(1) All footwalks and passageways subject to slipping hazards due to peculiarities of conditions or processes of the operation must be provided with nonslip surfaces.

(2) Walkways in accordance with WAC 296-78-71001(((8)))(7) must be provided over roll casings, transfer tables, conveyors or other moving parts except when stepping over such equipment is not in connection with usual and necessary traffic.

(3) Walkways alongside of sorting tables must be of sufficient width to provide a safe working area. Such walkways must be evenly floored and kept in good repair at all times. They must be kept free from obstructions and debris.

(4) When employees are required to clear plug-ups in veneer trays or lumber sorting trays, adequate walkways with standard guardrails must be provided for access to the trays whenever possible. When walkways are not provided, safety belts or harnesses with lanyards, tied off to substantial anchorages, must be provided and used at all times.

(5) Walkways and stairways with standard hand rails must be provided wherever space will permit, for oilers and other employees whose duties require them to go consistently to elevated and hazardous locations.

(a) Where such passageways are over walkways or work areas, standard toeboards must be provided.

(b) Protection, as required by chapter 296-806 WAC, Machine safety, must be provided against contact with transmission machinery or moving conveyors.

This chapter generally sets requirements according to chapter 88.04 RCW to protect the safety and health of passengers and crew on board charter boats, and provides penalties for violations of these requirements. Specifically, this chapter:

(1) Applies to vessels for hire that carry seven or more passengers when operated in state waters which are not regulated by the United States Coast Guard.

(2) Does not apply to:

(a) Vessels that are charter boats but are being used by the documented or registered owner exclusively for their own noncommercial or personal pleasure purposes;

(b) Vessels owned by people or corporate entities which are donated and used by people or nonprofit organizations to transport passengers for charitable or noncommercial purposes, regardless of whether consideration is directly or indirectly paid to the owner;

(c) Vessels that are rented, leased, or hired by operators to transport passengers for noncommercial or personal pleasure purposes;

(d) Vessels used exclusively for, or incidental to, educational purposes; or

(e) Bare boat charter boats.

(3) Is intended to be consistent with, and prevails in the event of a conflict with, the rules adopted by the United States Coast Guard under 46 C.F.R. Subchapters K and T, in effect at the time the vessel's keel was laid.

(4) General information:

All forms and applications related to charter boat operations may be requested from the department or are available on the website at https://lni.wa.gov/licensing-permits/other-licenses-permits/charter-boats.

All correspondence related to charter boat operations may be submitted to:

Department of Labor and Industries

DOSH-Charter Boats

P.O. Box ((44650))44616

Olympia, WA 98504-((4650))4616; or

Submitted electronically to:

Email: Charterboats@lni.wa.gov

Chapter 296-801 WAC provides health and safety requirements for staffing agencies and worksite (or host) employers consistent with RCW 49.17.490 Temporary workers—Safety—Staffing agency and worksite employer duties. The requirements in this chapter are limited to employers classified under the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) in Sectors 23 (construction), 31 through 33 (manufacturing), and code 561320 (temporary help services).

Before the assignment of an employee to a worksite employer, a staffing agency must:

(1) Inquire about the worksite employer's safety and health practices and hazards at the actual workplace where the employee will be working to assess the safety conditions, workers tasks, and the worksite employer's safety program; these activities are required at the start of any contract to place workers and may include visiting the actual worksite. If, during the inquiry or anytime during the period of the contract, the staffing agency becomes aware of existing job hazards that are not mitigated by the worksite employer, the staffing agency must make the host employer aware, urge the host employer to correct it, and document these efforts, otherwise the staffing agency must remove the temporary workers from the worksite;

(2) Provide training to the employee for general awareness safety training for recognized industry hazards the employee may encounter at the worksite. Industry hazard training must be completed, in the preferred language of the employee, and must be provided at no expense to the employee. The training date and training content must be maintained by the staffing agency and provided to the employee upon request;

(3) Transmit a general description of the training program including topics covered to the worksite employer, whether electronically or on paper, at the start of the contract with the worksite employer;

(4) Provide the department's hotline number (((1-800-4BS-SAFE))1-800-4BE-SAFE, or 1-800-423-7233 and using option 2, then option 2 again to report unsafe working conditions) for the employee to call to report safety hazards and concerns as part of the employment materials provided to the employee; and

(5) Inform the employee who the employee should report safety concerns to at the workplace.

(1)Acceptable entry conditions. The conditions that must exist in a permit-required confined space to allow safe entry and work.

