STATE BUILDING CODE ADOPTION AND AMENDMENT OF THE ((2021))2024 EDITION OF THE INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE

The ((2021))2024 edition of the International Fire Code, published by the International Code Council is hereby adopted by reference with the following additions, deletions, and exceptions.

The International Fire Code adopted by chapter 51-54A WAC shall become effective in all counties and cities of this state on ((March 15, 2024))May 3, 2027.

104.2.3 Alternative materials, design and methods of construction, and equipment. The provisions of this code are not intended to prevent the installation of any material or to prohibit any design or method of construction not specifically prescribed by this code, provided that any such alternative has been approved.

104.2.4.2 Natural disasters. In preparation for, during and after a natural disaster event, as determined by the fire code official, the fire code official shall have the authority to issue written policies or procedures that modify this code as necessary to protect life and property. Such policies or procedures shall be made available to the public and shall include start and end dates. The duration of the issued policy or procedure shall not exceed 180 days, which can be extended at the fire code official's discretion.

((105.5.14.1 Lithium batteries. An operational permit is required for an accumulation of more than 15 cubic feet (0.42 m) of lithium-ion and lithium metal batteries, where required by Section 322.1.

105.5.32))105.5.34 Mobile food preparation vehicles.((A))An operational permit is required for mobile preparation vehicles equipped with appliances that produce smoke or grease-laden vapors or utilize LP-gas systems or CNG systems.

105.6.25 Underground supply piping for automatic sprinkler system. A construction permit is required for the installation of the portion of the underground water supply piping, public or private, supplying a water-based fire protection system. The permit shall apply to all underground piping and appurtenances downstream of the first control valve on the lateral piping or service line from the distribution main to 1 foot above finished floor of the facility with the fire protection system. Maintenance performed in accordance with this code is not considered to be a modification and does not require a permit.

ADULT FAMILY HOME. A dwelling, licensed by the state of Washington department of social and health services, in which a person or persons provide personal care, special care, room and board to more than one but not more than six adults who are not related by blood or marriage to the person or persons providing the services. An existing adult family home may provide services to up to eight adults upon approval from the department of social and health services under RCW 70.128.066 and in accordance with Section 903.

ALERT SIGNAL. A distinctive signal indicating the need for trained personnel and occupants to initiate a specific action, such as shelter-in-place.

ALERT SYSTEM. Approved devices, equipment and systems or combinations of systems used to transmit or broadcast an alert signal.

ASSISTED LIVING FACILITY. A home or other institution, licensed by the state of Washington, providing housing, basic services and assuming general responsibility for the safety and well-being of residents under chapters 18.20 RCW and 388-78A WAC. These facilities may provide care to residents with symptoms consistent with dementia requiring additional security measures.

CHILD CARE. For the purposes of these regulations, child care is the care of children during any period of a 24-hour day.

CHILD CARE, FAMILY HOME. A child care facility, licensed by Washington state, located in the dwelling of the person or persons under whose direct care and supervision the child is placed, for the care of 16 or fewer children, including children who reside at the home.

CLUSTER. Clusters are multiple portable school classrooms separated by less than the requirements of the building code for separate buildings.

COVERED BOAT MOORAGE. A pier or system of floating or fixed access ways to which vessels on water may be secured and any portion of which are covered by a roof.

CUSTODIAL CARE. Assistance with day-to-day living tasks; such as assistance with cooking, taking medication, bathing, using toilet facilities, and other tasks of daily living. Custodial care includes persons receiving care who have the ability to respond to emergency situations and may receive limited verbal or physical assistance. These care recipients may evacuate at a slower rate and/or who have mental and psychiatric complications.

ELECTRICAL CODE. The National Electrical Code, promulgated by the National Fire Protection Association, as adopted by rule or local ordinance under the authority of chapter 19.28 RCW.

((EMERGENCY RESPONDER COMMUNICATIONS ENHANCEMENT SYSTEM (ERCES). An infrastructure solution installed within a building to enhance the communications capabilities for first responders that utilizes solutions such as a signal booster, voting receiver, base station, or other technology capable of enhancing the radio frequency (RF) to ensure effective public safety communications.

FREQUENCY LICENSING AUTHORITY. The government authority in a country or territory that issues frequency licenses for the use of communications frequencies by authorized entities and individuals.))

GRAVITY-OPERATED DROP OUT VENTS. Automatic smoke and heat vents containing heat-sensitive glazing designed to shrink and drop out of the vent openings when exposed to fire.

HOSPICE CARE CENTER. A building or portion thereof used on a 24-hour basis for the provision of hospice services to terminally ill inpatients.

LIMITED VERBAL OR PHYSICAL ASSISTANCE. Persons who, because of age, physical limitations, cognitive limitations, treatment or chemical dependency, and may not independently recognize, respond, or evacuate without limited verbal or physical assistance during an emergency situation. Verbal assistance includes prompting, giving, and repeating instructions. Physical assistance includes assistance with transfers to walking aids or mobility devices and assistance with egress.

MOBILE FOOD PREPARATION VEHICLE. Mobile food preparation vehicles that are equipped with appliances that produce smoke or grease-laden vapors or utilize LP-gas systems or CNG systems for the purpose of preparing and serving food to the public. Vehicles intended for private recreation shall not be considered mobile food preparation vehicles.

MOTOR VEHICLE. Includes, but not limited to, a vehicle, machine, tractor, trailer or semitrailer, or any combination thereof, propelled or drawn by mechanical power and designed for use upon the highways in the transportation of passengers or property. It does not include a vehicle, locomotive or car operated exclusively on a rail or rails, or a trolley bus operated by electric power derived from a fixed overhead wire, furnishing local passenger transportation similar to street-railway service. The term "motor vehicle" also includes freight containers or cargo tanks used, or intended for use, in connection with motor vehicles.

NIGHTCLUB. An A-2 Occupancy use in which the aggregate area of concentrated use of unfixed chairs and standing space that is specifically designated and primarily used for dancing or viewing performers exceeds 350 square feet (32.5 m2), excluding adjacent lobby areas. "Nightclub" does not include theaters with fixed seating, banquet halls, or lodge halls.

OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION. For the purposes of this code, certain occupancies are defined as follows:

Institutional Group I-1. Institutional Group I-1 occupancy shall include buildings, structures or portions thereof for more than 16 persons excluding staff, who reside on a 24-hour basis in a supervised environment and receive custodial care. Buildings of Group I-1 shall be classified as one of the occupancy conditions indicated below. This group shall include, but not be limited to, the following: Assisted living facilities licensed under chapter 388-78A WAC and residential treatment facilities licensed under chapter 246-337 WAC shall be classified as Group I-1, Condition 2.

No change to the rest of the occupancy conditions.

Group I-2. This occupancy shall include buildings and structures used for medical care on a 24-hour basis for more than five persons who are incapable of self-preservation. This group shall include, but not be limited to, the following:

Foster care facilities

Detoxification facilities

Hospice care centers

Hospitals

Nursing homes

Psychiatric hospitals

Five or fewer persons receiving care. A facility such as the above with five or fewer persons receiving such care shall be classified as Group R-3 or shall comply with the International Residential Code provided that an automatic sprinkler system is installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.3 or with Section P2904 of the International Residential Code.

Family home child care. Family home child care licensed by Washington state for the care of 16 or fewer children shall be classified as Group R-3 or shall comply with the International Residential Code.

Adult care facility. A facility that provides accommodations for less than 24 hours for more than 5 unrelated adults and provides supervision and personal care services shall be classified as Group I-4.

Child care facility. Child care facilities that provide supervision and personal care on a less than 24-hour basis for more than 5 children 2 1/2 years of age or less shall be classified as Group I-4.

