WSR 22-14-091
PERMANENT RULES
BUILDING CODE COUNCIL
[Filed July 1, 2022, 3:02 p.m., effective July 1, 2023]
Effective Date of Rule: July 1, 2023.
Purpose: Adoption of the 2021 Washington State Energy Code, Commercial provisions under chapter 51-11C WAC.
Citation of Rules Affected by this Order: New chapter 51-11C WAC, 31 sections; and amending chapter 51-11C WAC, 150 sections.
Adopted under notice filed as WSR 22-02-076 on January 5, 2022.
Changes Other than Editing from Proposed to Adopted Version: Section C103.2: In the required documentation section, added a reference to Section C501 for existing buildings.
Definition of building thermal envelope was modified for clarity and to conform with all types of space included under Section C402.1.1.
Definitions of commercial boiler and process boiler were removed based on changes to Section C403.3.4. They were replaced by the new definition process application. These changes bring the code closer to the language that will be adopted by the ICC in 2024.
Definition of dedicated outdoor air system was modified for clarity; it is allowable for the ventilation system to be integrated with HVAC ductwork as long as the systems are not interlocked.
Definition of demand control kitchen ventilation was simplified for clarity.
Definitions of multi-pass and single-pass were modified to include heat pump for clarity.
Definition of unconditioned space was modified for clarity and to conform with all types of space included under Section C402.1.1.
Section C401.2: New section C412 was added to the list as mandatory for the prescriptive and outcome-based compliance methods.
Section C401.2.2: Reference to the new boiler requirements was added to the process equipment section.
Table C402.1.3: Option 1 was struck and the proposed changes to the CMU footnote c were not adopted.
Table C402.1.4: Option 1 was struck and the proposed changes to the CMU footnote d were not adopted.
Section C402.5.2: Modification to clarify the requirements for units exceeding the air leakage target for both individual units and sample testing.
Section C403.1: Reference to the new boiler requirements was added to the process equipment exception.
Section C403.1.4: The first exception for the heat pump space heating requirement was modified to remove the proposed second sentence as it is redundant to the first sentence and unnecessary.
The second exception was edited for clarity.
Exception 18 was added based on public testimony that hospitals are required to provide redundant backup systems; it was felt that since the requirement for redundant backup heating applied to both Group I-2 and I-3 occupancies, both should be included in the exception.
Section C403.3.2.3: The second sentence of Exception 4 was struck. The information is now included in the efficiency table for air to water heat pumps, Table C403.3.2(15).
Tables C403.3.2(1) and C403.3.2(2): These tables were modified to delete the requirements for efficiency ratings prior to January 1, 2023, as this code will go into effect after that date.
Table C403.3.2(15): The missing footnotes were added to the table.
Section C403.3.4.3: This section was modified to clean up the language and provide a clearer separation between process and nonprocess boilers. An exception was added for multifamily buildings as these were not found to be cost effective in a Title 24 case study.
Table C403.3.4.3: This table was modified to coordinate with the changes made to the charging section, and the column heading for oxygen concentration was corrected.
Section C403.3.5.1: This section was modified for clarity, and Exception 3 was provided with a pointer to the requirements for sensible recovery effectiveness.
Section C403.3.8.1: Exception 4 was corrected to cite the cooling plant equipment manufacturer's instructions.
Section C403.3.8.2: Exception 2 was modified to reflect the correct cfm threshold and clarify what exemption applies.
Section C403.5: A second Group R economizer exception 1b. was added for Group R occupancies with ERVs with a higher effectiveness than required by the base code. This will allow for some small PTHP units with inverter driven compressors that cannot comply with the efficiency requirements of Exception 5. Exception 5 was modified to list the applicable efficiency tables.
Section C403.7.1.1: The first sentence was corrected, as both conditions apply. The thresholds for DCV in Exception 4 were increased for small rooms, based on testimony from the proponent that the lower threshold was too aggressive.
Section C403.7.1.2: The exceptions to this section were revised for clarity.
Section C403.7.6: This section was modified to correct the language from an "or" statement to an "and" statement.
Section C403.7.6.1: This section was modified to reference the outdoor air requirements in the International Mechanical Code and testing criteria was added to correlate with Section C403.7.6.2.
Section C403.7.6.2: This section was modified to include energy recovery effectiveness requirements to align with the requirements in C403.3.5.1.
Section C404.2: Option 2 for heat pump water heating requirements was selected and the language under Option 1 was removed.
Section C404.2.1: This section was modified to allow for a backup gas water heating system, and two additional exceptions were added: One for low-carbon district energy systems and one for Group I-2 and I-3 facilities required to provide backup redundant systems.
Section C404.2.1.1: This section was modified to reduce the required heat pump capacity by half, allowing the difference to be made up by a complying supplemental system, including gas water heating. The remaining subsections were modified to remove specifications for electric resistance backup and insert an allowance for fossil fuel.
Section C404.2.1.4: This section was modified to remove redundant language in Item 4.2. The testing conditions are already stated in the testing standard.
Section C404.2.1.5: The title for this section was changed from alarms to system fault detection for clarity.
Table C404.2: Missing footnotes were reapplied to the table, along with a new footnote pointer to the heat pump water heater requirements in Section C404.2.1.
Section C405.2.1: This section was revised to include the original recommended language as noted in the full summary of changes in the CR-102. The applicable control requirements by use type are now shown in a table format.
Section C405.2.8.3: The phrase "from full output" was removed from the last sentence to eliminate confusion.
Section C405.2.9.3: This is also an errata clean up changes as noted in the full summary of changes in the CR-102. "All of" was struck from the first sentence and the list was reordered.
Section C405.3: Based on public testimony, specifications were added on how to measure the efficacy of plant lighting.
Table C405.4.2(2): An erroneous footnote i was removed from the Common Space-by-Space Types table heading.
Table C405.5.3(3): The first row title was changed from base site allowance to the correct building façade title.
Section C405.9.2.1: The proposed second sentence of this section pertaining to escalator design was removed via ICC errata.
Section C406.1: The exceptions for low energy spaces (1) and building additions (2) were revised to reflect a percentage of base credits rather than specifying a number of credits, as the credits vary by building use.
Section C406.1.1.1: "On-site" was removed from the title of this section as the code now has provisions for the use of off-site renewable energy.
Section C406.1.2: This section was revised for clarity on application to buildings with different lighting power allowances in different areas.
WAC 51-11C-40602, Section C406.2: This section was erroneously retained from the 2018 code and the requirements here are duplicated under the new WAC number. The requirements are located under WAC 51-11C-40620, Section C406.2.
Table C406.2:
Item 3: The credits were adjusted up based on updated energy calculations.
Items 5 and 6: The titles were simplified for clarity.
Item 17: The rule was proposed with two options for Item 17 based on the adoption of heat pump water heater requirements. Although a revised version of the heat pump water heater requirements were adopted, the Council elected to provide the full credit value as if the measure was not adopted.
Item 21: PNNL provided credit values for the high performance service hot water temperature maintenance system after modeling and calculations with the credits each represent 0.1 percent of emission reduction compared to total building baseline emissions.
Footnote e: This footnote was modified to clarify that the credit could not be taken if refrigeration recovery is required by Section C403.9.2.3.
Equation 4-15 (Section C406.2.2.2.2): The equation was modified to include methods for calculating the cooling efficiency improvement.
Equation 4-16 (Section C406.2.2.3.2): The equation was modified to include a method of calculating heating efficiency improvement.
Section C406.2.3: Editorial changes for clarity; correction of section numbering.
Section C406.2.4.1: Item 2 was modified to specify that a minimum of two switched receptacles are required for this credit.
Section C406.2.4.2: The language for prorating of credits changed "tuned lighted floor area" to the clarified "Floor area with high end trim."
Equation 4-17 (Section C406.2.5): The equation was converted to SI units and corrected to account for all renewable energy types.
Section C406.2.6: The section was modified for clarity.
Section C406.2.6.2: The terminology was corrected from "water-cooled chiller systems" to "condenser water systems."
Section C406.2.6.3: Option 1 was removed, as Option 2 and the requirements in Section C404.2, Option 2 were selected to go forward.
Section C406.2.6.3.1: The section was modified to remove the initial specification for air-source heat pump technology, as it conflicted with later requirements for water-source heat pump specifications.
Section C406.2.9: The language in this section was simplified for clarity.
Section C406.2.12: The language in this section was simplified for clarity.
Section C406.2.13: This section with its subsections was reformatted to remove redundant testing procedures already specified in Section C402. Sections C406.2.13.1 and C406.2.13.2 (previously C406.2.13.2 and C406.2.13.3) were reworded to reference a percentage reduction of the maximum leakage allowed in C402 rather than a specific rate.
Sections C406.2.15, C406.2.16: These sections were revised to specify that 90 percent of appliances comply with Energy Star ratings, rather than all, based on testimony that in some cases there may not be any accessible appliances that meet the rating.
Section C406.2.17: This section contains the same revision from all to 90 percent of the installed dryers comply. In addition, the language was simplified and an allowance for a mix of in-unit and central laundry rooms was added.
Section C406.3: This section was modified to add an additional sentence to define "peak period." There were also some editorial changes for clarity.
Section C406.3.2: The language in this section was simplified for clarity.
Section C406.3.4: The calculation for prorating credits was corrected.
Sections C406.3.5, C406.3.6: The language in these sections was simplified for clarity and reference to pricing was removed.
Table C407.2: New sections missing from the mandatory compliance table were added. These include C403.1.4, Use of electric resistance and fossil fuel-fired HVAC heating equipment; C411, Renewable energy (title change only); and C412, Compressed air systems. A footnote was also added to C411 to clarify that compliance with this section also includes any exceptions.
Section C407.3: Item 2.2 was modified to include a sentence noting that renewable energy production is to be subtracted from the proposed building annual site energy use.
Sections C407.3.3.1, C407.3.3.2: Item 3 in both sections was modified to clarify the intent.
Tables C407.3(2) and C407.3(3): Both tables were updated based on the changes to the electricity carbon emissions factors and the limitations on fossil fuel space and water heating. The column title for the second column in Table C407.3(3) was also corrected.
Section C409.4.3: Minor editorial change to the last sentence for clarity.
Section C411.1: The redundant language in Exception 3 was replaced with a requirement to document lack of roof area.
Section C411.1.1: This section was reformatted for clarity.
Section C411.2.1: This section was reformatted and the section references were corrected. The numbering of associated table was also corrected.
Section C411.3.1: This section was modified to include exemption of service clearances from the roof area calculation.
Section C503.2: The requirements for change in space conditioning were moved to Section C505 and should have been struck.
Section C503.4: Option 2 was selected to move forward, so option 1 language was struck.
Section C503.4.3: This section was modified to correlate with the DOAS exceptions to the economizer requirements.
Table C503.4.6: Item 4 was modified to specify 80 percent of served coils.
Section C503.5: Options 1 and 2 were merged in the final adopted version. The exceptions to the section were reformatted slightly for clarity.
Table D601.10.1: Systems 3 and 4 were modified to clarify that they include split systems.
Table D601.10.2: VAV and DOAS systems were added to the list of system types for direct expansion coil number of stages and furnace efficiency. Adds variable flow primary and secondary to heating water loop configuration and chilled water loop configuration. Heating plant loop and water loop temperature control is added as a parameter that is available for credit.
A final cost-benefit analysis is available by contacting Stoyan Bumbalov, 1500 Jefferson [Street] S.E., P.O. Box 41449, Olympia, WA 98504-1449, phone 360-407-9277, email Stoyan.bumbalov@des.wa.gov, website sbcc.wa.gov.
Number of Sections Adopted in Order to Comply with Federal Statute: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0; Federal Rules or Standards: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0; or Recently Enacted State Statutes: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0.
Number of Sections Adopted at the Request of a Nongovernmental Entity: New 31, Amended 150, Repealed 0.
Number of Sections Adopted on the Agency's own Initiative: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0.
Number of Sections Adopted in Order to Clarify, Streamline, or Reform Agency Procedures: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0.
Number of Sections Adopted using Negotiated Rule Making: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0; Pilot Rule Making: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0; or Other Alternative Rule Making: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0.
Date Adopted: April 22, 2022.
Tony Doan
Council Chair
OTS-3533.3
Chapter 51-11C WAC
STATE BUILDING CODE ADOPTION AND AMENDMENT OF THE ((2018))2021 EDITION OF THE INTERNATIONAL ENERGY CONSERVATION CODE, COMMERCIAL
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-10100Section C101—Scope and general requirements.
C101.1 Title. This code shall be known as the Washington State Energy Code, and shall be cited as such. It is referred to herein as "this code."
The 2021 edition of the Washington State Energy Code is hereby adopted. The Washington State Energy Code adopted under chapter 51-11C WAC shall become effective in all counties and cities of this state on July 1, 2023.
C101.2 Scope. This code applies to commercial buildings and the buildings sites and associated systems and equipment. References in this code to Group R shall include Group I-1, Condition 2 assisted living facilities licensed by Washington state under chapter 388-78A WAC and Group I-1, Condition 2 residential treatment facilities licensed by Washington state under chapter 246-337 WAC. Building areas that contain Group R sleeping units, regardless of the number of stories in height, are required to comply with the commercial sections of the energy code.
EXCEPTION: | The provisions of this code do not apply to temporary growing structures used solely for the commercial production of horticultural plants including ornamental plants, flowers, vegetables, and fruits. A temporary growing structure is not considered a building for the purposes of this code. However, the installation of other than listed, portable mechanical equipment or listed, portable lighting fixtures is not allowed. |
C101.3 Intent. This code shall regulate the design and construction of buildings for the use and conservation of energy over the life of each building. This code is intended to provide flexibility to permit the use of innovative approaches and techniques to achieve this objective. This code is not intended to abridge safety, health or environmental requirements contained in other applicable codes or ordinances.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-10200Section C102—Alternative materials, design and methods of construction and equipment.
C102.1 General. The provisions of this code are not intended to prevent the installation of any material, or to prohibit any design or method of construction not specifically prescribed by this code, provided that any such alternative has been approved. ((An alternative material, design or method of construction shall be approved where))The code official shall have the authority to approve an alternate material, design or method of construction upon the written application of the owner or the owner's authorized agent. The code officialshall first find((s)) that the proposed design is satisfactory and complies with the intent of the provisions of this code, and that the material, method or work offered is, for the purpose intended, not less than the equivalent of that prescribed in this code in quality, strength, effectiveness, fire resistance, durability, energy conservation, and safety. ((Where the alternative material, design or method of construction is not approved,))The code official shall respond to the applicant, in writing, stating the reasons why the alternative was approved or was not approved.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-10300Section C103—Construction documents.
C103.1 General. Construction documents and other supporting data shall be submitted in one or more sets, or in a digital format where allowed by the building official, with each application for a permit. The construction documents shall be prepared by a registered design professional where required by the statutes of the jurisdiction in which the project is to be constructed. Where special conditions exist, the code official is authorized to require necessary construction documents to be prepared by a registered design professional.
EXCEPTION: | The code official is authorized to waive the requirements for construction documents or other supporting data if the code official determines they are not necessary to confirm compliance with this code. |
C103.2 Information on construction documents. Construction documents shall be drawn to scale upon suitable material. Electronic media documents are permitted to be submitted when approved by the code official. Construction documents shall be of sufficient clarity to indicate the location, nature and extent of the work proposed, and show in sufficient detail pertinent data and features of the building, systems and equipment as herein governed. Details shall include, but are not limited to, as applicable:
1. Energy compliance path per Section C401 or C501.
2. Insulation materials and their R-values.
((2.))3. Fenestration U-factors and SHGCs.
((3.))4. Area-weighted U-factor and SHGC calculations.
((4.))5. Mechanical system design criteria.
((5.))6. Mechanical and service water heating system and equipment types, sizes and efficiencies.
((6.))7. Economizer description.
((7.))8. Equipment and systems controls.
((8.))9. Fan motor horsepower (hp) and controls.
((9.))10. Duct sealing, duct and pipe insulation and location.
((10.))11. Lighting fixture schedule with wattage and control narrative.
((11.))12. Location of daylight zones on floor plan.
((12.))13. Air barrier details including all air barrier boundaries and associated square foot calculations on all six sides of the air barrier as applicable.
C103.2.1 Building thermal envelope depiction. The building's thermal envelope shall be represented on the construction documents.
C103.3 Examination of documents. The code official shall examine or cause to be examined the accompanying construction documents and shall ascertain whether the construction indicated and described is in accordance with the requirements of this code and other pertinent laws or ordinances.
C103.3.1 Approval of construction documents. When the code official issues a permit where construction documents are required, the construction documents shall be endorsed in writing and stamped "Reviewed for Code Compliance." Such approved construction documents shall not be changed, modified or altered without authorization from the code official. Work shall be done in accordance with the approved construction documents.
One set of construction documents so reviewed shall be retained by the code official. The other set shall be returned to the applicant, kept at the site of work and shall be open to inspection by the code official or a duly authorized representative.
C103.3.2 Previous approvals. This code shall not require changes in the construction documents, construction or designated occupancy of a structure for which a lawful permit has been heretofore issued or otherwise lawfully authorized, and the construction of which has been pursued in good faith within 180 days after the effective date of this code and has not been abandoned.
C103.3.3 Phased approval. The code official shall have the authority to issue a permit for the construction of part of an energy conservation system before the construction documents for the entire system have been submitted or approved, provided adequate information and detailed statements have been filed complying with all pertinent requirements of this code. The holders of such permit shall proceed at their own risk without assurance that the permit for the entire energy conservation system will be granted.
C103.4 Amended construction documents. Changes made during construction that are not in compliance with the approved construction documents shall be resubmitted for approval as an amended set of construction documents.
C103.5 Retention of construction documents. One set of approved construction documents shall be retained by the code official for a period of not less than 180 days from date of completion of the permitted work, or as required by state or local laws.
C103.6 Building documentation and close out submittal requirements. The construction documents shall specify that the documents described in this section be provided to the building owner or owner's authorized agent within a maximum of 90 days of the date of receipt of the certificate of occupancy.
C103.6.1 Record documents. Construction documents shall be updated by the installing contractor and architect or engineer of record to convey a record of the completed work. Such updates shall include building envelope, mechanical, plumbing, electrical and control drawings red-lined, or redrawn if specified, that show all changes to size, type and locations of components, equipment and assemblies. Record documents shall include the location and model number of each piece of equipment as installed. The architect, engineer of record or installing contractor is required to provide consolidated record drawings in compliance with this section to the building owner or owner's authorized agent with the timeline specified in Section C103.6.
C103.6.2 Building operations and maintenance information. Required regular maintenance actions for equipment and systems shall be clearly stated on a readily visible label on the equipment. The label shall include the title or publication number for the operation and maintenance manual for that particular model and type of product and the manufacture date or installation date.
C103.6.2.1 Manuals. An operating and maintenance manual shall be provided for each component, device, piece of equipment, and system governed by this code. The manual shall include all of the following:
1. Submittal data indicating all selected options for each piece of equipment and control devices.
2. Manufacturer's operation manuals and maintenance manuals for each device, piece of equipment, and system requiring maintenance, except equipment not furnished as part of the project. Required routine maintenance actions, cleaning and recommended relamping shall be clearly identified.
3. Name and address of at least one service agency.
4. Controls system inspection schedule, maintenance and calibration information, wiring diagrams, schematics, and control sequence descriptions. A schedule for inspecting and recalibrating all lighting controls. Desired or field-determined setpoints shall be permanently recorded on control drawings at control devices or, for digital control systems, on the graphic where settings may be changed.
5. A narrative of how each system is intended to operate, including recommended setpoints. Sequence of operation alone is not acceptable for this requirement.
C103.6.3 Compliance documentation. All energy code compliance forms and calculations shall be delivered in one document to the building owner as part of the project record documents or manuals, or as a standalone document. This document shall include the specific energy code year utilized for compliance determination for each system. NFRC certificates for the installed windows, list of total area for each NFRC certificate, the interior lighting power compliance path (building area, space-by-space) used to calculate the lighting power allowance.
For projects complying with Section C401.2 Item 1, the documentation shall include:
1. The envelope insulation compliance path (prescriptive or component performance).
2. All completed code compliance forms, and all compliance calculations including, but not limited to, those required by sections C402.1.5, C403.2.12.1, C405.4, and C405.5.
For projects complying with Section C401.2 Item 2, the documentation shall include:
1. A list of all proposed envelope component types, areas and U-values.
2. A list of all lighting area types with areas, lighting power allowance, and installed lighting power density.
3. A list of each HVAC system modeled with the assigned and proposed system type.
4. Electronic copies of the baseline and proposed model input and output file. The input files shall be in a format suitable for rerunning the model and shall not consist solely of formatted reports of the inputs.
C103.6.4 Systems operation training. Training of the maintenance staff for equipment included in the manuals required by Section C103.6.2 shall include at a minimum:
1. Review of manuals and permanent certificate.
2. Hands-on demonstration of all normal maintenance procedures, normal operating modes, and all emergency shutdown and start-up procedures.
3. Training completion report.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-10400Section C104—((Inspections))Fees.
((C104.1 General. Construction or work for which a permit is required shall be subject to inspection by the code official, his or her designated agent, or an approved agency, and such construction or work shall remain visible and able to be accessed for inspection purposes until approved. Approval as a result of an inspection shall not be construed to be an approval of a violation of the provisions of this code or of other ordinances of the jurisdiction. Inspections presuming to give authority to violate or cancel the provisions of this code or of other ordinances of the jurisdiction shall not be valid. It shall be the duty of the permit applicant to cause the work to remain visible and able to be accessed for inspection purposes. Neither the code official nor the jurisdiction shall be liable for expense entailed in the removal or replacement of any material, product, system or building component required to allow inspection to validate compliance with this code.
C104.2 Required inspections. The code official, his or her designated agent, or an approved agency, upon notification, shall make the inspections set forth in Sections C104.2.1 through C104.2.6.
C104.2.1 Footing and foundation insulation. Inspections shall verify footing and/or foundation insulation R-value, location, thickness, depth of burial and protection of insulation as required by the code, approved plans and specifications.
C104.2.2 Thermal envelope. Inspections shall be made before application of interior finish and shall verify that envelope components with the correct type of insulation, the R-values, the correct location of insulation, the correct fenestration, the U-factor, SHGC, VT, and air leakage controls are properly installed as required by the code, approved plans and specifications, including envelope components in future tenant spaces of multitenant buildings.
C104.2.3 Plumbing system. Inspections shall verify the type of insulation, the R-values, the protection required, controls, and heat traps as required by the code, approved plans and specifications.
C104.2.4 Mechanical system. Inspections shall verify the installed HVAC equipment for the correct type and size, controls, duct and piping insulation R-values, duct system and damper air leakage, minimum fan efficiency, energy recovery and economizer as required by the code, approved plans and specifications.
C104.2.5 Electrical system. Inspections shall verify lighting system controls, components, meters, motors and installation of an electric meter for each dwelling unit as required by the code, approved plans and specifications.
C104.2.6 Final inspection. The final inspection shall include verification of the installation and proper operation of all required building controls, and documentation verifying activities associated with required building commissioning have been conducted in accordance with Section C408.
C104.3 Reinspection. A building shall be reinspected when determined necessary by the code official.
C104.4 Approved inspection agencies. The code official is authorized to accept reports of approved inspection agencies, provided such agencies satisfy the requirements as to qualifications and reliability relevant to the building components and systems they are inspecting.
C104.5 Inspection requests. It shall be the duty of the holder of the permit or their duly authorized agent to notify the code official when work is ready for inspection. It shall be the duty of the permit holder to provide access to and means for inspections of such work that are required by this code.
C104.6 Reinspection and testing. Where any work or installation does not pass an initial test or inspection, the necessary corrections shall be made so as to achieve compliance with this code. The work or installation shall then be resubmitted to the code official for inspection and testing.
C104.7 Approval. After the prescribed tests and inspections indicate that the work complies in all respects with this code, a notice of approval shall be issued by the code official.
C104.7.1 Revocation. The code official is authorized to, in writing, suspend or revoke a notice of approval issued under the provisions of this code wherever the certificate is issued in error, or on the basis of incorrect information supplied, or where it is determined that the building or structure, premise, or portion thereof is in violation of any ordinance or regulation or any of the provisions of this code.))
C104.1 Fees. A permit shall not be issued until the fees prescribed in Section C104.2 have been paid, nor shall an amendment to a permit be released until the additional fee, if any, has been paid.
C104.2 Schedule of permit fees. A fee for each permit shall be paid as required, in accordance with the schedule as established by the applicable governing authority.
C104.3 Work commencing before permit issuance. Any person who commences any work before obtaining the necessary permits shall be subject to an additional fee established by the code official, which shall be in addition to the required permit fees.
C104.4 Related fees. The payment of the fee for the construction, alteration, removal or demolition of work done in connection to or concurrently with the work or activity authorized by a permit shall not relieve the applicant or holder of the permit from the payment of other fees that are prescribed by law.
C104.5 Refunds. The code official is authorized to establish a refund policy.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 13-04-056, filed 2/1/13, effective 7/1/13)
WAC 51-11C-10500Section C105—((Validity))Inspections.
C105.1 General.((If a portion of this code is held to be illegal or void, such a decision shall not affect the validity of the remainder of this code.))Construction or work for which a permit is required shall be subject to inspection by the code official, his or her designated agent, or an approved agency, and such construction or work shall remain visible and able to be accessed for inspection purposes until approved. Approval as a result of an inspection shall not be construed to be an approval of a violation of the provisions of this code or of other ordinances of the jurisdiction. Inspections presuming to give authority to violate or cancel the provisions of this code or of other ordinances of the jurisdiction shall not be valid. It shall be the duty of the permit applicant to cause the work to remain visible and able to be accessed for inspection purposes. Neither the code official nor the jurisdiction shall be liable for expense entailed in the removal or replacement of any material, product, system or building component required to allow inspection to validate compliance with this code.
C105.2 Required inspections. The code official, his or her designated agent, or an approved agency, upon notification, shall make the inspections set forth in Sections C105.2.1 through C105.2.6.
C105.2.1 Footing and foundation insulation. Inspections shall verify footing and/or foundation insulation R-value, location, thickness, depth of burial and protection of insulation as required by the code, approved plans and specifications.
C105.2.2 Thermal envelope. Inspections shall be made before application of interior finish and shall verify that envelope components with the correct type of insulation, the R-values, the correct location of insulation, the correct fenestration, the U-factor, SHGC, VT, and air leakage controls are properly installed as required by the code, approved plans and specifications, including envelope components in future tenant spaces of multitenant buildings.
C105.2.3 Plumbing system. Inspections shall verify the type of insulation, the R-values, the protection required, controls, and heat traps as required by the code, approved plans and specifications.
C105.2.4 Mechanical system. Inspections shall verify the installed HVAC equipment for the correct type and size, controls, duct and piping insulation R-values, duct system and damper air leakage, minimum fan efficiency, energy recovery and economizer as required by the code, approved plans and specifications.
C105.2.5 Electrical system. Inspections shall verify lighting system controls, components, meters, motors and installation of an electric meter for each dwelling unit as required by the code, approved plans and specifications.
C105.2.6 Final inspection. The final inspection shall include verification of the installation and proper operation of all required building controls, and documentation verifying activities associated with required building commissioning have been conducted in accordance with Section C408.
C105.3 Reinspection. A building shall be reinspected when determined necessary by the code official.
C105.4 Approved inspection agencies. The code official is authorized to accept reports of approved inspection agencies, provided such agencies satisfy the requirements as to qualifications and reliability relevant to the building components and systems they are inspecting.
C105.5 Inspection requests. It shall be the duty of the holder of the permit or their duly authorized agent to notify the code official when work is ready for inspection. It shall be the duty of the permit holder to provide access to and means for inspections of such work that are required by this code.
C105.6 Reinspection and testing. Where any work or installation does not pass an initial test or inspection, the necessary corrections shall be made so as to achieve compliance with this code. The work or installation shall then be resubmitted to the code official for inspection and testing.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-03-072, filed 1/19/16, effective 7/1/16)
WAC 51-11C-10600Section C106—((Referenced standards))Notice of approval.
((C106.1 Referenced codes and standards. The codes and standards referenced in this code shall be those listed in Chapter 5, and such codes and standards shall be considered as part of the requirements of this code to the prescribed extent of each such reference and as further regulated in Sections C106.1.1 and C106.1.2.
C106.1.1 Conflicts. Where differences occur between provisions of this code and referenced codes and standards, the provisions of this code shall apply.
C106.1.2 Provisions in referenced codes and standards. Where the extent of the reference to a referenced code or standard includes subject matter that is within the scope of this code, the provisions of this code, as applicable, shall take precedence over the provisions in the referenced code or standard.
C106.2Application of references. References to chapter or section numbers, or to provisions not specifically identified by number, shall be construed to refer to such chapter, section or provision of this code.
C106.3 Other laws. The provisions of this code shall not be deemed to nullify any provisions of local, state or federal law. In addition to the requirements of this code, all occupancies shall conform to the provisions included in the State Building Code (chapter 19.27 RCW). In case of conflicts among the codes enumerated in RCW 19.27.031 (1) through (4) and this code, an earlier named code shall govern over those following. In the case of conflict between the duct sealing and insulation requirements of this code and the duct insulation requirements of Sections 603 and 604 of the International Mechanical Code, the duct insulation requirements of this code, or where applicable, a local jurisdiction's energy code shall govern.))
C106.1 Approval. After the prescribed tests and inspections indicate that the work complies in all respects with this code, a notice of approval shall be issued by the code official.
C106.2 Revocation. The code official is authorized to, in writing, suspend or revoke a notice of approval issued under the provisions of this code wherever the certificate is issued in error, or on the basis of incorrect information supplied, or where it is determined that the building or structure, premise, or portion thereof is in violation of any ordinance or regulation or any of the provisions of this code.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 13-04-056, filed 2/1/13, effective 7/1/13)
WAC 51-11C-10700Section C107—((Fees))Validity.
((C107.1 Fees. A permit shall not be issued until the fees prescribed in Section C107.2 have been paid, nor shall an amendment to a permit be released until the additional fee, if any, has been paid.
C107.2 Schedule of permit fees. A fee for each permit shall be paid as required, in accordance with the schedule as established by the applicable governing authority.
C107.3 Work commencing before permit issuance. Any person who commences any work before obtaining the necessary permits shall be subject to an additional fee established by the code official, which shall be in addition to the required permit fees.
C107.4 Related fees. The payment of the fee for the construction, alteration, removal or demolition of work done in connection to or concurrently with the work or activity authorized by a permit shall not relieve the applicant or holder of the permit from the payment of other fees that are prescribed by law.
C107.5 Refunds. The code official is authorized to establish a refund policy.))