(2)Alternative methods. Permit-required confined space using alternative methods. An alternative process for entering a permit space under very specific conditions outlined in WAC 296-809-60002 and 296-809-60004. The employer must complete documentation as required to communicate to the workers the space conditions. For an example, see Appendix J Alternative Method Documentation by visiting "Find Safety Rules" on the labor and industries website ((at http://www.lni.wa.gov/safety/rules/chapter/809/)).

(3)Atmospheric hazard. See definition of hazardous atmosphere.

(4)Atmospheric testing. See definition of monitoring or testing.

(5)Attendant. An individual stationed outside one or more permit-required confined spaces to monitor the entrants. Attendants must perform the duties required in WAC 296-809-50020.

(6)Barrier. A physical obstruction that blocks or limits access.

(7)Blanking or blinding. The absolute closure of a pipe, line, or duct by fastening a solid plate (such as a spectacle blind or a skillet blind) that completely covers the bore. It is capable of withstanding the maximum pressure of the pipe, line, or duct with no leakage beyond the plate.

(8)Calibration. Checking a direct reading instrument against an accurate standard such as a calibration gas to determine deviation and correct for analytical errors.

(9)Competent person. A person capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions including those that are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and has the authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them. They must be knowledgeable in this chapter.

(10)Confined space. A space that is all of the following:

(a) Large enough and arranged so an employee could fully enter the space and work.

(b) Has limited or restricted entry or exit. Examples of spaces with limited or restricted entry are tanks, vessels, silos, storage bins, hoppers, vaults, excavations, and pits.

(c) Not primarily designed for continuous human occupancy.

(11)Control. The action taken to reduce the level of any hazard inside a confined space using engineering methods (for example, ventilation), and then using these methods effectively to maintain the reduced hazard level. Control also refers to the engineering methods used for this purpose. Personal protective equipment is not a control.

(12)Controlling contractor(employer). The employer that has overall responsibility for construction at the worksite. If the controlling contractor (employer) owns or manages the property, then it is both a controlling employer and a host employer.

(13)Double block and bleed. The closure of a line, duct, or pipe by closing and locking or tagging two in-line valves and by opening and locking or tagging a drain or vent valve in the line between the two closed valves. See also chapter 296-803 WAC, Lockout/tagout (control of hazardous energy) ((http://www.lni.wa.gov/safety/rules/chapter/803/)).

(14)Early-warning system. The method used to alert authorized entrants and attendants that an engulfment hazard may be developing. Examples of early-warning systems include: Alarms activated by remote sensors; and lookouts with equipment for immediately communicating with the authorized entrants and attendants.

(15)Emergency. Any occurrence (including any failure of power, hazard control or monitoring equipment) or event internal or external to the permit-required confined space that could endanger authorized entrants.

(16)Energy-isolating device. A mechanical device that physically prevents transmitting or releasing energy. This includes, but is not limited to:

((•))(a) Manually operated electrical circuit breakers.

((•))(b) Disconnect switches.

((•))(c) Manually operated switches that disconnect the conductors of a circuit from all ungrounded supply conductors if no pole of the switch can be operated independently.

((•))(d) Line valves.

((•))(e) Blocks.

((•))(f) Similar devices.

(17)Engulfment. The surrounding and effective capture of a person by a liquid or finely divided (flowable) solid substance that can be inhaled to cause death by filling or plugging the respiratory system or that can exert enough force on the body to cause death by strangulation, constriction, or crushing.

(18)Enter (entry). The action where any part of a person's body breaks the plane (passes through an opening) into a confined space. Entry occurs as soon as any part of the entrant's body breaks the plane of the opening into the space whether or not such action is intentional or any work activities are actually performed in the space.

(19)Entrant. An employee who is authorized by the employer to enter a permit-required confined space.

(20)Entry employer. Any employer who has an employee enter a permit space.

(21)Entry permit (permit). The written or printed document that is provided by you to allow and control entry into a permit-required confined space and that contains the information required in WAC 296-809-500 Permit entry procedures.

(22)Entry rescue. Occurs when a rescue service enters a permit space to rescue one or more employees.

(23)Entry supervisor. The qualified and trained person (such as the employer, crew leader, or crew chief) responsible for identifying permit-required confined spaces and performing responsibilities and job duties as outlined by WAC 296-809-50018. For example:

(a) Determining if acceptable entry conditions are present at a permit-required confined space where entry is planned;

(b) Authorizing entry and overseeing entry operations; and

(c) Terminating entry as required by this standard.

