapon-type hunters in the same hunt area, minimal other effects are anticipated.

2. A change in the list of game management units (GMU) for western Washington black-tailed deer early muzzleloader season is proposed to fix a minor error (GMUs listed out of order). This change clarifies open GMUs and no effects are anticipated.

3. A change in the 2022 and 2023 late archery mule deer general season for GMUs 209, 215, 233, 243, 250 is proposed to fix an error in the 2021-2023 three-year season setting process which had inadvertently shortened the season without public input. This change is anticipated to restore season length and hunting opportunity to previous levels.

WAC 220-415-030 2022 Deer special permits. The primary purpose of this proposal is to retain deer special permit opportunity in 2022 in accordance with the department's mandate to provide recreational hunting opportunity and preserve, protect, perpetuate, and manage wildlife populations, RCW 77.04.012. Changes to deer special permit availability (i.e., permit dates, permit levels) are proposed to balance hunting opportunity among user groups with deer population status (i.e., increased hunting opportunities when populations allow, reduced opportunities when declining numbers warrant reduction), and to retain consistency in season timing (e.g., open/close day of week). Notable proposed changes include:

1. Reductions in permits in the antlerless, youth, 2nd deer, and hunter with disability categories are proposed to assist population recovery of white-tailed deer and mule deer. These changes are proposed in response to hemorrhagic disease outbreaks in eastern Washington during late summer of 2021, which reduced local population abundance. Reductions in Region 2 are also warranted due to concern over poor population productivity. Anticipated effects are a reduction in white-tailed deer and mule deer special permit hunting opportunity, in units/hunts where outbreaks occurred, to facilitate population rebound.

2. Reductions in permits in the quality and buck categories are proposed to balance hunter opportunity with population status (i.e., the number of bucks on the landscape) for white-tailed deer and mule deer. These changes are proposed in response to hemorrhagic disease outbreaks in eastern Washington during late summer of 2021, which reduced local population abundance. Anticipated effects are a reduction in white-tailed deer and mule deer special permit hunting opportunity in units/hunts where outbreaks occurred.

3. Moving Skokomish Quality deer permit opportunity to the Buck category; reductions in permit numbers in Buck, Antlerless, Senior, and Hunter with Disability categories in GMU 636 in response to harvest trends that indicate population decline in the unit. Anticipated effects are a reduced permit draw opportunity in GMU 636.

4. Reductions in Antlerless deer permits in North River (GMU 658), Minot Peak (GMU 660), Capitol Peak (GMU 663), and Williams Creek (GMU 673) and reductions in Youth, 65+ Senior, and Hunters with Disabilities permit levels for North River (GMU 658) and Capitol Peak (GMU 663) in response to harvest trends (i.e., total harvest, success, ratio of bucks to antlerless animals harvested) that indicate potential population decline, motivating conservative target harvest levels.

WAC 220-415-040 Elk area descriptions. 1. An elk area (3911) boundary change is proposed to exclude an area of non-agricultural land. Under the current boundary, elk in the unincorporated WDFW property are frequently pressured onto neighboring private property by hunting activity, occasionally creating conflict with landowners. Neighboring landowners have requested the change as they believe elk are being pressured onto private crop fields. A new boundary fence may be constructed in the near future in cooperation with the irrigation district. Anticipated effects are the reduction in neighboring private landowner conflict with elk, other effects are anticipated to be minimal.

2. An elk area (1054) is proposed in GMU 154. The department anticipates a better ability to mitigate elk damage in GMU 154 by concentrating hunting activity where damage is most prevalent, while preventing additional harvest of antlerless elk in other areas of GMU 154 where population growth is a priority.

WAC 220-415-050 2021-2023 Elk general seasons and definitions. The department sets elk general seasons in accordance with the department's mandate to provide recreational hunting opportunity and preserve, protect, perpetuate, and manage wildlife populations, RCW 77.04.012. Proposals for major changes to general seasons are considered at a three-year cycle (most recently completed in 2021). Minor proposed changes are considered on an annual basis or due to emerging needs. Proposed changes for 2022 include:

1. A change to the eastern Washington archery and muzzleloader general season open GMUs is proposed to exclude deer area 5382. This change is anticipated to eliminate overlap between elk general season hunters and deer special permit holders in deer area 5382, thereby maintaining hunt quality for deer special permit holders and minimizing potential conflict between elk general season hunters and deer special permit hunters. A minor reduction in open hunt area for general season elk hunters is anticipated (i.e., deer area 5382).