C107.1 General. If a portion of this code is held to be illegal or void, such a decision shall not affect the validity of the remainder of this code.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-03-072, filed 1/19/16, effective 7/1/16)
WAC 51-11C-10800Section C108—((Stop work order))Referenced standards.
((C108.1 Authority. Whenever the code official finds any work regulated by this code being performed in a manner either contrary to the provisions of this code or dangerous or unsafe, the code official is authorized to issue a stop work order.
C108.2 Issuance. The stop work order shall be in writing and shall be given to the owner of the property involved, or to the owner's agent, or to the person doing the work. Upon issuance of a stop work order, the cited work shall immediately cease. The stop work order shall state the reason for the order, and the conditions under which the cited work will be permitted to resume.
C108.3 Emergencies. Where an emergency exists, the code official shall not be required to give a written notice prior to stopping the work.
C108.4 Failure to comply. Any person who shall continue any work after having been served with a stop work order, except such work as that person is directed to perform to remove a violation or unsafe condition, shall be liable to a fine as set by the applicable governing authority.))
C108.1 Referenced codes and standards. The codes and standards referenced in this code shall be those listed in Chapter 5, and such codes and standards shall be considered as part of the requirements of this code to the prescribed extent of each such reference and as further regulated in Sections C108.1.1 and C108.1.2.
C108.1.1 Conflicts. Where differences occur between provisions of this code and referenced codes and standards, the provisions of this code shall apply.
C108.1.2 Provisions in referenced codes and standards. Where the extent of the reference to a referenced code or standard includes subject matter that is within the scope of this code, the provisions of this code, as applicable, shall take precedence over the provisions in the referenced code or standard.
C108.2 Application of references. References to chapter or section numbers, or to provisions not specifically identified by number, shall be construed to refer to such chapter, section, or provision of this code.
C108.3 Other laws. The provisions of this code shall not be deemed to nullify any provisions of local, state, or federal law. In addition to the requirements of this code, all occupancies shall conform to the provisions included in the State Building Code (chapter 19.27 RCW). In case of conflicts among the codes enumerated in RCW 19.27.031 (1) through (4) and this code, an earlier named code shall govern over those following. In the case of conflict between the duct sealing and insulation requirements of this code and the duct insulation requirements of Sections 603 and 604 of the International Mechanical Code, the duct insulation requirements of this code, or where applicable, a local jurisdiction's energy code shall govern. AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 13-04-056, filed 2/1/13, effective 7/1/13)
WAC 51-11C-10900Section C109—((Board of appeals))Stop work order.
((C109.1 General. In order to hear and decide appeals of orders, decisions or determinations made by the code official relative to the application and interpretation of this code, there shall be and is hereby created a board of appeals. The code official shall be an ex officio member of said board but shall have no vote on any matter before the board. The board of appeals shall be appointed by the governing body and shall hold office at its pleasure. The board shall adopt rules of procedure for conducting its business, and shall render all decisions and findings in writing to the appellant with a duplicate copy to the code official.
C109.2 Limitations on authority. An application for appeal shall be based on a claim that the true intent of this code or the rules legally adopted thereunder have been incorrectly interpreted, the provisions of this code do not fully apply or an equally good or better form of construction is proposed. The board shall have no authority to waive requirements of this code.
C109.3 Qualifications. The board of appeals shall consist of members who are qualified by experience and training and are not employees of the jurisdiction.))
C109.1 Authority. Whenever the code official finds any work regulated by this code being performed in a manner either contrary to the provisions of this code or dangerous or unsafe, the code official is authorized to issue a stop work order.
C109.2 Issuance. The stop work order shall be in writing and shall be given to the owner of the property involved, or to the owner's agent, or to the person doing the work. Upon issuance of a stop work order, the cited work shall immediately cease. The stop work order shall state the reason for the order, and the conditions under which the cited work will be permitted to resume.
C109.3 Emergencies. Where an emergency exists, the code official shall not be required to give a written notice prior to stopping the work.
C109.4 Failure to comply. Any person who shall continue any work after having been served with a stop work order, except such work as that person is directed to perform to remove a violation or unsafe condition, shall be liable to a fine as set by the applicable governing authority.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 13-04-056, filed 2/1/13, effective 7/1/13)
WAC 51-11C-11000Section C110—((Violations))Board of appeals.
((It shall be unlawful for any person, firm, or corporation to erect or construct any building, or remodel or rehabilitate any existing building or structure in the state, or allow the same to be done, contrary to or in violation of any of the provisions of this code.))
C110.1 General. In order to hear and decide appeals of orders, decisions or determinations made by the code official relative to the application and interpretation of this code, there shall be and is hereby created a board of appeals. The code official shall be an ex officio member of said board but shall have no vote on any matter before the board. The board of appeals shall be appointed by the governing body and shall hold office at its pleasure. The board shall adopt rules of procedure for conducting its business, and shall render all decisions and findings in writing to the appellant with a duplicate copy to the code official.
C110.2 Limitations on authority. An application for appeal shall be based on a claim that the true intent of this code or the rules legally adopted thereunder have been incorrectly interpreted, the provisions of this code do not fully apply or an equally good or better form of construction is proposed. The board shall have no authority to waive requirements of this code.
C110.3 Qualifications. The board of appeals shall consist of members who are qualified by experience and training and are not employees of the jurisdiction.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 13-04-056, filed 2/1/13, effective 7/1/13)
WAC 51-11C-11100Section C111—((Liability))Violations.
((Nothing contained in this code is intended to be nor shall be construed to create or form the basis for any liability on the part of any city or county or its officers, employees or agents for any injury or damage resulting from the failure of a building to conform to the provisions of this code.))It shall be unlawful for any person, firm, or corporation to erect or construct any building, or remodel or rehabilitate any existing building or structure in the state, or allow the same to be done, contrary to or in violation of any of the provisions of this code.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-11C-11200Section C112—Liability.
Nothing contained in this code is intended to be nor shall be construed to create or form the basis for any liability on the part of any city or county or its officers, employees, or agents for any injury or damage resulting from the failure of a building to conform to the provisions of this code.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-20201Section C202.1—A.
ABOVE-GRADE WALL.((A wall enclosing conditioned space))That portion of a wall in the building envelope that is not a below-grade wall. This includes between-floor spandrels, peripheral edges of floors, roof ((and basement)) knee walls, dormer walls, gable end walls, walls enclosing a mansard roof and skylight shafts.
ACCESS (TO). That which enables a device, appliance or equipment to be reached by ready access or by a means that first requires the removal or movement of a panel or similar obstruction.
ADDITION. An extension or increase in the conditioned space floor area, number of stories, or height of a building or structure.
AIR BARRIER. One or more materials joined together in a continuous manner to restrict or prevent the passage of air through the building thermal envelope and its assemblies.
AIR CURTAIN. A device, installed at the building entrance, that generates and discharges a laminar air stream intended to prevent the infiltration of external, unconditioned air into the conditioned spaces, or the loss of interior, conditioned air to the outside.
ALTERNATING CURRENT-OUTPUT UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY (AC-OUTPUT UPS). A combination of convertors, switches and energy storage devices, such as batteries, constituting a power system for maintaining continuity of load power in case of input power failure. Input power failure occurs when voltage and frequency are outside rated steady state and transient tolerance bands or when distortion or interruptions are outside the limits specified for the uninterruptible power supply. An AC-output UPC is an uninterruptible power supply that supplies power with a continuous flow of electric charge that periodically reverses direction.
ALTERATION. Any construction, retrofit or renovation to an existing structure other than repair or addition. Also, a change in a building, electrical, gas, mechanical or plumbing system that involves an extension, addition or change to the arrangement, type or purpose of the original installation.
APPROVED. Acceptable to the code official.
APPROVED AGENCY. An established and recognized agency regularly engaged in conducting tests or furnishing inspection services, or furnishing product certification research reports, when such agency has been approved by the code official.
ATTIC AND OTHER ROOFS.((All other))Roofs other than roofs with insulation entirely above deck and metal building roofs, including roofs with insulation entirely below (inside of) the roof structure (i.e., attics, cathedral ceilings, and single-rafter ceilings), roofs with insulation both above and below the roof structure, and roofs without insulation ((but excluding roofs with insulation entirely above deck and metal building roofs)).
AUTOMATIC. Self-acting, operating by its own mechanism when actuated by some impersonal influence, as, for example, a change in current strength, pressure, temperature or mechanical configuration (see "Manual").
AUTOMATIC CONTROL DEVICE. A device capable of automatically controlling equipment and devices without manual intervention.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-20202Section C202.2—B.
BELOW-GRADE WALL. That portion of a wall in the building envelope that is entirely below the finish grade and in contact with the ground.
BIOGAS. A mixture of hydrocarbons that is a gas at 60°F (15.5°C) and one atmosphere of pressure that is produced through the anaerobic digestion of organic matter.
BIOMASS. Nonfossilized and biodegradable organic material originating from plants, animals and/or micro-organisms, including products, byproducts, residues and waste from agriculture, forestry and related industries as well as the nonfossilized and biodegradable organic fractions of industrial and municipal wastes, including gases and liquids recovered from the decomposition of nonfossilized and biodegradable organic material.
BLOCK. A generic concept used in energy simulation. It can include one or more thermal zones. It represents a whole building or portion of a building with the same use type served by the same HVAC system type.
BOILER, MODULATING. A boiler that is capable of more than a single firing rate in response to a varying temperature or heating load.
BOILER SYSTEM. One or more boilers, their piping and controls that work together to supply steam or hot water to heat output devices remote from the boiler.
BUBBLE POINT. The refrigerant liquid saturation temperature at a specified pressure.
BUILDING. Any structure used or intended for supporting or sheltering any use or occupancy, including any mechanical systems, service water heating systems and electric power and lighting systems located on the building site and supporting the building.
BUILDING COMMISSIONING. A process that verifies and documents that the building systems have been installed and function according to the approved construction documents.
BUILDING ENTRANCE. Any doorway, set of doors, revolving door, vestibule or other form of portal (including elevator doors such as in parking garages) that is ordinarily used to gain access to the building or to exit from the building by its users and occupants. This does not include doors solely used to directly enter mechanical, electrical and other building utility service equipment rooms, or doors for emergency egress only. Where buildings have separate one-way doors to enter or leave, any doors ordinarily used to leave the building are also deemed a building entrance.
BUILDING SITE. A contiguous area of land that is under the ownership or control of one entity.
BUILDING THERMAL ENVELOPE. The below-grade walls, above-grade walls, floors, ceilings, roofs, and any other building element assemblies that ((enclose conditioned space or provides a boundary between conditioned space, semiheated space and exempt or unconditioned space))meet one or more of the following criteria:
1. Separates conditioned areas of all types from unconditioned or unenclosed areas.
2. Separates conditioned areas of differing types including elements between fully conditioned areas, low energy, semi-heated, greenhouse, and refrigerated areas.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-20203Section C202.3—C.
C-FACTOR (THERMAL CONDUCTANCE). The coefficient of heat transmission (surface to surface) through a building component or assembly, equal to the time rate of heat flow per unit area and the unit temperature difference between the warm side and cold side surfaces (Btu/h ft2 × °F) [W/(m2 × K)].
CAPTIVE KEY DEVICE. A lighting control that will not release the key that activates the override when the lighting is on.
CAVITY INSULATION. Insulating material located between framing members.
CEILING FAN. A nonportable device suspended from a ceiling or overhead structure for circulating air via the rotation of the blades. See also LARGE-DIAMETER CEILING FAN.
CERTIFIED COMMISSIONING PROFESSIONAL. An individual who is certified by an ANSI/ISO/IEC 17024:2012 accredited organization to lead, plan, coordinate and manage commissioning teams and implement the commissioning process.
CHANGE OF OCCUPANCY. A change in the use of a building or a portion of a building that results in any of the following:
1. A change of occupancy classification.
2. A change from one group to another group within an occupancy classification.
3. Any change in use within a group for which there is a change in the application of the requirements of this code.
CIRCULATING HOT WATER SYSTEM. A specifically designed water distribution system where one or more pumps are operated in the service hot water piping to circulate heated water from the water-heating equipment to the fixture supply and back to the water-heating equipment.
CLERESTORY FENESTRATION. See "FENESTRATION."
CLIMATE ZONE. A geographical region based on climatic criteria as specified in this code.
CODE OFFICIAL. The officer or other designated authority charged with the administration and enforcement of this code, or a duly authorized representative.
COEFFICIENT OF PERFORMANCE (COP) - COOLING. The ratio of the rate of heat removal to the rate of energy input, in consistent units, for a complete refrigerating system or some specific portion of that system under designated operating conditions.
COEFFICIENT OF PERFORMANCE (COP) - HEATING. The ratio of the rate of heat removal to the rate of heat delivered to the rate of energy input, in consistent units, for a complete heat pump system, including the compressor and, if applicable, auxiliary heat, under designated operating conditions.
COMMERCIAL BUILDING. For this code, all buildings that are not included in the definition of "Residential buildings."
COMMUNITY RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEM. An off-site renewable energy system for which the owner has purchased or leased renewable energy capacity along with other subscribers.
COMPRESSED AIR SYSTEM. A system of at least one compressor providing compressed air at 40 psig or higher.
COMPUTER ROOM. A room whose primary function is to house equipment for the processing and storage of electronic data and that has a design total information technology equipment (ITE) equipment power density less than or equal to 20 watts per square foot (215 watts per m2) of conditioned floor area or a design ITE equipment load less than or equal to 10 kW. See also DATA CENTER.
CONDENSING UNIT. A factory-made assembly of refrigeration components designed to compress and liquefy a specific refrigerant. The unit consists of one or more refrigerant compressors, refrigerant condensers (air-cooled, evaporatively cooled, or water-cooled), condenser fans and motors (where used) and factory-supplied accessories.
CONDITIONED FLOOR AREA. The horizontal projection of the floors associated with the conditioned space.
CONDITIONED SPACE. An area, room or space that is enclosed within the building thermal envelope and that is directly heated or cooled or that is indirectly heated or cooled. Spaces are indirectly heated or cooled where they communicate through openings with conditioned spaces, where they are separated from conditioned spaces by uninsulated walls, floors or ceilings, or where they contain uninsulated ducts, piping or other sources of heating or cooling. Elevator shafts, stair enclosures, enclosed corridors connecting conditioned spaces, and enclosed spaces through which conditioned air is intentionally transferred at a rate exceeding three air changes per hour are considered conditioned spaces for the purposes of the building thermal envelope requirements.
CONTINUOUS INSULATION (CI). Insulating material that is continuous across all structural members without metal thermal bridges other than fasteners that have a total cross-sectional area not greater than 0.04 percent (0.12 percent where all metal thermal bridges are stainless steel) of the envelope surface through which they penetrate, and service openings. It is installed on the interior or exterior or is integral to any opaque surface of the building envelope.
CONTROLLED PLANT GROWTH ENVIRONMENT. Group F and U buildings or spaces that are used exclusively for and specifically controlled to facilitate and enhance plant growth and production by manipulating various indoor environmental conditions. Technologies include indoor agriculture, cannabis growing, hydroponics, aquaculture and aquaponics. Controlled indoor environment variables include, but are not limited to, temperature, air quality, humidity, and carbon dioxide.
CONTROLLED RECEPTACLE. An electrical receptacle that is controlled by an automatic control device.
CURTAIN WALL. Fenestration products used to create an external nonload-bearing wall that is designed to separate the exterior and interior environments.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-20204Section C202.4—D.
DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM. An electronic system managed by the building owner to collect, tabulate and display metering information.
DATA CENTER. A room or series of rooms that share data center systems whose primary function is to house equipment for the processing and storage of electronic data, which has a design total information technology equipment (ITE) power density exceeding 20 watts per square foot (215 watts per m2) of conditioned area and a total design ITE equipment load greater than 10 kW.
DATA CENTER SYSTEMS. HVAC systems, electrical systems, equipment, or portions thereof used to condition ITE or electrical systems in a data center.
DAYLIGHT RESPONSIVE CONTROL. A device or system that provides automatic control of electric light levels based on the amount of daylight in a space.
DAYLIGHT ZONE. The portion of the building interior floor area that is illuminated by natural daylight through sidelit and toplit fenestration.
DECORATIVE APPLIANCE, VENTED. A vented appliance wherein the primary function lies in the aesthetic effect of the flames.
DEDICATED OUTDOOR AIR SYSTEM (DOAS). A ventilation system that supplies 100 percent outdoor air primarily for the purpose of ventilation without requiring operation of a space-conditioning system fan for outdoor air delivery.
DEMAND CONTROL KITCHEN VENTILATION (DCKV). A system that provides automatic, continuous control over exhaust hood, where required, and make-up air fan speed in response to one or more sensors that monitor cooking activity or through direct communication with cooking appliances.
DEMAND CONTROL VENTILATION (DCV). A ventilation system capability that provides for the automatic reduction of outdoor air intake below design rates when the actual occupancy of spaces served by the system is less than design occupancy.
DEMAND RECIRCULATION WATER SYSTEM. A water distribution system having one or more recirculation pumps that pump water from a heated water supply pipe back to the heated water source through a cold water supply pipe.
DEMAND RESPONSE SIGNAL. A signal that indicates a price or a request to modify electricity consumption for a limited time period.
DEMAND RESPONSIVE CONTROL. A control capable of receiving and automatically responding to a demand response signal.
DESICCANT DEHUMIDIFICATION SYSTEM. A mechanical dehumidification technology that uses a solid or liquid material to remove moisture from the air.
DIRECT DIGITAL CONTROL (DDC). A type of control where controlled and monitored analog or binary data such as temperature and contact closures are converted to digital format for manipulation and calculations by a digital computer or microprocessor, then converted back to analog or binary form to control physical devices.
DIRECTLY OWNED OFF-SITE RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEM. An off-site renewable energy system owned by the building project owner.
DOOR, GARAGE.Nonswinging doors rated by ((ASMA))DASMA 105 with a single panel or horizontally hinged sectional panels.
DOOR, NONSWINGING. Roll-up, tilt-up, metal coiling and sliding doors, access hatches, and all other doors that are not swinging doors or garage doors with less than or equal to 14 percent glazing.
DOOR, SWINGING. Doors that are hinged on one side and revolving doors.
DUCT. A tube or conduit utilized for conveying air. The air passages of self-contained systems are not to be construed as air ducts.
DUCT SYSTEM. A continuous passageway for the transmission of air that, in addition to ducts, includes duct fittings, dampers, plenums, fans and accessory air-handling equipment and appliances.
DWELLING UNIT. A single unit providing complete independent living facilities for one or more persons, including permanent provisions for living, sleeping, eating, cooking and sanitation.
DX-DEDICATED OUTDOOR AIR SYSTEM UNITS (DX-DOAS UNITS). A type of air-cooled, water-cooled or water source factory assembled product that dehumidifies 100 percent outdoor air to a low dew point and includes reheat that is capable of controlling the supply dry-bulb temperature of the dehumidified air to the designated supply air temperature. This conditioned outdoor air is then delivered directly or indirectly to the conditioned spaces. It may precondition outdoor air by containing an enthalpy wheel, sensible wheel, desiccant wheel, plate heat exchanger, heat pipes, or other heat or mass transfer apparatus.
DYNAMIC GLAZING. Any fenestration product that has the fully reversible ability to change its performance properties, including U-factor, SHGC, or VT.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-20205Section C202.5—E.
ECONOMIZER, AIR. A duct and damper arrangement and automatic control system that allows a cooling system to supply outside air to reduce or eliminate the need for mechanical cooling during mild or cold weather.
ECONOMIZER, WATER. A system where the supply air of a cooling system is cooled indirectly with water that is itself cooled by heat or mass transfer to the environment without the use of mechanical cooling.
((ELECTRICAL LOAD COEFFICIENT (ELC). In a data center, the ratio of the sum of three specific electrical losses (or losses calculated from efficiencies) to the ITE load itself. Specifically, ELC equals the sum of the incoming (to ITE) electrical service losses, UPS losses, and ITE distribution losses all divided by the peak ITE load. The design ELC is calculated at the full load design condition with active redundant equipment engaged, and the annual ELC is calculated the same way because it is assumed that ITE runs constantly at full power all year.))
ENCLOSED SPACE. A volume surrounded by solid surfaces such as walls, floors, roofs, and openable devices such as doors and operable windows. Unconditioned crawlspaces, attics, and parking garages with natural or mechanical ventilation are not considered enclosed spaces.
END USE CATEGORY. A load or group of loads that consume energy in a common or similar manner.
ENERGY ANALYSIS. A method for estimating the annual energy use of the proposed design and standard reference design based on estimates of energy use.
ENERGY COST. The total estimated annual cost for purchased energy for the building functions regulated by this code, including applicable demand charges.
ENERGY RECOVERY VENTILATION SYSTEM. Systems that employ air-to-air heat exchangers to recover energy from exhaust air for the purpose of preheating, precooling, humidifying or dehumidifying outdoor ventilation air prior to supplying the air to a space, either directly or as part of an HVAC system.
ENERGY SIMULATION TOOL. An approved software program or calculation-based methodology that projects the annual energy use of a building.
ENERGY SOURCE METER. A meter placed at the source of the incoming energy that measures the energy delivered to the whole building or metered space.
ENTHALPY RECOVERY RATIO (ERR). Change in the enthalpy of the outdoor air supply divided by the difference between the outdoor air and entering exhaust air enthalpy, expressed as a percentage.
ENTRANCE DOOR. A vertical fenestration product used for occupant ingress, egress and access in nonresidential buildings including, but not limited to, exterior entrances utilizing latching hardware and automatic closers and containing over 50 percent glazing specifically designed to withstand heavy duty usage.
EQUIPMENT ROOM. A space that contains either electrical equipment, mechanical equipment, machinery, water pumps or hydraulic pumps that are a function of the building's services.
EXTERIOR WALL. Walls including both above-grade walls and below-grade walls.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-20206Section C202.6—F.
FAN, EMBEDDED. A fan that is part of a manufactured assembly where the assembly includes functions other than air movement.
FAN ARRAY. Multiple fans in parallel between two plenum sections in an air distribution system.
FAN BRAKE HORSEPOWER (BHP). The horsepower delivered to the fan's shaft. Brake horsepower does not include the mechanical drive losses (belts, gears, etc.).
((FAN EFFICIENCY GRADE (FEG). A numerical rating identifying the fan's aerodynamic ability to convert shaft power, or impeller power in the case of a direct-driven fan, to air power.))
FAN ELECTRICAL INPUT POWER (Fan kWdesign). The electrical input power in kilowatts required to operate an individual fan or fan array at design conditions. It includes the power consumption of motor controllers, if present.
FAN ENERGY INDEX (FEI). The ratio of the electric input power of a reference fan to the electric input power of the actual fan as calculated in accordance with AMCA 208.
FAN SYSTEM. Includes all the fans that contribute to the movement of air through a point of a common duct, plenum, or cabinet.
FAN SYSTEM, COMPLEX. A fan system that combines supply, exhaust and/or other fans, or is not captured by other fan system types.
FAN SYSTEM, EXHAUST/RELIEF. A fan system dedicated to the removal of air from interior spaces to the outdoors.
FAN SYSTEM, MULTI-ZONE VARIABLE AIR VOLUME (VAV). A fan system that serves three or more space-conditioning zones where airflow to each zone is individually controlled based on heating, cooling and/or ventilation requirements, indoor fan airflow varies as a function of load, and the sum of the minimum zone airflows is 40 percent or less of the fan system design conditions.
FAN SYSTEM, RETURN. A fan system dedicated to removing air from interior where some or all the air is to be recirculated except during economizer operation.
FAN SYSTEM, SINGLE-CABINET. A fan system where a single fan, single fan array, a single set of fans operating in parallel, or fans or fan arrays in series and embedded in the same cabinet, that both supplies air to a space and recirculates the air.
FAN SYSTEM, SUPPLY-ONLY. A fan system that provides supply air to interior spaces and does not recirculate the air.
FAN SYSTEM, TRANSFER. A fan system that exclusively moves air from one occupied space to another.
FAN SYSTEM AIRFLOW (cfm). The sum of the airflow of all fans with fan electrical input power greater than 1 kW at fan system design conditions, excluding the airflow that passes through downstream fans with fan input power less than 1 kW.
FAN SYSTEM BHP. The sum of the fan brake horsepower of all fans that are required to operate at fan system design conditions to supply air from the heating or cooling source to the conditioned space(s) and return it to the source or exhaust it to the outdoors.
FAN SYSTEM DESIGN CONDITIONS. Operating conditions that can be expected to occur during normal system operation that result in the highest supply fan airflow rate to conditioned spaces served by the system, other than during air economizer operation.
FAN SYSTEM ELECTRICAL INPUT POWER (Fan kWdesign, system). The sum of the fan electrical input power (Fan kWdesign) of all fans that are required to operate at fan system design conditions to supply air from the heating or cooling source to the conditioned spaces, return it to the source, exhaust it to the outdoors, or transfer it to another space.
FAN SYSTEM MOTOR NAMEPLATE HP. The sum of the motor nameplate horsepower of all fans that are required to operate at design conditions to supply air from the heating or cooling source to the conditioned space(s) and return it to the source or exhaust it to the outdoors.
FAULT DETECTION AND DIAGNOSTICS (FDD) SYSTEM. A software platform that utilizes building analytic algorithms to convert data provided by sensors and devices to automatically identify faults in building systems and provide a prioritized list of actionable resolutions to those faults based on cost or energy avoidance, comfort and maintenance impact.
FENESTRATION. Products classified as either skylights or vertical fenestration.
SKYLIGHTS. Glass or other transparent or translucent glazing material installed at a slope of less than 60 degrees (91.05 rad) from horizontal, including unit skylights, tubular daylighting devices and glazing materials in solariums, sunrooms, roofs, greenhouses, and sloped walls.
VERTICAL FENESTRATION. Windows that are fixed or operable, doors with more than 50 percent glazed area and glazed block composed of glass or other transparent or translucent glazing materials and installed at a slope not less than 60 degrees (91.05 rad) from horizontal. Opaque areas such as spandrel panels are not considered vertical fenestration.
CLERESTORY FENESTRATION. An upper region of vertical fenestration provided for the purpose of admitting daylight beyond the perimeter of a space. The entire clerestory fenestration assembly is installed at a height greater than 8 feet above the finished floor.
FENESTRATION AREA. Total area of the fenestration measured using the rough opening, and including the glazing, sash and frame.
FENESTRATION PRODUCT, FIELD-FABRICATED. A fenestration product whose frame is made at the construction site of standard dimensional lumber or other materials that were not previously cut, or otherwise formed with the specific intention of being used to fabricate a fenestration product or exterior door. Field fabricated does not include site-built fenestration.
FENESTRATION PRODUCT, SITE-BUILT. A fenestration designed to be made up of field-glazed or field-assembled units using specific factory cut or otherwise factory-formed framing and glazing units. Examples of site-built fenestration include storefront systems, curtain walls, and atrium roof systems.
F-FACTOR. The perimeter heat loss factor for slab-on-grade floors (Btu/h × ft × °F) [W/(m × K)].
FLOOR AREA, NET. The actual occupied area not including unoccupied accessory areas such as corridors, stairways, toilet rooms, mechanical rooms and closets.
FURNACE ELECTRICITY RATIO. The ratio of furnace electricity use to total furnace energy computed as ratio = (3.412 × EAE)/1000 × EF + 3.412 × EAE) where EAE (average annual auxiliary electrical consumption) and EF (average annual fuel energy consumption) are defined in Appendix N to Subpart B of Part 430 of Title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations and EF is expressed in millions of Btus per year.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-20207Section C202.7—G.
GENERAL LIGHTING.Interior lighting that provides a substantially uniform level of illumination throughout ((an area))a space. General lighting shall not include lighting that provides a dissimilar level of illumination to serve a specific application or decorative feature within such area.
GREENHOUSE. A ((permanent)) structure or a thermally isolated area of a building that maintains a specialized sunlit environment ((that is used)) exclusively used for, and is essential to, the cultivation, protection or maintenance of plants. Greenhouses are those that are erected for a period of 180 days or more.
GROUP R. Buildings or portions of buildings that contain any of the following occupancies as established in the International Building Code:
1. Group R-1.
2. Group R-2 where located more than three stories in height above grade plane.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-20208Section C202.8—H.
HEAT TRAP. An arrangement of piping and fittings, such as elbows, or a commercially available heat trap that prevents thermosyphoning of hot water during standby periods.
HEAT TRAP, PIPE CONFIGURED. A pipe configured heat trap is either, as applicable:
1. A device specifically designed for the purpose or an arrangement of tubing that forms a loop of 360 degrees; or
2. Piping that from the point of connection to the water heater (inlet or outlet) includes a length of piping directed downward before connection to the vertical piping of the supply water or hot-water distribution system.
HEATED SLAB-ON-GRADE FLOOR. Slab-on-grade floor construction in which the heating elements, hydronic tubing, or hot air distribution system is in contact with, or placed within or under, the slab.
HEATED WATER CIRCULATION SYSTEM. A water distribution system having one or more recirculation pumps that pump water from a heated water source through a dedicated hot water circulation pipe or piping system.
HIGH SPEED DOOR. A nonswinging door used primarily to facilitate vehicular access or material transportation, with a minimum opening rate of 32 inches (813 mm) per second, a minimum closing rate of 24 inches (610 mm) per second and that includes an automatic-closing device.
HISTORIC BUILDINGS. ((Buildings that are listed in or eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places, or designated as historic under an appropriate state or local law.))Any building or structure that is one or more of the following:
1. Listed, or certified as eligible for listing, by the State Historic Preservation Officer or the Keeper of the National Register of Historic Places, in the National Register of Historic Places.
2. Designated as historic under an applicable state or local law.
3. Certified as a contributing resource within a National Register-listed, state-designated or locally designated historic district.
HUMIDISTAT. A regulatory device, actuated by changes in humidity, used for automatic control of relative humidity.
HVAC TOTAL SYSTEM PERFORMANCE RATIO (HVAC TSPR). The ratio of the sum of a building's annual heating and cooling load in thousands of Btus to the sum of annual carbon emissions in pounds from energy consumption of the building HVAC systems. Carbon emissions shall be calculated by multiplying site energy consumption by the carbon emission factors from Table C407.1.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-20209Section C202.9—I.
IEC DESIGN H MOTOR. An electric motor that meets all of the following:
1. It is an induction motor designed for use with three-phase power.
2. It contains a cage rotor.
3. It is capable of direct-on-line starting.
4. It has 4, 6 or 8 poles.
5. It is rated from 0.4 kW to 1600 kW at a frequency of 60 Hz.
IEC DESIGN N MOTOR. An electric motor that meets all of the following:
1. It is an inductor motor designed for use with three-phase power.
2. It contains a cage rotor.
3. It is capable of direct-on-line starting.
4. It has 2, 4, 6 or 8 poles.
5. It is rated from 0.4 kW to 1600 kW at a frequency of 60 Hz.
INFILTRATION. The uncontrolled inward air leakage into a building caused by the pressure effects of wind or the effect of differences in the indoor and outdoor air density or both.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY EQUIPMENT (ITE).((ITE includes))Items including computers, data storage, servers ((and network/communications)), network, and communication equipment.