(24)Hazard. A physical hazard or hazardous atmosphere. See definitions below.

(25)Hazardous atmosphere. An atmosphere that may expose employees to the risk of death, incapacitation, impair their ability to self-rescue (escape unaided from a permit-required confined space), injury, or acute illness caused by one or more of the following:

(a) Flammable gas, vapor, or mist in excess of ((ten))10 percent of its lower flammable limit (LFL) or lower explosive limit (LEL).

(b) Airborne combustible dust at a concentration that meets or exceeds its LFL. The concentration may be approximated as a condition in which the dust obscures vision at a distance of 5 feet (1.52 m) or less.

(c) Atmospheric oxygen concentration below 19.5 percent or above 23.5 percent1.

(d) Atmospheric concentration of any substance which may exceed a permissible exposure limit (PEL)2.

(e) Any other atmospheric condition that is immediately dangerous to life or health3.

(26)Hazard elimination. The temporary or permanent action taken to remove a hazard from the work environment. For confined spaces, this definition includes isolation. It does not include the use of forced air ventilation. For a hazard to be considered eliminated, the conditions that create or cause the hazard must no longer exist within the confined space.

(27)Host employer. The employer that owns or manages the property where the work is taking place. In no case will there be more than one host employer.

(28)Hot work. Operations capable of providing a source of ignition (for example, riveting, welding, cutting, burning, and heating).

(29)Hot work permit. A written authorization to perform hot work operations, for example, riveting, welding, cutting, burning, and heating, that can provide a source of ignition.

(30)Immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH). Any of the following conditions:

(a) An immediate or delayed threat to life.

(b) Anything that would cause irreversible adverse health effects.

(c) Anything that would interfere with an individual's ability to escape unaided from a permit-required confined space.

(31)Inerting. The displacement of the atmosphere in a permit-required confined space by a noncombustible gas (such as nitrogen or argon) to such an extent that the resulting atmosphere is noncombustible. Inerting produces an IDLH oxygen-deficient atmosphere.

(32)Isolation. The process of removing a permit-required confined space from service and completely protecting the employees against the release of energy and material into the space by:

((•))(a) Blanking or blinding;

((•))(b) Misaligning or removing sections of lines, pipes, or ducts;

((•))(c) Double block and bleed system;

((•))(d) Machine guarding;

((•))(e) Blocking or disconnecting all mechanical linkages;

((•))(f) Placement of barriers to eliminate the potential for employee contact with a physical hazard; or

((•))(g) Lockout of all sources of energy.

(33)Limited or restricted means of entry or exit. A condition that has a potential to impede an employee's movement into or out of a confined space. A space has limited or restricted means of entry or exit, if an entrant's ability to escape in an emergency would be hindered. Examples include, but are not limited to, trip hazards, poor illumination, slippery floors, inclining surfaces and ladders.

(34)Line breaking. The intentional opening of a pipe, line, or duct that is or has been carrying flammable, corrosive, or toxic material, an inert gas, or any fluid at a volume, pressure, or temperature capable of causing injury.

(35)Lockout. Placing a lockout device on an energy-isolating device using an established procedure to make sure the machine or equipment cannot be operated until the lockout device is removed. For more information, see chapter 296-803 WAC, Lockout/tagout (control of hazardous energy).

(36)Lockout device. A device that uses a positive means, such as a key or combination lock, to hold an energy-isolating device in the "safe" or "off" position. This includes blank flanges and bolted slip blinds.

(37)Lower flammable limit (LFL) or lower explosive limit (LEL). The minimum concentration of a substance in air needed for an ignition source to cause a flame or explosion.

(38)Mobile worker. An employee who performs work in multiple locations such as: Customer sites, company offices, private homes, vendor offices, or construction sites.

(39)Monitor or monitoring (see also testing). The process used to identify and evaluate a potential hazardous atmosphere after an authorized entrant enters the space. This process checks for atmospheric changes. It is performed in a periodic or continuous manner after the completion of the initial testing or evaluation of that space.

(40)Nonentry rescue. Retrieval of an entrant from a permit-required space without entering the permit space.

(41)Nonpermit confined space. You will find the requirements for a nonpermit confined space in WAC 296-809-600.

(42)Oxygen deficient atmosphere. An atmosphere containing less than 19.5 percent oxygen by volume.