Residential Group R. Residential Group R includes, among others, the use of a building or structure, or a portion thereof, for sleeping purposes when not classified as an Institutional Group I or when not regulated by the International Residential Code. This group shall include:

R-1 Residential occupancies containing sleeping units where the occupants are primarily transient in nature, including:

Boarding houses (transient) with more than 10 occupants

Congregate living facilities (transient) with more than 10 occupants

Hotels (transient)

Motels (transient)

R-2 Residential occupancies containing sleeping units or more than two dwelling units where the occupants are primarily permanent in nature, including:

Apartment houses

Congregate living facilities (nontransient) with more than 16 occupants

Boarding houses (nontransient) with more than 16 occupants

Convents

Dormitories

Fraternities and sororities

Monasteries

Hotels (nontransient)

Live/work units

Motels (nontransient)

Vacation timeshare properties

R-3 Residential occupancies where the occupants are primarily permanent in nature and not classified as Group R-1, R-2, R-4, or I, including:

Buildings that do not contain more than two dwelling units.

Care facilities that provide accommodations for five or fewer persons receiving care.

Congregate living facilities (nontransient) with 16 or fewer occupants.

Boarding houses (nontransient) with 16 or fewer occupants

Convents

Dormitories

Fraternities and sororities

Monasteries

Congregate living facilities (transient) with 10 or fewer occupants.

Boarding houses (transient) with 10 or fewer occupants

Lodging houses (transient) with five or fewer guestrooms and 10 or fewer occupants

Care facilities within a dwelling. Care facilities for five or fewer persons receiving care that are within a single-family dwelling are permitted to comply with the International Residential Code provided an automatic sprinkler system is installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.3 or with Section P2904 of the International Residential Code.

Adult family homes, family home child care. Adult family homes and family home child care facilities that are within a single-family home are permitted to comply with the International Residential Code.

Foster family care homes. Foster family care homes licensed by Washington state are permitted to comply with the International Residential Code, as an accessory use to a dwelling, for six or fewer children including those of the resident family.

PORTABLE SCHOOL CLASSROOM. A prefabricated structure consisting of one or more rooms with direct exterior egress from the classroom(s). The structure is transportable in one or more sections, and is designed to be used as an educational space with or without a permanent foundation. The structure shall be capable of being demounted and relocated to other locations as needs arise.

((POWERED MICROMOBILITY DEVICES. Motorized bicycles, motorized scooters, and other personal mobility devices powered by a rechargeable battery. The term does not include motor vehicles that are required to be registered with the department of motor vehicles for the state or jurisdiction.))PUBLIC SAFETY COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM. A system that provides communications coverage for use by emergency responders within the jurisdictional area.

RECALL SIGNAL. An electrically or mechanically operated signal used to recall occupants after an emergency drill or to terminate a shelter-in-place event that shall be distinct from any alarm or alert signal used to initiate an emergency plan, or other signals.

SHELTER-IN-PLACE. An emergency response used to minimize exposure of facility occupants to chemical or environmental hazards by taking refuge in predetermined interior rooms or areas where actions are taken to isolate the interior environment from the exterior hazard.

SPECIAL HAZARDS SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS. Wet-chemical systems (NFPA 17A), Dry-chemical systems (NFPA 17), Foam systems (NFPA 11), Carbon dioxide systems (NFPA 12), Halon systems (NFPA 12A), Clean-agent systems (NFPA 2001), Automatic water mist systems (NFPA 750), Aerosol fire-extinguishing systems (NFPA 2010), and Explosion prevention systems (NFPA 69).

((301.2 Permits. Permits shall be required as set forth in Section 105.5 for the activities or uses regulated by Sections 306, 307, 308, 315, 320, and 322.))

307.2.1 Authorization. Where required by state or local law or regulations, open burning shall only be permitted with prior approval from the state or local air and water quality management authority, provided that all conditions specified in the authorization are followed. See also chapter 173-425 WAC.

307.4.2 Recreational fires. Recreational fires shall not be conducted within 25 feet (7620 mm) of a structure or combustible material. Conditions ((which))that could cause a fire to spread within 25 feet (7620 mm) of a structure shall be eliminated prior to ignition. See also chapter 173-425 WAC.

((314.4 Vehicles. Liquid- or gas-fueled vehicles, boats, aircraft or other motorcraft shall not be located indoors except as follows:

4. Vehicles, aircraft, boats or other motorcraft equipment are not fueled or defueled within the building.))

((319.1 General. Mobile food preparation vehicles that are equipped with appliances that produce smoke or grease-laden vapors or utilize LP-gas systems or CNG systems shall comply with this section.))

320.2 Permits. Permits shall be required for an accumulation of more than 15 cubic feet (0.42 m3) of lithium-ion and lithium metal batteries, other than batteries listed in the exceptions to Section 320.1, as set forth in Section 105.5.29.

320.4.1 Limited indoor storage in containers. A maximum volume of 15 cubic feet (0.42 m3) of lithium-ion or lithium metal batteries per fire area shall be permitted where stored in accordance with any of the methods provided in Sections 320.4.1.1 through 320.4.1.3.

320.4.1.1 Used or unwanted battery collection. Areas where used or unwanted lithium-ion or lithium metal batteries are collected from the public or employees shall comply with all of the following:

1. Containers shall be open-top and constructed of noncombustible materials or shall be approved for battery collection.

2. Individual containers and groups of containers shall not exceed a capacity of 7.5 cubic feet (0.21 m3).

3. A second container or group of containers shall be separated by not less than 3 feet (914 mm) of open space, or 10 feet (3048 mm) of space that contains combustible materials.

4. Containers shall be located not less than 5 feet (1524 mm) from exits or exit access doors.

320.4.1.2 Waste storage. Waste batteries that are packaged in accordance with DOTn shipping requirements.

320.4.1.3 Miscellaneous storage. Limited storage of lithium-ion or lithium metal batteries, other than collection of used or unwanted batteries, or waste storage, shall comply with any of the following:

1. Stored in containers complying with Section 320.4.1.1.

2. Stored in original wholesale packaging or containers complying with DOTn regulations.

3. Approved battery storage cabinets.

4. Other approved storage methods.

320.4.2.1 Technical opinion and report. Where required by the fire code official a technical opinion and report complying with Section 104.2.2 shall be prepared to evaluate the fire and explosion risks associated with the indoor storage area and to make recommendations for fire and explosion protection. The report shall be submitted to the fire code official and shall require the fire code official's approval prior to issuance of a permit. In addition to the requirements of Section 104.2.2, the technical opinion and report shall specifically evaluate the following:

1. The potential for deflagration of flammable gases released during a thermal runaway event.

2. The basis of design for an automatic sprinkler system or other approved fire suppression system. Such design basis shall reference relevant full-scale fire testing or another approved method of demonstrating sufficiency of the recommended design.

320.4.3.1 Technical opinion and report. When required by the fire code official, a technical opinion and report complying with Section 104.8.2 shall be prepared to evaluate the fire and explosion risks associated with outdoor storage of lithium-ion and lithium metal batteries and to make recommendations for fire and explosion protection. The report shall be submitted to the fire code official and shall require the fire code official's approval. In addition to the requirements of Section 104.2.2, the technical opinion and report shall evaluate all of the following:

1. Compliance with this section.

2. Firefighting access and water supply for emergencies involving outdoor battery storage.

3. Outdoor battery fire and explosion hazards.

4. Hazards involving flying debris during fire incidents igniting adjacent storage areas, buildings, or other exposure hazards.

5. Handling, storage and monitoring of damaged batteries and post-fire monitoring.

320.4.3.2 Distance from storage to exposures. Outdoor storage of lithium-ion or lithium metal batteries shall comply with one of the following:

1. Battery storage shall be located not less than 20 feet (6096 mm) from any building, lot line, public street, public alley, public way or means of egress.