INSULATION ENTIRELY ABOVE DECK. A roof with all insulation:
1. Installed above (outside of) the roof structure; and
2. Continuous (i.e., uninterrupted by framing members).
INTEGRATED ENERGY EFFICIENCY RATIO (IEER). A single-number figure of merit expressing cooling part-load EER efficiency for unitary air-conditioning and heat pump equipment on the basis of weighted operation at various load capacities for the equipment.
INTEGRATED HVAC SYSTEM. An HVAC system designed to handle both sensible and latent heat removal. Integrated HVAC systems may include, but are not limited to, HVAC systems with a sensible heat ratio of 0.65 or less and the capability of providing cooling, dedicated outdoor air systems, single package air conditioners with at least one refrigerant circuit providing hot gas reheat, and stand-alone dehumidifiers modified to allow external heat rejection.
INTEGRATED PART LOAD VALUE (IPLV). A single number figure of merit based on part-load EER, COP, or kW/ton expressing part-load efficiency for air conditioning and heat pump equipment on the basis of weighted operation at various load capacities for equipment.
INTEGRATED SEASONAL COEFFICIENT OF PERFORMANCE (ISCOP). A seasonal efficiency number that is a combined value based on the formula listed in AHRI Standard 920 of the two COP values for the heating season of a DX-DOAS unit water or air source heat pump, expressed in W/W.
INTEGRATED SEASONAL MOISTURE REMOVAL EFFICIENCY (ISMRE). A seasonal efficiency number that is a combined value based on the formula listed in AHRI Standard 920 of the four dehumidification moisture removal efficiency (MRE) ratings required for DX-DOAS units, expressed in lb. of moisture/kWh.
INTERNAL CURTAIN SYSTEM. A system consisting of moveable panels of fabric or plastic film used to cover and uncover the space enclosed in a greenhouse on a daily basis.
ISOLATION DEVICES. Devices that isolate HVAC zones so they can be operated independently of one another. Isolation devices include separate systems, isolation dampers and controls providing shutoff at terminal boxes.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-20212Section C202.12—L.
LABELED. Equipment, materials or products to which have been affixed a label, seal, symbol or other identifying mark of a nationally recognized testing laboratory, approvedagency or other organization concerned with product evaluation that maintains periodic inspection of the production of the above-labeled items and whose labeling indicates either that the equipment, material or product meets identified standards or has been tested and found suitable for a specified purpose.
LARGE-DIAMETER CEILING FAN. A ceiling fan that is greater than seven feet (2134 mm) in diameter. These fans are sometimes referred to as High-Volume, Low-Speed (HVLS) fans.
LARGEST NET CAPACITY INCREMENT. The largest increase in capacity when switching between combinations of base compressors that is expected to occur under the compressed air system control scheme.
LINER SYSTEM (LS). A system that includes the following:
1. A continuous vapor barrier liner membrane that is installed below the purlins and that is uninterrupted by framing members.
2. An uncompressed, unfaced insulation resting on top of the liner membrane and located between the purlins.
For multilayer installations, the last rated R-value of insulation is for unfaced insulation draped over purlins and then compressed when the metal roof panels are attached.
LISTED. Equipment, materials, products or services included in a list published by an organization acceptable to the code official and concerned with evaluation of products or services that maintains periodic inspection of production of listed equipment or materials or periodic evaluation of services and whose listing states either that the equipment, material, product or service meets identified standards or has been tested and found suitable for a specified purpose.
LOW-CARBON DISTRICT ENERGY EXCHANGE SYSTEM. Any system serving multiple buildings providing energy in the form of a circulated fluid that can accept or reject heat from individual buildings. Energy can be indirectly converted to meet building heating or cooling loads by serving as the heat source or sink for heat-pump systems. Examples include, but are not limited to, low temperature condenser water, ground source condenser water, or sewer heat recovery.
Low-carbon district energy exchange systems must demonstrate that 25 percent of the annual district-system-net-load-met (sum of heating and cooling energy provided to attached buildings) comes from heat recovery between connected buildings, waste heat, or renewable energy resources and no more than 25 percent of the annual heat input to the system comes from fossil fuel or electric-resistance sources.
LOW-CARBON DISTRICT HEATING AND COOLING OR HEATING ONLY SYSTEM. Any system serving multiple buildings providing energy in the form of direct heating and cooling, or heating only to a building. Energy can be directly converted to meet building heating or cooling loads through a heat exchanger. Examples include, but are not limited to, steam, hot water, and chilled water.
Low-carbon district systems must demonstrate the following:
1. Distribution losses must be accounted for and may not exceed 10 percent of the annual load delivered to buildings served by the system.
2. Twenty-five percent of the annual district-system-net-load-met (sum of heating and cooling energy provided to attached buildings) comes from heat recovery between connected buildings, waste heat or renewable energy resources and no more than 25 percent of the annual heat input to the system comes from fossil fuel or electric resistance sources; or
3. No more than 10 percent of the system annual heat input to the system comes from fossil fuel or electric resistance sources.
LOW-SLOPED ROOF. A roof having a slope less than 2 units vertical in 12 units horizontal.
LOW-VOLTAGE DRY-TYPE DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER. A transformer that is air-cooled, does not use oil as a coolant, has an input voltage less than or equal to 600 volts and is rated for operation at a frequency of 60 hertz.
LOW-VOLTAGE LIGHTING. A lighting system consisting of an isolating power supply, the low voltage luminaires, and associated equipment that are all identified for the use.
LUMINAIRE. A complete lighting unit consisting of a lamp or lamps together with the housing designed to distribute the light, position and protect the lamps, and connect the lamps to the power supply.
LUMINAIRE-LEVEL LIGHTING CONTROL. A lighting system consisting of one or more luminaires where each luminaire has embedded lighting control logic, occupancy and ambient light sensors, and local override switching capability, where required. Each luminaire shall also have local or central wireless networking capabilities to detect and share information with other luminaires to adjust to occupancy and/or daylight in the space.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-20213Section C202.13—M.
MANUAL. Capable of being operated by personal intervention (see "Automatic").
MASS TRANSFER DECK SLAB ((EDGE)). ((That portion of the above-grade wall made up of the concrete slab where it extends past the footprint of the floor above, and there is space (conditioned or unconditioned) below the slab.))A concrete slab designed to transfer structural load from the building perimeter wall or column line above, laterally to an offset wall or column line below, and which has conditioned or semiheated space on the inside of the upper wall and exterior or unconditioned space on the outside of the upper wall. The area of the slab edge shall be defined as the thickness of the slab multiplied by the ((perimeter))length of the edge condition. Examples of this condition include, but are not limited to, the transition from an above-grade structure to a below-grade structure or the transition from a tower to a podium. A cantilevered ((balconies do not meet this definition))concrete balcony does not constitute a mass transfer deck slab.
MECHANICAL COOLING. Reducing the temperature of a gas or liquid by using vapor compression, absorption, desiccant dehumidification combined with evaporative cooling, or another energy-driven thermodynamic cycle. Indirect or direct evaporative cooling alone is not considered mechanical cooling.
MECHANICAL HEATING. Raising the temperature of a gas or liquid by use of fossil fuel burners, electric resistance heaters, heat pumps, or other systems that require energy to operate.
MECHANICAL LOAD COEFFICIENT (MLC). In a data center, the ratio of the cooling system's net use of energy to that of the ITE. ((The design MLC is calculated for a local peak weather condition (stipulated in ASHRAE Standard 90.4) and equals the sum of all active cooling equipment input power, divided by total power into the ITE.)) The annual MLC is calculated using hourly ((TMY3)) weather data for the data center's location and equals the sum of all energy flowing into the cooling system to respond to that weather, minus any energy successfully recovered to avoid any new energy use, all divided by the energy flowing into the ITE during the same period.
MECHANICAL ROOM. A room or space in which mechanical equipment and appliances are located that has sufficient room for access and maintenance of the equipment or appliances with room energy doors closed.
METAL BUILDING ROOF. A roof that:
1. Is constructed with a metal, structural, weathering surface;
2. Has no ventilated cavity; and
3. Has the insulation entirely below deck (i.e., does not include composite concrete and metal deck construction nor a roof framing system that is separated from the superstructure by a wood substrate) and whose structure consists of one or more of the following configurations:
a. Metal roofing in direct contact with the steel framing members;
b. Metal roofing separated from the steel framing members by insulation;
c. Insulated metal roofing panels installed as described in a or b.
METAL BUILDING WALL. A wall whose structure consists of metal spanning members supported by steel structural members (i.e., does not include spandrel glass or metal panels in curtain wall systems).
METER. A device that measures the flow of energy.
MICROCELL. A wireless communication facility consisting of an antenna that is either: (a) Four (4) feet in height and with an area of not more than 580 square inches; or (b) if a tubular antenna, no more than four (4) inches in diameter and no more than six (6) feet in length; and the associated equipment cabinet that is six (6) feet or less in height and no more than 48 square feet in floor area.
MULTI-PASS HEAT PUMP WATER HEATER. A heat pump water heater control strategy requiring multiple passes of water through the heat pump to reach the final target storage water temperature.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-20214Section C202.14—N.
NAMEPLATE HORSEPOWER. The nominal motor output power rating stamped on the motor nameplate.
NEMA DESIGN A MOTOR. A squirrel-cage motor that meets all of the following:
1. It is designed to withstand full-voltage starting and developing locked-rotor torque as shown in paragraph 12.38.1 of NEMA MG 1.
2. It has pull-up torque not less than the values shown in paragraph 12.40.1 of NEMA MG 1.
3. It has breakdown torque not less than the values shown in paragraph 12.39.1 of NEMA MG 1.
4. It has a locked-rotor current higher than the values shown in paragraph 12.35.1 of NEMA MG 1 for 60 Hz and paragraph 12.35.2 of NEMA MG 1 for 50 Hz.
5. It has a slip at rated load of less than 5 percent for motors with fewer than 10 poles.
NEMA DESIGN B MOTOR. A squirrel-cage motor that meets all of the following:
1. It is designed to withstand full-voltage starting.
2. It develops locked-rotor, breakdown and pull-up torques adequate for general application as specified in Sections 12.38, 12.39 and 12.40 of NEMA MG 1.
3. It draws locked-rotor current not to exceed the values shown in paragraph 12.35.1 of NEMA MG 1 for 60 Hz and paragraph 12.35.2 of NEMA MG 1 for 50 Hz.
4. It has a slip at rated load of less than 5 percent for motors with fewer than 10 poles.
NEMA DESIGN C MOTOR. A squirrel-cage motor that meets all of the following:
1. It is designed to withstand full-voltage starting and developing locked-rotor torque for high-torque applications up to the values shown in paragraph 12.38.2 of NEMA MG 1 (incorporated by reference; see Sec. 431.15).
2. It has pull-up torque not less than the values shown in paragraph 12.40.2 of NEMA MG 1.
3. It has breakdown torque not less than the values shown in paragraph 12.39.2 of NEMA MG 1.
4. It has a locked-rotor current not to exceed the values shown in paragraph 12.35.1 of NEMA MG 1 for 60 Hz and paragraph 12.35.2 of NEMA MG 1 for 50 Hz.
5. It has a slip at rated load of less than 5 percent.
NETWORKED GUEST ROOM CONTROL SYSTEM. A control system, ((accessible))with access from the front desk or other central location associated with a Group R-1 building, that is capable of identifying the ((occupancy))rented and unrented status of each guest room according to a timed schedule, and is capable of controlling HVAC in each hotel and motel guest room separately.
NONSTANDARD PART LOAD VALUE (NPLV). A single-number part-load efficiency figure of merit calculated and referenced to conditions other than IPLV conditions, for units that are not designed to operate at ARI standard rating conditions.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-20215Section C202.15—O.
OCCUPANT SENSOR CONTROL. An automatic control device or system that detects the presence or absence of people within an area and causes lighting, equipment or appliances to be regulated accordingly.
ON-SITE RENEWABLE ENERGY. Energy ((derived from solar radiation, wind, waves, tides, landfill gas, biogas, biomass, or the internal heat of the earth. The energy system providing on-site renewable energy shall be located on the project site))from renewable energy resources harvested at the building site.
OPAQUE DOOR. A door that is not less than 50 percent opaque in surface area.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-20216Section C202.16—P.
PERSONAL WIRELESS SERVICE FACILITY. A wireless communication facility (WCF), including a microcell, which is a facility for the transmission and/or reception of radio frequency signals and which may include antennas, equipment shelter or cabinet, transmission cables, a support structure to achieve the necessary elevation, and reception and/or transmission devices or antennas.
PHOTOSYNTHETIC PHOTON EFFICACY (PPE). Photosynthetic photon flux divided by input electric power in units of micromoles per second per watt, or micromoles per joule as defined by ANSI/ASABE S640.
POWERED ROOF/WALL VENTILATORS. A fan consisting of a centrifugal or axial impeller with an integral driver in a weather-resistant housing and with a base designed to fit, usually by means of a curb, over a wall or roof opening.
POWER-OVER-ETHERNET LIGHTING (POE). Lighting sources powered by DC current utilizing Ethernet cables.
PRIMARY STORAGE. Compressed air storage located upstream of the distribution system and any pressure flow regulators.
PROCESS APPLICATION. A manufacturing, industrial, or commercial procedure or activity where the primary purpose is other than conditioning spaces and maintaining comfort and amenities for the occupants of a building.
PROPOSED DESIGN. A description of the proposed building used to estimate annual energy use and carbon emissions from energy consumption for determining compliance based on total building performance and HVAC total performance ratio.
PUBLIC LAVATORY FAUCET. A lavatory faucet that is not intended for private use as defined by the Uniform Plumbing Code and that is supplied with both potable cold and hot water.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-20218Section C202.18—R.
RADIANT HEATING SYSTEM. A heating system that transfers heat to objects and surfaces within a conditioned space, primarily by infrared radiation.
READY ACCESS (TO). That which enables a device, appliance or equipment to be directly reached, without requiring the removal or movement of any panel or similar obstruction.
REFRIGERANT DEW POINT. The refrigerant vapor saturation temperature at a specified pressure.
REFRIGERATED WAREHOUSE COOLER. An enclosed storage space that has a total chilled storage area of 3,000 ft2 or greater and is designed to maintain a temperature of greater than 32°F but less than 55°F.
REFRIGERATED WAREHOUSE FREEZER. An enclosed storage space that has a total chilled storage area of 3,000 ft2 or greater and is designed to maintain a temperature at or below 32°F.
REFRIGERATION SYSTEM, LOW TEMPERATURE. Systems for maintaining food product in a frozen state in refrigeration applications.
REFRIGERATION SYSTEM, MEDIUM TEMPERATURE. Systems for maintaining food product above freezing in refrigeration applications.
REGISTERED DESIGN PROFESSIONAL. An individual who is registered or licensed to practice their respective design profession as defined by the statutory requirements of the professional registration laws of the state or jurisdiction in which the project is to be constructed.
RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES. Energy derived from solar radiation, wind, waves, tides, biogas, biomass or extracted from hot fluid or steam heated within the earth.
RENEWABLE POWER PURCHASE AGREEMENT. A power purchase agreement for off-site renewable energy where the owner agrees to purchase renewable energy output and the associated renewable energy certificates at a fixed price schedule.
REPAIR. The reconstruction or renewal of any part of an existing building.
REPLACEMENT AIR. Outdoor air that is used to replace air removed from a building through an exhaust system. Replacement air may be derived from one or more of the following: Make-up air, supply air, transfer air and infiltration. However, the ultimate source of all replacement air is outdoor air. When replacement air exceeds exhaust, the result is exfiltration.
REROOFING. The process of recovering or replacing an existing roof covering. See "Roof Recover" and "Roof Replacement."
RESIDENTIAL BUILDING. For this code, includes detached one- and two-family dwellings and multiple single-family dwellings (townhouses) as well as Group R-2 and R-3 buildings three stories or less in height above grade plane.
ROOF ASSEMBLY. A system designed to provide weather protection and resistance to design loads. The system consists of a roof covering and roof deck or a single component serving as both the roof covering and the roof deck. A roof assembly includes the roof covering, underlayment, roof deck, insulation, vapor retarder and interior finish. See also attic and other roofs, metal building roof, roof with insulation entirely above deck and single-rafter roof.
ROOF RECOVER. The process of installing an additional roof covering over a prepared existing roof covering without removing the existing roof covering.
ROOF REPAIR. Reconstruction or renewal of any part of an existing roof for the purposes of its maintenance.
ROOF REPLACEMENT. The process of removing the existing roof covering, repairing any damaged substrate and installing a new roof covering.
ROOFTOP MONITOR. A raised section of a roof containing vertical fenestration along one or more sides.
R-VALUE (THERMAL RESISTANCE). The inverse of the time rate of heat flow through a body from one of its bounding surfaces to the other surface for a unit temperature difference between the two surfaces, under steady state conditions, per unit area (h • ft2 • °F/Btu) [(m2 • K)/W].
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-20219Section C202.19—S.
SATURATED-CONDENSING TEMPERATURE. The saturation temperature corresponding to the measured refrigerant pressure at the condenser inlet for single component and azeotropic refrigerants, and the arithmetic average of the dew point and bubble point temperatures corresponding to the refrigerant pressure at the condenser entrance for zeotropic refrigerants.
SEMI-HEATED SPACE. An enclosed space within a building, including adjacent connected spaces separated by an uninsulated component (e.g., basements, utility rooms, garages, corridors), which:
1. Is heated but not cooled, and has an installed heating system output capacity greater than or equal to 3.4 Btu/(h-ft2) but not greater than 8 Btu/(h-ft2);
2. Is not a walk-in((or))cooler, walk-in freezer, refrigerated warehouse cooler or refrigerated warehouse freezer space.
SENSIBLE RECOVERY EFFECTIVENESS. Change in the dry-bulb temperature of the outdoor air supply divided by the difference between the outdoor air and return air dry-bulb temperatures, expressed as a percentage, governed by AHRI Standard 1060.
SERVICE WATER HEATING. Heating water for domestic or commercial purposes other than space heating and process requirements.
SIDELIT. See Section ((C405.2.4.2))C405.2.5.2.
SINGLE-PASS HEAT PUMP WATER HEATER. A heat pump water heater control strategy using variable flow or variable capacity to deliver water from the heat pump at the final target storage water temperature in a single-pass through the heat exchanger with variable incoming water temperatures.
SINGLE-RAFTER ROOF. A roof where the roof above and the ceiling below are both attached to the same wood rafter and where insulation is located in the space between these wood rafters.
SKYLIGHT. See "Fenestration."
SLAB BELOW GRADE. Any portion of a slab floor in contact with the ground which is more than 24 inches below the final elevation of the nearest exterior grade.
SLAB-ON-GRADE FLOOR. That portion of a slab floor of the building envelope that is in contact with the ground and that is either above grade or is less than or equal to 24 inches below the final elevation of the nearest exterior grade.
SLEEPING UNIT. A room or space in which people sleep, which can also include permanent provisions for living, eating, and either sanitation or kitchen facilities but not both. Such rooms and spaces that are also part of a dwelling unit are not sleeping units.
SMALL ELECTRIC MOTOR. A general purpose, alternating current, single speed induction motor.
SMALL BUSINESS. Any business entity (including a sole proprietorship, corporation, partnership or other legal entity) which is owned and operated independently from all other businesses, which has the purpose of making a profit, and which has fifty or fewer employees.
SOLAR HEAT GAIN COEFFICIENT (SHGC). The ratio of the solar heat gain entering the space through the fenestration assembly to the incident solar radiation. Solar heat gain includes directly transmitted solar heat and absorbed solar radiation which is then reradiated, conducted or convected into the space.
SOLAR ZONE. A clear area or areas reserved solely for current and future installation of photovoltaic or solar hot water systems.
SPACE CONDITIONING CATEGORY. Categories are based on the allowed peak space conditioning output capacity per square foot of conditioned floor area, or the design set point temperature, for a building or space. Space conditioning categories include: Low energy, semi-heated, conditioned, refrigerated walk-in and warehouse coolers, and refrigerated walk-in and warehouse freezers.
STAND-ALONE DEHUMIDIFIER. A product with the sole purpose of dehumidifying the space that does not include a portable air conditioner, room air conditioner, or packaged terminal air conditioner. Stand-alone dehumidifier is a self-contained, electrically operated, and mechanically encased assembly consisting of:
1. A refrigerated surface (evaporator) that condenses moisture from the atmosphere;
2. A refrigerating system, including an electric motor;
3. An air-circulating fan; and
4. A means for collecting or disposing of the condensate.
STANDARD REFERENCE DESIGN. A version of the proposed design that meets the minimum requirements of this code and is used to determine the maximum annual energy use requirement and carbon emissions from energy consumption for compliance based on total building performance and HVAC total system performance ratio.
STEEL-FRAMED WALL. A wall with a cavity (insulated or otherwise) whose exterior surfaces are separated by steel framing members (i.e., typical steel stud walls and curtain wall systems).
STOREFRONT. A system of doors and windows mulled as a composite fenestration structure that has been designed to resist heavy use. Storefront systems include, but are not limited to, exterior fenestration systems that span from the floor level or above to the ceiling of the same story on commercial buildings, with or without mulled windows and doors.
SUBSYSTEM METER. A meter placed downstream of the energy supply meter that measures the energy delivered to a load or a group of loads.
SYSTEM. A combination of equipment and auxiliary devices (e.g., controls, accessories, interconnecting means and terminal elements) by which energy is transformed so it performs a specific function, such as HVAC, service water heating or lighting.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-20220Section C202.20—T.
TEMPERATURE MAINTENANCE. The system used to maintain the temperature of the building service hot water delivery system, typically by circulation and reheating or by a heat trace system.
TEMPORARY GROWING STRUCTURE. A temporary growing structure has sides and roof covered with polyethylene, polyvinyl or similar flexible synthetic material and is used to provide plants with either frost protection or increased heat retention. Temporary structures are those that are erected for a period of less than 180 days.
TESTING UNIT ENCLOSURE AREA. The area sum of all the boundary surfaces that define the dwelling unit, sleeping unit, or occupiable conditioned space including top/ceiling, bottom/floor and all side walls. This does not include interior partition walls within the dwelling unit, sleeping unit, or occupiable conditioned space. Wall height shall be measured from the finished floor of the conditioned space to the finished floor or roof/ceiling air barrier above.
THERMAL DISTRIBUTION EFFICIENCY (TDE). The resistance to changes in air heat as air is conveyed through a distance of air duct. TDE is a heat loss calculation evaluating the difference in the heat of the air between the air duct inlet and outlet caused by differences in temperatures between the air in the duct and the duct material. TDE is expressed as a percent difference between the inlet and outlet heat in the duct.
THERMOSTAT. An automatic control device used to maintain temperature at a fixed or adjustable set point.
TIME SWITCH CONTROL. An automatic control device or system that controls lighting or other loads, including switching off, based on time schedules.
TOPLIT. See Section ((C405.2.4.3))C405.2.5.3.
TUBULAR DAYLIGHTING DEVICE (TDD). A nonoperable skylight device primarily designed to transmit daylight from a roof surface to an interior ceiling surface via a tubular conduit. The device consists of an exterior glazed weathering surface, a light transmitting tube with a reflective inside surface and an interior sealing device, such as a translucent ceiling panel.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-03-072, filed 1/19/16, effective 7/1/16)
WAC 51-11C-20221Section C202.21—U.
U-FACTOR (THERMAL TRANSMITTANCE). The coefficient of heat transmission (air to air) through a building component or assembly, equal to the time rate of heat flow per unit area and unit temperature difference between the warm side and cold side air films (Btu/h • ft2 • °F) [W/(m2 • K)].
UNCONDITIONED SPACE. An enclosed space within a building that is not a conditioned space and that is not categorized under Section C402.1.1. Crawlspaces, attics and parking garages with natural or mechanical ventilation are not considered enclosed spaces.
UNHEATED SLAB-ON-GRADE FLOOR. A slab-on-grade floor that is not a heated slab-on-grade floor.
UNIFORM ILLUMINATION. A quality of illumination delivered by a lighting system typically comprised of similar fixtures mounted at a regular spacing interval. This lighting system provides a uniform contrast ratio of no greater than 5:1 maximum-to-minimum ratio throughout the entire area served, including task areas.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-20222Section C202.22—V.
VARIABLE REFRIGERANT FLOW SYSTEM. An engineered direct-expansion (DX) refrigerant system that incorporates a common condensing unit, at least one variable capacity compressor, a distributed refrigerant piping network to multiple indoor fan heating and cooling units each capable of individual zone temperature control, through integral zone temperature control devices and a common communications network. Variable refrigerant flow utilizes three or more steps of control on common interconnecting piping.
VENTILATION. The natural or mechanical process of supplying conditioned or unconditioned air to, or removing such air from, any space.
VENTILATION AIR. That portion of supply air that comes from outside (outdoors) plus any recirculated air that has been treated to maintain the desired quality of air within a designated space.
VERTICAL FENESTRATION. See "FENESTRATION."
VISIBLE TRANSMITTANCE [VT]. The ratio of visible light entering the space through the fenestration product assembly to the incident visible light, visible transmittance, includes the effects of glazing material and frame and is expressed as a number between 0 and 1. For skylights, VT shall be measured and rated in accordance with NFRC 202.
VISIBLE TRANSMITTANCE - ANNUAL [VT-ANNUAL]. The ratio of visible light entering the space through the fenestration product assembly to the incident visible light during the course of a year, ((visible transmittance,)) which includes the effects of glazing material, frame, and light well or tubular conduit, and is expressed as a number between 0 and 1. For tubular daylighting devices, VT-annual shall be measured and rated in accordance with NFRC 203.
VOLTAGE DROP. A decrease in voltage caused by losses in the wiring system that connect the power source to the load.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-03-072, filed 1/19/16, effective 7/1/16)
WAC 51-11C-20223Section C202.23—W.
WALK-IN COOLER. An enclosed storage space capable of being refrigerated to temperatures above 32°F (0°C) and less than 55°F (12.8°C) that can be walked into, has a ceiling height of not less than 7 feet (2134 mm) and has a total chilled storage area of less than 3,000 square feet (279 m2).
WALK-IN FREEZER. An enclosed storage space capable of being refrigerated to temperatures at or below 32°F (0°C) that can be walked into, has a ceiling height of not less than 7 feet (2134 mm) and has a total chilled storage area of less than 3,000 square feet (279 m2).
WALL. That portion of the building envelope, including opaque area and fenestration, that is vertical or tilted at an angle of 60 degrees from horizontal or greater. This includes above-grade walls and below-grade walls, between-floor spandrels, peripheral edges of floors, ((and)) foundation walls, roof and basement knee walls, dormer walls, gable end walls, walls enclosing a mansard roof, and skylight shafts.
WATER HEATER. Any heating appliance or equipment that heats potable water and supplies such water to the potable hot water distribution system.
WOOD-FRAMED AND OTHER WALLS. All other wall types, including wood stud walls.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-30310Section 303.1—Identification.
C303.1 Identification. Materials, systems and equipment shall be identified in a manner that will allow a determination of compliance with the applicable provisions of this code.
C303.1.1 Building thermal envelope insulation. An R-value identification mark shall be applied by the manufacturer to each piece of building thermal envelope insulation 12 inches (305 mm) or greater in width. Alternately, the insulation installers shall provide a certification listing the type, manufacturer and R-value of insulation installed in each element of the building thermal envelope. For blown or sprayed insulation (fiberglass and cellulose), the initial installed thickness, settled thickness, settled R-value, installed density, coverage area and number of bags installed shall be listed on the certification. For sprayed polyurethane foam (SPF) insulation, the installed thickness of the areas covered and R-value of installed thickness shall be listed on the certification. For insulated siding, the R-value shall be labeled on the product's package and shall be listed on the certification. The insulation installer shall sign, date and post the certification in a conspicuous location on the job site.
EXCEPTION: | For roof insulation installed above the deck, the R-value shall be labeled as required by the material standards specified in Table 1508.2 of the International Building Code. |
C303.1.1.1 Blown or sprayed roof/ceiling insulation. The thickness of blown-in or sprayed fiberglass and cellulose roof/ceiling insulation shall be written in inches (mm) on markers for every 300 square feet (28 m2) of attic area throughout the attic space. The markers shall be affixed to the trusses or joists and marked with the minimum initial installed thickness with numbers of not less than 1 inch (25 mm) in height. Each marker shall face the attic access opening. Spray polyurethane foam thickness and installed R-value shall be listed on certification provided by the insulation installer.
C303.1.2 Insulation mark installation. Insulating materials shall be installed such that the manufacturer's R-value mark is readily observable upon inspection. For insulation materials that are installed without an observable manufacturer's R-value mark, such as blown or draped products, an insulation certificate complying with Section C303.1.1 shall be left immediately after installation by the installer, in a conspicuous location within the building, to certify the installed R-value of the insulation material.
C303.1.3 Fenestration product rating.U-factors of fenestration shall be determined as follows:
1. For windows, doors and skylights, U-factor ratings shall be determined in accordance with NFRC 100.
2. Where required for garage doors and rolling doors, U-factor ratings shall be determined in accordance with either NFRC 100 or ANSI/DASMA 105.
U-factors shall be determined by an accredited, independent laboratory, and labeled and certified by the manufacturer.
Products lacking such a labeled U-factor shall be assigned a default U-factor from Table C303.1.3(1), C303.1.3(2) or C303.1.3(4). The solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) and visible transmittance (VT) of glazed fenestration products (windows, glazed doors and skylights) shall be determined in accordance with NFRC 200 by an accredited, independent laboratory, and labeled and certified by the manufacturer. Products lacking such a labeled SHGC or VT shall be assigned a default SHGC or VT from Table C303.1.3(3). For tubular daylighting devices, VTannual shall be measured and rated in accordance with NFRC 203.
EXCEPTION: | Units without NFRC ratings produced by a small business may be assigned default U-factors from Table C303.1.3(5) for vertical fenestration. |
C303.1.4 Insulation product rating. The thermal resistance (R-value) of insulation shall be determined in accordance with the U.S. Federal Trade Commission R-value rule (C.F.R. Title 16, Part 460) in units of h × ft2 × °F/Btu at a mean temperature of 75°F (24°C).
C303.1.4.1 Insulated siding. The thermal resistance (R-Value) shall be determined in accordance with ASTM C1363. Installation for testing shall be in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions.