(43)Oxygen enriched atmosphere. An atmosphere containing more than 23.5 percent oxygen by volume.

(44)Permit-required confined space or permit space. A confined space that has one or more of the following characteristics capable of causing death or serious physical harm:

(a) Contains or has a potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere;

(b) Contains a material with the potential for engulfing someone who enters;

(c) Has an internal configuration that could allow someone entering to be trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly converging walls or by a floor, which slopes downward and tapers to a smaller cross section;

(d) Contains any physical hazard. This includes any recognized health or safety hazards including engulfment in solid or liquid material, electrical shock, or moving parts;

(e) Contains any other recognized serious safety or health hazard that could either:

(i) Impair the ability to self-rescue; or

(ii) Result in a situation that presents an immediate danger to life or health.

(45)Permit-required confined space program (also known as a confined space program). An overall program for:

(a) Controlling and appropriately protecting employees from permit-required confined space hazards; and

(b) Regulating employee entry into permit-required confined spaces.

(46)Physical hazard. An existing or potential hazard that can cause death or serious physical damage. Examples include, but are not limited to: Explosives (as defined by WAC 296-52-60130); mechanical, electrical, hydraulic and pneumatic energy; radiation; temperature extremes; engulfment; noise; and inwardly converging surfaces. Physical hazards also include chemicals that can cause death or serious physical damage through skin or eye contact (rather than through inhalation).

(47)Potential hazards. All reasonable anticipated conditions within a space and outside the space that can adversely affect the conditions within the space.

(48)Program administrator. The person who has overall responsibility for your program and has sufficient training or experience with permit-required confined space entry to oversee program development, coordinate implementation, and conduct required evaluations of program effectiveness outlined in WAC 296-809-50006.

(49)Prohibited condition. Any condition in a permit-required confined space not allowed by the permit during the authorized entry period. For example: A hazardous atmosphere is a prohibited condition unless the employer can demonstrate that personal protective equipment (PPE) will provide effective protection for each employee in the permit space and provides the appropriate PPE to each employee.

(50)Qualified person. A person who has successfully demonstrated the ability to solve problems relating to the subject matter, work, or project, either by:

((•))(a) Possession of recognized degree, certificate, or professional standing; or

((•))(b) Extensive knowledge, training and experience.

(51)Representative permit space. A mock-up of a confined space that has entrance openings that are similar to, and is of similar size, configuration, and accessibility to, the permit space that authorized entrants enter.

(52)Rescue. Retrieving and providing medical assistance to one or more employees in a permit space.

(53)Rescue service. The personnel designated to rescue employees from permit-required confined spaces.

(54)Retrieval system. The equipment used for nonentry rescue of persons from permit-required confined spaces including; a retrieval line, chest or full-body harness, wristlets or anklets if appropriate, and a lifting device or anchor.

(55)Serious physical damage. An impairment or illness in which a body part is made functionally useless or is substantially reduced in efficiency. Such impairment or illness may be permanent or temporary and includes, but is not limited to, loss of consciousness, disorientation, or other immediate and substantial reduction in mental efficiency. Injuries involving such impairment would usually require treatment by a physician or other licensed health care professional.

(a) Placement of a tagout device on a circuit or equipment that has been deenergized, in accordance with an established procedure, to indicate that the circuit or equipment being controlled may not be operated until the tagout device is removed; and

(b) The employer ensures that:

(i) Tagout provides equivalent protection to lockout; or

(ii) Lockout is infeasible and the employer has relieved, disconnected, restrained and otherwise rendered safe stored (residual) energy.

(57)Testing (see also monitoring). The process of identifying and evaluating the hazards that entrants may be exposed to in a permit-required confined space. Testing includes specifying the initial atmospheric tests that are to be performed in the permit-required confined space.

(58)Ventilate or ventilation. The process of controlling a hazardous atmosphere using continuous forced-air mechanical systems. Ventilation is a method of hazard control, not hazard elimination.

This chapter applies to all confined spaces and provides requirements to protect employees from the hazards of entering and working in confined spaces. This chapter applies in any of the following circumstances:

(1) You have confined spaces in your workplace.

(2) Your employees will enter another employer's confined spaces.

(3) A contractor will enter your confined spaces.

(4) You provide confined space rescue services.

You can use Table 1 to help you decide which requirements to follow for confined spaces.

You must identify all permit-required confined spaces in your workplace. Use a person with the knowledge, skills, and abilities, capable of identifying actual and potential hazards related to permit-required confined spaces and with the authority to take prompt corrective action, such as an entry supervisor or competent person.