2. Battery storage shall be located not less than 3 feet (914 mm) from any building, lot line, public street, public alley, public way or means of egress, where the battery storage is separated by a 2-hour fire-resistance-rated assembly without openings or penetrations and extending 5 feet (1524 mm) above and to the sides of the battery storage area.

3. Battery storage shall be located not less than 3 feet (914 mm) from any building, lot line, public street, public alley, public way or means of egress, where batteries are contained in approved, prefabricated portable structures providing a complete 2-hour fire-resistance-rated enclosure.

4. A maximum of 15 cubic feet of lithium-ion or lithium metal batteries or cells packaged in accordance with DOTn shipping requirements where not less than 3 feet (914 mm) from any building with noncombustible exterior walls, lot line, public street, public alley, public way or means of egress.

320.4.3.3 Storage area size limits and separation. Outdoor storage areas for lithium-ion or lithium metal batteries, shall not exceed 900 square feet (83.6 m2). The height of battery storage in such areas shall not exceed 10 feet (3048 mm). Multiple battery storage areas shall be separated from each other by not less than 20 feet (6096 mm) of open space.

320.4.3.4 Fire detection. Outdoor storage areas for lithium-ion or lithium metal batteries exceeding 900 square feet (371 m2), regardless of whether such areas are open, under weather protection or in a prefabricated portable structure, shall be provided with an approved automatic fire detection and alarm system complying with Section 907. The fire detection system shall use radiant energy-sensing fire detection.

320.4.3.5 Containers. Containers for outdoor storage of used or waste batteries shall be open-top and constructed of noncombustible materials; containers complying with DOTn regulations for lithium-ion and lithium metal transportation or shall be approved for battery collection and storage.

320.4.3.6 Weather protection. Where weather protection is provided for sheltering outdoor lithium-ion or lithium metal battery storage or use areas, such areas shall be considered outdoor storage or use where the weather protection structure complies with all of the following:

1. Walls shall not obstruct more than one side or more than 25 percent of the perimeter of the storage area.

2. The overhead structure shall be of approved noncombustible construction with a maximum area of 3,600 square feet (334.5 m2).

3. The distance from the structure to buildings, lot lines, public ways or means of egress to a public way shall be not less than the distance required for an outside storage in Section 320.4.3.2.

4. Weather protection structures used for sheltering lithium-ion or lithium metal battery storage shall be separated from lithium-ion or lithium metal battery piles or additional weather protection structures used to shelter lithium-ion or lithium metal battery storage by no less than 20 feet (4572 mm).

5. The height of battery storage in such areas shall not exceed 10 feet (3048 mm).

((322.1 General. The storage of lithium-ion and lithium metal batteries shall comply with Section 322.

322.4.3.3 Fire detection. Outdoor storage areas for lithium-ion or lithium metal batteries, regardless of whether such areas are open, under weather protection or in a prefabricated portable structure, shall be provided with an approved automatic fire detection and alarm system complying with Section 907. The fire detection system shall use radiant energy-sensing fire detection.))

((323.1 General. Lithium-ion and lithium metal battery powered micromobility devices and powered industrial trucks shall be operated and maintained in accordance with this section.

323.5 Fire safety plan. A fire safety plan shall be provided in accordance with Section 403.10.6. In addition, the fire safety plan shall include emergency response actions to be taken upon detection of a fire or possible fire involving lithium-ion or lithium metal battery storage.))

403.4.3 Assembly points and fire operations. Assembly points shall not be in areas likely to be utilized for fire service operations.

403.9.2 Group R-2 occupancies. Group R-2 occupancies shall comply with Sections 403.9.2.1 through 403.9.2.4.

403.9.2.4 Group R-2 assisted living and residential care facilities. Assisted living and residential care facilities licensed by the state of Washington shall comply with Section 403.7.1 as required for Group I-1 Condition 2 occupancies.

((403.10.6 Buildings with lithium-ion or lithium metal battery storage. An approved fire safety plan in accordance with Section 404 shall be prepared and maintained for buildings with lithium-ion or lithium metal battery storage.

403.11.3 Crowd managers for gatherings exceeding 1,000 people. Where facilities or events involve a gathering of more than 1,000 people, or as required by the fire code official, crowd managers shall be provided in accordance with Sections 403.11.3.1 through 403.11.3.3.))

406.1 General. Employees in the occupancies and uses listed in Section 403 shall be trained in the emergency procedures described in their emergency plans. Training shall be based on these plans and as described in Sections 406.2 through 406.3.5.

406.2 Frequency. Employees shall receive training in the contents of the emergency plans and their duties as part of new employee orientation and at least annually thereafter. Records shall be kept and made available to the fire code official upon request.

406.3 Employee training program. Employees shall be trained in fire prevention, evacuation, sheltering-in-place, and fire safety in accordance with Sections 406.3.1 through 406.3.5.

406.3.4 Emergency lockdown training. This section is not adopted.

406.3.5 Emergency shelter-in-place training. Where a facility has a shelter-in-place plan, employees shall be trained on the alert and recall signals, communication system, location of emergency supplies, the use of the incident notification and alarm system, and their assigned duties and procedures in the event of an alarm or emergency.

503.1 Where required. Fire apparatus access roads shall be provided and maintained in accordance with locally adopted street, road, and access ordinances and standards.

503.1.1 Buildings and facilities. This section is not adopted.

503.1.2 Additional access. This section is not adopted.

503.1.3 High-piled storage. This section is not adopted.

503.2 Specifications. This section is not adopted.

503.3 Marking. This section is not adopted.

503.4 Obstruction of fire apparatus access roads. This section is not adopted.

503.4.1 Traffic calming devices. This section is not adopted.

510.1 Emergency responder communication coverage in new buildings. Approved in-building, emergency responder communications((enhancement system (ERCES)))coverage for emergency responders shall be provided in all new buildings. In-building ((ERCES))emergency responder communications coverage within the building shall be based on the existing coverage levels of the public safety communication systems utilized by the jurisdiction, measured at the exterior of the building. The emergency responder communications enhancement system, where required, shall be of a type determined by the fire code official and the frequency license holder(s). This section shall not require improvement of the existing public safety communication systems.

510.2 Emergency responder communication ((enhancement system))coverage in existing buildings. Existing buildings shall be provided

with approved in-building, emergency responder communications((enhancement system))coverage for emergency responders as required in Chapter 11.

510.3.1 Permit required. A construction permit for the installation of or modification to in-building, emergency responder communication enhancement systems and related equipment is required as specified in Section ((105.6.4))105.6.5. Maintenance performed in accordance with this code is not considered a modification and does not require a permit.

510.4 Technical and design requirements.((Equipment required to provide in-building, emergency responder communication enhancement system shall be listed in accordance with UL 2524. Systems, components and equipment required to provide the in-building, emergency responder communication enhancement system shall comply with Sections 510.4.1 through 510.4.2.8.))The in-building emergency responder communication enhancement system shall be designed in accordance with this code and NFPA 1225.

510.4.2.4))Listing. Equipment required to provide in-building emergency responder communications enhancement shall be listed in accordance with UL 2524.

510.4.3 Signal booster requirements. If used, signal boosters shall meet the following requirements:

1. All signal booster components shall be contained in a National Electrical Manufacturer's Association (NEMA) type 4 cabinet, IP66-type waterproof cabinet or equivalent.

2. Battery systems used for the emergency power source shall be contained in a NEMA 3R or higher-rated cabinet, IP65-type waterproof cabinet or equivalent.

3. Equipment shall have FCC or other radio licensing authority certification and be suitable for public safety use prior to installation.

4. Where a donor antenna exists, isolation shall be maintained between the donor antenna and all inside antennas to not less than 20 dB greater than the system gain under all operating conditions.