C303.1.5 Spandrel panels in glass curtain walls. Table C303.1.5 provides default U-factors for the spandrel section of glass and other curtain wall systems. Design factors that affect performance are the type of framing, the type of spandrel panel and the R-value of insulation. Four framing conditions are considered in the table. The first is the common case where standard aluminum mullions are used. Standard mullions provide a thermal bridge through the insulation, reducing its effectiveness. The second case is for metal framing members that have a thermal break. A thermal break frame uses a urethane or other nonmetallic element to separate the metal exposed to outside conditions from the metal that is exposed to interior conditions. The third case is for structural glazing or systems where there are no exposed mullions on the exterior. The fourth case is for the condition where there is no framing or the insulation is continuous and uninterrupted by framing. The columns in the table can be used for any specified level of insulation between framing members installed in framed curtain walls or spandrel panels.
C303.1.5.1 Window wall application. Where "window wall" or similar assembly that is discontinuous at intermediate slab edges is used, the slab edge U-value shall be as listed in Appendix Table A103.3.7.1(3) or as determined using an approved calculation.
C303.1.5.2 Table value assumptions. In addition to the spandrel panel assembly, the construction assembly U-factors assume an air gap between the spandrel panel (with an R-value of 1.39) and one layer of 5/8-inch gypsum board (with an R-value of 0.56) that provides the interior finish. The gypsum board is assumed to span between the window sill and a channel at the floor. For assemblies that differ from these assumptions, custom U-factors can be calculated to account for any amount of continuous insulation or for unusual construction assemblies using Equations 3-1, 3-2 or 3-3 where appropriate. Spandrel panel U-factors for assemblies other than those covered by Table C303.1.5 or Equations 3-1 through 3-3 may be determined using an alternate approved methodology. Equations 3-1 through 3-3 do not calculate the value of any insulation inboard of the curtain wall assembly.
Aluminum without Thermal Break
(Equation 3-1)
Aluminum with Thermal Break
(Equation 3-2)
Structural Glazing
(Equation 3-3)
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-40100Section C401—General.
C401.1 Scope. The provisions in this chapter are applicable to commercial buildings and their building sites.
C401.2 Application. Commercial buildings shall comply with one of the following:
1. ((The requirements of Sections C402, C403, C404, C405, C406, C408, C409, C410, and C411.))Prescriptive compliance. The prescriptive compliance option requires compliance with Sections C402 through C406, and Sections C408, C409, C410, C411, and C412.
2. Total building performance. The ((requirements of))total building performance option requires compliance with Section C407.
3. When adopted by the local jurisdiction, the requirements of Appendix F, Outcome-Based Energy Budget, Sections C408, C409, C410, C411, C412 and any specific sections in Table C407.2 as determined by the local jurisdiction. The Proposed Total UA of the proposed building shall be no more than 20 percent higher than the Allowed Total UA as defined in Section C402.1.5.
C401.2.1 Application to existing buildings.((Work on existing buildings shall comply with Chapter 5 in addition to the applicable provisions of Chapter 4.))Additions, alterations, repairs, and changes of space conditioning, occupancy, or use to existing buildings shall comply with Chapter 5.
C401.2.2 Application to process equipment. Energy using equipment used by a manufacturing, industrial, or commercial process other than for conditioning spaces or maintaining comfort and amenities for the occupants shall comply with Section C403.3.2, Tables C403.3.2(1) through (16) inclusive, Sections C403.3.4.1 through C403.3.4.3, C403.7.7, C403.9.2.1, C403.10.3, C403.11.2, C403.11.3, C404.2, Table C404.2, and Sections C405.8, C410, and C412.
C401.3 Thermal envelope certificate. A permanent thermal envelope certificate shall be completed by an approved party. Such certificate shall be posted on a wall in the space where the space conditioning equipment is located, a utility room or other approved location. If located on an electrical panel, the certificate shall not cover or obstruct the visibility of the circuit directory label, service disconnect label, or other required labels. A copy of the certificate shall also be included in the construction files for the project. The certificate shall include:
1. R-values of insulation installed in or on ceilings, roofs, walls, foundations and slabs, crawlspace walls and floors, and ducts outside conditioned spaces.
2. U-factors and solar heat gain coefficients (SHGC) of fenestration.
3. Results from any building envelope air leakage testing performed on the building.
Where there is more than one value for any component of the building envelope, the certificate shall indicate the area-weighted average value where available. If the area-weighted average is not available, the certificate shall list each value that applies to 10 percent or more of the total component area.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 20-21-080, filed 10/19/20, effective 2/1/21)
WAC 51-11C-40211Section C402.1.1—Low energy buildings.
C402.1.1Low energy buildings, semi-heated buildings and greenhouses. Low energy buildings shall comply with Section C402.1.1.1. Semi-heated buildings and spaces shall comply with Section C402.1.1.2. Greenhouses shall comply with Section C402.1.1.3.
C402.1.1.1 Low energy buildings. The following buildings, or enclosed portions thereof, separated from the remainder of the building by building thermal envelope assemblies complying with this code shall be exempt from all thermal envelope provision of this code:
1. Those that are heated and/or cooled with a peak design rate of energy usage less than 3.4 Btu/h × ft2 (10.7 W/m2) or 1.0 watt/ft2 (10.7 W/m2) of floor area for space conditioning purposes.
2. Those that do not contain conditioned space.
3. Unstaffed equipment shelters or cabinets used solely for personal wireless service facilities.
C402.1.1.2 Semi-heated buildings and spaces. The building envelope of semi-heated buildings, or portions thereof, shall comply with the same requirements as that for conditioned spaces in Section C402, except as modified by this section. The total installed output capacity of mechanical space conditioning systems serving a semi-heated building or space shall comply with Section C202. Building envelope assemblies separating conditioned space from semi-heated space shall comply with exterior envelope insulation requirements. Semi-heated spaces((heated by mechanical systems that do not include electric resistance heating equipment)) are not required to comply with the opaque wall insulation provisions of Section C402.2.3 for walls that separate semi-heated spaces from the exterior or low energy spaces. Fenestration that forms part of the building thermal envelope enclosing semi-heated spaces shall comply with Section C402.4.Semi-heated spaces shall be calculated separately from other conditioned spaces for compliance purposes.
Opaque walls in semi-heated spaces shall be calculated as fully code compliant opaque walls for both the target and proposed for the Target UA calculations for Component Performance compliance per Section C402.1.5, and for the ((Standard Reference))Baseline Building Design for Total Building Performance compliance per Section C407. The capacity of heat trace temperature maintenance systems complying with Section C404.7.2 that are provided for freeze protection of piping and equipment only shall not be included in the total installed output capacity of mechanical space conditioning systems.
EXCEPTION: | ((Building or space may comply as semi-heated when served by one or more of the following system alternatives: |
| 1. Electric infrared heating equipment for localized heating applications. |
| 2. Heat pumps with cooling capacity permanently disabled, as preapproved by the jurisdiction.)) |
| Provided the total installed heating output capacity of mechanical space conditioning does not exceed the criteria for semi-heated space as defined in Section C202, a semi-heated building or space may comply with this section when served by heat pumps without electric resistance back up and connected to a heating only thermostat. |
C402.1.1.3 Greenhouses.Greenhouse structures or areas that comply with all of the following shall be exempt from the building envelope requirements of this code:
1. Exterior opaque envelope assemblies complying with Sections C402.2 and C402.4.4.
EXCEPTION: | Low energy greenhouses that comply with Section C402.1.1.1. |
2. Interior partition building thermal envelope assemblies that separate the greenhouse from conditioned space complying with Sections C402.2, C402.4.3 and C402.4.4.
3. ((Nonopaque envelope))Fenestration assemblies complying with the thermal envelope requirements in Table C402.1.1.3. The U-factor for the ((nonopaque roof))skylight shall be for the roof assembly or a roof that includes the assembly and an internal curtain system.
EXCEPTION: | Unheated greenhouses. |
4. No mechanical cooling is provided.
5. For heated greenhouses, heating is provided by a radiant heating system, a condensing natural gas-fired or condensing propane-fired heating system, or a heat pump with cooling capacity permanently disabled as preapproved by the jurisdiction.
Table C402.1.1.3
((Non-Opaque))Fenestration Thermal Envelope Maximum Requirements
((Component U-Factor BTU/h-ft2-°F | Climate Zone 5 and Marine 4 |
Non-opaque roof | 0.5 |
Non-opaque SEW wall | 0.7 |
Non-opaque N wall | 0.6)) |
Component | U-Factor BTU/h-ft2-°F |
Skylights | 0.5 |
Vertical fenestration | 0.6 |
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-40212Section C402.1.2—Equipment buildings.
C402.1.2 Equipment buildings. Buildings that comply with all of the following shall be exempt from the building thermal envelope provisions of this code:
1. Are separate buildings with floor area no more than 500 square feet (50 m2).
2. Are intended to house ((electronic))electric equipment with installed equipment power totaling at least 7 watts per square foot (75 W/m2) and not intended for human occupancy.
3. Are served by mechanical cooling and heating systems sized in accordance with Sections C403.1.2 and C403.3.1.
4. Have a heating system capacity not greater than 17,000 Btu/hr (5 kW) and a heating thermostat set point that is restricted to not more than 50°F (10°C).
5. Have an average wall and roof U-factor less than 0.200.
EXCEPTION: | Where the cooling and heating system is a heat pump, the heating capacity is allowed to exceed 17,000 Btu/h provided the heat pump cooling efficiency is at least 15 percent better than the requirements in Tables C403.3.2(2) and C403.3.2(14). |
C402.1.2.1 Standalone elevator hoistways. Elevator hoistways that comply with all of the following shall be exempt from the building thermal envelope and envelope air barrier provisions of this code:
1. Are separate from any other conditioned spaces in the building (do not serve or open into any conditioned, semi-heated or indirectly conditioned space).
2. Have heating and/or cooling equipment sized only to serve the expected elevator loads with thermostat setpoints restricted to heating to no higher than 40°F and cooling to no lower than 95°F.
3. Have an area weighted average wall, roof and floor (where applicable) U-factor of less than or equal to 0.20. Calculations must include any floor-slab-edges that penetrate the hoistway and thus are considered part of the above-grade walls.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-402121Table C402.1.3—Opaque thermal envelope assembly R-value requirements.
Table C402.1.3
Opaque Thermal Envelope Insulation Component
Minimum Requirements, R-value Methoda, ((i))j
CLIMATE ZONE | 5 AND MARINE 4 |
| All Other | Group R |
Roofs |
Insulation entirely above deck | R-38ci | R-38ci |
Metal buildingsb | R-25 + ((R-11))R-22 LS | R-25 + ((R-11))R-22 LS |
Attic and other | R-49 | R-49 |
Walls, Above Gradei |
Massh | R-9.5ci((c)) | R-13.3ci |
Mass transfer deck slab edgeg | ((R-5 | R-5)) |
Metal buildings | ((R-19ci or R-13 + 13ci)) R-13 + R-14ci | ((R-19ci or R-13 + 13ci)) R-13 + R-14ci |
Steel framed | R-13 + R-10ci | R-19 + R-8.5ci |
Wood framed and other | ((R-21 int or R-15 + 5ci std)) R-13 + R-7.5ci std or R-20 + R-3.8ci std | R-13 + R-7.5ci std or R-20 + R-3.8ci std or R-25 std |
Walls, Below Grade |
Below-grade walld,h | Same as above grade | Same as above grade |
Floors |
Massf | R-30ci | R-30ci |
Joist/framing | R-30e | R-30e |
Slab-on-Grade Floors |
Unheated slabs | R-10 for 24" below | R-10 for 24" below |
Heated slabs | R-10 perimeter & under entire slab | R-10 perimeter & under entire slab |
((Opaque Doorsg |
Nonswinging | R-4.75 | R-4.75)) |
For SI: | 1 inch = 25.4 mm. ci = Continuous insulation. NR = No requirement. |
LS = | Liner system—A continuous membrane installed below the purlins and uninterrupted by framing members. Uncompressed, unfaced insulation rests on top of the membrane between the purlins. |
a | Assembly descriptions can be found in Chapter 2 and Appendix A. |
b | Where using R-value compliance method, a thermal spacer block with minimum thickness of 1/2-inch and minimum R-value of R-3.5 shall be provided, otherwise use the U-factor compliance method in Table C402.1.4. |
c | Exception: Integral insulated concrete block walls complying with ASTM C90 with all cores filled and meeting both of the following: |
| 1. At least 50 percent of cores must be filled with vermiculite or equivalent fill insulation; and |
| 2. The building thermal envelope encloses one or more of the following uses: Warehouse (storage and retail), gymnasium, auditorium, church chapel, arena, kennel, manufacturing plant, indoor swimming pool, pump station, water and waste water treatment facility, storage facility, storage area, motor vehicle service facility. Where additional uses not listed (such as office, retail, etc.) are contained within the building, the exterior walls that enclose these areas may not utilize this exception and must comply with the appropriate mass wall R-value from Table C402.1.3/U-factor from Table C402.1.4. |
d | Where heated slabs are below grade, they shall comply with the insulation requirements for heated slabs. |
e | Steel floor joist systems shall be insulated to R-38 + R-10ci. |
f | "Mass floors" shall include floors weighing not less than: |
| 1. 35 pounds per square foot of floor surface area; or |
| 2. 25 pounds per square foot of floor surface area where the material weight is not more than 120 pounds per cubic foot. |
g | ((Not applicable to garage doors. See Table C402.1.4.))Component performance in accordance with Section C402.1.5 shall be required for buildings with a mass transfer deck slab. |
h | Peripheral edges of intermediate concrete floors are included in the above-grade mass wall category and therefore must be insulated as above-grade mass walls unless they meet the definition of Mass Transfer Deck Slab Edge. The area of the peripheral edges of concrete floors shall be defined as the thickness of the slab multiplied by the perimeter length of the edge condition. See Table A103.3.7.2 for typical default U-factors for above-grade slab edges and footnote c for typical conditions of above-grade slab edges. |
i | ((For roof, wall or floor assemblies where the proposed assembly would not be continuous insulation, an alternate nominal R-value compliance option for assemblies with isolated metal penetrations of otherwise continuous insulation is:))Where the total area of through-wall mechanical equipment is greater than 1 percent of the opaque above-grade wall area, use of the R-value method is not permitted. See Section C402.1.4.3. |
j | For roof, wall or floor assemblies where the proposed assembly would not be continuous insulation, alternate nominal R-value compliance options for assemblies with isolated metal fasteners that penetrate otherwise continuous insulation are as shown in columns B and C of Table C402.1.3(i): |
Table C402.1.3(i)
Continuous Insulation Equivalents
Column A | Column B | Column C |
Assemblies with continuous insulation (see definition) | Alternate option for assemblies with metal penetrations, greater than 0.04% but less than 0.08% | Alternate option for assemblies with metal penetrations, greater than or equal to 0.08% but less than 0.12% |
R-9.5ci | R-11.9ci | R-13ci |
R-11.4ci | R-14.3ci | R-15.7ci |
R-13.3ci | R-16.6ci | R-18.3ci |
R-15.2ci | ((R-19.0ci))R-19ci | R-21ci |
R-30ci | R-38ci | R-42ci |
R-38ci | R-48ci | R-53ci |
R-13 + R-7.5ci | R-13 + R-9.4ci | R-13 + R-10.3ci |
R-13 + R-10ci | R-13 + R-12.5ci | R-13 + R-13.8ci |
R-13 + R-12.5ci | R-13 + R-15.6ci | R-13 + R-17.2ci |
R-13 + R-13ci | R-13 + R-16.3ci | R-13 + R-17.9ci |
R-19 + R-8.5ci | R-19 + R-10.6ci | R-19 + R-11.7ci |
R-19 + R-14ci | R-19 + R-17.5ci | R-19 + R-19.2ci |
R-19 + R-16ci | R-19 + R-20ci | R-19 + R-22ci |
R-20 + R-3.8ci | R-20 + R-4.8ci | R-20 + R-5.3ci |
R-21 + R-5ci | R-21 + R-6.3ci | R-21 + R-6.9ci |
Notes for Table C402.1.3(j) |
| ((This))These alternate nominal R-value compliance options((is))are allowed for projects complying with all of the following: |
1a. | The ratio of the cross-sectional area, as measured in the plane of the surface, of metal penetrations of otherwise continuous insulation to the opaque surface area of the assembly is greater than 0.0004 (0.04%), but less than 0.0008 (0.08%), for use of Column B equivalents, and greater than or equal to 0.008 (0.08%), but less than 0.0012 (0.12%), for use of Column C equivalents. |
1b. | Where all metal penetrations are stainless steel, Column B is permitted to be used for penetrations greater than 0.12%, but less than 0.24% of opaque surface area, and Column C is permitted to be used for penetrations greater than or equal to 0.24%, but less than 0.48% of opaque surface area. |
2. | The metal penetrations of otherwise continuous insulation are isolated or discontinuous (e.g., brick ties or other discontinuous metal attachments, offset brackets supporting shelf angles that allow insulation to go between the shelf angle and the primary portions of the wall structure). No continuous metal elements (e.g., metal studs, z-girts, z-channels, shelf angles) penetrate the otherwise continuous portion of the insulation. |
3. | Building permit drawings shall contain details showing the locations and dimensions of all the metal penetrations (e.g., brick ties or other discontinuous metal attachments, offset brackets, etc.) of otherwise continuous insulation. In addition, calculations shall be provided showing the ratio of the cross-sectional area of metal penetrations of otherwise continuous insulation to the overall opaque wall area. |
For other cases where the proposed assembly is not continuous insulation, see Section C402.1.4 for determination of U-factors for assemblies that include metal other than screws and nails.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-40213Section C402.1.3—Insulation component R-value method.
C402.1.3 Insulation component R-value-based method.Building thermal envelope opaque assemblies shall comply with the requirements of Section C402.2 based on the climate zone specified in Chapter 3. For opaque portions of the building thermal envelope intended to comply on an insulation component R-value basis, the R-values for cavity insulation and continuous insulation shall not be less than that specified in Table C402.1.3. Where cavity insulation is installed in multiple layers, the cavity insulation R-values shall be summed to determine compliance with the cavity insulation R-value requirements. Where continuous insulation is installed in multiple layers, the continuous insulation R-values shall be summed to determine compliance with the continuous insulation R-value requirements. Cavity insulation R-values shall not be used to determine compliance with the continuous insulation R-value requirements in Table C402.1.3. Commercial buildings or portions of commercial buildings enclosing Group R occupancies shall use the R-values from the "Group R" column of Table C402.1.3. Commercial buildings or portions of commercial buildings enclosing occupancies other than Group R shall use the R-values from the "All other" column of Table C402.1.3.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-40214Section C402.1.4—Assembly U-factor, C-factor, or F-factor-based method.
C402.1.4 Assembly U-factor, C-factor, or F-factor-based method. Building thermal envelope opaque assemblies shall meet the requirements of Section C402.2 based on the climate zone specified in Chapter 3. Building thermal envelope opaque assemblies intended to comply on an assembly U-, C-, or F-factor basis shall have a U-, C-, or F-factor not greater than that specified in Table C402.1.4. Commercial buildings or portions of commercial buildings enclosing Group R occupancies shall use the U-, C-, or F-factor from the "Group R" column of Table C402.1.4. Commercial buildings or portions of commercial buildings enclosing occupancies other than Group R shall use the U-, C-, or F-factor from the "All other" column of Table C402.1.4. The U-factors for typical construction assemblies are included in Appendix A. These values shall be used for all calculations. Where proposed construction assemblies are not represented in Appendix A, values shall be calculated in accordance with the ASHRAE Handbook—Fundamentals using the framing factors listed in Appendix A where applicable and shall include the thermal bridging effects of framing materials.
C402.1.4.1 Roof/ceiling assembly. The maximum roof/ceiling assembly U-factor shall not exceed that specified in Table C402.1.4 based on construction materials used in the roof/ceiling assembly.
C402.1.4.1.1 Suspended ceilings. Insulation installed on suspended ceilings having removable ceiling tiles shall not be considered part of the assembly U-factor of the roof/ceiling construction.
C402.1.4.1.2 Joints staggered. Continuous insulation board shall be installed not less than two layers, and the edge joints between each layer of insulation shall be staggered, except where insulation tapers to the roof deck at a gutter edge, roof drain, or scupper.
C402.1.4.2 Thermal resistance of cold-formed steel stud walls.U-factors of walls with cold-formed steel studs shall be permitted to be determined in accordance with Equation 4-1:
Equation 4-1:
U = 1/[Rs + (ER)] |
Where: |
Rs | = | The cumulative R-value of the wall components along the path of heat transfer, excluding the cavity insulation and steel studs. |
ER | = | The effective R-value of the cavity insulation with steel studs as specified in Table C402.1.4.2. |
C402.1.4.3 Thermal resistance of mechanical equipment penetrations. When the total area of penetrations from through-wall mechanical equipment or equipment listed in Table C403.3.2(4) exceeds 1 percent of the opaque above-grade wall area, the mechanical equipment penetration area shall be calculated as a separate wall assembly with a default U-factor of 0.5. Mechanical system ducts and louvers, including those for supply, exhaust and relief, and for condenser air intake and outlet, are not considered to be mechanical equipment for the purposes of this section.
EXCEPTION: | Where mechanical equipment has been tested in accordance with approved testing standards, the mechanical equipment penetration area is permitted to be calculated as a separate wall assembly using the U-factor determined by such test. |
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-402141Table C402.1.4—Opaque thermal envelope requirements, U-factor method.
Table C402.1.4
Opaque Thermal Envelope Requirementsa,f
CLIMATE ZONE | 5 AND MARINE 4 |
| All Other | Group R |
Roofs |
Insulation entirely above deck | U-0.027 | U-0.027 |
Metal buildings | U-0.031 | U-0.031 |
Attic and other | U-0.021 | U-0.021 |
Joist or single rafter | U-0.027 | U-0.027 |
Walls, Above Gradek |
Massg | U-0.104((d)) | U-0.078 |
Mass transfer deck slabi((edge)) | U-0.20 | U-0.20 |
Metal building | ((U-0.052)) U-0.050 | ((U-0.052)) U-0.050 |
Steel framed | U-0.055 | U-0.055 |
Wood framed and other | ((U-0.054)) U-0.051 | U-0.051 |
Walls, Below Grade |
Below-grade wallb, g | Same as above grade | Same as above grade |
Floors |
Masse | U-0.031 | U-0.031 |
Joist/framing | U-0.029 | U-0.029 |
Slab-on-Grade Floors |
Unheated slabs | F-0.54 | F-0.54 |
Heated slabsc | F-0.55 | F-0.55 |
Opaque Doors |
Nonswinging door | U-0.31 | U-0.31 |
Swinging doorh | U-0.37 | U-0.37 |
((Nonswinging door | U-0.34 | U-0.34)) |
Garage door <14% glazing | U-0.31 | U-0.31 |
Garage door ≥14% and <50% glazingi | U-0.34 | U-0.34 |
a | Use of opaque assembly U-factors, C-factors, and F-factors from Appendix A is required unless otherwise allowed by Section C402.1.4. |
b | Where heated slabs are below grade, they shall comply with the F-factor requirements for heated slabs. |
c | Heated slab F-factors shall be determined specifically for heated slabs. Unheated slab factors shall not be used. |
d | Exception: Integral insulated concrete block walls complying with ASTM C90 with all cores filled and meeting both of the following: |
| 1. At least 50 percent of cores must be filled with vermiculite or equivalent fill insulation; and |
| 2. The building thermal envelope encloses one or more of the following uses: Warehouse (storage and retail), gymnasium, auditorium, church chapel, arena, kennel, manufacturing plant, indoor swimming pool, pump station, water and waste water treatment facility, storage facility, storage area, motor vehicle service facility. Where additional uses not listed (such as office, retail, etc.) are contained within the building, the exterior walls that enclose these areas may not utilize this exception and must comply with the appropriate mass wall R-value from Table C402.1.3/U-factor from Table C402.1.4. |
e | "Mass floors" shall include floors weighing not less than: 1. 35 pounds per square foot of floor surface area; or 2. 25 pounds per square foot of floor surface area where the material weight is not more than 120 pounds per cubic foot. |
f | Opaque assembly U-factors based on designs tested in accordance with ASTM C1363 shall be permitted. The R-value of continuous insulation shall be permitted to be added or ((substracted))subtracted from the original test design. |
g | Peripheral edges of intermediate concrete floors are included in the above-grade mass wall category and therefore must be insulated as above-grade mass walls unless they meet the definition of Mass Transfer Deck Slab((Edge)). The area of the peripheral edges of concrete floors shall be defined as the thickness of the slab multiplied by the perimeter length of the edge condition. See Table A103.3.7.2 for typical default U-factors for above-grade slab edges and footnote c for typical conditions of above-grade slab edges. |
h | Swinging door U-factors shall be determined in accordance with NFRC-100. |
i | Garage doors having a single row of fenestration shall have an assembly U-factor less than or equal to 0.44, provided that the fenestration area is not less than 14 percent and not more than 25 percent of the total door area. |
j | Component performance in accordance with Section C402.1.5 shall be required for buildings with a mass transfer deck slab. A mass transfer deck, due to its configuration, is not insulated. The table value (U-0.20) shall be used as the baseline value for component performance or total building performance path calculations. For the proposed value, the appropriate value from Table A104.3.7.2 shall be used. |
k | Through-wall mechanical equipment subject to Section C402.1.4.3 shall be calculated at the U-factor defined in Section C402.1.4.3. The area-weighted U-factor of the wall, including through-wall mechanical equipment, shall not exceed the value in the table. |
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-03-072, filed 1/19/16, effective 7/1/16)
WAC 51-11C-402142Table ((C402.1.4.1))C402.1.4.2—Effective R-values for steel stud wall assemblies.
Table ((C402.1.4.1))C402.1.4.2
Effective R-values For Steel Stud Wall Assemblies
NOMINAL STUD DEPTH (inches) | SPACING OF FRAMING (inches) | CAVITYR-VALUE (insulation) | CORRECTION FACTOR (Fc) | EFFECTIVE R-VALUE (ER) (Cavity R-Value × Fc) |
| 3 1/2 | 16 | 13 | 0.46 | 5.98 |
| 15 | 0.43 | 6.45 |
| 3 1/2 | 24 | 13 | 0.55 | 7.15 |
| 15 | 0.52 | 7.80 |
| 6 | 16 | 19 | 0.37 | 7.03 |
| 21 | 0.35 | 7.35 |
| 6 | 24 | 19 | 0.45 | 8.55 |
| 21 | 0.43 | 9.03 |
| 8 | 16 | 25 | 0.31 | 7.75 |
| 24 | 25 | 0.38 | 9.50 |
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 20-21-080, filed 10/19/20, effective 2/1/21)
WAC 51-11C-40215Section C402.1.5—Component performance alternative.
C402.1.5 Component performance alternative. Building envelope values and fenestration areas determined in accordance with Equation 4-2 shall be permitted in lieu of compliance with the U-factors and F-factors in Table C402.1.4 and C402.4 and the maximum allowable fenestration areas in Section C402.4.1.
For buildings with more than one space conditioning category, component performance compliance shall be demonstrated separately for each space conditioning category. Interior partition ceilings, walls, fenestration and floors that separate space conditioning areas shall be applied to the component performance calculations for the space conditioning category with the highest level of space conditioning.
Equation 4-2
Proposed Total UA ≤ Allowable Total UA |
Where: | | |
Proposed Total UA | = | UA-glaz-prop + UA sky-prop + UA-opaque-prop + FL-slab-prop |
Allowable Total UA | = | UA-glaz-allow + UA-glaz-excess + UA sky-allow + UA-sky-excess + UA-opaque-allow + FL-slab-allow |
UA-glaz-prop | = | Sum of (proposed U-value x proposed area) for each distinct vertical fenestration type, up to code maximum area |
UA-sky-prop | = | Sum of (proposed U-value x proposed area) for each distinct skylight type, up to the code maximum area |
UA-opaque-prop | = | Sum of (proposed U-value x proposed area) for each distinct opaque thermal envelope type |
FL-slab-prop | = | Sum of (proposed F-value x proposed length) for each distinct slab on grade perimeter assembly |
UA-glaz-allow | = | Sum of (code maximum vertical fenestration U-value from Table C402.4, or Section C402.4.1.1.2 if applicable, x proposed area) for each distinct vertical fenestration type, not to exceed the code maximum area1 |
UA-glaz-excess | = | U-value for the proposed wall type from Table C402.42 x vertical fenestration area in excess of the code maximum area |
UA-sky-allow | = | Sum of (code maximum skylight U-value from Table C402.4 x proposed area) for each distinct skylight type proposed, not to exceed the code maximum area |
UA-sky-excess | = | U-value for the proposed roof type from Table C402.43 x skylight area in excess of the code maximum area |
UA-opaque-allow | = | Code maximum opaque envelope U-value from Table C402.1.4 for each opaque door, wall, roof, and floor assembly x proposed area |
FL-slab-allow | = | Code maximum F-value for each slab-on-grade perimeter assembly x proposed length |
Notes: | 1 Where multiple vertical fenestration types are proposed and the code maximum area is exceeded, the U-value shall be the average Table C402.1.4 U-value weighted by the proposed vertical fenestration area of each type. |
| 2 Where multiple wall types are proposed the U-value shall be the average Table C402.1.4 U-value weighted by the proposed above grade wall area of each type. |
| 3 Where multiple roof types are proposed the U-value shall be the average Table C402.1.4 U-value weighted by the proposed roof area of each type. |
C402.1.5.1 Component U-factors and F-factors. The U-factors and F-factors for typical construction assemblies are included in Chapter 3 and Appendix A. These values shall be used for all calculations. Where proposed construction assemblies are not represented in Chapter 3 or Appendix A, values shall be calculated in accordance with the ASHRAE Handbook—Fundamentals, using the framing factors listed in Appendix A.
For envelope assemblies containing metal framing, the U-factor shall be determined by one of the following methods:
1. Results of laboratory measurements according to acceptable methods of test.
2. ASHRAE Handbook—Fundamentals where the metal framing is bonded on one or both sides to a metal skin or covering.
3. The zone method as provided in ASHRAE Handbook—Fundamentals.
4. Effective framing/cavity R-values as provided in Appendix A.
When return air ceiling plenums are employed, the roof/ceiling assembly shall:
a. For thermal transmittance purposes, not include the ceiling proper nor the plenum space as part of the assembly; and
b. For gross area purposes, be based upon the interior face of the upper plenum surface.
5. Tables in ASHRAE 90.1 Normative Appendix A.
6. Calculation method for steel-framed walls in accordance with Section C402.1.4.1 and Table C402.1.4.1.
C402.1.5.2 SHGC rate calculations. Fenestration SHGC values for individual components and/or fenestration are permitted to exceed the SHGC values in Table C402.4 and/or the maximum allowable fenestration areas in Section C402.4.1 where the proposed total SHGCxA less than the allowable total SHGCxA as determined by Equation 4-3.