• Large enough and arranged so an employee could fully enter the space and work.

• Has limited or restricted entry or exit. Examples of spaces with limited or restricted entry are tanks, vessels, silos, storage bins, hoppers, vaults, excavations, and pits.

• Not primarily designed for continuous human occupancy.

• Contains or has a potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere.

• Contains a material with the potential for engulfing someone who enters.

• Has an internal configuration that could allow someone entering to be trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly converging walls or by a floor, which slopes downward and tapers to a smaller cross section.

• Contains any physical hazard. This includes any recognized health or safety hazards including engulfment in solid or liquid material, electrical shock, or moving parts.

• Contains any other recognized serious safety or health hazard that could either:

Identify and evaluate the hazards of permit-required confined spaces and the work performed, to assist you in developing your entry program and entry procedures.

(1) You must develop a written program, before employees enter confined spaces, that describes the means, procedures, and practices you use for the safe entry of permit-required confined spaces as required by this chapter. Include the following:

(a) Documentation of permit entry procedures.1

(b) Designation of employees that have active roles, including; attendants, competent persons, entrants, entry supervisors, rescuers, program administrator, or those who test or monitor the atmosphere in a permit-required space.

(c) Identification of each designated employee's duties.

(d) Training employees on their designated roles.

(e) How to identify and evaluate hazards.

(f) Use and maintenance of equipment.

(g) How to prevent unauthorized entry.

(h) How to coordinate entry with another employer.

(i) How to rescue entrants.

(j) If you intend to enter using alternative methods for entry, the procedures must address all measures used before entry to isolate and eliminate hazards from the space and control potential atmospheric hazards.

(i) Identify the entry supervisor who authorizes the use of the alternative methods and has the responsibility for ensuring safe entry conditions.

(ii) The hazards of the space.

(iii) The methods used to eliminate hazards including verification.

(iv) The methods used to ensure that the hazards are eliminated.

(v) The methods used to test and monitor the atmosphere within the space, where applicable, for all atmospheric hazards.

(vi) The methods used to determine if unsafe conditions arise before or during entry.

(vii) The criteria and conditions for evacuating the space during entry (like monitoring and test data).

(viii) Methods for training employees in these procedures.

(ix) The methods used to ensure employees follow these procedures.

(x) Documentation required. For examples of documentation, see Appendix J Alternative Method Documentation by visiting "Find Safety Rules" on the labor and industries website ((at http://www.lni.wa.gov/safety/rules/chapter/809/)).

(2) You must consult with affected employees and their authorized representatives when developing and implementing all aspects of your program.

(3) You must make the written program available to employees and their authorized representatives.

(4) You must update your written program as necessary when you have identified deficiencies. Revise your program and entry procedures before allowing subsequent entries.

(5) You must designate a confined space program administrator who has overall responsibility for your program and has sufficient training or experience with permit-required confined space entry to oversee program development, coordinate implementation, and conduct required evaluations of program effectiveness outlined in WAC 296-809-50006.

(1) You must make sure you have adequate rescue and emergency services available during your permit-required confined space entry operations.1

(a) Evaluate and select rescue teams or services who can:

(i) Respond to a rescue call in a timely manner.2 Timeliness is based on the identified hazards. Rescuers must have the capability to reach potential victims within an appropriate time frame based on the identified permit space hazards.

(ii) Proficiently rescue employees from a permit-required confined space in your workplace. Rescuers must have the appropriate equipment for the type of rescue.

(iii) Agree to notify you immediately in the event that the rescue service becomes unavailable.

(b) Make sure that at least one member of the rescue team or service holds a current certification in first aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).

(c) Inform each rescue team or service about the hazards they may confront when called to perform rescue.

(d) Provide the rescue team or service with access to all permit spaces from which rescue may be necessary. This will allow them to develop appropriate rescue plans and to practice rescue operations.

(2) You must provide employees assigned to provide permit-required confined space rescue and emergency services, at no cost to the employee, with:

(a) Personal protective equipment (PPE) needed for safe entry.

(b) Other equipment required to conduct rescues safely.

(c) Training so they are:

(i) Proficient in the use of the PPE and other equipment.

(ii) Proficient as an entrant of permit-required confined spaces.

(iii) Able to safely perform assigned rescue and emergency duties.

(iv) Knowledgeable in basic first aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).