WAC 220-415-060 2022 Elk special permits. The primary purpose of this proposal is to retain elk special permit opportunity in 2022 in accordance with the department's mandate to provide recreational hunting opportunity and preserve, protect, perpetuate, and manage wildlife populations, RCW 77.04.012. Specific changes to elk special permit availability (i.e., permit dates, permit levels) are proposed to balance hunting opportunity among user groups against elk population status (i.e., increased hunting opportunities when populations allow, reduced opportunities when declining numbers warrant reduction), to retain consistency in season timing (e.g., open/close day of week), or to avoid overlap among big game special permits and general seasons (e.g., overlap of seasons with different legal weapon types). Notable proposed changes include:

1. Reduction in permit levels for Quality Elk permits in some of the Blue Mountains elk herd area (Blue Creek, Tucannon, Wenaha East, Mountain View, Peola) in response to reduced elk abundance in this population. Anticipated effects are a reduction in draw opportunity for the above hunts.

2. Elimination of the Mt. Adams 'quality' elk special permit hunt is proposed. This permit opportunity has declined in quality (i.e., hunter success, satisfaction) and has caused conflict among hunters of different weapon types due to overlapping deer general seasons. Anticipated effects are a reduction in quality draw opportunity (five permits).

3. Elimination of the Carlton and West Goat Rocks special permit hunts is proposed. This permit opportunity has declined in quality (i.e., hunter success, satisfaction) and is sensitive to land closures (e.g., because of wildfire) because of the restricted hunt areas. The department is proposing to offset the loss of Quality Elk opportunity in this area by increasing permit opportunity in the South Rainier and Packwood hunts, which offer more flexibility to an individual hunter in hunt area. Anticipated effects are a decreased Quality Bull permit opportunity (reduction in 10 permits), albeit offset by an increase in permit opportunity within the same area (i.e., South Rainier and Packwood hunts).

4. Increased permit levels for Skokomish Bull elk permits. Anticipated effects are an increase in Bull Elk permit opportunity.

5. Reduction of permit levels for Antlerless elk permits in the Mount St. Helens elk herd area (Winston, Coweeman, Lewis River, Washougal, Siouxon, Wind River, West Klickitat) in response to population declines. Anticipated effects are a reduction in Antlerless elk permit opportunity.

6. Elimination of the Forks 65+ Senior Antlerless elk special permit is proposed. The hunt is designed to address conflict elk, but the number of hunters has created crowding and associated landowner complaints. Anticipated effects are a reduction (by 10 permits) of 65+ Senior Antlerless elk special permit draw opportunity.

7. New "incentive" special permits are proposed that are associated with the department's pilot program to incentivize the harvest of elk that display signs of treponeme-associated hoof disease. Anticipated effects are an additional permit opportunity (19 permits) for hunters that participated in the department's elk hoof disease incentive program (https://wdfw.wa.gov/species-habitats/diseases/elk-hoof/incentive-permits).

WAC 220-415-070 2022 Moose seasons, permit quotas, and areas. 1. A change is proposed to exclude Parker Lake from hunt area 49 degrees North. The excluded area is undergoing a large-scale timber harvest that will negatively impact hunt quality. The excluded area will likely be restored in the future. No substantial impact to harvest opportunity is anticipated.

2. A change to the hunt area of the Hangman and Cheney B hunts that expands the hunt area to include GMU 139 is proposed. Anticipated effects are expanded hunting opportunity while assisting the department in addressing moose that occasionally cause conflict.

WAC 220-415-120 2022 Bighorn sheep seasons, permit quotas, and areas. 1. Changes to bighorn sheep permit availability (i.e., permit levels) are proposed to balance hunting opportunity with population status. Elimination of Selah Butte and Umtanum (Yakima bighorn herd) adult ewe, juvenile ram, and youth permits are proposed due to a recent outbreak of bighorn sheep pneumonia. Anticipated effects are a reduction in special permit hunting opportunity for bighorn sheep in the two hunt areas.

2. An adjustment of hunt dates is proposed that increase or maintain the number of open days for some hunts. The anticipated effect of this proposal is a maintenance or increase in hunt opportunity as measured by hunting days.

3. Modification of the hunt area for the Mountain View – Black Butte hunt is proposed to increase the hunt area to include GMUs 186 and portions of GMU 181. Anticipated effects are expanded hunting area for this permit, otherwise no effects are anticipated.

WAC 220-415-130 2022 Mountain goat seasons, permit quotas, and areas. 1. A one-permit reduction in mountain goat permit availability of the Goat Rocks East hunt is proposed to balance hunting opportunity with population status. The anticipated effect of this proposal is a minor reduction in mountain goat special permit opportunity.