Equation 4-3—SHGC Rate Calculations
Proposed Total SHGCxA ≤ Allowable Total SHGCxA |
Where: | | |
Proposed Total SHGCxA | = | SHGCxA-glaz-prop + SHGCxA-sky-prop |
Allowable Total SHGCxA | = | SHGCxA-glaz-allow + SHGCxA-sky-allow |
SHGCxA-glaz-prop | = | Sum of (proposed SHGCx proposed area) for each distinct vertical fenestration type |
SHGCxA-sky-prop | = | Sum of (proposed SHGCx proposed area) for each distinct skylight type |
SHGCxA-glaz-allow | = | Sum of (code maximum vertical fenestration SHGC from Table C402.4, or Section C402.4.1.3 if applicable, x proposed area) for each distinct vertical fenestration type, not to exceed the code maximum area |
SHGCxA-sky-allow | = | Sum of (code maximum skylight SHGC from Table C402.4x proposed area) for each distinct skylight type, not to exceed the code maximum area |
If the proposed vertical fenestration area does not exceed the Vertical Fenestration Area allowed, the target area for each vertical fenestration type shall equal the proposed area. If the proposed vertical fenestration area exceeds the Vertical Fenestration Area allowed, the target area of each vertical fenestration element shall be reduced in the base envelope design by the same percentage and the net area of each above-grade wall type increased proportionately by the same percentage so that the total vertical fenestration area is exactly equal to the Vertical Fenestration Area allowed.
If the proposed skylight area does not exceed the Allowable Skylight Area from Section C402.4.1, the target area shall equal the proposed area. If the proposed skylight area exceeds the Allowable Skylight Area from Section C402.4.1, the area of each skylight element shall be reduced in the base envelope design by the same percentage and the net area of each roof type increased proportionately by the same percentage so that the total skylight area is exactly equal to the allowed percentage per Section C402.3.1 of the gross roof area.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-40220Section C402.2—Specific insulation requirements.
C402.2 Specific building thermal envelope insulation requirements. Insulation in building thermal envelope opaque assemblies shall comply with Sections C402.2.1 through ((C402.2.6))C402.2.8 and Table C402.1.3.
Where this section refers to installing insulation levels as specified in Section C402.1.3, assemblies complying prescriptively with Section C402.1.4 and buildings complying with Section C402.1.5 are allowed to install alternate levels of insulation so long as the U-factor of the insulated assembly is less than or equal to the U-factor required by the respective path.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-40221Section C402.2.1—Roof assembly.
C402.2.1Roof assembly. The minimum thermal resistance (R-value) of the insulating material installed either between the roof framing or continuously on the roof assembly shall be as specified in Table C402.1.3, based on construction materials used in the roof assembly. ((Continuous insulation board shall be installed in not less than 2 layers and the edge joints between each layer of insulation shall be staggered. Insulation installed on a suspended ceiling with removable ceiling tiles shall not be considered part of the minimum thermal resistance of the roof insulation.))
EXCEPTIONS: | ((1. Continuously insulated roof assemblies where the thickness of insulation varies 1 inch (25 mm) or less and where the area-weighted U-factor is equivalent to the same assembly with the R-value specified in Table C402.1.3.)) |
| ((2.))1. Where tapered insulation is used with insulation entirely above deck, those roof assemblies shall show compliance on a U-factor basis per Section C402.1.4. The effective U-factor shall be determined through the use of Tables A102.2.6(1), A102.2.6(2) and A102.2.6(3). |
| ((3.))2. Two layers of insulation are not required where insulation tapers to the roof deck, such as at roof drains. At roof drains, the immediate 24 inch by 24 inch plan area around each roof drain has a minimum insulation requirement of R-13, but otherwise is permitted to be excluded from the roof insulation area-weighted calculations. |
C402.2.1.1 Minimum thickness, lowest point. The minimum thickness of above-deck roof insulation at its lowest point, gutter edge, roof drain or scupper, shall be not less than 1 inch (25 mm).
C402.2.1.2 Suspended ceilings. Insulation installed on suspended ceilings having removable ceiling tiles shall not be considered part of the minimum thermal resistance (R-value) of roof insulation in roof/ceiling construction.
C402.2.1.3 Skylight curbs. Skylight curbs shall be insulated to the level of roofs with insulation entirely above deck or R-5, whichever is less.
EXCEPTION: | Unit skylight curbs included as a component of a skylight listed and labeled in accordance with NFRC 100 shall not be required to be insulated. |
C402.2.1.4 Rooftop HVAC equipment curbs. Structural curbs installed to support rooftop HVAC equipment are allowed to interrupt the above roof insulation. The area under the HVAC equipment inside of the equipment curb shall be insulated to a minimum of R-13 in all locations where there are not roof openings for ductwork. The annular space between the roof opening and the ductwork shall be sealed to maintain the building air barrier. The plan-view area of the HVAC equipment curb shall be excluded from the prescriptive roof insulation requirements or the area-weighted component performance calculations.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-402211((Skylight curbs.))Reserved.
((C402.2.1.1 Skylight curbs. Skylight curbs shall be insulated to the level of roofs with insulation entirely above deck or R-5, whichever is less.
EXCEPTION: | Unit skylight curbs included as a component of a skylight listed and labeled in accordance with NFRC 100 shall not be required to be insulated. |
C402.2.1.2 Rooftop HVAC equipment curbs. Structural curbs installed to support rooftop HVAC equipment are allowed to interrupt the above roof insulation. The area under the HVAC equipment inside of the equipment curb shall be insulated to a minimum of R-13 in all locations where there are not roof openings for ductwork. The annular space between the roof opening and the ductwork shall be sealed to maintain the building air barrier. The plan-view area of the HVAC equipment curb shall be excluded from the prescriptive roof insulation requirements or the area-weighted component performance calculations.))
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-40222((Reserved.))Section C402.2.2—Above-grade walls.
C402.2.2 Above-grade walls. The minimum thermal resistance (R-value) of materials installed in the wall cavity between the framing members and continuously on the walls shall be as specified in Table C402.1.3, based on framing type and construction materials used in the wall assembly. The R-value of integral insulation installed in concrete masonry units (CMU) shall not be used in determining compliance with Table C402.1.3 except as otherwise noted in the table. In determining compliance with Table C402.1.4, the use of the U-factor of concrete masonry units with integral insulation shall be permitted.
"Mass walls" where used as a component in the thermal envelope of a building shall comply with one of the following:
1. Weigh not less than 35 psf (170 kg/m2) of wall surface area.
2. Weigh not less than 25 psf (120 kg/m2) of wall surface area where the material weight is not more than 120 pounds per cubic foot (pcf) (1,900 kg/m3).
3. Have a heat capacity exceeding 7 Btu/ft2 × °F (144 kJ/m2 × K).
4. Have a heat capacity exceeding 5 Btu/ft2 × °F (103 kJ/m2 × K) where the material weight is not more than 120 pcf (1900 kg/m3).
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-40223Section C402.2.3—((Above-grade walls))Floors.
((C402.2.3 Above-grade walls. The minimum thermal resistance (R-value) of materials installed in the wall cavity between the framing members and continuously on the walls shall be as specified in Table C402.1.3, based on framing type and construction materials used in the wall assembly. The R-value of integral insulation installed in concrete masonry units (CMU) shall not be used in determining compliance with Table C402.1.3 except as otherwise noted in the table. In determining compliance with Table C402.1.4, the use of the U-factor of concrete masonry units with integral insulation shall be permitted.
"Mass walls" where used as a component in the thermal envelope of a building shall comply with one of the following:
1. Weigh not less than 35 psf (170 kg/m2) of wall surface area.
2. Weigh not less than 25 psf (120 kg/m2) of wall surface area where the material weight is not more than 120 pounds per cubic foot (pcf) (1,900 kg/m3).
3. Have a heat capacity exceeding 7 Btu/ft2 x °F (144 kJ/m2 x K).
4. Have a heat capacity exceeding 5 Btu/ft2 x °F (103 kJ/m2 x K) where the material weight is not more than 120 pcf (1900 kg/m3).))
C402.2.3 Floors. The thermal properties (component R-values or assembly U- or F-factors) of floor assemblies over outdoor air or unconditioned space shall be as specified in Table C402.1.3 or C402.1.4 based on the construction materials used in the floor assembly. Floor framing cavity insulation or structural slab insulation shall be installed to maintain permanent contact with the underside of the subfloor decking or structural slabs.
"Mass floors" where used as a component of the thermal envelope of a building shall provide one of the following weights:
1. Thirty-five pounds per square foot of floor surface area;
2. Twenty-five pounds per square foot of floor surface area where the material weight is not more than 120 pounds per cubic foot.
EXCEPTIONS: | 1. The floor framing cavity insulation or structural slab insulation shall be permitted to be in contact with the top side of sheathing or continuous insulation installed on the bottom side of floor assemblies where combined with insulation that meets or exceeds the minimum R-value in Table C402.1.3 for "Metal framed" or "Wood framed and other" values for "Walls, Above Grade" and extends from the bottom to the top of all perimeter floor framing or floor assembly members. |
| 2. Insulation applied to the underside of concrete floor slabs shall be permitted an air space of not more than 1 inch where it turns up and is in contact with the underside of the floor under walls associated with the building thermal envelope. |
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-40224Section C402.2.4—((Below-grade walls))Slab-on-grade.
((C402.2.4 Below-grade walls. The R-value of the insulating material installed in, or continuously on, the below-grade walls shall be in accordance with Table C402.1.3. The U-factor or R-value required shall extend to the level of the lowest floor of the conditioned space enclosed by the below-grade wall.))C402.2.4 Slabs-on-grade. The minimum thermal resistance (R-value) of the insulation for unheated or heated slab-on-grade floors designed in accordance with the R-value method of Section C402.1.3 shall be as specified in Table C402.1.3.
C402.2.4.1 Insulation installation. Where installed, the perimeter insulation shall be placed on the outside of the foundation or on the inside of the foundation wall. The perimeter insulation shall extend downward from the top of the slab for a minimum distance as shown in the table or to the top of the footing, whichever is less, or downward to not less than the bottom of the slab and then horizontally to the interior or exterior for the total distance shown in the table. Insulation extending away from the building shall be protected by pavement or by a minimum of 10 inches (254 mm) of soil. Where installed, full slab insulation shall be continuous under the entire area of the slab-on-grade floor, except at structural column locations and service penetrations. Insulation required at the heated slab perimeter shall not be required to extend below the bottom of the heated slab and shall be continuous with the full slab insulation.
EXCEPTION: | Where the slab-on-grade floor is greater than 24 inches (61 mm) below the finished exterior grade, perimeter insulation is not required. |
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-40225Section C402.2.5—((Floors))Below-grade walls.
((C402.2.5 Floors. The thermal properties (component R-values or assembly U- or F-factors) of floor assemblies over outdoor air or unconditioned space shall be as specified in Table C402.1.3 or C402.1.4 based on the construction materials used in the floor assembly. Floor framing cavity insulation or structural slab insulation shall be installed to maintain permanent contact with the underside of the subfloor decking or structural slabs.
"Mass floors" where used as a component of the thermal envelope of a building shall provide one of the following weights:
1. 35 pounds per square foot of floor surface area;
2. 25 pounds per square foot of floor surface area where the material weight is not more than 120 pounds per cubic foot.
EXCEPTIONS: | 1. The floor framing cavity insulation or structural slab insulation shall be permitted to be in contact with the top side of sheathing or continuous insulation installed on the bottom side of floor assemblies where combined with insulation that meets or exceeds the minimum R-value in Table C402.1.3 for "Metal framed" or "Wood framed and other" values for "Walls, Above Grade" and extends from the bottom to the top of all perimeter floor framing or floor assembly members. |
| 2. Insulation applied to the underside of concrete floor slabs shall be permitted an air space of not more than 1 inch where it turns up and is in contact with the underside of the floor under walls associated with the building thermal envelope.)) |
C402.2.5 Below-grade walls. The R-value of the insulating material installed in, or continuously on, the below-grade walls shall be in accordance with Table C402.1.3. The U-factor or R-value required shall extend to the level of the lowest floor of the conditioned space enclosed by the below-grade wall.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-03-072, filed 1/19/16, effective 7/1/16)
WAC 51-11C-40226Section C402.2.6—((Slab-on-grade perimeter insulation))Insulation of radiant heating systems.
((C402.2.6 Slabs-on-grade perimeter insulation. Where the slab-on-grade is in contact with the ground, the minimum thermal resistance (R-value) of the insulation around the perimeter of unheated or heated slab-on-grade floors designed in accordance with the R-value method of Section C402.1.3 shall be as specified in Table C402.1.3. The insulation shall be placed on the outside of the foundation or on the inside of the foundation wall. The insulation shall extend downward from the top of the slab for a minimum distance as shown in the table or to the top of the footing, whichever is less, or downward to at least the bottom of the slab and then horizontally to the interior or exterior for the total distance shown in the table. Insulation extending away from the building shall be protected by pavement or by a minimum of 10 inches (254 mm) of soil. Insulation complying with Table C402.1.3 shall be provided under the entire area of heated slabs on grade.
EXCEPTION: | Where the slab-on-grade floor is greater than 24 inches (61 mm) below the finished exterior grade, perimeter insulation is not required.)) |
C402.2.6 Insulation of radiant heating systems.Radiant heating system panels, and their associated components that are installed in interior or exterior assemblies shall be insulated to an R-value of not less than R-3.5 on all surfaces not facing the space being heated. Radiant heating system panels that are installed in the building thermal envelope shall be separated from the exterior of the building or unconditioned or exempt spaces by not less than the R-value of insulation installed in the opaque assembly in which they are installed or the assembly shall comply with Section C402.1.4.
EXCEPTION: | Heated slabs on grade insulated in accordance with Section C402.2.4. |
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-40227Section C402.2.7—Airspaces.
C402.2.7 Airspaces. Where the ((thermal properties))R-value of an airspace((s are))is used ((to comply with this code))for compliance in accordance with Section C401.2, ((such))the airspace((s)) shall be enclosed in an unventilated cavity constructed to minimize airflow into and out of the enclosed airspace. Airflow shall be deemed minimized where the enclosed airspace is located on the interior side of the continuous air barrier and is bounded on all sides by building components.
EXCEPTION: | The thermal resistance of airspaces located on the exterior side of the continuous air barrier and adjacent to and behind the exterior wall covering material shall be determined in accordance with ASTM C1363 modified with an airflow entering the bottom and exiting the top of the airspace at a minimum air movement rate of not less than 70 mm/sec. |
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-40228Section C402.2.8—((Insulation of radiant heating systems))Above-grade exterior concrete slabs.
((C402.2.8 Insulation of radiant heating systems.Radiant heating system panels, and their associated components that are installed in interior or exterior assemblies shall be insulated to an R-value of not less than R-3.5 on all surfaces not facing the space being heated. Radiant heating system panels that are installed in the building thermal envelope shall be separated from the exterior of the building or unconditioned or exempt spaces by not less than the R-value of insulation installed in the opaque assembly in which they are installed or the assembly shall comply with Section C402.1.4.
EXCEPTION: | Heated slabs on grade insulated in accordance with Section C402.2.6.)) |
C402.2.8 Above-grade exterior concrete slabs. Above-grade concrete slabs that penetrate the building thermal envelope including, but not limited to, decks and balconies, shall each include a minimum R-10 thermal break, aligned with the primary insulating layer in the adjoining wall assemblies. Stainless steel (but not carbon steel) reinforcing bars are permitted to penetrate the thermal break. If the total building performance path or the component performance alternative in Section C402.1.5 is utilized and the thermal break required by this section is not provided where concrete slabs penetrate the building thermal envelope, the sectional area of the penetration shall be assigned the default U-factors from the "exposed concrete" row of Table A103.3.7.2.
EXCEPTION: | Mass transfer deck slabs. |
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-11C-40229Section C402.2.9—Vertical fenestration intersection with opaque walls.
C402.2.9 Vertical fenestration intersection with opaque walls.Vertical fenestration shall comply with Items 1, 2, and 3, as applicable.
1. Where wall assemblies include continuous insulation, the exterior glazing layer of vertical fenestration and any required thermal break in the frame shall each be aligned within 2 inches laterally of either face of the continuous insulation layer.
2. Where wall assemblies do not include continuous insulation, the exterior glazing layer of vertical fenestration and any required thermal break in the frame shall each be aligned within the thickness of the wall insulation layer and not more than 2 inches laterally from the exterior face of the outermost insulation layer.
3. Where the exterior face of the vertical fenestration frame does not extend to the exterior face of the opaque wall rough opening, the exposed exterior portion of the rough opening shall be covered with either a material having an R-value not less than R-3, or with minimum 1.5-inch thickness wood.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-40230Section C402.4—Fenestration.
C402.3 Reserved.
C402.4 Fenestration. Fenestration shall comply with Sections C402.4 through C402.4.4 and Table C402.4. Daylight responsive controls shall comply with this section and Section ((C405.2.4.1))C405.2.5.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-402300Table C402.4—Building envelope requirements—Fenestration.
Table C402.4
Building Envelope Fenestration Maximum U-factor and SHGC Requirements
CLIMATE ZONE | 5 AND MARINE 4 |
U-factor for Class AW windows rated in accordance with AAMA/CSA101/I.S.2/A440, vertical curtain walls and site-built fenestration productsa |
FixedbU-factor | ((U-0.38)) U-0.34 |
OperablecU-factor | ((U-0.40)) U-0.36 |
Entrance doorsd |
U-factor | U-0.60 |
U-factor for all other vertical fenestration |
FixedU-factor | ((U-0.30)) U-0.26 |
Operable or mulled windows with fixed and operable sections U-factor | U-0.28 |
SHGC for all vertical fenestration |
((Orientatione,f)) | ((SEW)) Fixed | ((N)) Operable |
PF < 0.2 | 0.38 | ((0.51)) 0.33 |
0.2 ≤ PF < 0.5 | 0.46 | ((0.56)) 0.40 |
PF ≥ 0.5 | 0.61 | ((0.61)) 0.53 |
Skylights |
U-factor | U-0.50 |
SHGC | 0.35 |
a | U-factor and SHGC shall be rated in accordance with NFRC 100. |
b | "Fixed" includes curtain wall, storefront, picture windows, and other fixed windows. |
c | "Operable" includes openable fenestration products other than "entrance doors." |
d | "Entrance door" includes glazed swinging entrance doors. Other doors which are not entrance doors, including sliding glass doors, are considered "operable." |
e | (("N" indicates vertical fenestration oriented within 30 degrees of true north. "SEW" indicates orientations other than "N."))Reserved. |
f | Fenestration that is entirely within the conditioned space or is between conditioned and other enclosed space is exempt from solar heat gain coefficient requirements and not included in the SHGC calculation. |
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-40231Section C402.4.1—Maximum area.
C402.4.1 Maximum area. The total building vertical fenestration area (not including opaque doors and opaque spandrel panels) shall not exceed 30 percent of the total building gross above-grade wall area. The skylight area shall not exceed 5 percent of the total building gross roof area (skylight-to-roof ratio).
For buildings with more than one space conditioning category, compliance with the maximum allowed window-to-wall ratio and skylight-to-roof ratio shall be demonstrated separately for each space conditioning category. Interior partition ceiling, wall, fenestration and floor areas that separate space conditioning areas shall not be applied to the window-to-wall ratio and skylight-to-roof ratio calculations.
C402.4.1.1 Vertical fenestration maximum area withhigh performance alternates. For buildings that comply with Section C402.4.1.1.1 or C402.4.1.1.2, the total building vertical fenestration area is permitted to exceed 30 percent but shall not exceed 40 percent of the gross above grade wall area for the purpose of prescriptive compliance with Section C402.1.4.
When determining compliance using the component performance alternative in accordance with Section C402.1.5, the total building vertical fenestration area allowed in Equation 4-2 is 40 percent of the above grade wall area for buildings that comply with the vertical fenestration alternates described in this section.
C402.4.1.1.1 Optimized daylighting. All of the following requirements shall be met:
1. Not less than 50 percent of the total conditioned floor area in the building is within a daylight zone that includes daylight responsive controls complying with Section ((C405.2.4.1))C405.2.5.1.
2. Visible transmittance (VT) of all vertical fenestration in the building is greater than or equal to 1.1 times the required solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) in accordance with Section C402.4, or 0.50, whichever is greater. It shall be permitted to demonstrate compliance based on the area weighted average VT being greater than or equal to the area weighted average of the minimum VT requirements.
EXCEPTION: | Fenestration that is outside the scope of NFRC 200 is not required to comply with Item 2. |
C402.4.1.1.2 High-performance fenestration. All of the following requirements shall be met:
1. All vertical fenestration in the building shall comply with the following U-factors:
a. U-factor for Class AW windows rated in accordance with AAMA/CSA101/I.S.2/A440, vertical curtain walls and site-built fenestration products (fixed) = ((0.34))0.31
b. U-factor for Class AW windows rated in accordance with AAMA/CSA101/I.S.2/A440, vertical curtain walls and site-built fenestration products (operable) = 0.36
c. Entrance doors = 0.60
d. U-factor for all other vertical fenestration, fixed = ((0.28))0.23
e. U-factor for all other vertical fenestration, operable, or mulled windows with fixed and operable sections = 0.24
2. The SHGC of the vertical fenestration shall be ((less than or equal to 0.35, adjusted for projection factor in compliance with C402.4.3))no more than 0.90 times the maximum SHGC values listed in Table C402.4.
An area-weighted average shall be permitted to satisfy the U-factor requirement for each fenestration product category listed in Item 1 of this section. Individual fenestration products from different fenestration product categories shall not be combined in calculating the area-weighted average U-factor, except that fenestration from lines a. and b. are permitted to be combined.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-40232Section C402.4.2—Minimum skylight fenestration area.
C402.4.2 Minimum skylight fenestration area.((For buildings with single story))Skylights shall be provided in enclosed spaces that meet all the following criteria:
1. Floor area of enclosed spaces is greater than 2,500 square feet (232 m2) ((in floor area that are)).
2. Space is located directly under a roof and have a ceiling height greater than 15 feet (4572 mm) for no less than 75 percent of the ceiling area((, these single-story spaces shall be provided with skylights and daylight responsive controls in accordance with Section C405.2.4)).
3. Space type((s required to comply with this provision include))is one of the following: Office, lobby, atrium, concourse, corridor, gymnasium/exercise center, convention center, automotive service, manufacturing, nonrefrigerated warehouse, retail store, distribution/sorting area, transportation, and workshop.
Skylights in these spaces are required to provide a total toplit daylight zone area not less than 50 percent of the floor area and shall provide one of the following:
1. A minimum ratio of skylight area to toplit daylight zone area under skylights of not less than 3 percent where all skylights have a VT of at least 0.40, or VTannual of not less than 0.26, as determined in accordance with Section C303.1.3.
2. A minimum skylight effective aperture ((of at least 1 percent)), determined in accordance with Equation 4-5, of:
2.1. Not less than 1 percent using a skylight's VT rating; or
2.2. Not less than 0.66 percent using a tubular daylight device's VTannual rating.
| Skylight Effective Aperture | = | (0.85 x Skylight Area x Skylight VT x WF)/ Toplit daylight zone | |
(Equation 4-5)
Where: | | |
Skylight area | = | Total fenestration area of skylights. |
Skylight VT | = | Area weighted average visible transmittance of skylights. |
WF | = | Area weighted average well factor, where well factor is 0.9 if light well depth is less than 2 feet (610 mm), or 0.7 if light well depth is 2 feet (610 mm) or greater, or 1.0 for tubular daylighting devices (TDD) with ((VT-annual))VTannual ratings measured in accordance with NFRC 203. |
Light well depth | = | Measure vertically from the underside of the lowest point of the skylight glazing to the ceiling plane under the skylight. |
EXCEPTIONS: | 1. Skylights above daylight zones of enclosed spaces are not required in: |
| 1.1. ((Reserved.))Spaces designed as storm shelters complying with ICC 500. |
| 1.2. Spaces where the designed general lighting power densities are less than 0.5 W/ft2 (5.4 W/m2) and at least 10 percent lower than the lighting power allowance in Section C405.4.2. |
| 1.3. Areas where it is documented that existing structures or natural objects block direct beam sunlight on at least half of the roof over the enclosed area for more than 1,500 daytime hours per year between 8 a.m. and 4 p.m. |
| 1.4. Spaces where the daylight zone under rooftop monitors is greater than 50 percent of the enclosed space floor area. |
| 1.5. Spaces where the total floor area minus the sidelit daylight zone area is less than 2,500 square feet (232 m2), and where the lighting in the daylight zone is controlled in accordance with Section C405.2.3.1. |
| 2. The skylight effective aperture, calculated in accordance with Equation 4-5, is permitted to be 0.66 percent in lieu of 1 percent if the ((VT-annual))VTannual of the skylight or TDD, as measured by NFRC 203, is greater than 38 percent. |
C402.4.2.1 Lighting controls in daylight zones under skylights. Daylight responsive controls ((complying with Section C405.2.4.1)) shall be provided to control all electric lights within toplit daylight zones.
C402.4.2.2 Haze factor. Skylights in office, storage, automotive service, manufacturing, nonrefrigerated warehouse, retail store, and distribution/sorting area spaces shall have a glazing material or diffuser with a haze factor greater than 90 percent when tested in accordance with ASTM D 1003.
EXCEPTION: | Skylights and tubular daylighting devices designed and installed to exclude direct sunlight entering the occupied space by the use of fixed or automated baffles, or the geometry of skylight and light well. |
C402.4.2.3 Daylight zones. Daylight zones referenced in Sections C402.4.1.1 through C402.4.2.2 shall comply with Sections((C405.2.4.2 and C405.2.4.3))C405.2.5.2 and C405.2.5.3, as applicable. Daylight zones shall include toplit daylight zones and sidelit daylight zones.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-40234Section C402.4.4—Doors.
C402.4.4 Doors. Opaque ((swinging)) doors shall ((comply with Table C402.1.4. Opaque nonswinging doors shall comply with Table C402.1.3. Opaque doors shall)) be considered part of the gross area of above-grade walls that are part of the building thermal envelope, including the frame. Opaque doors shall comply with Table C402.1.4. Other doors shall comply with the provisions of Section C402.4.3 for vertical fenestration ((and the entire door area, including the frame, shall be considered part of the fenestration area of the building thermal envelope)).
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-40241Section C402.5.1—Air barriers.
C402.5.1 Air barriers. A continuous air barrier shall be provided throughout the building thermal envelope. The continuous air barriers shall be ((permitted to be)) located on the inside or outside of the building thermal envelope, located within the assemblies composing the building thermal envelope, or any combination thereof. The air barrier shall comply with Sections C402.5.1.1 and C402.5.1.2.
C402.5.1.1 Air barrier construction. The continuous air barrier shall be constructed to comply with the following:
1. The air barrier shall be continuous for all assemblies that are the thermal envelope of the building and across the joints and assemblies.
2. Air barrier joints and seams shall be sealed, including sealing transitions in places and changes in materials. The joints and seals shall be securely installed in or on the joint for its entire length so as not to dislodge, loosen or otherwise impair its ability to resist positive and negative pressure from wind, stack effect and mechanical ventilation.
3. Penetrations of the air barrier shall be caulked, gasketed or otherwise sealed in a manner compatible with the construction materials and location. Sealing shall allow for expansion, contraction and mechanical vibration. Joints and seams associated with penetrations shall be sealed in the same manner or taped. Sealing materials shall be securely installed around the penetration so as not to dislodge, loosen or otherwise impair the penetrations' ability to resist positive and negative pressure from wind, stack effect, and mechanical ventilation. Sealing of concealed fire sprinklers, where required, shall be in a manner that is recommended by the manufacturer. Caulking or other adhesive sealants shall not be used to fill voids between fire sprinkler cover plates and walls or ceilings.
4. Recessed lighting fixtures shall comply with Section C402.5.8. Where similar objects are installed which penetrate the air barrier, provisions shall be made to maintain the integrity of the air barrier.
5. Construction documents shall contain a diagram showing the building's pressure boundary in plan(s) and section(s) and a calculation of the area of the pressure boundary to be considered in the test.
C402.5.1.2 ((Building test. The completed building shall be tested and the air leakage rate of the building envelope shall not exceed 0.25 cfm/ft2 at a pressure differential of 0.3 inches water gauge (2.0 L/s • m2 at 75 Pa) at the upper 95 percent confidence interval in accordance with ASTM E 779 or an equivalent method approved by the code official. A report that includes the tested surface area, floor area, air by volume, stories above grade, and leakage rates shall be submitted to the building owner and the Code Official. If the tested rate exceeds that defined here by up to 0.15 cfm/ft2, a visual inspection of the air barrier shall be conducted and any leaks noted shall be sealed to the extent practicable. An additional report identifying the corrective actions taken to seal air leaks shall be submitted to the building owner and the Code Official and any further requirement to meet the leakage air rate will be waived. If the tested rate exceeds 0.40 cfm/ft2, corrective actions must be made and the test completed again. A test above 0.40 cfm/ft2 will not be accepted.
1. Test shall be accomplished using either (1) both pressurization and depressurization or (2) pressurization alone, but not depressurization alone. The test results shall be plotted against the corrected P in accordance with Section 9.4 of ASTM E 779.
2. The test pressure range shall be from 25 Pa to 80 Pa per Section 8.10 of ASTM E 779, but the upper limit shall not be less than 50 Pa, and the difference between the upper and lower limit shall not be less than 25 Pa.
3. If the pressure exponent n is less than 0.45 or greater than 0.85 per Section 9.6.4 of ASTM E 779, the test shall be rerun with additional readings over a longer time interval.
C402.5.1.2.1))Air barrier compliance. A continuous air barrier for the opaque building envelope shall comply with the following:
1. Group R dwelling units that are accessed directly from the outdoors shall meet the provisions of Section C402.5.2.
2. All other buildings or portions of buildings shall meet the provisions of Section C402.5.3.
C402.5.2 Enclosure testing for dwelling and sleeping unit accessed directly from the outdoors. For dwelling units accessed directly from outdoors, the building thermal envelope shall be tested in accordance with ASTM E779, ANSI/RESNET/ICC 380, ASTM E1827 or an equivalent method approved by the code official. The measured air leakage shall not exceed 0.25 cfm/ft2 (1.27 L/s m2) of the testing unit enclosure area at a pressure differential of 0.2 inch water gauge (50 Pa). Where multiple dwelling units or sleeping units or other occupiable conditioned spaces are contained within one building thermal envelope and are accessed directly from the outdoors, each unit shall be considered an individual testing unit, and the building air leakage shall be the weighted average of all testing unit results, weighted by each testing unit's enclosure area. Units shall be tested separately with an unguarded blower door test as follows:
1. Where buildings have fewer than eight testing units, each testing unit shall be tested.
2. For buildings with eight or more testing units, the greater of seven units or 20 percent of the testing units in the building shall be tested, including a top floor unit, a ground floor unit and a unit with the largest testing unit enclosure area. For each tested unit that exceeds the maximum air leakage rate, an additional two units shall be tested, including a mixture of testing unit types and locations.