(d) Practice sessions for permit-required confined space rescues at least once every ((twelve))12 months where dummies, manikins, or actual persons are removed from either:

(i) The actual permit spaces; or

(ii) Representative permit spaces that simulate the opening size, configuration, and accessibility, of permit spaces where rescue will be performed.

(3) You must establish procedures for:

(a) Contacting rescue and emergency services.

(b) Rescuing entrants from permit-required confined spaces.

(c) Providing necessary emergency services to rescued entrants.

(d) Preventing unauthorized persons from attempting a rescue.

(1) You may enter permit-required confined spaces without a permit using alternative methods when you have monitoring and inspection data that supports the following:

(a) You have eliminated all the hazards1; or

(b) You have eliminated all of the physical hazards1,2, and continuous forced air ventilation controls the actual or potential hazardous atmosphere. You must also have monitoring data that demonstrates the use of continuous forced air ventilation will maintain the permit-required confined space for safe entry. In the event the ventilation system stops working, entrants can exit the space safely.

(2) You must have written documentation for the entrants before each entry that includes the following information:

(a) The location of the space;

(b) Date of the entry;

(c) Duration of the entry;

(d) The hazards of the space and the work;

(e) The specific measures used to eliminate the hazards1;

(f) The ventilation system used to control atmospheric hazards, when applicable, direct reading instruments used to test the atmosphere, and results of the atmospheric testing that demonstrate the absence of a hazardous atmosphere;1,2

(g) All conditions that required evacuation of the space3; and

(h) The name, title, and signature of the entry supervisor ensuring safe entry procedures.

(3) You must make sure all documentation produced is available to each affected employee and their authorized representative.

(4) You must make sure all monitoring and inspection data is documented and available to each affected employee and their authorized representative.

(5) If you must enter prior to the completion of the hazard elimination, you must perform the entry according to WAC 296-809-500 Permit entry procedures. For example - To collect monitoring inspection data or to apply hazard elimination measures.

This chapter applies to the laboratory use of hazardous chemicals. To determine if this chapter applies to your workplace, use Table 1.

1. When your laboratory operation is covered by this chapter, and you use any of the substances in Table 2, the following applies with the exception of formaldehyde use in histology, pathology, and anatomy laboratories. In histology, pathology, and anatomy laboratories you must follow the requirements in chapter 296-856 WAC, Formaldehyde. This chapter applies to all other formaldehyde laboratory uses as defined in Table 1:

a. The exposure limits and any requirement protecting employees from skin and eye contact in the rules listed in Table 2 will still apply.

b. Where the action level (or where no action level exists, the permissible exposure limit) is exceeded for a substance listed in Table 2, the exposure evaluation and medical surveillance requirements in the substance rule will still apply.

c. You are not required to meet other requirements of the substance rule.

2. To get the permissible exposure limits (PELs) for hazardous chemicals used in your laboratory, see chapter 296-841 WAC, Airborne contaminants.

• This section applies when there is a potential for an employee to be exposed to airborne formaldehyde in your workplace.

• When you conduct an exposure evaluation in a workplace where an employee uses a respirator, the protection provided by the respirator is not considered.

• Following this section will fulfill the requirements to identify and evaluate respiratory hazards found in a separate chapter, ((Respiratory hazards))Airborne contaminants, chapter 296-841 WAC.

(1) You must conduct an employee exposure evaluation to accurately determine airborne concentrations of formaldehyde by completing Steps 1 through 7 of the exposure evaluation process, each time any of the following apply:

(a) No evaluation has been conducted.

(b) Changes have occurred in any of the following areas that may result in new or increased employee exposures:

(i) Production.

(ii) Processes.

(iii) Exposure controls, such as ventilation systems or work practices.

(iv) Personnel.

(v) Equipment.

(c) You have any reason to suspect new or increased employee exposure may occur.

(d) You receive a report of employee developing signs and symptoms associated with formaldehyde exposure.

(2) You must provide affected employees or their designated representatives an opportunity to observe exposure monitoring required by this chapter.

(3) You must make sure observers entering areas with formaldehyde exposure:

(a) Are provided with and use the same protective clothing, respirators, and other personal protective equipment (PPE) that employees working in the area are required to use;

(b) Follow any safety and health requirements that apply.

To make sure all scaffolds meet these requirements.

(1) You must fully plank or deck each platform between the front uprights and the guardrail supports on all working levels of a scaffold so that there is no more than one inch (2.5 cm):

(a) Between adjacent units; and

(b) Between the platform and the uprights.