2. Suspension of "conflict reduction special permits" are proposed. These permits are in association with a depopulation effort on the Olympic Peninsula. In summer 2022, aerial removal efforts will continue in the current hunt areas. As a result, few, if any, mountain goats are anticipated to remain in the hunt area and hunting opportunity will be poor quality. This change is anticipated to avoid poor hunt quality, at the expense of reduced mountain goat draw opportunity. Future permit opportunity may be reinstated after the aerial removal has concluded if mountain goats remain in accessible locations in the hunt area.

WAC 220-416-060 2021-2022 Migratory gamebird seasons and regulations. Migratory gamebird seasons and regulations are developed based on cooperative management programs among states of the Pacific Flyway and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), considering population status and other biological parameters. The rule establishes migratory gamebird seasons and regulations to provide recreational opportunity, control waterfowl damage, and conserve the migratory gamebird resources of Washington. The proposed changes, if adopted, will:

1. Adjust season dates relative to 2022-2023 calendar dates;

2. Maintain the "liberal regulatory alternative" as prescribed by the Western Mallard Adaptive Harvest Management Protocol for season length and bag-limit for ducks (107 days, up to seven duck bag-limit, including no more than two female mallards);

3. Maintain one-pintail per day bag-limit and associated possession limit per the USFWS Northern Pintail Harvest Strategy;

4. Maintain two-scaup per day bag-limit and associated possession limits, while maintaining an 86-day season length per the optimal regulatory alternative described in adaptive harvest management (AHM) protocol;

5. Evaluate sea duck harvest estimates in relation to the most recent PSAMP aerial survey results for consistency with the Washington department of fish and wildlife (WDFW) sea duck management strategies of less than five percent of the winter index;

6. Decrease the Canada goose (including cackling geese) daily bag-limit in Goose Management Area 2-Coast and Goose Management Area 2-Inland to three Canada geese per day bag-limit and associated possession limits during the regular season;

7. The brant season in Skagit County will start closed as the most recent three-year winter index has fallen below 3,000 brant;

8. Adjusts the nine-day band-tailed pigeon season dates to start and end on a weekend; and

9. Clarifies that mandatory harvest reporting information must be recorded within the designated spaces provided on the harvest record card.

Reasons Supporting Proposal: WAC 220-412-100 Landowner hunting permits. The proposal, if adopted, would adjust the landowner hunting permit WAC to reflect the new proposed permit allocations and season dates for the enrolled properties in the landowner hunting permit program. Date changes and permit allocations are proposed to allow opportunities where populations can handle increased recreational hunting. In addition, proposed adjustments to wording would align language between WAC and Commission Policy C-6002. In reviewing WAC and Policy language, staff realized that there were some discrepancies that could prompt confusion. The landowner hunting permit program is currently outlined in Commission Policy C-6002. Portions of the language in the current version of the WAC deviates from the language within the commission policy and may create confusion among the public and enrolled landowners. Aligning and reestablishing the language to be consistent with the commission policy should provide the necessary clarity and minimize the potential for confusion among the public and enrolled landowners.

WAC 220-415-020 2021-2023 Deer general seasons and definitions. This proposal, if adopted, would provide clarity in WAC to further the department's mandate to provide sustainable recreational hunting opportunities. Date changes are proposed to avoid overlap of hunters of different species/weapon types, avoiding potential hunter dissatisfaction and conflict; or to restore season length to previous levels (i.e., levels set during the preceding three-year cycle). Proposed changes to the GMU list for western Washington black-tailed deer early muzzleloader season is proposed to clarify open units, but no change in open units are proposed.

WAC 220-415-030 2021 Deer special permits. This proposal, if adopted, would provide special permit deer hunting opportunities at levels that avoid overharvest to maintain sustainable general deer hunting season opportunities in 2022 and in the future. The proposal would help address deer agricultural damage problems and provide for deer population control when needed. Reductions in permit levels in Region 1 and Region 2 in the antlerless, youth, 2nd deer, and hunter with disability categories are proposed to assist population recovery of white-tailed deer and mule deer. These changes are proposed in response to hemorrhagic disease outbreaks in eastern Washington during late summer of 2021, which reduced local population abundance. Reductions in Region 2 are also warranted due to concern over poor population productivity. Reductions in Regions 1 and Region 2 Quality or Buck category permit levels are in response to the hemorrhagic disease outbreaks that occurred in late summer 2021, which reduced deer abundance. Reductions are warranted to assist population recovery and to maintain hunt quality (e.g., success, satisfaction). Reductions in permit levels in GMUs 636, 658, 660, 663, and 673 are in response to harvest trends that indicate potential population decline, warranting conservative harvest levels. Inversely, permit increases are in response to harvest statistics that indicate populations that can sustain increased harvest levels or in an effort to address wildlife-landowner conflict issues.