3. Test shall be accomplished using either a) both pressurization and depressurization or b) pressurization alone, but not depressurization alone. The test results shall be plotted against the correct P for pressurization in accordance with Section 9.4 of ASTM E779.
Where the measured air leakage rate exceeds 0.25 cfm/ft2 (2.0 L/s x m2) corrective action shall be taken to seal leaks in the air barrier in all units exceeding the target value and all untested units. Post-corrective action testing and repeated corrective action measures will be taken until the required air leakage rating is achieved. Final passing air leakage test results shall be submitted to the code official.
C402.5.3 Building thermal envelope testing. The building thermal envelope shall be tested in accordance with ASTM E779, ANSI/RESNET/ICC 380, ASTM E3158 or ASTM E1827 or an equivalent method approved by the code official. The measured air leakage shall not exceed 0.25 cfm/ft2 (1.27 L/s × m2) of the building thermal envelope area at a pressure differential of 0.3 inch water gauge (75 Pa). Alternatively, portions of the building shall be tested and the measured air leakages shall be area weighted by the surface areas of the building envelope in each portion. The weighted average test results shall not exceed the whole building leakage limit. In the alternative approach, the following portions of the building shall be tested:
1. The entire envelope area of all stories that have any spaces directly under a roof.
2. The entire envelope area of all stories that have a building entrance, exposed floor, or loading dock, or are below grade.
3. Representative above-grade sections of the building totaling at least 25 percent of the wall area enclosing the remaining conditioned space.
4. Test shall be accomplished using either a) both pressurization and depressurization or b) pressurization alone, but not depressurization alone. The test results shall be plotted against the correct P for pressurization in accordance with Section 9.4 of ASTM E779.
Where the measured air leakage rate exceeds 0.25 cfm/ft2 (2.0 L/s x m2) corrective action shall be taken to seal leaks in the air barrier. Post-corrective action testing and repeated corrective action measures will be taken until the required air leakage rating is achieved. Final passing of the air leakage test results shall be submitted to the code official.
C402.5.4 Building test for mixed-use buildings. Where a building is three or fewer stories above grade plane and contains both commercial and residential uses, the air barrier of the R-2 and R-3 occupancy areas of the building is permitted to be separately tested according to Section R402.4.1.2. Alternatively, it is permissible to test the air barrier of the entire building according to Section ((C402.5.1.2))C402.5.3, provided that the tested air leakage rate does not exceed the rate specified in Section ((C402.5.1.2))C402.5.3.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-40243Section ((C402.5.3))C402.5.5—Rooms containing fuel-burning appliances.
((C402.5.3))C402.5.5 Rooms containing fuel-burning appliances. Where combustion air is supplied through openings in an exterior wall to a room or space containing a space conditioning fuel-burning appliance, one of the following shall apply:
1. The room or space containing the appliance shall be located outside of the building thermal envelope.
2. The room or space containing the appliance shall be enclosed and isolated from conditioned spaces inside the building thermal envelope. Such rooms shall comply with all of the following:
2.1. The walls, floor and ceiling that separate the enclosed room or space from the conditioned spaces shall be insulated to be at least equivalent to the insulation requirement of below grade walls as specified in Table C402.1.3 or C402.1.4.
2.2. The walls, floors and ceilings that separate the enclosed room or space from conditioned spaces be sealed in accordance with Section C402.5.1.1.
2.3. The doors into the enclosed room or space shall be fully gasketed.
2.4. Water lines and ducts in the enclosed room or space shall be insulated in accordance with Section C403.
2.5. Where the air duct supplying combustion air to the enclosed room or space passes through conditioned space, the duct shall be insulated to an R-value of not less than ((R-8))R-16.
EXCEPTION: | Fireplaces and stoves complying with Sections 901 through 905 of the International Mechanical Code, and Section 2111.13 of the International Building Code. |
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-40244Section ((C402.5.4))C402.5.6—Doors and access openings.
((C402.5.4))C402.5.6 Doors and access openings to shafts, chutes, stairways, and elevator lobbies. Doors and access openings from conditioned space to shafts, chutes, stairways and elevator lobbies shall be gasketed, weatherstripped or sealed.
EXCEPTIONS: | 1. Door openings required to comply with Section 716 of the International Building Code. |
| 2. Doors and door openings required to comply with UL 1784 by the International Building Code. |
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-40245Section ((C402.5.5))C402.5.7—Air intakes, exhaust openings, stairways and shafts.
((C402.5.5))C402.5.7 Air intakes, exhaust openings, stairways and shafts. Stairway enclosures, elevator shaft vents and other outdoor air intakes and exhaust openings integral to the building envelope shall be provided with dampers in accordance with Section ((C403.7.9))C403.7.8.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-40246Section ((C402.5.6))C402.5.8—Loading dock weatherseals.
((C402.5.6))C402.5.8 Loading dock weatherseals. Cargo door openings and loading dock door openings shall be equipped with weatherseals that restrict infiltration and provide direct contact along the top and sides of vehicles that are parked in the doorway.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-40247Section ((C402.5.7))C402.5.9—Vestibules.
((C402.5.7))C402.5.9 Vestibules. All building entrances shall be protected with an enclosed vestibule, with all doors opening into and out of the vestibule equipped with self-closing devices. Vestibules shall be designed so that in passing through the vestibule it is not necessary for the interior and exterior doors to open at the same time. The installation of one or more revolving doors in the building entrance shall not eliminate the requirement that a vestibule be provided on any doors adjacent to revolving doors. For the purposes of this section, "building entrances" shall include exit-only doors in buildings where separate doors for entering and exiting are provided.
Interior and exterior doors shall have a minimum distance between them of not less than 7 feet. The exterior envelope of conditioned vestibules shall comply with the requirements for a conditioned space. Either the interior or exterior envelope of unconditioned vestibules shall comply with the requirements for a conditioned space. The building lobby is not considered a vestibule.
EXCEPTION: | Vestibules are not required for the following: |
| 1. Doors not intended to be used as building entrances. |
| 2. Unfinished ground-level space greater than 3,000 square feet (298 m2) if a note is included on the permit documents at each exterior entrance to the space stating "Vestibule required at time of tenant build-out if entrance serves a space greater than 3,000 square feet in area." |
| 3. Doors opening directly from a sleeping unit or dwelling unit. |
| 4. Doors between an enclosed space smaller than 3,000 square feet (298 m2) in area and the exterior of the building or the building entrance lobby, where those doors do not comprise one of the primary building entrance paths to the remainder of the building. The space must be enclosed and separated without transfer air paths from the primary building entrance paths. If there are doors between the space and the primary entrance path, then the doors shall be equipped with self-closing devices so the space acts as a vestibule for the primary building entrance. |
| 5. Revolving doors. |
| 6. Doors used primarily to facilitate vehicular movement or material handling and adjacent personnel doors. |
| 7. In buildings less than 3 stories above grade or in spaces that do not directly connect with the building elevator lobby, doors that have an air curtain with a velocity of not less than 6.56 feet per second (2 m/s) at the floor that have been tested in accordance with ANSI/AMCA 220 and installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Manual or automatic controls shall be provided that will operate the air curtain with the opening and closing of the door. Air curtains and their controls shall comply with Section C408.2.3. |
| 8. Building entrances in buildings that are less than four stories above grade and less than 10,000 ft2 in area. |
| 9. Elevator doors in parking garages provided that the elevators have an enclosed lobby at each level of the garage. |
| 10. Entrances to semi-heated spaces. |
| 11. Doors that are used only to access outdoor seating areas that are separated from adjacent walking areas by a fence or other barrier. |
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 16-03-072, filed 1/19/16, effective 7/1/16)
WAC 51-11C-40248Section ((C402.5.8))C402.5.10—Recessed lighting.
((C402.5.8))C402.5.10 Recessed lighting. Recessed luminaires installed in the building thermal envelope shall be all of the following:
1. IC rated.
2. Labeled as having an air leakage rate of not more than 2.0 cfm (0.944 L/s) when tested in accordance with ASTM E 283 at a 1.57 psf (75 Pa) pressure differential.
3. Sealed with a gasket or caulk between the housing and interior wall or ceiling covering.
C402.5.11 Operable openings interlocking. Where any operable openings to the outdoors are larger than 48 square feet (4.47 m2) in area, such openings shall be interlocked with the heating and cooling system as required by Section C403.4.1.6.
EXCEPTIONS: | 1. Separately zoned areas associated with the preparation of food that contain appliances that contribute to the HVAC loads of a restaurant or similar type of occupancy. |
| 2. Warehouses that utilize overhead doors for the function of the occupancy, where approved by the code official. |
| 3. The outer entrance doors where located in the exterior wall and are part of a vestibule system. |
| 4. Alterations to existing buildings. |
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 20-21-080, filed 10/19/20, effective 2/1/21)
WAC 51-11C-40310Section C403.1—General.
C403.1 General. Mechanical systems and equipment serving heating, cooling, ventilating, and other needs shall comply with this section.
EXCEPTIONS: | 1. Energy using equipment used by a manufacturing, industrial or commercial process other than for conditioning spaces or maintaining comfort and amenities for the occupants ((and not otherwise regulated by))are exempt from all Section C403 subsections except for Section C403.3.2, Tables C403.3.2 (1) through (((12)))(16) inclusive, Sections C403.3.4.1, C403.3.4.2, C403.3.4.3, C403.7.7, C403.9.2.1, C403.10.3, C403.11.2, and C403.11.3, ((C404.2, Table C404.2, C405.8 and C410))as applicable. Data center and computer room HVAC equipment is not covered by this exception. |
| 2. Data center systems are exempt from Sections C403.4 and C403.5. |
C403.1.1 HVAC total system performance ratio (HVAC TSPR). For systems serving office (including medical office), retail, library, and education occupancies and buildings, which are subject to the requirements of Section C403.3.5 without exceptions, and the dwelling units and residential common areas within Group R-2 multi-family buildings, the HVAC total system performance ratio (HVAC TSPR) of the proposed design HVAC system shall be ((more))greater than or equal to the HVAC TSPR of the standard reference design as calculated according to Appendix D, Calculation of HVAC Total System Performance Ratio.
EXCEPTIONS: | 1. Buildings ((with conditioned floor area less than 5,000 square feet))where the sum of the conditioned floor area of office, retail, education, library and multifamily spaces is less than 5,000 square feet. Areas that are eligible for any of the exceptions below do not count towards the 5,000 square feet. |
| 2. HVAC systems using district heating water, chilled water or steam. |
| 3. HVAC systems connected to a low-carbon district energy exchange system. |
| 4. HVAC systems not included in Table ((D601.11.1))D601.10.1. |
| ((4.))5. HVAC systems with chilled water supplied by absorption chillers, heat recovery chillers, water to water heat pumps, air to water heat pumps, or a combination of air and water cooled chillers on the same chilled water loop. |
| 6. HVAC systems included in Table D601.10.1 with parameters in Table D601.10.2 not identified as applicable to that HVAC system type. |
| ((5.))7. HVAC systems served by heating water plants that include air to water or water to water heat pumps. |
| ((6.))8. Underfloor air distribution and displacement ventilation HVAC systems. |
| ((7.))9. Space conditioning systems that do not include mechanical cooling. |
| ((8.))10. Alterations to existing buildings that do not substantially replace the entire HVAC system and are not serving initial build-out construction. |
| ((9.))11. HVAC systems meeting all the requirements of the standard reference design HVAC system in Table D602.11, Standard Reference Design HVAC Systems. |
| 12. Buildings or areas of medical office buildings that comply fully with ASHRAE Standard 170 including, but not limited to, surgical centers, or that are required by other applicable codes or standards to provide 24/7 air handling unit operation. |
| 13. HVAC systems serving the following areas and spaces: |
| 13.1. Laundry rooms. |
| 13.2. Elevator machine rooms. |
| 13.3. Mechanical and electrical rooms. |
| 13.4. Data centers and computer rooms. |
| 13.5. Laboratories with fume hoods. |
| 13.6. Locker rooms with more than two showers. |
| 13.7. Natatoriums and rooms with saunas. |
| 13.8. Restaurants and commercial kitchens with total cooking capacity greater than 100,000 Btu/h. |
| 13.9. Areas of buildings with commercial refrigeration equipment exceeding 100 kW of power input. |
| 13.10. Cafeterias and dining rooms. |
C403.1.2 Calculation of heating and cooling loads. Design loads associated with heating, ventilating and air conditioning of the building shall be determined in accordance with the procedures described in ANSI/ASHRAE/ACCA Standard 183 or by an approved equivalent computational procedure, using the design parameters specified in Chapter 3. Heating and cooling loads shall be adjusted to account for load reductions that are achieved where energy recovery systems are utilized in the HVAC system in accordance with the ASHRAE HVAC Systems and Equipment Handbook by an approved equivalent computational procedure.
C403.1.3 Data centers.Data center systems shall comply with Sections 6 and 8 of ASHRAE Standard 90.4 ((with the following changes:
1. Replace design MLC in ASHRAE Standard 90.4 Table 6.2.1.1 "Maximum Design Mechanical Load Component (Design MLC)" with the following per the applicable climate zone:
Zone 4C Design MLC = 0.22 Zone 5B Design MLC = 0.24
2. Replace annualized MLC values of Table 6.2.1.2 "Maximum Annualized Mechanical Load Component (Annualized MLC)" in ASHRAE Standard 90.4 with the following per applicable climate zone:
Zone 4C Annual MLC = 0.18 Zone 5B Annual MLC = 0.17)).
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-11C-40314Section C403.1.4—HVAC heating equipment.
C403.1.4 Use of electric resistance and fossil fuel-fired HVAC heating equipment. HVAC heating energy shall not be provided by electric resistance or fossil fuel combustion appliances. For the purposes of this section, electric resistance HVAC heating appliances include, but are not limited to, electric baseboard, electric resistance fan coil and VAV electric resistance terminal reheat units and electric resistance boilers. For the purposes of this section, fossil fuel combustion HVAC heating appliances include, but are not limited to, appliances burning natural gas, heating oil, propane, or other fossil fuels.
EXCEPTIONS: | 1. Low heating capacity. Buildings or areas of buildings, other than dwelling units or sleeping units, that meet the interior temperature requirements of Chapter 12 of the International Building Code with a total installed HVAC heating capacity no greater than 8.5 Btu/h (2.5 watts) per square foot of conditioned space are permitted to be heated using electric resistance appliances. |
| 2. Dwelling and sleeping units. Dwelling or sleeping units are permitted to be heated using electric resistance appliances as long as the installed HVAC heating capacity in any separate space is not greater than: |
| 2.1. Seven hundred fifty watts in Climate Zone 4, and 1000 watts in Climate Zone 5 in each habitable space with fenestration. |
| 2.2. One thousand watts in Climate Zone 4, and 1300 watts in Climate Zone 5 for each habitable space that has two primary walls facing different cardinal directions, each with exterior fenestration. Bay windows and other minor offsets are not considered primary walls. |
| 2.3. Two hundred fifty watts in spaces adjoining the building thermal envelope but without fenestration. |
| For the purposes of this section, habitable space is as defined in the International Building Code. For buildings in locations with exterior design conditions below 4°F (-16°C), an additional 250 watts above that allowed for Climate Zone 5 is permitted in each space with fenestration. |
| 3. Small buildings. Buildings with less than 2,500 square feet (232 m2) of conditioned floor area are permitted to be heated using electric resistance appliances. |
| 4. Defrost. Heat pumps are permitted to utilize electric resistance heating when a heat pump defrost cycle is required and is in operation. |
| 5. Air-to-air heat pumps. Buildings are permitted to utilize internal electric resistance heaters to supplement heat pump heating for air-to-air heat pumps that meet all of the following conditions: |
| 5.1. Internal electric resistance heaters have controls that prevent supplemental heater operation when the heating load can be met by the heat pump alone during both steady-state operation and setback recovery. |
| 5.2. The heat pump controls are configured to use the compressor as the first stage of heating down to an outdoor air temperature of 17°F (-8°C) or lower except when in defrost. |
| 5.3. The heat pump complies with one of the following: |
| 5.3.1. Controlled by a digital or electronic thermostat designed for heat pump use that energizes the supplemental heat only when the heat pump has insufficient capacity to maintain set point or to warm up the space at a sufficient rate. |
| 5.3.2. Controlled by a multistage space thermostat and an outdoor air thermostat wired to energize supplemental heat only on the last stage of the space thermostat and when outdoor air temperature is less than 32°F (0°C) except when in defrost. |
| 5.3.3. The minimum efficiency of the heat pump is regulated by NAECA, its rating meets the requirements shown in Table C403.3.2(2), and its rating includes all usage of internal electric resistance heating. |
| 5.4. The heat pump rated heating capacity is sized to meet the heating load at an outdoor air temperature of 32°F (0°C) or lower and has a rated heating capacity at 47°F (8°C) no less than 2 times greater than supplemental internal electric resistance heating capacity in Climate Zone 4 and no less than the supplemental internal electric resistance heating capacity in Climate Zone 5, or utilizes the smallest available factory-available internal electric resistance heater. |
| 6. Air-to-water heat pumps. Buildings are permitted to utilize electric resistance (for Climate Zone 4 or 5) or fossil fuel-fired (for Climate Zone 5) auxiliary heating to supplement heat pump heating for hydronic heating systems that meet all of the following conditions: |
| 6.1. Controls for the auxiliary electric resistance or fossil fuel-fired heating are configured to lock out the supplemental heat when the outside air temperature is above 36°F (2°C), unless the hot water supply temperature setpoint to the building heat coils cannot be maintained for 20 minutes. |
| 6.2. The heat pump controls are configured to use the compressor as the first stage of heating down to the lowest exterior design temperature for which the equipment is rated except during startup or defrost operation. |
| 6.3. The heat pump rated heating capacity at 47°F (8°C) is no less than 75 percent of the design heating load at 29°F (-2°C). |
| 7. Ground source heat pumps. Buildings are permitted to utilize electric resistance auxiliary heating to supplement heat pump heating for hydronic heating systems with ground source heat pump equipment that meets all of the following conditions: |
| 7.1. Controls for the auxiliary resistance heating are configured to lock out the supplemental heat when the equipment source-side entering water temperature is above 42°F (6°C), unless the hot water supply temperature setpoint to the building heat coils cannot be maintained for 20 minutes. |
| 7.2. The heat pump controls are configured to use the compressor as the first stage of heating. |
| 7.3. The ground source heat exchanger shall be sized so that the heat pump annual heating output is no less than 70 percent of the total annual heating output in the final year of a 30-year simulation using IGSHPA listed simulation software. |
| 8. Small systems. Buildings in which electric resistance or fossil fuel appliances, including decorative appliances, either provide less than 5 percent of the total building HVAC system heating capacity or serve less than 5 percent of the conditioned floor area. |
| 9. Specific conditions. Portions of buildings that require fossil fuel or electric resistance space heating for specific conditions approved by the code official for research, health care, process or other specific needs that cannot practicably be served by heat pump or other space heating systems. This does not constitute a blanket exception for any occupancy type. |
| 10. Kitchen make-up air. Make-up air for commercial kitchen exhaust systems required to be tempered by Section 508.1.1 of the International Mechanical Code is permitted to be heated by using fossil fuel in Climate Zone 5 or electric resistance in Climate Zone 4 or 5. |
| 11. District energy. Steam or hot water district energy systems that utilize fossil fuels as their primary source of heat energy, that serve multiple buildings, and that were already in existence prior to the effective date of this code, including more energy-efficient upgrades to such existing systems, are permitted to serve as the primary heating energy source. |
| 12. Heat tape. Heat tape is permitted where it protects water-filled equipment and piping located outside of the building thermal envelope, provided that it is configured and controlled to be automatically turned off when the outside air temperature is above 40°F (4°C). |
| 13. Temporary systems. Temporary electric resistance heating systems are permitted where serving future tenant spaces that are unfinished and unoccupied, provided that the heating equipment is sized and controlled to achieve interior space temperatures no higher than 40°F (4°C). |
| 14. Pasteurization. Electric resistance heat controls are permitted to reset the supply water temperature of hydronic heating systems that serve service water heating heat exchangers during pasteurization cycles of the service hot water storage volume. The hydronic heating system supply water temperature shall be configured to be 145°F (63°C) or lower during the pasteurization cycle. |
| 15. Freeze protection. Heating systems sized for spaces with indoor design conditions of 45°F (7°C) and intended for freeze protection are permitted to use electric resistance. The building envelope of any such space shall be insulated in compliance with Section C402.1. |
| 16. DOAS ERV auxiliary heat. Dedicated outdoor air systems with energy recovery ventilation are permitted to utilize fossil fuel for Climate Zone 5 or electric resistance in Climate Zone 4 or 5 for auxiliary heating to preheat outdoor air for defrost or as auxiliary supplemental heat to temper supply air to 55°F (13°C) or lower for buildings or portions of buildings that do not have hydronic heating systems. |
| 17. Low-carbon district energy systems. Low-carbon district energy systems that meet the definitions of low-carbon district energy exchange system or low-carbon district heating and cooling or heating only systems. |
| 18. Essential facilities. Groups I-2 and I-3 occupancies that by regulation are required to have in place redundant emergency backup systems. |
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-40320Section C403.2—System design.
C403.2 System design. Mechanical systems shall be designed to comply with Sections C403.2.1 and ((C403.2.2))C403.2.4. Where elements of a building's mechanical systems are addressed in Sections C403.3 through C403.13, such elements shall comply with the applicable provisions of those sections.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-40321Section C403.2.1—Zone isolation.
C403.2.1Zone isolation required. HVAC systems, DOAS and exhaust systems serving ((zones))areas that are intended to operate or be occupied nonsimultaneously shall be divided into separate isolation areas. Zones intended to be occupied simultaneously may be grouped into a single isolation area provided ((it))the combined total area does not exceed 25,000 square feet (2323 m2) of conditioned floor area ((nor))and does not include more than one floor. Each isolation area shall be equipped with isolation devices and controls configured to automatically shut off the supply of conditioned air and outdoor air to and exhaust air from the isolation area. Each isolation area shall be controlled independently by a device meeting the requirements of Section C403.4.2.2. Central systems and plants shall be provided with controls and devices that will allow system and equipment operation for any length of time while serving only the smallest isolation area served by the system or plant.
EXCEPTIONS: | 1. Exhaust air and outdoor air connections to isolation areas where the fan system to which they connect is not greater than 5,000 cfm (2360 L/s). |
| 2. Exhaust airflow from a single isolation area of less than 10 percent of the design airflow of the exhaust system to which it connects. |
| 3. Isolation areas intended to operate continuously or intended to be inoperative only when all other isolation areas in a zone are inoperative. |
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-40322Section C403.2.2—Ventilation and exhaust.
C403.2.2 Ventilation and exhaust.
C403.2.2.1 Ventilation. Ventilation, either natural or mechanical, shall be provided in accordance with Chapter 4 of the International Mechanical Code. Where mechanical ventilation is provided, the system shall be configured to provide no greater than 150 percent of the minimum outdoor air required by Chapter 4 of the International Mechanical Code or other applicable code or standard, whichever is greater.
EXCEPTIONS: | 1. The mechanical system may supply outdoor air at rates higher than the limit above when it is used for particulate or VOC dilution, ((economizer,))economizing or night flushing, dehumidification, pressurization, exhaust make-up, or other process air delivery. Outdoor air shall be reduced to the minimum ventilation rates when not required for the preceding uses. |
| 2. Air systems supplying dwelling or sleeping units within Group R-1, R-2 or I-2 occupancies. |
| 3. Alterations that replace less than half of the total heating and cooling capacity of the system. |
| 4. Systems with energy recovery complying with the requirements of Section C403.7.6.1 that utilize sensible only active chilled beams for space cooling without any additional zonal fan power. Active chilled beams shall be permitted to utilize the increased outdoor airflow to increase space sensible capacity and to maintain space latent cooling loads without additional controls to reduce the outdoor airflow to each zone. |
| 5. Systems that include energy recovery ventilation with an 80 percent minimum sensible recovery effectiveness in accordance with Section C403.3.5.1 and with controls capable and configured to lock-out the use of supplemental heat may provide ventilation up to a maximum of 200 percent of the minimum outdoor air required. |
C403.2.2.2 Exhaust. Exhaust shall be provided in accordance with Chapters 4 and 5 of the International Mechanical Code. Where exhaust is provided, the system shall be configured to provide no greater than 150 percent of the minimum exhaust air required by Chapters 4 and 5 of the International Mechanical Code or other applicable code or standard, whichever is greater.
EXCEPTIONS: | 1. The mechanical system may exhaust air at rates higher than the limit above when it is used for particulate or VOC dilution, economizer, night flushing, dehumidification, pressure equalization, relief, or other process exhaust air requirements. Outdoor air and exhaust air shall be reduced to the minimum ventilation rates when not required for the preceding uses. |
| 2. Domestic range hood exhaust in Group R occupancies. |
| 3. Exhaust from Group I occupancies. |
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-40323Section C403.2.3—((Variable flow capacity))Fault detection and diagnostics.
((C403.2.3 Variable flow capacity. For fan and pump motors 7.5 hp and greater including motors in or serving custom and packaged air handlers serving variable air volume fan systems, constant volume fans, heating and cooling hydronic pumping systems, pool and service water pumping systems, domestic water pressure-booster systems, cooling tower fan, and other pump or fan motors where variable flows are required, there shall be:
1. Variable speed drives; or
2. Other controls and devices that will result in fan and pump motor demand of no more than 30 percent of design wattage at 50 percent of design air volume for fans when static pressure set point equals 1/3 the total design static pressure, and 50 percent of design water flow for pumps, based on manufacturer's certified test data. Variable inlet vanes, throttling valves (dampers), scroll dampers or bypass circuits shall not be allowed.
EXCEPTION: | Variable speed devices are not required for motors that serve: |
| 1. Fans or pumps in packaged equipment where variable speed drives are not available as a factory option from the equipment manufacturer. |
| 2. Fans or pumps that are required to operate only for emergency fire-life-safety events (e.g., stairwell pressurization fans, elevator pressurization fans, fire pumps, etc.).)) |
C403.2.3 Fault detection and diagnostics. New buildings with an HVAC system serving a gross conditioned floor area of 100,000 square feet (9290 m2) or larger shall include a fault detection and diagnostics (FDD) system to monitor the HVAC system's performance and automatically identify faults. The FDD system shall:
1. Include permanently installed sensors and devices to monitor the HVAC system's performance.
2. Sample the HVAC system's performance at least once every 15 minutes.
3. Automatically identify and report HVAC system faults.
4. Automatically notify authorized personnel of identified HVAC system faults.
5. Automatically provide prioritized recommendations for repair of identified faults based on analysis of data collected from the sampling of HVAC system performance.
6. Be capable of transmitting the prioritized fault repair recommendations to remotely located authorized personnel.
EXCEPTION: | Group R-1 and R-2 occupancies. |
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-40324((Reserved.))Section C403.2.4—Variable flow capacity.
C403.2.4 Variable flow capacity. For fan and pump motors 5.0 hp and greater including motors in or serving custom and packaged air handlers serving variable air volume fan systems, constant volume fans, heating and cooling hydronic pumping systems, pool and service water pumping systems, domestic water pressure-booster systems, cooling tower fan, and other pump or fan motors where variable flows are required, there shall be:
1. Variable speed drives; or
2. Other controls and devices that will result in fan and pump motor demand of no more than 30 percent of design wattage at 50 percent of design air volume for fans when static pressure set point equals 1/3 the total design static pressure, and 50 percent of design water flow for pumps, based on manufacturer's certified test data. Variable inlet vanes, throttling valves (dampers), scroll dampers or bypass circuits shall not be allowed.
EXCEPTION: | Variable speed devices are not required for motors that serve: |
| 1. Fans or pumps in packaged equipment where variable speed drives are not available as a factory option from the equipment manufacturer. |
| 2. Fans or pumps that are required to operate only for emergency fire-life-safety events (e.g., stairwell pressurization fans, elevator pressurization fans, fire pumps, etc.). |
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-40332Section C403.3.2—HVAC equipment performance requirements.
C403.3.2 HVAC equipment performance requirements. Equipment shall meet the minimum efficiency requirements of Tables C403.3.2(1) through C403.3.2(((12)))(16) when tested and rated in accordance with the applicable test procedure. Plate-type liquid-to-liquid heat exchangers shall meet the minimum requirements of ((Table C403.3.2(10)))AHRI 400. The efficiency shall be verified through certification and listed under an approved certification program or, if no certification program exists, the equipment efficiency ratings shall be supported by data furnished by the manufacturer. Where multiple rating conditions or performance requirements are provided, the equipment shall satisfy all stated requirements. Where components, such as indoor or outdoor coils, from different manufacturers are used, calculations and supporting data shall be furnished by the designer that demonstrates that the combined efficiency of the specified components meets the requirements herein.
C403.3.2.1 Gas-fired and oil-fired forced air furnaces. Forced air furnaces with input ratings ≥ 225,000 Btu/h (65 kW) and all unit heaters shall also have an intermittent ignition or interrupted device (IID), and have either mechanical draft (including power venting) or a flue damper. A vent damper is an acceptable alternative to a flue damper for furnaces where combustion air is drawn from the conditioned space. All furnaces with input ratings ≥ 225,000 Btu/h (65 kW), including electric furnaces, that are not located within the conditioned space shall have jacket losses not exceeding 0.75 percent of the input rating.
((C403.3.2.1))C403.3.2.2 Hydronic and multiple-zone HVAC system controls and equipment. Hydronic and multiple-zone HVAC system controls and equipment shall comply with this section.
For buildings with a total equipment cooling capacity of 300 tons and above, the equipment shall comply with one of the following:
1. No one unit shall have a cooling capacity of more than 2/3 of the total installed cooling equipment capacity;
2. The equipment shall have a variable speed drive; or
3. The equipment shall have multiple compressors.
C403.3.2.3 Chillers. Chilled water plants and buildings with more than 500 tons total capacity shall not have more than 100 tons provided by air-cooled chillers.