(2) You must make sure wood platforms are not covered with an opaque finish.

(1) You must make sure ramps and walkways are not inclined at a slope steeper than one vertical in three horizontal (1:3 or ((twenty))20 degrees from the horizontal).

(2) You must make sure ramps and walkways that are inclined at a slope steeper than one vertical in eight horizontal (1:8) have cleats to provide footing which are:

(a) Securely fastened to the planks; and

(b) Spaced not more than ((fourteen))14 inches (35 cm) apart.

(1) You must make sure catenary scaffolds have:

(a) No more than one platform between consecutive vertical pickups; and

(b) No more than two platforms per scaffold.

(2) You must make sure any platform that's supported by wire ropes has hook-shaped stops placed at each end of the platform that will prevent it from falling if one of the horizontal wire ropes breaks.

(3) You must make sure wire ropes are:

(a) Continuous and without splices between anchors; and

(b) Not tightened to the point that putting a load on the scaffold will overstress them.

(1) You must support the platform with at least two bearers.

(2) You must make sure each bearer:

(a) Projects at least six inches (15.2 cm) beyond the platform on both sides; and

(b) Is securely fastened to the platform.

(3) You must make sure rope connections won't allow the platform to shift or slip.

(4) You must make sure scaffolds that only have two ropes used with each float meet all of the following:

(a) There are four rope ends that are securely fastened to overhead supports;

(b) Each supporting rope is hitched around one end of the bearer, passed under the platform to the other end of the bearer, and hitched again;

(c) There is enough rope at each end for the supporting ties.

(1) You must install scaffold support beams on edge.

(2) You must use ropes or hangers for scaffold supports. One end of a needle beam scaffold may be supported by a permanent structural member.

(3) You must securely attach ropes to the needle beams.

(4) You must arrange the support connection to prevent the needle beam from rolling or becoming displaced.

(5) You must securely attach platform units to the needle beams with bolts or equivalent means.

(1) You must make sure two scaffolds that have been combined to form a two-point adjustable suspension scaffold meet the requirements of the section. Make sure two-point adjustable suspension scaffolds (swing stages) meet these requirements, WAC 296-874-30046.

(2) You must make sure scaffolds, where the suspension rope between the scaffold and the suspension device is not vertical, meet all of the following:

(a) The rigging has been designed by a qualified person;

(b) The scaffold is accessible to rescuers;

(c) The suspension rope is protected from chafing at any point where it changes direction;

(d) The scaffold is positioned so that swinging cannot bring the scaffold into contact with another surface.

(3) You must make sure boatswain's chair tackle meets all of the following:

(a) It consists of correct size ball bearing blocks or bushed blocks.

(b) The blocks contain safety hooks.

(c) The rope is properly eye spliced.

(d) The rope is either:

(i) First-grade manila rope that has a diameter of at least five-eighths inch (1.6 cm); or

(ii) Other rope that has equivalent characteristics, such as strength and durability.

(4) You must make sure boatswain's chair seat slings meet all of the following:

(a) Are reeved through four corner holes in the seat.

(b) Cross each other on the underside of the seat.

(c) Are rigged to prevent slipping which could cause the seat to become out-of-level.

(d) Are made from fiber, synthetic, or other rope which have:

(i) A diameter of at least five-eighths inch (1.6 cm); and

(ii) Characteristics equivalent to first grade manila rope, such as strength, slip resistance, and durability.

(5) You must make sure the seat sling of boatswain's chairs used when a heat-producing process, such as gas or arc welding, is being conducted is at least three-eighths inch (1.0 cm) wire rope.

(6) You must securely fasten cleats to the underside of noncross-laminated wood boatswain's chairs to prevent the board from splitting.

This section does not apply to two-point adjustable suspension scaffolds used as masons' or stonesetters' scaffolds.

(1) You must make sure platforms more than ((thirty-six))36 inches (0.9 m) wide have been designed by a qualified person to prevent unstable conditions.

(2) You must make sure platforms are one of the following:

(a) Ladder-type;

(b) Plank-type;

(c) Beam-type;

(d) Light-metal type.

(3) You must make sure the design of light-metal type platforms have been tested and listed by a nationally recognized testing laboratory if they:

(a) Have a rated capacity of ((seven hundred fifty))750 pounds or less; or

(b) Have a length of ((forty))40 feet (12.2 m) or less.