WAC 220-415-040 Elk area descriptions. The proposed boundary change to elk area 3911, if adopted, would allow for continued wildlife-conflict mitigation while addressing concerns from neighboring landowners. The proposed elk area 1054 would help address elk agricultural damage by concentrating harvest pressure where damage is most common, while avoiding harvest of Antlerless elk in areas where population growth is desired.

WAC 220-415-050 2021-2023 Elk general seasons and definitions. The proposed, if adopted, would eliminate overlap between elk general season hunters and deer special permit holders in deer area 5382, thereby maintaining hunt quality for deer special permit holders and minimizing potential conflict between elk general season hunters and deer special permit hunters.

WAC 220-415-060 2021 Elk special permits. This proposal, if adopted, would provide special permit elk hunting opportunities at levels that avoid overharvest to maintain sustainable general elk hunting season opportunities in 2021 and in the future. The proposal would help address elk agricultural damage problems and provide for elk population control when needed. Reductions in permit levels in the Blue Mountains elk herd area (Blue Creek, Tucannon, Wenaha East, Mountain View, Peola) in the Quality and Antlerless categories are in response to reduced population abundance (population estimate was ~35 percent below objective in 2021). The proposed elimination of the Mt. Adams, Carlton, and West Goat Rocks 'quality' elk special permit hunt is in response to a decline in hunt quality and negative hunter feedback regarding hunt satisfaction. Reduction of permit levels for Antlerless elk permits in the Mount St. Helens elk herd area (Winston, Coweeman, Lewis River, Washougal, Siouxon, Wind River, West Klickitat) are proposed because of a documented population decline in the last decade and conservative antlerless harvest is warranted until population surveys indicate increased abundance. The proposed elimination of the Forks 65+ Senior Antlerless elk special permit is in an effort to mitigate hunter crowding and associated landowner complaints. The new "incentive" special permits are associated with the department's pilot program to incentivize the harvest of elk that display signs of treponeme-associated hoof disease. This program is designed to reduce the prevalence of elk hoof disease in western Washington. The proposed 2022 incentive permits, if adopted, would be awarded via random draw to eligible hunters that participated in the program during the 2021 elk hunting seasons.

WAC 220-415-070 2021 Moose seasons, permit quotas, and areas. In accordance with the department's mandate to provide recreational hunting opportunity and preserve, protect, perpetuate, and manage wildlife populations, RCW 77.04.012, this proposal, if adopted, would provide special permit moose hunting opportunities at levels that avoid overharvest to maintain sustainable general moose hunting season opportunities in 2021 and in the future. Exclusion of Parker Lake from hunt area 49 degrees North is due to a large-scale timber harvest operation, which will disturb moose from that area and could result in poor hunt quality for this once-in-a-lifetime hunt. An expanded hunt area in Hangman and Cheney B permit hunts is warranted due to a growing moose population in GMU 139 and a need to help address occasional human-moose conflict.

WAC 220-415-120 2021 Bighorn sheep seasons, permit quotas, and areas. In accordance with the department's mandate to provide recreational hunting opportunity and preserve, protect, perpetuate, and manage wildlife populations, RCW 77.04.012, this proposal, if adopted, would provide special permit bighorn hunting opportunities at levels that avoid overharvest to maintain sustainable general bighorn hunting season opportunities in 2021 and in the future. The proposed elimination of Selah Butte and Umtanum (Yakima bighorn herd) adult ewe, juvenile ram, and youth permits are due to a recent outbreak of bighorn sheep pneumonia. These permits were created in 2019 and modified in 2020 to assist in population reduction as part of a new novel effort to eliminate Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae, the pathogen that causes pneumonia. Unfortunately, an outbreak of pneumonia occurred in 2021 and management efforts must be put on hold until the impact of the outbreak are understood.

WAC 220-415-130 2021 Mountain goat seasons, permit quotas, and areas. In accordance with the department's mandate to provide recreational hunting opportunity and preserve, protect, perpetuate, and manage wildlife populations, RCW 77.04.012, this proposal, if adopted, would provide special permit mountain goat hunting opportunities at levels that avoid overharvest to maintain sustainable general mountain goat hunting season opportunities in 2021 and in the future. A reduction of the Goat Rocks East mountain goat permit hunt is warranted due to concerns of population decline. The "conflict reduction special permits" were originally created to assist a mountain goat depopulation effort on the Olympic Peninsula. In summer 2022, aerial removal efforts will continue in the current hunt areas and few, if any, mountain goats are anticipated to remain in the hunt area, resulting in poor quality hunting opportunity. Future permit opportunity may be reinstated after the aerial removal has concluded if mountain goats remain in accessible locations in the hunt area.