EXCEPTIONS: | 1. Where the designer demonstrates that the water quality at the building site fails to meet manufacturer's specifications for the use of water-cooled equipment. |
| 2. Air-cooled chillers with minimum efficiencies at least 10 percent higher than those listed in Table ((C403.3.2(7)))C403.3.2(3). |
| 3. Replacement of existing air-cooled chiller equipment. |
| 4. Air-to-water heat pump units that are configured to provide both heating and cooling and that are rated in accordance with AHRI 550/590. ((Where the air-to-water heat pumps are designed for a maximum supply leaving water temperature of less than 140°F, the efficiency rating will be calculated and reported at the maximum unit leaving water temperature for this test condition.)) |
((C403.3.2.2))C403.3.2.4 Water-cooled centrifugal chilling packages. Equipment not designed for operation at AHRI Standard 550/590 test conditions of ((44°F (7°C)))44.00°F (6.67°C) leaving and 54.00°F (12.22°C) entering chilled-water temperatures and ((2.4 gpm/ton evaporator fluid flow and 85°F (29°C) entering condenser water temperature with 3 gpm/ton (0.054 L/s • kW) condenser water flow))with 85.00°F (29.44°C) entering and 94.30°F (34.61°C) leaving condenser-fluid temperatures, shall have maximum full-load kW/ton (FL) and part-load ratings adjusted using ((Equations 4-7 and 4-8))the following equations.
(Equation 4-7)
(Equation 4-8)
Where: | |
Kadj | = | A × B |
FL | = | Full-load kW/ton values as specified in Table C403.3.2(7) |
FLadj | = | Maximum full-load kW/ton rating, adjusted for nonstandard conditions |
IPLV.IP | = | Value as specified in Table C403.3.2(7) |
PLVadj | = | Maximum NPLV rating, adjusted for nonstandard conditions |
A | = | 0.00000014592 × (LIFT)4 - 0.0000346496 × (LIFT)3+ 0.00314196 × (LIFT)2 - 0.147199 × LIFT + ((3.9302))3.93073 |
B | = | 0.0015 × LvgEvap (° F) + 0.934 |
LIFT | = | LvgCond - LvgEvap |
LvgCond | = | Full-load condenser leaving fluid temperature (°F) |
LvgEvap | = | Full-load evaporator leaving temperature (°F) |
The FLadj and PLVadj values are ((only)) applicable only for centrifugal chillers meeting all of the following full-load design ranges:
((1. Minimum evaporator leaving temperature: 36°F.
2. Maximum condenser leaving temperature: 115°F.
3. LIFT is not less than 20°F (11.1°C) and not greater than 80°F (44.4°C)))• 36.00°F ≤ LvgEvap ≤ 60.00°F
• LvgCond ≤ 115.00°F
• 20.00°F ≤ LIFT ≤ 80.00°F
Manufacturers shall calculate the FLadj and PLVadjbefore determining whether to label the chiller. Centrifugal chillers designed to operate outside of these ranges are not covered by this code.
((C403.3.2.3))C403.3.2.5 Positive displacement (air- and water-cooled) chilling packages. Equipment with a leaving fluid temperature higher than 32°F (0°C) and water-cooled positive displacement chilling packages with a condenser leaving fluid temperature below 115°F (46°C) shall meet the requirements ((of Table C403.3.2(7)))the tables in Section C403.3.2 when tested or certified with water at standard rating conditions, in accordance with the referenced test procedure.
((C403.3.2.4))C403.3.2.6 Packaged and split system electric heating and cooling equipment. Packaged ((electric))and split system equipment providing both electric heating and cooling, and cooling-only equipment with electric heat in the main supply duct before VAV boxes, in each case with a total cooling capacity greater than 6,000 Btu/h shall be a heat pump configured to operate in heat pump mode whenever the outdoor air temperature is above 25°F (-3.9°C) and the unit is not in defrost. The unit shall have reverse-cycle demand defrost.
EXCEPTION: | Unstaffed equipment shelters or cabinets used solely for personal wireless service facilities. |
((C403.3.2.5))C403.3.2.7 Humidification. If an air economizer is required on a cooling system for which humidification equipment is to be provided to maintain minimum indoor humidity levels, then the humidifier shall be of the adiabatic type (direct evaporative media or fog atomization type).
EXCEPTIONS: | 1. Health care facilities licensed by the state where chapter 246-320 or 246-330 WAC requires steam injection humidifiers in duct work downstream of final filters. |
| 2. Systems with water economizer. |
| 3. 100 percent outside air systems with no provisions for air recirculation to the central supply fan. |
| 4. Nonadiabatic humidifiers cumulatively serving no more than 10 percent of a building's air economizer capacity as measured in cfm. This refers to the system cfm serving rooms with stand alone or duct mounted humidifiers. |
OTS-3534.2
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-11C-403321Table C403.3.2(1)—Electrically operated unitary air conditioners and condensing units.
Table C403.3.2(1)
Minimum Efficiency Requirements—Electrically Operated Unitary Air Conditioners and Condensing Unitsc,d
Equipment Type | Size Category | Heating Section Type | Subcategory or Rating Condition | Minimum Efficiency | Test Procedurea |
Air conditioners, air cooled | < 65,000 Btu/hb | All | Split System, three phase and applications outside U.S. single phaseb | 13.4 SEER2 | AHRI 201/240-2023 |
Single package, three phase and applications outside U.S. single phaseb | 13.4 SEER2 |
Space constrained, air cooled | ≤ 30,000 Btu/hb | All | Split System, three phase and applications outside U.S. single phaseb | 11.7 SEER2 |
Single package, three phase and applications outside U.S. single phaseb | 11.7 SEER2 |
Small duct high velocity, air cooled | ≤ 65,000 Btu/hb | All | Split System, three phase and applications outside U.S. single phaseb | 12.1 SEER2 |
Air conditioners, air cooled | ≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 135,000 Btu/h | Electric Resistance (or None) | Split System and Single Package | 11.2 EER 14.8 IEER | AHRI 340/360 |
All other | Split System and Single Package | 11.0 EER 14.6 IEER |
≥ 135,000 Btu/h and < 240,000 Btu/h | Electric Resistance (or None) | Split System and Single Package | 11.0 EER 14.2 IEER |
All other | Split System and Single Package | 10.8 EER 14.0 IEER |
≥ 240,000 Btu/h and < 760,000 Btu/h | Electric Resistance (or None) | Split System and Single Package | 10.0 EER 13.2 IEER |
All other | Split System and Single Package | 9.8 EER 13.0 IEER |
≥ 760,000 Btu/h | Electric Resistance (or None) | Split System and Single Package | 9.7 EER 12.5 IEER |
All other | Split System and Single Package | 9.5 EER 12.3 IEER |
Air conditioners, water cooled | < 65,000 Btu/hb | All | Split System and Single Package | 12.1 EER 12.3 IEER | AHRI 210/240 |
≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 135,000 Btu/h | Electric Resistance (or None) | Split System and Single Package | 12.1 EER 13.9 IEER | AHRI 340/360 |
All other | Split System and Single Package | 11.9 EER 13.7 IEER |
≥ 135,000 Btu/h and < 240,000 Btu/h | Electric Resistance (or None) | Split System and Single Package | 12.5 EER 13.9 IEER |
All other | Split System and Single Package | 12.3 EER 13.7 IEER |
≥ 240,000 Btu/h and < 760,000 Btu/h | Electric Resistance (or None) | Split System and Single Package | 12.4 EER 13.6 IEER |
All other | Split System and Single Package | 12.2 EER 13.4 IEER |
≥ 760,000 Btu/h | Electric Resistance (or None) | Split System and Single Package | 12.2 EER 13.5 IEER |
All other | Split System and Single Package | 12.0 EER 13.3 IEER |
Air conditioners, evaporatively cooled | < 65,000 Btu/hb | All | Split System and Single Package | 12.1 EER 12.3 IEER | AHRI 210/240 |
≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 135,000 Btu/h | Electric Resistance (or None) | Split System and Single Package | 12.1 EER 12.3 IEER | AHRI 340/360 |
All other | Split System and Single Package | 11.9 EER 12.1 IEER |
≥ 135,000 Btu/h and < 240,000 Btu/h | Electric Resistance (or None) | Split System and Single Package | 12.0 EER 12.2 IEER |
All other | Split System and Single Package | 11.8 EER 12.0 IEER |
≥ 240,000 Btu/h and < 760,000 Btu/h | Electric Resistance (or None) | Split System and Single Package | 11.9 EER 12.1 IEER |
All other | Split System and Single Package | 11.7 EER 11.9 IEER |
≥ 760,000 Btu/h | Electric Resistance (or None) | Split System and Single Package | 11.7 EER 11.9 EER |
All other | Split System and Single Package | 11.5 EER 11.7 EER |
Condensing units, air cooled | ≥ 135,000 Btu/h | | | 10.5 EER 11.8 IEER | AHRI 365 |
Condensing units, water cooled | ≥ 135,000 Btu/h | | | 13.5 EER 14.0 IEER |
Condensing units, evaporatively cooled | ≥ 135,000 Btu/h | | | 13.5 EER 14.0 IEER |
For SI: 1 British thermal unit per hour = 0.2931 W. |
| a | Chapter 6 contains a complete specification of the referenced standards, which include test procedures, including the reference year version of the test procedure. |
| b | Single-phase, U.S. air-cooled air conditioners less than 65,000 Btu/h are regulated as consumer products by the U.S. Department of Energy Code of Federal Regulations DOE 10 C.F.R. 430. SEER and SEER2 values for single-phase products are set by the U.S. Department of Energy. |
| c | DOE 10 C.F.R. 430 Subpart B Appendix MI includes the test procedure updates effective 1/1/2023 that will be incorporated in AHRI 210/240-2023. |
| d | This table is a replica of ASHRAE 90.1 Table 6.8.1-1 Electrically Operated Unitary Air Conditioners and Condensing Units—Minimum Efficiency Requirements. |
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-11C-403322Table C403.3.2(2)—Electrically operated air-cooled unitary heat pumps—Minimum efficiency requirements.
Table C403.3.2(2)
Electrically Operated Air-Cooled Unitary Heat Pumps—Minimum Efficiency Requirements
Equipment Type | Size Category | Heating Section Type | Subcategory or Rating Condition | Minimum Efficiency | Test Procedurea |
Air cooled
(cooling mode)
| < 65,000 Btu/h | All | Split System, three phase and applications outside U.S. single phaseb | 14.3 SEER2 | AHRI 201/240-2023 |
Single Package, three phase and applications outside U.S. single phaseb | 13.4 SEER2 |
Space constrained, air cooled | ≤ 30,000 Btu/h | All | Split System, three phase and applications outside U.S. single phaseb | 11.7 SEER2 |
Single Package, three phase and applications outside U.S. single phaseb | 11.7 SEER2 |
Single duct high velocity, air cooled (cooling mode) | ≤ 65,000 Btu/h | All | Split System, three phase and applications outside U.S. single phaseb | 12.0 SEER2 |
Air cooled (cooling mode) | ≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 135,000 Btu/h | Electric Resistance (or None) | Split System and Single Package | 11.0 EER 14.1 IEER | AHRI 340/360 |
All other | Split System and Single Package | 10.8 EER 13.9 IEER |
≥ 135,000 Btu/h and < 240,000 Btu/h | Electric Resistance (or None) | Split System and Single Package | 10.6 EER 13.5 IEER |
All other | Split System and Single Package | 10.4 EER 13.3 IEER |
≥ 240,000 Btu/h | Electric Resistance (or None) | Split System and Single Package | 9.5 EER 12.5 IEER |
All other | Split System and Single Package | 9.3 EER 12.3 IEER |
Air cooled (heating mode) | < 65,000 Btu/hb | - | Split System, three phase and applications outside U.S. single phaseb | 7.5 HSPF | AHRI 201/240-2023 |
- | Single Package, three phase and applications outside U.S. single phaseb | 6.7 HSPF |
Space constrained, air cooled (heating mode) | ≤ 30,000 Btu/h | - | Split System, three phase and applications outside U.S. single phaseb | 6.3 HSPF |
- | Single Package, three phase and applications outside U.S. single phaseb | 6.3 HSPF |
Small-duct high velocity air cooled (heating mode)
| < 65,000 Btu/h | - | Split System, three phase and applications outside U.S. single phaseb | 6.1 HSPF |
Air cooled (heating mode) | ≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 135,000 Btu/h (cooling capacity) | - | 47ºF db/43ºF wb Outdoor Air | 3.40 COPH | AHRI 340/360 |
17ºF db/15ºF wb Outdoor Air | 2.25 COPH |
≥ 135,000 Btu/h and < 240,000 Btu/h (cooling capacity) | - | 47ºF db/43ºF wb Outdoor Air | 3.30 COPH |
17ºF db/15ºF wb Outdoor Air | 2.05 COPH |
≥ 240,000 Btu/h (cooling capacity) | | 47ºF db/43ºF wb Outdoor Air | 3.20 COPH |
| 17ºF db/15ºF wb Outdoor Air | 2.05 COPH |
For SI: 1 British thermal unit per hour = 0.2931 W, °C = [(°F) - 32]/1.8. |
| a | Chapter 6 contains a complete specification of the referenced standards, which include test procedures, including the reference year version of the test procedure. |
| b | Single-phase, U.S. air-cooled heat pumps less than 65,000 Btu/h are regulated as consumer products by the U.S. Department of Energy Code of Federal Regulations DOE 10 C.F.R. 430. SEER, SEER2, and HSPF values for single-phase products are set by the U.S. Department of Energy. |
| c | DOE 10 C.F.R. 430 Subpart B Appendix MI includes the test procedure updates effective 1/1/2023 that will be incorporated into AHRI 210/240-2023. |
| d | This table is a replica of ASHRAE 90.1 Table 6.8.1-2 Electrically Operated Air-Cooled Unitary Heat Pumps—Minimum Efficiency Requirements. |
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-11C-403323Table C403.3.2(3)—Water chilling packages—Minimum efficiency requirements.
Table C403.3.2(3)
Water Chilling Packages—Minimum Efficiency Requirementsa,b,e,f
| Size Category | | Path A | Path B | Test Procedurec |
Equipment Type | Units | FL | IPLV,IP | FL | IPLV,IP |
Air-cooled chillers | < 150 tons | EER(Btu/Wh) | ≥ 10.100 | ≥ 13.700 | ≥ 9.700 | ≥ 15.800 | |
≥ 150 tons | EER(Btu/Wh) | ≥ 10.100 | ≥ 14.000 | ≥ 9.700 | ≥ 16.100 | |
Air cooled without condenser, electrically operated | All capacities | EER(Btu/Wh) | Air-cooled chillers without condensers shall be rated with matching condensers and comply with the air-cooled chiller efficiency requirements | |
Water cooled, electrically operated, positive displacement | < 75 tons | kW/ton | ≤ 0.750 | ≤ 0.600 | ≤ 0.780 | ≤ 0.500 | |
≥ 75 tons and < 150 tons | kW/ton | ≤ 0.720 | ≤ 0.560 | ≤ 0.750 | ≤ 0.490 | AHRI 550/590 |
≥ 150 tons and < 300 tons | kW/ton | ≤ 0.660 | ≤ 0.540 | ≤ 0.680 | ≤ 0.440 | |
≥ 300 tons and < 600 tons | kW/ton | ≤ 0.610 | ≤ 0.520 | ≤ 0.625 | ≤ 0.410 | |
| ≥ 600 tons | kW/ton | ≤ 0.560 | ≤ 0.500 | ≤ 0.585 | ≤ 0.380 | |
Water cooled, electrically operated, centrifugal | < 150 tons | kW/ton | ≤ 0.610 | ≤ 0.550 | ≤ 0.695 | ≤ 0.440 | |
≥ 150 tons and < 300 tons | kW/ton | ≤ 0.610 | ≤ 0.550 | ≤ 0.695 | ≤ 0.400 | |
≥ 300 tons and < 400 tons | kW/ton | ≤ 0.560 | ≤ 0.520 | ≤ 0.595 | ≤ 0.390 | |
≥ 400 tons and < 600 tons | kW/ton | ≤ 0.560 | ≤ 0.500 | ≤ 0.585 | ≤ 0.380 | |
≥ 600 tons | kW/ton | ≤ 0.560 | ≤ 0.500 | ≤ 0.585 | ≤ 0.380 | |
Air cooled absorption, single effect | All capacities | COP(W/W) | ≥ 0.600 | NR | NAd | NAd | |
Water cooled absorption, single effect | All capacities | COP(W/W) | ≥ 0.700 | NR | NAd | NAd | AHRI 560 |
Absorption double effect, indirect fired | All capacities | COP(W/W) | ≥ 1.000 | ≥ 1.050 | NAd | NAd |
Absorption double effect, direct fired | All capacities | COP(W/W) | ≥ 1.000 | ≥ 1.000 | NAd | NAd | |
For SI: 1 ton = 3517 W, 1 British thermal unit per hour = 0.2931 W, °C = [(°F) - 32]/1.8. |
| NR = No requirement. |
| a | Chapter 6 contains a complete specification of the referenced standards, which includes test procedures, including the referenced year version of the test procedure. |
| b | The requirements for centrifugal chiller shall be adjusted for nonstandard rating conditions per Section C403.3.2.4 and are applicable only for the range of conditions listed there. The requirements for air-cooled, water-cooled positive displacement and absorption chillers are at standard rating conditions defined in the referenced test procedure. |
| c | Both the full load and IPLV.IP requirements must be met or exceeded to comply with this standard. When there is a Path B, compliance can be with either Path A or Path B for any application. |
| d | NA means the requirements are not applicable for Path B and only Path A can be used for compliance. |
| e | FL is the full-load performance requirements, and IPLV.IP is for the part-load performance requirements. |
| f | This table is a replica of ASHRAE 90.1 Table 6.8.1-3 Water-Chilling Packages—Minimum Efficiency Requirements. |
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-11C-403324Table C403.3.2(4)—Minimum efficiency requirements—Electrically operated PTAC, PTHP, SPVAC, SPVHP, room air conditioners.
Table C403.3.2(4)
Electrically Operated Packaged Terminal Air Conditioners, Packaged Terminal Heat Pumps, Single-Package Vertical Air Conditioners, Single-Package Vertical Heat Pumps, Room Air Conditioners and Room Air-Conditioner Heat Pumps—Minimum Efficiency Requirementse
Equipment Type | Size Category (Input) | Subcategory or Rating Condition | Minimum Efficiency | Test Procedurea |
PTAC (cooling mode) Standard size | < 7,000 Btu/h | 95°F db/75°F wb outdoor airc | 11.9 EER | AHRI 310/380 |
≥ 7,000 Btu/h and ≤ 15,000 Btu/h | 14.0 - (0.300 × Cap/1000) EERd |
> 15,000 Btu/h | 9.5 EER |
PTAC (cooling mode) Nonstandard sizea | < 7,000 Btu/h | 95°F db/75°F wb outdoor airc | 9.4 EER | AHRI 310/380 |
≥ 7,000 Btu/h and ≤ 15,000 Btu/h | 10.9 - (0.213 × Cap/1000) EERd |
> 15,000 Btu/h | 7.7 EER |
PTHP (cooling mode) Standard size | < 7,000 Btu/h | 95°F db/75°F wb outdoor airc | 11.9 EER | AHRI 310/380 |
≥ 7,000 Btu/h and ≤ 15,000 Btu/h | 14.0 - (0.300 × Cap/1000) EERd |
> 15,000 Btu/h | 9.5 EER |
PTHP (cooling mode) Nonstandard sizeb | < 7,000 Btu/h | 95°F db/75°F wb outdoor airc | 9.3 EER | AHRI 310/380 |
≥ 7,000 Btu/h and ≤ 15,000 Btu/h | 10.8 - (0.213 × Cap/1000) EERd |
> 15,000 Btu/h | 7.6 EER |
PTHP (heating mode) Standard size | < 7,000 Btu/h | 47°F db/43°F wb outdoor air | 3.3 COPH | AHRI 310/380 |
≥ 7,000 Btu/h and ≤ 15,000 Btu/h | 3.7 - (0.052 × Cap/1000) COPHd |
> 15,000 Btu/h | 2.90 COPH |
PTHP (heating mode) Nonstandard sizeb | < 7,000 Btu/h | 47°F db/43°F wb outdoor air | 2.7 COPH | AHRI 310/380 |
≥ 7,000 Btu/h and ≤ 15,000 Btu/h | 2.9 - (0.026 × Cap/1000) COPHd |
> 15,000 Btu/h | 2.5 COPH |
SPVAC (cooling mode) | < 65,000 Btu/h | 95°F db/75°F wb outdoor airc | 11.0 EER | AHRI 390 |
≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 135,000 Btu/h | 10.0 EER |
≥ 135,000 Btu/h and < 240,000 Btu/h | 10.0 EER |
SPVHP (cooling mode) | < 65,000 Btu/h | 95°F db/75°F wb outdoor airc | 11.0 EER | AHRI 390 |
≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 135,000 Btu/h | 10.0 EER |
≥ 135,000 Btu/h and < 240,000 Btu/h | 10.0 EER |
SPVHP (heating mode) | <65,000 Btu/h | 47°F db/43°F wb outdoor air | 3.3 COP | AHRI 390 |
≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 135,000 Btu/h | 3.0 COP |
≥ 135,000 Btu/h and < 240,000 Btu/h | 3.0 COP |
Room air conditioners without reverse cycle with louvered sides for applications outside U.S. | < 6,000 Btu/h | - | 11.0 CEER | ANSI/AHAMRAC-1 |
≥ 6,000 Btu/h and < 8,000 Btu/h | - | 11.0 CEER |
≥ 8,000 Btu/h and < 14,000 Btu/h | - | 10.9 CEER |
≥ 14,000 Btu/h and < 20,000 Btu/h | - | 10.7 CEER |
≥ 20,000 Btu/h and < 28,000 Btu/h | - | 9.4 CEER |
≥ 28,000 Btu/h | - | 9.0 CEER |
Room air conditioners without louvered sides | < 6,000 Btu/h | - | 10.0 CEER | ANSI/AHAMRAC-1 |
≥ 6,000 Btu/h and < 8,000 Btu/h | - | 10.0 CEER |
≥ 8,000 Btu/h and < 11,000 Btu/h | - | 9.6 CEER |
≥ 11,000 Btu/h and < 14,000 Btu/h | - | 9.5 CEER |
≥ 14,000 Btu/h and < 20,000 Btu/h | - | 9.3 CEER |
≥ 20,000 Btu/h | - | 9.4 CEER |
Room air conditioners with reverse cycle, with louvered sides for applications outside U.S. | < 20,000 Btu/h | - | 9.8 CEER | ANSI/AHAMRAC-1 |
≥ 20,000 Btu/h | - | 9.3 CEER |
Room air conditioners with reverse cycle without louvered sides for applications outside U.S. | < 14,000 Btu/h | - | 9.3 CEER | ANSI/AHAMRAC-1 |
≥ 14,000 Btu/h | - | 8.7 CEER |
Room air conditioners, casement only for applications outside U.S. | All capacities | - | 9.5 CEER | ANSI/AHAMRAC-1 |
Room air conditioners, casement-slider for application outside U.S. | All capacities | - | 10.4 CEER | ANSI/AHAMRAC-1 |
For SI: 1 British thermal unit per hour = 0.2931 W, °C = [(°F) - 32]/1.8. |
| | "Cap" = The rated cooling capacity of the product in Btu/h. If the unit's capacity is less than 7,000 Btu/h, use 7,000 Btu/h in the calculation. If the unit's capacity is greater than 15,000 Btu/h, use 15,000 Btu/h in the calculations. |
| a | Chapter 6 contains a complete specification of the referenced standards, which include test procedures, including the referenced year version of the test procedure. |
| b | Nonstandard size units must be factory labeled as follows: "MANUFACTURED FOR NONSTANDARD SIZE APPLICATIONS ONLY: NOT TO BE INSTALLED IN NEW STANDARD PROJECTS." Nonstandard size efficiencies apply only to units being installed in existing sleeves having an external wall opening of less than 16 inches (406 mm) high or less than 42 inches (1067 mm) wide and having a cross-sectional area less than 670 square inches (0.43 m2). |
| c | The cooling-mode wet bulb temperature requirement only applies for units that reject condensate to the condenser coil. |
| d | "Cap" in EER and COPH equations for PTACs and PTHPs means cooling capacity in Btu/h at 95°F outdoor dry-bulb temperature. |
| e | This table is a replica of ASHRAE 90.1 Table 6.8.1-4 Electrically Operated Packaged Terminal Air Conditioners, Packaged Terminal Heat Pumps, Single-Package Vertical Air Conditioners, Single-Package Vertical Heat Pumps, Room Air Conditioners, and Room Air-Conditioner Heat Pumps—Minimum Efficiency Requirements. |
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-11C-403325Table C403.3.2(5)—Minimum efficiency requirements—Warm air furnaces and unit heaters.
Table C403.3.2(5)
Warm Air Furnaces and Combination Warm Air Furnaces/Air-Conditioning Units, Warm Air Duct Furnaces and Unit Heaters—Minimum Efficiency Requirements
Equipment Type | Size Category (Input) | Subcategory or Rating Condition | Minimum Efficiencyd,c | Test Procedurea |
Warm-air furnace, gas fired for application outside the U.S. | < 225,000 Btu/h | Maximum capacityc | 80% AFUE (nonweatherized) or 1% AFUE (weatherized) or 80% Etb,d | DOE 10 C.F.R. 430 Appendix N or Section 2.39, Thermal Efficiency, ANSI Z21.47 |
Warm-air furnace, gas fired | < 225,000 Btu/h | Maximum capacityc | 80% Etb,d before 1/1/2023 81% Etd after 1/1/2023 | Section 2.39, Thermal Efficiency, ANSI Z21.47 |
Warm-air furnace, oil fired | < 225,000 Btu/h | Maximum capacityc | 83% AFUE (nonweatherized) or 78% AFUE (weatherized) or 80% Etb,d | DOE 10 C.F.R. 430 Appendix N or Section 42, Combustion UL 727 |
Warm-air furnace, oil fired | < 225,000 Btu/h | Maximum capacityc | 80% Et before 1/1/2023 82% Etd after 1/1/2023 | Section 42, Combustion UL 727 |
Electric furnaces for applications outside the U.S. | < 225,000 Btu/h | All | 96% AFUE | DOE 10 C.F.R. 430 Appendix N |
Warm air duct furnaces, gas fired | All capacities | Maximum capacityc | 80% Ece | Section 2.10, Efficiency, ANSI Z83.8 |
Warm air unit heaters, gas fired | All capacities | Maximum capacityc | 80% Ece,f | Section 2.10, Efficiency, ANSI Z83.8 |
Warm air unit heaters, oil fired | All capacities | Maximum capacityc | 80% Ece,f | Section 40, Combustion, UL 731 |
For SI: 1 British thermal unit per hour = 0.2931 W. |
| a | Chapter 6 contains a complete specification of the referenced standards, which include test procedures, including the referenced year version of the test procedure. |
| b | Combination units (i.e., furnaces contained within the same cabinet as an air conditioner) not covered by DOE 10 C.F.R. 430 (i.e., 3-phase power or with cooling capacity greater than or equal to 65,000 Btu/h) may comply with either rating. All other units greater than 225,000 Btu/h sold in the U.S. must meet the AFUE standards for consumer products and testing using U.S. DOE's AFUE test procedure at DOE 10 C.F.R. 430 Subpart B, Appendix N. |
| c | Compliance of multiple firing rate units shall be at the maximum firing rate. |
| d | Et | = | Thermal efficiency. Units must also include an interrupted or intermittent ignition device (IID), have jacket losses not exceeding 0.75 percent of the input rating, and have either power venting or a flue damper. A vent damper is an acceptable alternative to a flue damper for those furnaces where combustion air is drawn from the conditioned space. |
| e | Ec | = | Combustion efficiency (100% less flue losses). See test procedure for detailed discussion. |
| f | Units must also include an interrupted or intermittent ignition device (IID) and have either power venting or an automatic flue damper. |
| g | This table is a replica of ASHRAE 90.1 Table 6.8.1-5 Warm-Air Furnaces and Combination Warm-Air Furnaces/Air-Conditioning Units, Warm-Air Duct Furnaces, and Unit Heaters—Minimum Efficiency Requirements. |
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-11C-403326Table C403.3.2(6)—Minimum efficiency requirements—Gas-fired and oil-fired boilers.
Table C403.3.2(6)
Gas- and Oil-Fired Boilers—Minimum Efficiency Requirements
Equipment Typea | Subcategory or Rating Condition | Size Category (Input) | Minimum Efficiency | Test Procedurea |
Boilers, hot water | Gas-fired | < 300,000 Btu/hg,h for applications outside the U.S. | 82% AFUE | DOE 10 C.F.R. 430 Appendix N |
≥ 300,000 Btu/h and ≤ 2,500,000 Btu/he | 84% Etd | DOE 10 C.F.R. 431.86 |
> 2,500,000 Btu/h and ≤ 10,000,000 Btu/hb | 85% Etd |
> 10,000,000 Btu/hb | 82% Ecc |
Oil-firedf | < 300,000 Btu/hg,h | 84% AFUE | DOE 10 C.F.R. 430 Appendix N |
≥ 300,000 Btu/h and ≤ 2,500,000 Btu/he | 87% Etd | DOE 10 C.F.R. 431.86 |
> 2,500,000 Btu/hb | 88% Ecc |
> 10,000,000 Btu/hb | 84% Ecd |
Boilers, steam | Gas-fired | < 300,000 Btu/hg | 81% AFUE | DOE 10 C.F.R. 430 Appendix N |
Gas-fired - all, except natural draft | ≥ 300,000 Btu/h and ≤ 2,500,000 Btu/hb | 82% Etd | DOE 10 C.F.R. 431.86 |
> 2,500,000 Btu/ha | 79% Etd |
> 10,000,000 Btu/hb | 79% Etd |
Gas-fired - natural draft | ≥ 300,000 Btu/h and ≤ 2,500,000 Btu/hb | 81% Etd |
> 2,500,000 Btu/hb | 82% Etd |
> 10,000,000 Btu/hb | 79% Etd |
Oil-firedf | < 300,000 Btu/h | 82% AFUE | DOE 10 C.F.R. 430 Appendix N |
≥ 300,000 Btu/h and ≤ 2,500,000 Btu/hb | 84% Etd | DOE 10 C.F.R. 431.86 |
> 2,500,000 Btu/hb | 85% Etd |
> 10,000,000 Btu/hb | 81% Etd |
For SI: 1 British thermal unit per hour = 0.2931 W. |
| a | Chapter 6 contains a complete specification of the referenced standards, which include test procedures, including the reference year version of the test procedure. |
| b | These requirements apply to boilers with rated input of 8,000,000 Btu/h or less that are not packaged boilers and to all packaged boilers. Minimum efficiency requirements for boilers cover all capacities of packaged boilers. |
| c | Ec | = | Combustion efficiency (100 percent less flue losses). |
| d | Et | = | Thermal efficiency. |
| e | Maximum capacity – Minimum and maximum ratings as provided for and allowed by the unit's controls. |
| f | Includes oil-fired (residual). |
| g | Boilers shall not be equipped with a constant burning pilot light. |
| h | A boiler not equipped with a tankless domestic water heating coil shall be equipped with an automatic means for adjusting the temperature of the water such that an incremental change in inferred heat load produces a corresponding incremental change in the temperature of the water supplied. |
| i | This table is a replica of ASHRAE 90.1 Table 6.8.1-6 Gas- and Oil-Fired Boilers—Minimum Efficiency Requirements. |
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-11C-403327Table C403.3.2(7)—Heat rejection equipment—Minimum efficiency requirements.