(4) You must securely fasten the platform to the hangers (stirrups) using U-bolts or other means that satisfy the section titled, Make sure suspended scaffolds and scaffold components meet these strength requirements, WAC 296-874-30002.

(5) You must make sure fiber or synthetic ropes are used with blocks that:

(a) Consist of at least one double and one single block and;

(b) Have sheaves that fit the size of the rope used.

(6) You must make sure employees move from one platform to another only when all of the following are met:

(a) The platforms are at the same height;

(b) The platforms are abutting;

(c) Walk-through stirrups are used that have been specifically designed to allow employee passage.

(7) You must make sure two-point scaffolds that are bridged or otherwise connected together when being raised or lowered meet both of the following:

(a) The bridge connections are articulated;

(b) The hoists are properly sized.

(1) You must make sure integral prefabricated scaffold access frames meet all of the following:

(a) Have been specifically designed and constructed to be used as ladder rungs;

(b) Have a rung length of at least eight inches (20 cm);

(c) Have a maximum spacing between rungs of sixteen and three quarters inches (43 cm);

(d) Are uniformly spaced within each frame section;

(e) Have rest platforms at least every ((twenty))20 feet (6.1 m) on all supported scaffolds more than ((twenty-four))24 feet (7.3 m) high.

(2) You must make sure, when panels with rungs that are less than eleven and one-half inches long are used as work platforms, that employees use either:

(a) A positioning device; or

(b) A personal fall arrest system.

(1) You must make sure the platform height is not higher than ((twenty))20 feet (6.1 m).

(2) You must make sure ladder jacks are designed and constructed so they rest:

(a) On the side rails and ladder rungs together; or

(b) Only on the rungs.

(3) You must make sure ladder jacks that rest on rungs only have a bearing area that includes a length of at least ((ten))10 inches (25.4 cm) on each rung.

(4) You must make sure ladders used to support ladder jacks are:

(a) Type I (((two hundred fifty))250 pound rated capacity) or Type IA (300 pound rated capacity); and

(b) Are placed, fastened, or equipped with devices to prevent slipping.

(5) You must make sure job-made ladders are not used to support ladder jack scaffolds.

(6) You must make sure scaffold platforms are not bridged together.

(1) You must make sure brackets are all of the following:

(a) Secured in place by at least one wire rope that's at least one-half inch (1.27 cm) in diameter;

(b) Attached to the securing wire rope by a positive locking device, or equivalent, that will prevent the bracket from being unintentionally detached from the rope;

(c) Provided with a shoe, heel block, foot, or a combination that:

(i) Is located at the contact point between the supporting structure and the bottom of the bracket; and

(ii) Will prevent lateral movement of the bracket.

(2) You must secure the platforms to the brackets in a way that prevents:

(a) The platforms from separating from the brackets; and

(b) The platforms or brackets from moving on a completed scaffold.

(3) You must make sure wire rope placed around the structure to provide a safe anchorage for personal fall arrest systems used by employees erecting or dismantling scaffolds:

(a) Is at least five-sixteenths inch (0.8 cm) in diameter;

(b) Provides an anchorage that meets the requirements of WAC ((296-874-20058))296-880-40020;

(c) For construction activities, go to ((Part C-1, in the safety standards for construction work, chapter 296-155 WAC))chapter 296-880 WAC, Unified safety standards for fall protection.

(4) You must make sure each wire rope used for securing brackets in place or as an anchorage for personal fall arrest systems is all of the following:

(a) Protected from damage due to contact with edges, corners, protrusions, or other parts of the supporting structure or scaffold components;

(b) Tensioned by a turnbuckle or equivalent means. Turnbuckles must be:

(i) At least one inch (2.54 cm) in diameter; and

(ii) Connected to the other end of its rope by an eye splice thimble that's sized appropriate to the turnbuckle.

(c) Not used with U-bolt wire rope clips.

(5) You must make sure materials are not dropped to the outside of the supporting structure.

(6) You must erect the scaffold by progressing around the structure in only one direction.

(1) You must make sure ladders used to support step, platform, and trestle ladder scaffolds are:

(a) Type I (250 pound rated capacity) or Type IA (300 pound rated capacity); and

(b) Placed, fastened, or equipped with devices to prevent slipping.

(2) You must make sure job-made ladders are not used to support step, platform, and trestle ladder scaffolds.

(3) You must make sure scaffold platforms are not placed higher than the second highest rung or step of the ladder supporting the platform.

(4) You must make sure scaffold platforms are not bridged together.