5. Bi-directional amplifiers (BDA) used for in-building, emergency responder communication enhancement systems shall be fitted with anti-oscillation detection and control circuitry and per-channel AGC. Active RF-emitting devices used for in-building emergency responder communications enhancement systems shall have built-in oscillation detection and control circuitry to reduce gain and maintain operation. When a signal booster detects oscillation, a supervisory signal shall be transmitted. In the event of uncorrectable oscillation, the system shall be permitted to shut down.

6. The installation of amplification systems or enhancement systems that operate on or provide the means to cause interference on any in-building, emergency respondercommunication enhancement system network shall be coordinated and approved by the fire code official and the frequency license holder(s).

7. Only channelized signal boosters shall be permitted.

((510.4.2.5))510.4.4 System monitoring. The in-building, emergency responder communication enhancement system shall include automatic supervisory and trouble signals that are monitored by a supervisory service and are annunciated by the fire alarm system in accordance with NFPA 72. The following conditions shall be separately annunciated by the fire alarm system, or, if the status of each of the following conditions is individually displayed on a dedicated panel on the in-building, emergency responder communication enhancement system, a single automatic supervisory signal may be annunciated on the fire alarm system indicating deficiencies of the in-building, emergency responder communication enhancement system:

1. Loss of normal AC power supply.

2. System battery charger(s) failure.

3. ((Malfunction of the donor antenna(s).))Signal source malfunction.

4. Failure of active RF-emitting device(s).

5. Low-battery capacity at 70 percent ((reduction of operating capacity))of the 12-hour operating capacity has been depleted.

6. ((Active system component malfunction.))Failure of critical system components.

7. Malfunction of the communications link between the fire alarm system and the in-building, emergency responder communication enhancement system.

8. Oscillation of active RF-emitting device(s).

510.4.6 Additional frequencies and change of frequencies. The in-building, emergency responder communication enhancement system shall be capable of modification or expansion in the event frequency changes are required by the FCC or other radio licensing authority, or additional frequencies are made available by the FCC or other radio licensing authority.

((510.4.2.7))510.4.7 Design documents. The fire code official shall have the authority to require "as-built" design documents and specifications for in-building, emergency responder communication enhancement systems. The documents shall be in a format acceptable to the fire code official.

((510.4.2.8 Radio communication antenna density. Systems shall be engineered to minimize the near-far effect. In-building, emergency responder communication enhancement system designs shall include sufficient antenna density to address reduced gain conditions.

510.5 Installation requirements. The installation of the in-building, emergency responder communication enhancement system shall be in accordance with NFPA ((1221))1225 and Sections 510.5.1 through ((510.5.7))510.5.6.

510.5.1 Mounting of the donor antenna(s). To maintain proper alignment with the system designed donor site, donor antennas shall be permanently affixed on the highest possible position on the building or where approved by the fire code official. A clearly visible sign stating "MOVEMENT OR REPOSITIONING OF THIS ANTENNA IS PROHIBITED WITHOUT APPROVAL FROM THE FIRE CODE OFFICIAL." shall be posted. The antenna installation shall be in accordance with the applicable requirements in the International Building Code for weather protection of the building envelope.

510.5.3 Minimum qualifications of personnel. The minimum qualifications for technical competency of the system designer, lead installation, maintenance, and lead acceptance test personnel shall include ((both of)) the following:

1. ((A valid FCC-issued general radio telephone operators license.

2.)) Certification of in-building system training issued by an approved organization ((or approved school, or a)).

2. A certificate issued by the manufacturer of the equipment being installed.

510.5.4 Acceptance test procedure. Where an in-building emergency respondercommunication enhancementsystem is required, and upon completion of installation, the building owner shall have the ((radio)) system tested to verify that two-way coverage on each floor of the building is in accordance with Section ((510.4.1))510.4.2.1 and 510.2.2. The test procedure shall be conducted as follows:

1. Each floor of the building shall be divided into a grid of 20 approximately equal test areas, with a maximum test area size of 6,400 square feet (595 m2). Where the floor area exceeds 128,000 square feet (11,904 m2), the floor shall be divided into as many approximately equal test areas as needed, such that no test area exceeds the maximum square footage allowed for a test area.

2. The test shall be conducted using a calibrated portable radio of the latest brand and model used by the agency talking through the agency's radio communications system or equipment approved by the fire code official.

3. Coverage testing of signal strength shall be conducted using a calibrated spectrum analyzer for each of the test grids. A diagram of this testing shall be created for each floor where coverage is provided, indicating the testing grid used for the test in Section 510.5.4(1), and including signal strengths and frequencies for each test area. Indicate all critical areas.

4. Functional talk-back testing shall be conducted using two calibrated portable radios of the latest brand and model

used by the agency's radio communications system or other equipment approved by the fire code official. Testing shall use digital audible quality (DAQ) metrics, where a passing result is a DAQ of 3 or higher. Communications between handsets shall be tested and recorded in the grid square diagram required by Section ((510.5.3(2)))510.5.4(1); each grid square on each floor; between each critical area and a radio outside the building; between each critical area and the fire command center or fire alarm control panel; between each landing in each stairwell and the fire command center or fire alarm panel.

5. Failure of more than 5 percent of the test areas on any floor shall result in failure of the test.

6. In the event that two of the test areas fail the test, in order to be more statistically accurate, the floor shall be permitted to be divided into 40 equal test areas. Failure of not more than two nonadjacent test areas shall not result in failure of the test. If the system fails the 40 area test, the system shall be altered to meet the 95 percent coverage requirement.

7. A test location approximately in the center of each test area shall be selected for the test, with the radio enabled to verify two-way communications to and from the outside of the building through the public agency's radio communications system. Once the test location has been selected, that location shall represent the entire test area. Failure in the selected test location shall be considered to be a failure of that test area. Additional test locations shall not be permitted.

8. The gain values of all amplifiers shall be measured and the test measurement results shall be kept on file with the building owner so that the measurements can be verified during annual tests. In the event that the measurement results become lost, the building owner shall be required to rerun the acceptance test to reestablish the gain values.

9. As part of the installation, a spectrum analyzer or other suitable test equipment shall be utilized to ensure spurious oscillations are not being generated by the subject signal booster. This test shall be conducted at the time of installation and at subsequent annual inspections.

10. Systems shall be tested using two portable radios simultaneously conducting subjective voice quality checks. One portable radio shall be positioned not greater than 10 feet (3048 mm) from the indoor antenna. The second portable radio shall be positioned at a distance that represents the farthest distance from any indoor antenna. With both portable radios simultaneously keyed up on different frequencies within the same band, subjective audio testing shall be conducted and comply with DAQ levels as specified in Sections ((510.4.1.1 and 510.4.1.2))510.4.2.1 and 510.4.2.2.

11. Documentation maintained on premises. At the conclusion of the testing, and prior to issuance of the building certificate of occupancy, the building owner or owner's representative shall place a copy of the following records in the Distributed Antenna System enclosure or the building engineer's office. The records shall be available to the fire code official and maintained by the building owner for the life of the system:

a. A certification letter stating that the emergency responder enhancement coverage system has been installed and tested in accordance with this code, and that the system is complete and fully functional.

b. The grid square diagram created as part of testing in Sections ((510.5.3(2) and 510.5.3(3)))510.5.4(2) and 510.5.4(3).

c. Data sheets and/or manufacturer specifications for the emergency responder enhancement coverage system equipment; back up battery; and charging system (if utilized).

d. A diagram showing device locations and wiring schematic.

e. A copy of the electrical permit.

510.5.5((FCC compliance. The in-building, emergency responder communication enhancement system installation and components shall comply with all applicable federal regulations including, but not limited to, FCC 47 C.F.R. Part 90.219.

510.5.6 Identification signs.Emergency responder enhancement systems shall be identified by an approved sign located on or near the fire alarm control panel or other approved location stating "This building is equipped with an Emergency Responder Enhancement Coverage System. Control Equipment located in ....... or as approved by the Fire Code Official." A sign stating "Emergency Responder Enhancement Coverage System Equipment" shall be placed on or adjacent to the door of the room containing the main system components.