WAC 220-416-060 2021-2022 Migratory gamebird seasons and regulations. Migratory gamebird season frameworks are established through ongoing interagency management programs involving USFWS and flyway organizations, including input from Canada, Russia, and Mexico. Federal frameworks include maximum bag limits, season lengths, season timing, and other regulations. Pacific Flyway season frameworks follow harvest strategies and management plans that have been developed cooperatively by USFWS and the Pacific Flyway Council. All states adopt waterfowl seasons within federal frameworks, and in many cases, they are more restrictive to address regional conservation needs. Management agencies utilize AHM to establish duck season frameworks. AHM relies on annual survey information and population models to prescribe optimal regulation packages each year. The population of ducks in the western part of North America is managed separately from the eastern flyways, as part of the models developed for western mallard AHM. Western mallard AHM uses results from breeding surveys and other information from western areas rather than from the Canadian prairies, recognizing differences in Pacific Flyway breeding areas. The season packages proposed for western mallard AHM are the same as developed under mid-continent mallard AHM (liberal, moderate, and restrictive), although different models are used to prescribe annual packages. No surveys of the breeding waterfowl were conducted due to COVID-19 and travel restrictions, however assessments of duck populations based on the most recent trends recommended status quo in season dates and bag-limit structure to those offered during the 2021-22 migratory gamebird seasons. Northern pintail status remained below population objective, maintaining a daily bag limit of one pintail per the USFWS Northern Pintail Harvest Strategy. Additionally, based on the most recent scaup status, the optimal regulatory alternative described in AHM protocol, requires a restrictive regulatory alternative, maintaining the daily bag limit to two scaup per day, but maintains the 86-day season length. Since June 2013, prescriptive guidelines inform sea duck harvest strategies with harvest rate targets of less than five percent or less of the winter index as measured by aerial surveys (PSAMP) conducted by WDFW. Updated information from this aerial survey will be available in late February for current assessment of harvest rates. The Pacific Flyway Council's management plan for cackling goose (Branta hutchinsii minima) directs impacted states to implement regulatory actions to regain the population objective, when the three-year average population index falls below 225,000 geese. The most recent three-year average for this population is 206,763 prompting Washington, Oregon and Alaska to recommend reduced bag limits in high-harvest regions of the Pacific Flyway to regain the objective. In Washington, Goose Management Area 2-Coast and Goose Management Area 2-Inland account for the highest harvest of cackling goose (B. h. minima). The mandatory harvest report cards provide improved estimates of total harvest for species and harvest effort in discrete or limited zones of Washington, where traditional methods are not capable of producing reliable or precise estimates of harvest. Harvest record cards are designed to improve how harvest reporting information is recorded and for the enforcement of the harvest restrictions in these specific cases. Specifying harvest in the designated spaces on the card clarifies intent and reduces potential confusion by users.

Statutory Authority for Adoption: RCW 77.04.012, 77.04.055, 77.12.047, and 77.12.240.

Statute Being Implemented: RCW 77.04.012, 77.04.055, 77.12.047, and 77.12.240

Rule is not necessitated by federal law, federal or state court decision.

Name of Proponent: WDFW, governmental.

Name of Agency Personnel Responsible for Drafting and Implementation: Eric Gardner, 1111 Washington Street S.E., Olympia, WA 98501, 360-902-2515; Enforcement: Steve Bear, 1111 Washington Street S.E., Olympia, WA 98501, 360-902-2373.

A school district fiscal impact statement is not required under RCW 28A.305.135.

A cost-benefit analysis is not required under RCW 34.05.328. This proposal does not require a cost-benefit analysis under RCW 34.05.328.

This rule proposal, or portions of the proposal, is exempt from requirements of the Regulatory Fairness Act because the proposal:

Is exempt under RCW 19.85.025(3) as the rules only correct typographical errors, make address or name changes, or clarify language of a rule without changing its effect.

Is exempt under RCW 19.85.025(4).

Explanation of exemptions: Proposed rule does not affect small businesses.

February 1, 2022

Annie Szvetecz

Rule Coordinator

OTS-3579.1

OTS-3580.1

OTS-3581.2