Table C403.3.2(7)
Heat Rejection Equipment—Minimum Efficiency Requirementsi
Equipment Typea | Total System Heat Rejection Capacity at Rated Conditions | Subcategory or Rating Conditionh | Performance Requiredb,c,d,f,g | Test Procedurea,e |
Propeller or axial fan open-circuit cooling towers | All | 95°F Entering Water 85°F Leaving Water 75°F Entering wb | ≥ 40.2 gpm/hp | CTI ATC-105 and CTI STD-201 RS |
Centrifugal fan open circuit cooling towers | All | 95°F Entering Water 85°F Leaving Water 75°F Entering wb | ≥ 20.0 gpm/hp | CTI ATC-105 and CTI STD-201 RS |
Propeller or axial fan closed-circuit cooling towers | All | 102°F Entering Water 90°F Leaving Water 75°F Entering wb | ≥ 16.1 gpm/hp | CTI ATC-105S and CTI STD-201 RS |
Centrifugal closed-circuit cooling towers | All | 102°F Entering Water 90°F Leaving Water 75°F Entering wb | ≥ 7.0 gpm/hp | CTI ATC-105S and CTI STD-201 RS |
Propeller or axial fan dry coolers (air-cooled fluid coolers) | All | 115°F Entering Water 105°F Leaving Water 95°F Entering wb | ≥ 4.5 gpm/hp | CTI ATC-106 |
Propeller or axial fan evaporative condensers | All | R-448A Test Fluid 165°F Entering Gas Temperature 105°F Condensing Temperature 75°F Entering wb | ≥ 160,000 Btu/h • hp | CTI ATC-106 |
Propeller or axial fan evaporative condensers | All | Ammonia Test Fluid 140°F Entering Gas Temperature 96.3°F Condensing Temperature 75°F Entering wb | ≥ 134,000 Btu/h • hp | CTI ATC-106 |
Centrifugal fan evaporative condensers | All | R-448A Test Fluid 165°F Entering Gas Temperature 105°F Condensing Temperature 75°F Entering wb | ≥ 137,000 Btu/h • hp | CTI ATC-106 |
Centrifugal fan evaporative condensers | All | Ammonia Test Fluid 140°F Entering Gas Temperature 96.3°F Condensing Temperature 75°F Entering wb | ≥ 110,000 Btu/h • hp | CTI ATC-106 |
Air cooled condensers | All | 125°F Condensing Temperature R-22 Test Fluid 190°F Entering Gas Temperature 15°F Subcooling 95°F Entering db | ≥ 176,000 Btu/h • hp | AHRI 460 |
For SI: °C = [(°F) - 32]/1.8, L/s • kW = (gpm/hp)/(11.83), COP = (Btu/h • hp)/(2550.7). |
| db = dry-bulb temperature, °F. |
| wb = wet-bulb temperature, °F. |
a | Chapter 6 contains a complete specification of the referenced standards, which include test procedures, including the reference year version of the test procedure. |
b | For purposes of this table, open-circuit cooling tower performance is defined as the water-flow rating of the tower at the thermal rating condition listed in the table divided by the fan motor nameplate power. |
c | For purposes of this table, closed-circuit cooling tower performance is defined as the water-flow rating of the tower at the thermal rating condition divided by the sum of the fan motor nameplate power and the integral spray pump motor nameplate power. |
d | For purposes of this table, dry-cooler performance is defined as the process water-flow rating of the unit at the thermal rating condition listed in the table divided by the total fan motor nameplate power of the unit, and air-cooled condenser performance is defined as the heat rejected from the refrigerant divided by the total fan motor nameplate power of the unit. |
e | The efficiencies and test procedures for both open- and closed-circuit cooling towers are not applicable to hybrid cooling towers that contain a combination of separate wet and dry heat exchange sections. The certification requirements do not apply to field-erected cooling towers. |
f | All cooling towers shall comply with the minimum efficiency listed in the table for that specific type of tower with the capacity effect of any project-specific accessories and/or options included in the capacity of the cooling tower. |
g | For purposes of this table, evaporative condenser performance is defined as the heat rejected at the specified rating condition in the table, divided by the sum of the fan motor nameplate power and the integral spray pump nameplate power. |
h | Requirements for evaporative condensers are listed with ammonia (R-717) and R-448A as test fluids in the table. Evaporative condensers intended for use with halocarbon refrigerants other than R-448A must meet the minimum efficiency requirements listed above with R-448A as the test fluid. For ammonia, the condensing temperature is defined as the saturation temperature corresponding to the refrigerant pressure at the condenser entrance. For R-448A, which is a zeotropic refrigerant, the condensing temperature is defined as the arithmetic average of the dew point and the bubble point temperatures corresponding to the refrigerant pressure at the condenser entrance. |
i | This table is a replica of ASHRAE 90.1 Table 6.8.1-7 Performance Requirements for Heat Rejection Equipment—Minimum Efficiency Requirements. |
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-11C-403328Table C403.3.2(8)—Electrically operated variable refrigerant flow air conditioners—Minimum efficiency requirements.
Table C403.3.2(8)
Electrically Operated Variable Refrigerant Flow Air Conditioners—Minimum Efficiency Requirementsb
Equipment Type | Size Category | Heating Section Type | Subcategory or Rating Condition | Minimum Efficiency | Test Procedurea |
| < 65,000 Btu/h | All | VRF Multi-Split System | 13.0 SEER | |
VRF Air Conditioners, Air Cooled | ≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 135,000 Btu/h | Electric Resistance (or none) | VRF Multi-Split System | 11.2 EER 15.5 IEER | AHRI 1230 |
| ≥ 135,000 Btu/h and < 240,000 Btu/h | Electric Resistance (or none) | VRF Multi-Split System | 11.0 EER 14.9 IEER | |
| ≥ 240,000 Btu/h | Electric Resistance (or none) | VRF Multi-Split System | 10.0 EER 13.9 IEER | |
For SI: 1 British thermal unit per hour = 0.2931 W. |
a | Chapter 6 contains a complete specification of the referenced standards, which include test procedures, including the reference year version of the test procedure. |
b | This table is a replica of ASHRAE 90.1 Table 6.8.1-8 Electrically Operated Variable-Refrigerant-Flow Air Conditioners—Minimum Efficiency Requirements. |
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-11C-403329Tables C403.3.2(9) through C403.3.2(16)—HVAC equipment minimum efficiency requirements.
Table C403.3.2(9)
Electrically Operated Variable Refrigerant Flow Air-to-Air and Applied Heat Pumps—Minimum Efficiency Requirementsb
Equipment Type | Size Category | Heating Section Type | Subcategory or Rating Condition | Minimum Efficiency | Test Procedurea |
| < 65,000 Btu/h | All | VRF Multi-Split System | 13.0 SEER | |
| ≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 135,000 Btu/h | Electric Resistance (or none) | VRF Multi-Split System | 11.0 EER 14.6 IEER | |
| ≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 135,000 Btu/h | Electric Resistance (or none) | VRF Multi-Split System with Heat Recovery | 10.8 EER 14.4 IEER | |
VRF Air Cooled (cooling mode) | ≥ 135,000 Btu/h and < 240,000 Btu/h | Electric Resistance (or none) | VRF Multi-Split System | 10.6 EER 13.9 IEER | AHRI 1230 |
| ≥ 135,000 Btu/h and < 240,000 Btu/h | Electric Resistance (or none) | VRF Multi-Split System with Heat Recovery | 10.4 EER 13.7 IEER | |
| ≥ 240,000 Btu/h | Electric Resistance (or none) | VRF Multi-Split System | 9.5 EER 12.7 IEER | |
| ≥ 240,000 Btu/h | Electric Resistance (or none) | VRF Multi-Split System with Heat Recovery | 9.3 EER 12.5 IEER | |
| < 65,000 Btu/h | All | VRF Multi-Split System 86ºF entering water | 12.0 EER 16.0 IEER | |
| < 65,000 Btu/h | All | VRF Multi-Split System with Heat Recovery 86ºF entering water | 11.8 EER 15.8 IEER | |
| ≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 135,000 Btu/h | All | VRF Multi-Split System 86ºF entering water | 12.0 EER 16.0 IEER | |
VRF Water Source (cooling mode) | ≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 135,000 Btu/h | All | VRF Multi-Split System with Heat Recovery 86ºF entering water | 11.8 EER 15.8 IEER | AHRI 1230 |
| ≥ 135,000 Btu/h and < 240,000 Btu/h | All | VRF Multi-Split System 86ºF entering water | 10.0 EER 14.0 IEER | |
| ≥ 135,000 Btu/h and < 240,000 Btu/h | All | VRF Multi-Split System with Heat Recovery 86ºF entering water | 9.8 EER 13.8 IEER | |
| ≥ 240,000 Btu/h | All | VRF Multi-Split System 86ºF entering water | 10.0 EER 12.0 IEER | |
| ≥ 240,000 Btu/h | All | VRF Multi-Split System with Heat Recovery 86ºF entering water | 9.8 EER 11.8 IEER | |
| < 135,000 Btu/h | All | VRF Multi-Split System 59ºF entering water | 16.2 EER | |
< 135,000 Btu/h | All | VRF Multi-Split System with Heat Recovery 59ºF entering water | 16.0 EER | |
VRF Groundwater Source (cooling mode) | ≥ 135,000 Btu/h | All | VRF Multi-Split System 59ºF entering water | 13.8 EER | AHRI 1230 |
| ≥ 135,000 Btu/h | All | VRF Multi-Split System with Heat Recovery 59ºF entering water | 13.6 EER | |
| < 135,000 Btu/h | All | VRF Multi-Split System 77ºF entering water | 13.4 EER | |
VRF Ground Source (cooling mode) | < 135,000 Btu/h | All | VRF Multi-Split System with Heat Recovery 77ºF entering water | 13.2 EER | AHRI 1230 |
| ≥ 135,000 Btu/h | All | VRF Multi-Split System 77ºF entering water | 11.0 EER | |
| ≥ 135,000 Btu/h | All | VRF Multi-Split System with Heat Recovery 77ºF entering water | 10.8 EER | |
| < 65,000 Btu/h (cooling capacity) | | VRF Multi-Split System | 7.7 HSPF | |
VRF Air Cooled (heating mode) | ≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 135,000 Btu/h (cooling capacity) | | VRF Multi-Split System 47ºF db/43ºF wb outdoor air 17ºF db/15ºF wb outdoor air | 3.3 COP 2.25 COP | AHRI 1230 |
| ≥ 135,000 Btu/h (cooling capacity) | | VRF Multi-Split System 47ºF db/43ºF wb outdoor air 17ºF db/15ºF wb outdoor air | 3.2 COP 2.05 COP | |
| < 65,000 Btu/h (cooling capacity) | | VRF Multi-Split System 68ºF entering water | 4.3 COP | |
| ≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 135,000 Btu/h (cooling capacity) | | VRF Multi-Split System 68ºF entering water | 4.3 COP | |
VRF Water Source (heating mode) | ≥ 135,000 Btu/h and < 240,000 Btu/h (cooling capacity) | | VRF Multi-Split System 68ºF entering water | 4.0 COP | AHRI 1230 |
| ≥ 240,000 Btu/h (cooling capacity) | | VRF Multi-Split System 68ºF entering water | 3.9 COP | |
VRF Groundwater Source | < 135,000 Btu/h (cooling capacity) | | VRF Multi-Split System 50ºF entering water | 3.6 COP | AHRI 1230 |
(heating mode) | ≥ 135,000 Btu/h (cooling capacity) | | VRF Multi-Split System 50ºF entering water | 3.3 COP | |
VRF Ground Source | < 135,000 Btu/h (cooling capacity) | | VRF Multi-Split System 32ºF entering water | 3.1 COP | AHRI 1230 |
(heating mode) | ≥ 135,000 Btu/h (cooling capacity) | | VRF Multi-Split System 32ºF entering water | 2.8 COP | |
For SI: °C = [(°F) - 32]/1.8, 1 British thermal unit per hour = 0.2931 W, db = dry bulb temperature, wb = wet bulb temperature. |
a | Chapter 6 contains a complete specification of the referenced standards, which include test procedures, including the reference year version of the test procedure. |
b | This table is a replica of ASHRAE 90.1 Table 6.8.1-9 Electrically Operated Variable-Refrigerant-Flow and Applied Heat Pumps—Minimum Efficiency Requirements. |
Table C403.3.2(10)
Floor-Mounted Air Conditioners and Condensing Units Serving Computer Rooms—Minimum Efficiency Requirementsb
Equipment Type | Standard Model | Net Sensible Cooling Capacity | Minimum Net Sensible COP | Rating Conditions Return Air (dry bulb/dew point) | Test Procedurea |
Air cooled | Downflow | < 80,000 Btu/h | 2.70 | 85°F/52°F (Class 2) | AHRI 1360 |
≥ 80,000 Btu/h and < 295,000 Btu/h | 2.58 |
≥ 295,000 Btu/h | 2.36 |
Upflow - Ducted | < 80,000 Btu/h | 2.67 |
≥ 80,000 Btu/h and < 295,000 Btu/h | 2.55 |
≥ 295,000 Btu/h | 2.33 |
| Upflow - Nonducted | ˃ 65,000 Btu/h | 2.16 | 75°F/52°F (Class 1) | |
≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 240,000 Btu/h | 2.04 |
≥ 240,000 Btu/h | 1.89 |
Horizontal | ˃ 65,000 Btu/h | 2.65 | |
≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 240,000 Btu/h | 2.55 | 95°F/52°F (Class 3) |
≥ 240,000 Btu/h | 2.47 | |
Air cooled with fluid economizer | Downflow | < 80,000 Btu/h | 2.70 | 85°F/52°F (Class 1) | AHRI 1360 |
≥ 80,000 Btu/h and < 295,000 Btu/h | 2.58 |
≥ 295,000 Btu/h | 2.36 |
Upflow - Ducted | < 80,000 Btu/h | 2.67 |
≥ 80,000 Btu/h and < 295,000 Btu/h | 2.55 |
≥ 295,000 Btu/h | 2.33 |
| Upflow - Nonducted | ˃ 65,000 Btu/h | 2.09 | 75°F/52°F (Class 1) | |
≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 240,000 Btu/h | 1.99 |
≥ 240,000 Btu/h | 1.81 |
Horizontal | ˃ 65,000 Btu/h | 2.65 | |
≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 240,000 Btu/h | 2.55 | 95°F/52°F (Class 3) |
≥ 240,000 Btu/h | 2.47 | |
Water cooled | Downflow | < 80,000 Btu/h | 2.82 | 85°F/52°F (Class 1) | AHRI 1360 |
≥ 80,000 Btu/h and < 295,000 Btu/h | 2.73 |
≥ 295,000 Btu/h | 2.67 |
Upflow - Ducted | < 80,000 Btu/h | 2.79 |
≥ 80,000 Btu/h and < 295,000 Btu/h | 2.70 |
≥ 295,000 Btu/h | 2.64 |
| Upflow - Nonducted | ˃ 65,000 Btu/h | 2.43 | 75°F/52°F (Class 1) | |
≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 240,000 Btu/h | 2.32 |
≥ 240,000 Btu/h | 2.20 |
Horizontal | ˃ 65,000 Btu/h | 2.79 | |
≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 240,000 Btu/h | 2.68 | 95°F/52°F (Class 3) |
≥ 240,000 Btu/h | 2.60 | |
Water cooled with fluid economizer | Downflow | < 80,000 Btu/h | 2.77 | 85°F/52°F (Class 1) | AHRI 1360 |
≥ 80,000 Btu/h and < 295,000 Btu/h | 2.68 |
≥ 295,000 Btu/h | 2.61 |
Upflow - Ducted | < 80,000 Btu/h | 2.74 |
≥ 80,000 Btu/h and < 295,000 Btu/h | 2.65 |
≥ 295,000 Btu/h | 2.58 |
| Upflow - Nonducted | ˃ 65,000 Btu/h | 2.35 | 75°F/52°F (Class 1) | |
≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 240,000 Btu/h | 2.24 |
≥ 240,000 Btu/h | 2.12 |
Horizontal | ˃ 65,000 Btu/h | 2.71 | |
≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 240,000 Btu/h | 2.60 | 95°F/52°F (Class 3) |
≥ 240,000 Btu/h | 2.54 | | |
Glycol cooled | Downflow | < 80,000 Btu/h | 2.56 | 85°F/52°F (Class 1) | AHRI 1360 |
≥ 80,000 Btu/h and < 295,000 Btu/h | 2.24 |
≥ 295,000 Btu/h | 2.21 |
Upflow - Ducted | < 80,000 Btu/h | 2.53 |
≥ 80,000 Btu/h and < 295,000 Btu/h | 2.21 |
≥ 295,000 Btu/h | 2.18 |
| Upflow - Nonducted | ˃ 65,000 Btu/h | 2.08 | 75°F/52°F (Class 1) | |
≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 240,000 Btu/h | 1.90 |
≥ 240,000 Btu/h | 1.81 |
Horizontal | ˃ 65,000 Btu/h | 2.48 | |
≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 240,000 Btu/h | 2.18 | 95°F/52°F (Class 3) |
≥ 240,000 Btu/h | 2.18 | |
Glycol cooled with fluid economizer | Downflow | < 80,000 Btu/h | 2.51 | 85°F/52°F (Class 1) | AHRI 1360 |
≥ 80,000 Btu/h and < 295,000 Btu/h | 2.19 |
≥ 295,000 Btu/h | 2.15 |
Upflow - Ducted | < 80,000 Btu/h | 2.48 |
≥ 80,000 Btu/h and < 295,000 Btu/h | 2.16 |
≥ 295,000 Btu/h | 2.12 |
| Upflow - Nonducted | ˃ 65,000 Btu/h | 2.00 | 75°F/52°F (Class 1) | |
≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 240,000 Btu/h | 1.82 |
≥ 240,000 Btu/h | 1.73 |
Horizontal | ˃ 65,000 Btu/h | 2.44 | |
≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 240,000 Btu/h | 2.10 | 95°F/52°F (Class 3) |
≥ 240,000 Btu/h | 2.10 | |
For SI: 1 British thermal unit per hour = 0.2931 W, °C = [(°F) - 32]/1.8. |
a | Chapter 6 contains a complete specification of the referenced standards, which include test procedures, including the reference year version of the test procedure. |
b | This table is a replica of ASHRAE 90.1 Table 6.8.1-10 Floor-Mounted Air Conditioners and Condensing Units Serving Computer Rooms—Minimum Efficiency Requirements. |
Table C403.3.2(11)
Vapor-Compression-Based Indoor Pool Dehumidifiers—Minimum Efficiency Requirementsb
Equipment Type | Subcategory or Rating Condition | Minimum Efficiency | Test Procedurea |
Single package indoor (with or without economizer) | Rating Conditions: A or C | 3.5 MRE | AHRI 910 |
Single package indoor water cooled (with or without economizer) | Rating Conditions: A, B or C | 3.5 MRE |
Single package indoor air cooled (with or without economizer) | Rating Conditions: A, B or C | 3.5 MRE |
Split system indoor air cooled (with or without economizer) | Rating Conditions: A, B or C | 3.5 MRE |
a | Chapter 6 contains a complete specification of the referenced standards, which include test procedures, including the reference year version of the test procedure. |
b | This table is a replica of ASHRAE 90.1 Table 6.8.1-11 Vapor-Compressor-Based Indoor Pool Dehumidifiers—Minimum Efficiency Requirements. |
Table C403.3.2(12)
Electrically Operated DX-DOAS Units, Single-Package and Remote Condenser, Without Energy Recovery—Minimum Efficiency Requirementsb
Equipment Type | Subcategory or Rating Condition | Minimum Efficiency | Test Procedurea |
Air cooled (dehumidification mode) | | 4.0 ISMRE | AHRI 920 |
Air source heat pumps (dehumidification mode) | | 4.0 ISMRE | AHRI 920 |
Water cooled (dehumidification mode) | Cooling tower condenser water | 4.9 ISMRE | AHRI 920 |
Chilled water | 6.0 ISMRE |
Air source heat pump (heating mode) | | 2.7 ISCOP | AHRI 920 |
Water source heat pump (dehumidification mode) | Ground source, closed loop | 4.8 ISMRE | AHRI 920 |
Ground-water source | 5.0 ISMRE |
Water source | 4.0 ISMRE |
Water source heat pump (heating mode) | Ground source, closed loop | 2.0 ISCOP | AHRI 920 |
Ground-water source | 3.2 ISCOP |
Water source | 3.5 ISCOP |
a | Chapter 6 contains a complete specification of the referenced standards, which include test procedures, including the reference year version of the test procedure. |
b | This table is a replica of ASHRAE 90.1 Table 6.8.1-13 Electrically Operated DX-DOAS Units, Single-Package and Remote Condenser, without Energy Recovery—Minimum Efficiency Requirements. |
Table C403.3.2(13)
Electrically Operated DX-DOAS Units, Single-Package and Remote Condenser, with Energy Recovery—Minimum Efficiency Requirementsb
Equipment Type | Subcategory or Rating Condition | Minimum Efficiency | Test Procedurea |
Air cooled (dehumidification mode) | | 5.2 ISMRE | AHRI 920 |
Air source heat pumps (dehumidification mode) | | 5.2 ISMRE | AHRI 920 |
Water cooled (dehumidification mode) | Cooling tower condenser water | 5.3 ISMRE | AHRI 920 |
Chilled water | 6.6 ISMRE |
Air source heat pump (heating mode) | | 3.3 ISCOP | AHRI 920 |
Water source heat pump (dehumidification mode) | Ground source, closed loop | 5.2 ISMRE | AHRI 920 |
Ground-water source | 5.8 ISMRE |
Water source | 4.8 ISMRE |
Water source heat pump (heating mode) | Ground source, closed loop | 3.8 ISCOP | AHRI 920 |
Ground-water source | 4.0 ISCOP |
Water source | 4.8 ISCOP |
a | Chapter 6 contains a complete specification of the referenced standards, which include test procedures, including the reference year version of the test procedure. |
b | This table is a replica of ASHRAE 90.1 Table 6.8.1-14 Electrically Operated DX-DOAS Units, Single-Package and Remote Condenser, with Energy Recovery—Minimum Efficiency Requirements. |
Table C403.3.2(14)
Electrically Water Source Heat Pumps—Minimum Efficiency Requirementsc
Equipment Type | Size Categoryb | Heating Section Type | Subcategory or Rating Condition | Minimum Efficiency | Test Procedurea |
| < 17,000 Btu/h | All | 86°F entering water | 12.2 EER | |
Water to air, water loop (cooling mode) | ≥ 17,000 Btu/h and < 65,000 Btu/h | All | 86°F entering water | 13.0 EER | ISO 13256-1 |
| ≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 135,000 Btu/h | All | 86°F entering water | 13.0 EER | |
Water to air, ground water (cooling mode) | < 135,000 Btu/h | All | 59°F entering water | 18.0 EER | |
Brine to air, ground loop (cooling mode) | < 135,000 Btu/h | All | 77°F entering water | 14.1 EER | |
Water to water, water loop (cooling mode) | < 135,000 Btu/h | All | 86°F entering water | 10.6 EER | |
Water to water, ground water (cooling mode) | < 135,000 Btu/h | All | 59°F entering water | 16.3 EER | ISO 13256-2 |
Brine to water, ground loop (cooling mode) | < 135,000 Btu/h | All | 77°F entering fluid | 12.1 EER | |
Water to air, water loop (heating mode) | < 135,000 Btu/h (cooling capacity) | | 68°F entering water | 4.3 COPH | |
Water to air, ground water (heating mode) | < 135,000 Btu/h (cooling capacity) | | 50°F entering water | 3.7 COPH | ISO 13256-1 |
Brine to air, ground loop (heating mode) | < 135,000 Btu/h (cooling capacity) | | 32°F entering fluid | 3.2 COPH | |
Water to water, water loop (heating mode) | < 135,000 Btu/h (cooling capacity) | | 68°F entering water | 3.7 COPH | ISO 13256-1 |
Water to water, ground water (heating mode) | < 135,000 Btu/h (cooling capacity) | | 50°F entering water | 3.1 COPH | ISO 13256-2 |
Brine to water, ground loop (heating mode) | < 135,000 Btu/h (cooling capacity) | | 32°F entering fluid | 2.5 COPH | ISO 13256-2 |
For SI: 1 British thermal unit per hour = 0.2931 W, °C = [(°F) - 32]/1.8. |
a | Chapter 6 contains a complete specification of the referenced standards, which include test procedures, including the reference year version of the test procedure. |
b | Single-phase, U.S. air-cooled heat pumps less than 19 kW are regulated as consumer produces by DOE 10 C.F.R. 430. SCOPC, SCOP2C, SCOPH and SCOP2H values for single-phase products are set by the U.S. DOE. |
c | This table is a replica of ASHRAE 90.1 Table 6.8.1-15 Electrically Operated Water-Source Heat Pumps—Minimum Efficiency Requirements. |
Table C403.3.2(15)
Heat-Pump and Heat Recovery Chiller Packages—Minimum Efficiency Requirementsg,h,i,j,k
For SI: °C = [(°F) - 32]/1.8. |
a | Chapter 6 contains a complete specification of the referenced standards, which include test procedures, including the reference year version of the test procedure. |
b | Cooling-only rating conditions are standard rating conditions defined in AHRI 550/590, Table 1. |
c | Heating full-load rating conditions are at rating conditions defined in AHRI 550/590, Table 1. |
d | For water-cooled heat recovery chillers that have capabilities for heat rejection to a heat recovery condenser and a tower condenser, the COPHR applies to operation at full load with 100 percent heat recovery (no tower rejection). Units that only have capabilities for partial heat recovery shall meet the requirements of Table C403.3.2(3). |
e | Outdoor air entering dry-bulb (db) temperature and wet-bulb (wb) temperature. |
f | Source-water entering and leaving water temperature. |
g | This table is a replica of ASHRAE 90.1 Table 6.8.1-16 Heat-Pump and Heat Recovery Chiller Packages—Minimum Efficiency Requirements. |
h | AHRI ratings are not required for equipment sizes larger than those covered by the test standard. |
i | Air-to-water heat pumps that are configured to operate only in heating and not in cooling only need to comply with the minimum heating efficiencies. |
j | Units that are both an air-to-water heat pump and a heat recovery chiller are required to comply with either the applicable air source efficiency requirements or the heat recovery chiller requirements but not both. |
k | Heat pumps and heat recovery chillers are only required to comply with one of the four leaving heating water temperature criteria. The leaving heater water temperature criteria that are closest to the design leaving water temperature shall be utilized. |
Table C403.3.2(16)
Ceiling-Mounted Computer-Room Air Conditioners—Minimum Efficiency Requirementsb
Equipment Type | Standard Model | Net Sensible Cooling Capacity | Minimum Net Sensible COP | Rating Conditions Return Air (dry-bulb/dew point) | Test Procedurea |
Air cooled with free air discharge condenser | Ducted | < 29,000 Btu/h | 2.05 | 75°F/52°F (Class 1) | AHRI 1360 |
≥ 29,000 Btu/h and < 65,000 Btu/h | 2.02 |
≥ 65,000 Btu/h | 1.92 |
Nonducted | < 29,000 Btu/h | 2.08 |
≥ 29,000 Btu/h and < 65,000 Btu/h | 2.05 |
≥ 65,000 Btu/h | 1.94 |
Air cooled with free air discharge condenser with fluid economizer | Ducted | < 29,000 Btu/h | 2.01 | 75°F/52°F (Class 1) | AHRI 1360 |
≥ 29,000 Btu/h and < 65,000 Btu/h | 1.97 |
≥ 65,000 Btu/h | 1.87 |
Nonducted | < 29,000 Btu/h | 2.04 |
≥ 29,000 Btu/h and < 65,000 Btu/h | 2.00 |
≥ 65,000 Btu/h | 1.89 |
Air cooled with ducted condenser | Ducted | < 29,000 Btu/h | 1.86 | 75°F/52°F (Class 1) | AHRI 1360 |
≥ 29,000 Btu/h and < 65,000 Btu/h | 1.83 |
≥ 65,000 Btu/h | 1.73 |
Nonducted | < 29,000 Btu/h | 1.89 |
≥ 29,000 Btu/h and < 65,000 Btu/h | 1.86 |
≥ 65,000 Btu/h | 1.75 |
Air cooled with fluid economizer and ducted condenser | Ducted | < 29,000 Btu/h | 1.82 | 75°F/52°F (Class 1) | AHRI 1360 |
≥ 29,000 Btu/h and < 65,000 Btu/h | 1.78 |
≥ 65,000 Btu/h | 1.68 |
Nonducted | < 29,000 Btu/h | 1.85 |
≥ 29,000 Btu/h and < 65,000 Btu/h | 1.81 |
≥ 65,000 Btu/h | 1.70 |
Water cooled | Ducted | < 29,000 Btu/h | 2.38 | 75°F/52°F (Class 1) | AHRI 1360 |
≥ 29,000 Btu/h and < 65,000 Btu/h | 2.28 |
≥ 65,000 Btu/h | 2.18 |
Nonducted | < 29,000 Btu/h | 2.41 |
≥ 29,000 Btu/h and < 65,000 Btu/h | 2.31 |
≥ 65,000 Btu/h | 2.20 |
Water cooled with fluid economizer | Ducted | < 29,000 Btu/h | 2.33 | 75°F/52°F (Class 1) | AHRI 1360 |
≥ 29,000 Btu/h and < 65,000 Btu/h | 2.23 |
≥ 65,000 Btu/h | 2.13 |
Nonducted | < 29,000 Btu/h | 2.36 |
≥ 29,000 Btu/h and < 65,000 Btu/h | 2.26 |
≥ 65,000 Btu/h | 2.16 |
Glycol cooled | Ducted | < 29,000 Btu/h | 1.97 | 75°F/52°F (Class 1) | AHRI 1360 |
≥ 29,000 Btu/h and < 65,000 Btu/h | 1.93 |
≥ 65,000 Btu/h | 1.78 |
Nonducted | < 29,000 Btu/h | 2.00 |
≥ 29,000 Btu/h and < 65,000 Btu/h | 1.98 |
≥ 65,000 Btu/h | 1.81 |
Glycol cooled with fluid economizer | Ducted | < 29,000 Btu/h | 1.92 | 75°F/52°F (Class 1) | AHRI 1360 |
≥ 29,000 Btu/h and < 65,000 Btu/h | 1.88 |
≥ 65,000 Btu/h | 1.73 |
|