510.6 Maintenance. The in-building, emergency responder communication enhancement system shall be maintained operational at all times in accordance with ((Sections 510.6.1 through 510.6.4))this code and NFPA 1225.

510.6.1 System testing and proof of compliance. The owner of the building or owner's authorized agent shall have the in-building, emergency responder communication enhancement system inspected and tested annually or where structural changes occur including additions or remodels that could materially change the original field performance tests. Testing shall consist of the following items 1 through 7:

1. In-building coverage test as required by the fire code official as described in Section 510.5.4 or 510.6.1.1.

2. Signal boosters shall be tested to verify that the gain/output level is the same as it was upon initial installation and acceptance or set to optimize the performance of the system.

3. Backup batteries and power supplies shall be tested under load of a period of 1 hour to verify that they will properly operate during an actual power outage. If within the 1-hour test period the battery exhibits symptoms of failure, the test shall be extended for additional 1-hour periods until the integrity of the battery can be determined.

4. All other active components shall be checked to verify operation within the manufacturers specification.

5. If a fire alarm system is present in the building, a test shall be conducted to verify that the fire alarm system is properly supervising the emergency responder communication enhancement system as required in Section ((510.4.2.5))510.4.2.4. The test is performed by simulating alarms to the fire alarm control panel. The certifications in Section ((510.5.2))510.5.3 are sufficient for the personnel performing this testing.

6. At the conclusion of testing, a record of the inspection and maintenance along with an updated grid diagram of each floor showing tested strengths in each grid square and each critical area shall be added to the documentation maintained on the premises in accordance with Section ((510.5.3))510.5.4.

7. At the conclusion of the testing, a report, which shall verify compliance with Section 510.6.1, shall be submitted to the fire code official.

510.6.1.1 Alternative in-building coverage test. When the comprehensive test documentation required by Section ((510.5.3))510.5.4 is available, or the most recent full five-year test results are available if the system is older than six years, the in-building coverage test required by the fire code official in Section 510.6.1(1), may be conducted as follows:

1. Functional talk-back testing shall be conducted using two calibrated portable radios of the latest brand and model used by the agency's radio communications system or other equipment approved by the fire code official. Testing shall use digital audible quality (DAQ) metrics, where a passing result is a DAQ of 3 or higher. Communications between handsets in the following locations shall be tested: Between the fire command center or fire alarm control panel and a location outside the building and between the fire alarm control panel and each landing in each stairwell.

2. Coverage testing of signal strength shall be conducted using a calibrated spectrum analyzer for:

a. Three grid areas per floor. The three grid areas to be tested on each floor are the three grid areas with poorest performance in the acceptance test or the most recent annual test, whichever is more recent;

b. Each of the critical areas identified in acceptance test documentation required by Section ((510.5.3))510.5.4, or as modified by the fire code official; and

c. One grid square per serving antenna.

3. The test area boundaries shall not deviate from the areas established at the time of the acceptance test, or as modified by the fire code official. The building shall be considered to have acceptable emergency responder communication coverage when the required signal strength requirements in Sections ((510.4.1.1 and 510.4.1.2))510.4.2.1 and 510.4.2.2 are located in 95 percent of all areas on each floor of the building and 99 percent in critical areas, and any nonfunctional serving antenna are repaired to function within normal ranges. If the documentation of the acceptance test or most recent previous annual test results are not available or acceptable to the fire code official, the radio coverage verification testing described in Section ((510.5.3))510.5.4 shall be conducted.

((510.6.2 Additional frequencies. The building owner shall modify or expand the in-building, emergency responder communication enhancement system at their expense in the event frequency changes are required by the FCC or other radio licensing authority, or additional frequencies are made available by the FCC or other radio licensing authority. Prior approval of an in-building, emergency responder communication enhancement system on previous frequencies does not exempt this section.

510.6.4))510.5.3 Field testing.Agency personnel shall have the right to enter onto the property at any reasonable time to conduct field testing to verify the required level of radio coverage or to disable a system adversely impacting the emergency responder communication enhancement system in the region.

611.1 Disconnecting means. Permanently connected electric vehicle supply equipment shall be provided with one or more emergency disconnects and shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 70.

901.4.2 Nonrequired fire protection systems and life safety systems. A fire protection and life safety system or portion thereof not required by this code or the International Building Code shall be allowed to be furnished for partial or complete protection provided such installed system meets the applicable requirements of this code and the International Building Code. Such systems or portion of system shall be provided with signage stating "NON-REQUIRED SYSTEM." Signage shall be durable and permanent in nature, with contrasting color and background, and with lettering of not less than 1 inch (25 mm) in height. Location of such signage shall be ((approved))approved.

901.8.2 Removal of existing occupant-use hose lines. The fire code official is authorized to permit the removal of existing occupant-use hose lines where all of the following conditions exist:

1. Installation is not required by this code, the International Building Code, or a previously approved alternative method.

2. The hose line would not be utilized by trained personnel or the fire department.

3. The remaining outlets are compatible with local fire department fittings.

903.2 Where required. Approved automatic sprinkler systems in new buildings and structures shall be provided in the locations described in Sections 903.2.1 through 903.2.12.

903.2.1.3 Group A-3. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout stories containing Group A-3 occupancies and throughout all stories from the Group A-3 occupancy to and including the levels of exit discharge serving that occupancy where one of the following conditions exists:

1. The fire area exceeds 12,000 square feet (1115 m2).

2. The fire area has an occupant load of 300 or more.

3. The fire area is located on a floor other than a level of exit discharge serving such occupancies.

903.2.1.6 Assembly occupancies on roofs. Where an occupied roof has an assembly occupancy with an occupant load exceeding 100 for Group A-2, and 300 for other Group A occupancies, the building shall be equipped with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2.

903.2.1.8 Nightclub. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout Group A-2 nightclubs as defined in this code.

903.2.3 Group E. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided for fire areas containing Group E occupancies where the fire area has an occupant load of 51 or more, calculated in accordance with Table 1004.5.

903.2.6 Group I. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout buildings with a Group I fire area.

903.2.6.1 Group I-4. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided in fire areas containing Group I-4 occupancies where the fire area has an occupant load of 51 or more, calculated in accordance with Table 1004.5.

903.2.8 Group R. An automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3 shall be provided throughout all buildings with a Group R fire area.

((903.2.8.5))903.2.8.4 Adult family home. An adult family home with a capacity of seven or eight that serves residents who require assistance during an evacuation must install an automatic sprinkler system that meets the requirements of NFPA 13D.

903.2.11.1.3 Basements. Where any portion of a basement is located more than 75 feet (22,860 mm) from openings required by Section 903.2.11.1, or where new walls, partitions or other similar obstructions are installed that increase the exit access travel distance to more than 75 feet (22,860 mm), the basement shall be equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system.

903.2.11.5 Commercial cooking operations. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed in commercial kitchen exhaust hood and duct systems where an automatic sprinkler system is used to comply with Section 904.

((Table 903.2.11.6

903.2.11.7 Relocatable buildings within buildings. Relocatable buildings or structures located within a building with an approved fire sprinkler system shall be provided with fire sprinkler protection within the occupiable space of the building and the space underneath the relocatable building.

903.3.1.2 NFPA 13R sprinkler systems.Automatic sprinkler systems in Group R occupancies up to and including four stories in height in buildings not exceeding 60 feet (18,288 mm) in height above grade plane shall be permitted to be installed throughout in accordance with NFPA 13R. The number of stories of Group R occupancies constructed in accordance with Sections 510.2 and 510.4 of the International Building Code shall be measured from the horizontal assembly creating separate buildings.

903.3.5.3 Underground portions of fire protection system water supply piping. The portion of the installation or modification of an underground water main, public or private, dedicated to supplying a water-based fire protection system shall be in accordance with NFPA 24 and chapter 18.160 RCW. Piping and appurtenances downstream of the first control valve on the lateral or service line from the distribution main to 1 foot (305 mm) above finished floor shall be approved by the fire code official. Such underground piping shall be installed by a fire sprinkler system contractor licensed in accordance with chapter 18.160 RCW and holding either a Level U or a Level 3 license. For underground piping supplying systems installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.2, a Level 2, 3, or U licensed contractor is acceptable.

((904.1.1 Certification of service personnel for fire-extinguishing equipment. Service personnel performing system design, installation, or conducting system maintenance or testing on automatic fire-extinguishing systems, other than automatic sprinkler systems, shall possess the appropriate ICC/NAFED certification.

904.1.1.3 Preengineered industrial fire-extinguishing system. A current ICC/NAFED certification for preengineered industrial fire-extinguishing system is required when performing design, installation, inspection/testing or maintenance on kitchen suppression systems.))

904.1.1 (((Effective July 1, 2024))) Certification of personnel for alternative fire-extinguishing equipment. Personnel performing system design, installation, maintenance, programming or testing on automatic fire-extinguishing systems, other than automatic sprinkler systems, shall possess the appropriate National Institute for Certification in Engineering Technologies (NICET) Special Hazards Suppression Systems certification.

904.1.1.1 (((Effective July 1, 2024)))Design. All construction documents shall be reviewed by a NICET Level III in special hazard suppression systems or a licensed professional engineer (PE) in the state of Washington prior to being submitted for permitting. The reviewing professional shall submit a stamped, signed, and dated letter; or a verification method approved by the fire code official indicating the system has been reviewed and meets or exceeds the design requirements of the state of Washington and the local jurisdiction.

904.1.1.2 (((Effective July 1, 2024))) Installation. Installation not defined as "electrical construction trade" by chapter 19.28 RCW or "Fire Protection Sprinkler Fitting" by chapter 18.270 RCW, shall be completed by or directly supervised by a NICET Level II or higher in special hazards suppression systems. Supervision shall consist of a person being on the same job site and under the control of a NICET Level II or higher in special hazards suppression systems.

904.1.1.3 (((Effective July 1, 2024))) Testing/maintenance. Inspection, testing, commissioning, maintenance, and programming not defined as "electrical construction trade" by chapter 19.28 RCW or "Fire Protection Sprinkler Fitting" by chapter 18.270 RCW, shall be completed by a NICET Level II or higher in special hazards suppression systems.

((904.13))904.14 Commercial cooking systems. The automatic fire-extinguishing system for commercial cooking systems shall be of a type recognized for protection of commercial cooking equipment and exhaust systems of the type and arrangement protected. Preengineered automatic dry- and wet-chemical extinguishing systems shall be tested in accordance with UL 300 and listed and labeled for the intended application. Other types of automatic fire-extinguishing systems shall be listed and labeled for specific use as protection for commercial cooking operations. The system shall be installed in accordance with this code, NFPA 96, its listing and the manufacturer's installation instructions. Additional protection is not required for ductwork beyond 75 feet (22,860 mm) when hood suppression system complies with UL 300. Signage shall be provided on the exhaust hood or system cabinet, indicating the type and arrangement of cooking appliances protected by the automatic fire-extinguishing system. Signage shall indicate appliances from left to right, be durable, and the size, color, and lettering shall be approved. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems of the following types shall be installed in accordance with the referenced standard indicated, as follows:

1. Carbon dioxide extinguishing systems, NFPA 12.

2. Automatic sprinkler systems, NFPA 13.

3. Automatic water mist systems, NFPA 750.

4. Foam-water sprinkler system or foam-water spray systems, NFPA 16.

5. Dry-chemical extinguishing systems, NFPA 17.

6. Wet-chemical extinguishing systems, NFPA 17A.

907.2.3 Group E. Group E occupancies shall be provided with a manual fire alarm system that initiates the occupant notification signal utilizing one of the following:

1. An emergency voice/alarm communication system meeting the requirements of Section 907.5.2.2 and installed in accordance with Section 907.6; or

2. A system developed as part of a safe school plan adopted in accordance with RCW 28A.320.125 or developed as part of an emergency response system consistent with the provisions of RCW 28A.320.126. The system must achieve all of the following performance standards:

2.1 The ability to broadcast voice messages or customized announcements;

2.2 Includes a feature for multiple sounds, including sounds to initiate a lock down;

2.3 The ability to deliver messages to the interior of a building, areas outside of a building as designated pursuant to the safe school plan, and to personnel;

2.4 The ability for two-way communications;

2.5 The ability for individual room calling;

2.6 The ability for a manual override;

2.7 Installation in accordance with NFPA 72;

2.8 Provide 15 minutes of battery backup for alarm and 24 hours of battery backup for standby; and

2.9 Includes a program for annual inspection and maintenance in accordance with NFPA 72.

907.2.3.1 Sprinkler systems or detection. When automatic sprinkler systems or smoke detectors are installed, such systems or detectors shall be connected to the building fire alarm system.

((907.2.6.1 Group I-1. An automatic smoke detection system shall be installed in corridors, waiting areas open to corridors and habitable spaces other than sleeping units and kitchens. The system shall be activated in accordance with Section 907.4.

907.2.6.4 Group I-4 occupancies. A manual fire alarm system that initiates the occupant notification signal utilizing an emergency voice/alarm communication system meeting the requirements of Section 907.5.2.2 and installed in accordance with Section 907.6 shall be installed in Group I-4 occupancies. When automatic sprinkler systems or smoke detectors are installed, such systems or detectors shall be connected to the building fire alarm system.

907.2.11.1 Group R-1. Single or multiple-station smoke alarms shall be installed in all of the following locations in Group R-1:

1. In sleeping areas.

2. In each loft constructed in accordance with Section 420.13 of the International Building Code.

3. In every room in the path of the means of egress from the sleeping area to the door leading from the sleeping unit.

4. In each story within the sleeping unit, including basements. For sleeping units with split levels and without an intervening door between the adjacent levels, a smoke alarm installed on the upper level shall suffice for the adjacent lower level provided that the lower level is less than one full story below the upper level.

907.2.11.2 Groups R-2, R-3, R-4, and I-1. Single- or multiple-station smoke alarms shall be installed and maintained in Groups R-2, R-3, R-4, and I-1 regardless of occupant load at all of the following locations:

1. On the ceiling or wall outside of each separate sleeping area in the immediate vicinity of bedrooms.

2. In each room used for sleeping purposes.

3. In each loft constructed in accordance with Section 420.13 of the International Building Code.

4. In each story within a dwelling unit, including basements but not including crawl spaces and uninhabitable attics. In dwellings or dwelling units with split levels and without an intervening door between the adjacent levels, a smoke alarm installed on the upper level shall suffice for the adjacent lower level provided that the lower level is less than one full story below the upper level.

907.5.2.1.2 Maximum sound pressure. The maximum sound pressure level for audible alarm notification appliances shall be 110 dBA at the minimum hearing distance from the audible appliance. For systems operating in public mode, the maximum sound pressure level shall not exceed 30 dBA over the average ambient sound level. Where the average ambient noise is greater than 95 dBA, visible alarm notification appliances shall be provided in accordance with NFPA 72 and audible alarm notification appliances shall not be required.

907.8.4.1 Testing/maintenance: All inspection, testing, maintenance and programing not defined as "electrical construction trade" by chapter 19.28 RCW shall be completed by a NICET II or ESA/NTS Certified Fire Alarm Technician (CFAT) Level II Fire in fire alarms (((effective July 1, 2018))).

907.11.1 Scope. This section shall apply to new and existing fire alarm systems.

907.11.2 Design review: All construction documents shall be reviewed by a NICET III, an ESA/NTS Certified Fire Alarm Designer (CFAD) Level III Fire in fire alarms, or a licensed professional engineer (PE) in Washington prior to being submitted for permitting. The reviewing professional shall submit a stamped, signed, and dated letter; or a verification method approved by the local authority having jurisdiction indicating the system has been reviewed and meets or exceeds the design requirements of the state of Washington and the local jurisdiction (((effective July 1, 2018))).

909.21.12 Hoistway venting. Hoistway venting need not be provided for pressurized elevator shafts.

909.21.13 Machine rooms. Elevator machine rooms shall be pressurized in accordance with this section unless separated from the hoistway shaft by construction in accordance with Section 707 of the International Building Code.

((915.1.1 Where required. Carbon monoxide detection shall be provided in Group I and R occupancies and in classrooms in Group E occupancies in the locations specified in Section 915.2 where any of the conditions in Sections 915.1.2 through 915.1.6 exist.

915.6 Maintenance. Carbon monoxide alarms and carbon monoxide detection systems shall be maintained in accordance with NFPA 72. Carbon monoxide alarms and carbon monoxide detectors that become inoperable or begin producing end-of-life signals shall be replaced.))915.1 General. Carbon monoxide (CO) detection shall be installed in new buildings in accordance with Section 915.2. Carbon monoxide detection shall be installed in existing buildings in accordance with Section 1103.9.

((1004.5 Areas without fixed seating. The number of occupants shall be computed at the rate of one occupant per unit of area as prescribed in Table 1004.5. For areas without fixed seating, the occupant load shall be not less than that number determined by dividing the floor area under consideration by the occupant load factor assigned to the function of the space as set forth in Table 1004.5. Where an intended function is not listed in Table 1004.5, the fire code official shall establish a function based on a listed function that most nearly resembles the intended function.

1004.5.1 Increased occupant load. The occupant load permitted in any building, or portion thereof, is permitted to be increased from that number established for the occupancies in Table 1004.5, provided that all other requirements of the code are met based on such modified number and the occupant load does not exceed one occupant per 7 square feet (0.65 m2) of occupiable floor space. Where required by the fire code official, an approved aisle, seating or fixed equipment diagram substantiating any increase in occupant load shall be submitted. Where required by the fire code official, such diagram shall be posted.))

1006.2.1 Egress based on occupant load and common path of egress travel distance. Two exits or exit access doorways from any space shall be provided where the design occupant load or the common path of egress travel distance exceeds the values listed in Table 1006.2.1. The cumulative occupant load from adjacent rooms, areas or spaces shall be determined in accordance with Section 1004.2.

1006.2.1.1 Three or more exits or exit access doorways. Three exits or exit access doorways shall be provided from any space with an occupant load of 501 to 1,000. Four exits or exit access doorways shall be provided from any space with an occupant load greater than 1,000.

1006.3.4 Single exits. A single exit or access to a single exit shall be permitted from any story or ((occupied))occupiable roof where one of the following conditions exists:

1. The occupant load, number of dwelling units and exit access travel distance within the portion of the building served by the single exit do not exceed the values in Table 1006.3.4(1) or 1006.3.4(2).

2. Rooms, areas and spaces complying with Section 1006.2.1 with exits that discharge directly to the exterior at the level of exit discharge, are permitted to have one exit or access to a single exit.

3. Parking garages where vehicles are mechanically parked shall be permitted to have one exit or access to a single exit.

4. Groups R-3 and R-4 occupancies shall be permitted to have one exit or access to a single exit.

5. Individual single-story or multistory dwelling units shall be permitted to have a single exit or access to a single exit from the dwelling unit provided that both of the following criteria are met:

5.1. The dwelling unit complies with Section 1006.2.1 as a space with one means of egress.

5.2. Either the exit from the dwelling unit discharges directly to the exterior at the level of exit discharge, or the exit access outside the dwelling unit's entrance door provides access to not less than two approved independent exits.

1008.2.3 Exit discharge. This subsection is not adopted.

1010.2.4 Locks and latches. Locks and latches shall be permitted to prevent operation of doors where any of the following exists:

1. Places of detention or restraint.

2. In buildings in occupancy Group A having an occupant load of 300 or less, Groups B, F, M, and S, and in places of religious worship, the main door or doors are permitted to be equipped with key-operated locking devices from the egress side provided:

2.1. The locking device is readily distinguishable as locked;

2.3. The use of the key-operated locking device is revocable by the building official for due cause.

3. Where egress doors are used in pairs, approved automatic flush bolts shall be permitted to be used, provided that the door leaf having the automatic flush bolts has no doorknob or surface-mounted hardware.

4. Doors from individual dwelling or sleeping units of Group R occupancies having an occupant load of 10 or less are permitted to be equipped with a night latch, dead bolt, or security chain, provided such devices are openable from the inside without the use of a key or a tool.

5. Fire doors after the minimum elevated temperature has disabled the unlatching mechanism in accordance with listed fire door test procedures.

6. Doors serving roofs not intended to be occupied shall be permitted to be locked preventing entry to the building from the roof.

7. Approved, listed locks without delayed egress shall be permitted in Group I-1 condition 2 assisted living facilities licensed under chapter 388-78A WAC and Group I-1 Condition 2 residential treatment facilities licensed under chapter 246-337 WAC by the state of Washington, provided that:

7.1. The clinical needs of one or more patients require specialized security measures for their safety.

7.2. The doors unlock upon actuation of the automatic sprinkler system or automatic fire detection system.

7.3. The doors unlock upon loss of electrical power controlling the lock or lock mechanism.

7.4. The lock shall be capable of being deactivated by a signal from a switch located in an approved location.

7.5. There is a system, such as a keypad and code, in place that allows visitors, staff persons and appropriate residents to exit. Instructions for exiting shall be posted within 6 feet of the door.

8. Other than egress courts, where occupants must egress from an exterior space through the building for means of egress, exit access doors shall be permitted to be equipped with an approved locking device where installed and operated in accordance with all of the following:

8.1. The occupant load of the occupied exterior area shall not exceed 300 as determined by IBC Section 1004.

8.2. The maximum occupant load shall be posted where required by Section 1004.9. Such sign shall be permanently affixed inside the building and shall be posted in a conspicuous space near all the exit access doorways.

8.3. A weatherproof telephone or two-way communication system installed in accordance with Sections 1009.8.1 and 1009.8.2 shall be located adjacent to not less than one required exit access door on the exterior side.

8.4. The egress door locking device is readily distinguishable as locked and shall be a key-operated locking device.

8.5. A clear window or glazed door opening, not less than 5 square feet (0.46 m2) in area, shall be provided at each exit access door to determine if there are occupants using the outdoor area.

8.6. A readily visible durable sign shall be posted on the interior side on or adjacent to each locked required exit access door serving the exterior area stating: THIS DOOR TO REMAIN UNLOCKED WHEN THE OUTDOOR AREA IS OCCUPIED. The letters on the sign shall be not less than 1 inch high on a contrasting background.

9. Locking devices are permitted on doors to balconies, decks, or other exterior spaces serving individual dwelling or sleeping units.

10. Locking devices are permitted on doors to balconies, decks, or other exterior spaces of 250 square feet or less, serving a private office space.

((1010.2.14))1010.2.13 Controlled egress doors in Groups I-1 and I-2. Electric locking systems, including electromechanical locking systems and electromagnetic locking systems, shall be permitted to be locked in the means of egress in Group I-1 or I-2 occupancies where the clinical needs of persons receiving care require their containment. Controlled egress doors shall be permitted in such occupancies where the building is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or an approved automatic smoke or heat detection system installed in accordance with Section 907, provided that the doors are installed and operate in accordance with all of the following:

1. The doors shall unlock on actuation of the automatic sprinkler system or automatic smoke detection system.

2. The door locks shall unlock on loss of power controlling the lock or lock mechanism.

3. The door locking system shall be installed to have the capability of being unlocked by a switch located at the fire command center, a nursing station or other approved location. The switch shall directly break power to the lock.

4. A building occupant shall not be required to pass through more than one door equipped with a controlled egress locking system before entering an exit.

5. The procedures for unlocking the doors shall be described and approved as part of the emergency planning and preparedness required by Chapter 4 of the International Fire Code.

6. There is a system, such as a keypad and code, in place that allows visitors, staff persons and appropriate residents to exit. Instructions for exiting shall be posted within 6 feet of the door.

7. All clinical staff shall have the keys, codes or other means necessary to operate the locking systems.

8. Emergency lighting shall be provided at the door.

9. The door locking system units shall be listed in accordance with UL 294.

((1010.3.4 Security grilles. In Groups B, F, M and S, horizontal sliding or vertical security grilles are permitted at the main exit and shall be openable from the inside without the use of a key or special knowledge or effort during periods that the space is occupied. The grilles shall remain secured in the full-open position during the period of occupancy by the general public. Where two or more exits or access to exits are required, not more than one-half of the exits or exit access doorways shall be equipped with horizontal sliding or vertical security grilles.))

1010.3.4.1 Fixed transit and passenger rail systems. In fixed transit and passenger rail system stations horizontal and vertical security grilles are permitted at station entrances as a component in the means of egress when the station is under constant supervision by on-site security personnel and an exit door with panic hardware that swings in the direction of egress, with a minimum clear width of 32 inches (813 mm), provided within 10 feet of the gate. The security grilles shall remain secured in the full-open position during the period of occupancy by the general public.

((1011.17 Stairways in individual dwelling units. Stairs or ladders within an individual dwelling unit used for access to areas of 200 square feet (18.6 m2) or less, and not containing the primary bathroom or kitchen, are exempt from the requirements of Section 1009.))1011.1 General.Stairways serving occupied portions of a building shall comply with the requirements of Sections 1011.2 through 1011.13. Alternating tread devices shall comply with Section 1011.14. Ship's ladders shall comply with Section 1011.15. Ladders shall comply with Section 1011.16.

1013.6.1.1 Pictorial exit sign option. Exit signs shall either meet the lettering requirements of Section 1013.6.1, have the pictogram for an emergency exit in accordance with ISO 7010, or both.

1014.2 Height and location. Handrails serving flights of stairways, ramps, stepped aisles, and ramped aisles shall comply with the provisions of Sections 1014.2.1 and 1014.2.2.

1014.2.1 Height.Handrail height, measured above stair tread nosings, or finish surface of ramp slope, shall be uniform, not less than 34 inches (864 mm) and not more than 38 inches (965 mm). Handrail height of alternating tread devices and ships ladders, measured above tread nosings, shall be uniform, not less than 30 inches (762 mm) and not more than 34 inches (864 mm).

((1014.2.2 Lateral location. Handrails located outward from the edge of the walking surface of flights of stairways, ramps, stepped aisles, and ramped aisles shall be located within 6 inches (152 mm) measured horizontally from the edge of the walking surface. Handrails projecting into the width of the walking surface shall comply with Section 1014.8.))

1014.8 Projections. On ramps and on ramped aisles that are part of an accessible route, the clear width between handrails shall be 36 inches (914 mm) minimum. Projections into the required width of stepped and ramped aisles, flights of stairways and ramps at each side shall not exceed 4.5 inches (114 mm) at or below the handrail height. Projections into the required width shall not be limited above the minimum headroom height required in Section 1011.3. Projections due to intermediate handrails shall not constitute a reduction in the egress width. Where a pair of intermediate handrails are provided within the stairway width without a walking surface between the pair of intermediate handrails and the distance between the pair of intermediate handrails is greater than 6 inches (152 mm), the available egress width shall be reduced by the distance between the closest edges of each such intermediate pair of handrails that is greater than 6 inches (152 mm).

((1015.2 Where required.Guards shall be located along open-sided walking surfaces, including mezzanines, equipment platforms, lofts in accordance with Section 420.14 of the International Building Code, aisles, stairs, ramps, and landings that are located more than 30 inches (762 mm) measured vertically to the floor or grade below at any point within 36 inches (914 mm) horizontally to the edge of the open side. Guards shall be provided at the perimeter of the occupied portions of an occupied roof. Guards shall be adequate in strength and attachment in accordance with Section 1607.9 of the International Building Code.

1015.3 Height. Required guards shall be not less than 42 inches (1067 mm) high, measured vertically as follows:

1. From the adjacent walking surfaces.

2. On stairways and stepped aisles, from the line connecting the leading edges of the tread nosings.

3. On ramps and ramped aisles, from the ramp surface at the guard.

((1103.2 Emergency responder communication enhancement in existing buildings. Existing buildings other than Group R-3, that do not have approved in-building, emergency response communication enhancement system for emergency responders in the building based on existing coverage levels of the public safety communication systems, shall be equipped with such coverage according to one of the following:

1103.4.3More than five stories. In other than Group I occupancies, interior vertical openings connecting more than five stories shall be protected by fire-resistant and smoke-rated construction.

1103.5.6 Nightclub. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout A-2 nightclubs as defined in this code. No building shall be constructed for, used for, or converted to occupancy as a nightclub except in accordance with this section.

1103.9 Carbon monoxide alarms.((Existing Group I or Group R occupancies shall be provided with single station carbon monoxide alarms in accordance with Section 915.4.3. An inspection will occur when alterations, repairs or additions requiring a permit occur, or when one or more sleeping rooms are added or created. The carbon monoxide alarms shall be listed as complying with UL 2034 and be installed and maintained in accordance with NFPA 72 and the manufacturer's instructions))Carbon monoxide detection shall be installed in existing buildings where any of the conditions identified in Section 915.2 exist. Carbon monoxide detection devices shall be installed in the locations specified in Section 915.3 and the installation shall be in accordance with Section 915.4.

This section not adopted.

1201.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall apply to the installation, operation, maintenance, repair, retrofitting, testing, commissioning and decommissioning of energy systems used for generating or storing energy including, but not limited to, energy storage systems under the exclusive control of an electric utility or lawfully designated agency. It shall not apply to equipment associated with the generation, control, transformation, transmission, or distribution of energy installations that is under the exclusive control of an electric utility or lawfully designated agency. Energy storage systems regulated by WAC 51-54A-1207 shall comply with this chapter as appropriate and NFPA 855.

((1201.3 Mixed system installation. Where mixed systems are approved, the aggregate nameplate kWh energy of all energy storage systems in a fire area shall not exceed the maximum quantity specified for any of the energy systems in this chapter. Where required by the fire code official, a hazard mitigation analysis shall be provided and approved in accordance with Section 104.8.2 to evaluate any potential adverse interaction between the various energy systems and technologies.))

1203.2.5 Mechanical exhaust systems. Standby power shall be provided for mechanical exhaust systems as required in Section 1207.9. The system shall be capable of powering the required load for a duration of not less than 2 hours.

1203.2.7 Gas detection systems. Emergency power shall be provided for gas detection systems where required by Sections 1203.2.10, 1203.2.17, and 1207.10. Standby power shall be provided for gas detection systems where required by Sections 916.5.

((1206.1 General. Stationary fuel cell power systems in new and existing occupancies shall comply with this section.

3. Initiate local audible and visible alarms in approved locations.))

1207.1 General. The provisions in this section are applicable to stationary, portable, and mobile electrical energy storage systems (ESS).

1207.1.1 Scope. ESS having capacities exceeding the values shown in Table ((1207.1.1))1.3 of NFPA 855 shall comply with this section.

((TABLE 1207.1.1

1207.11.10 Electric vehicle use. The temporary use of an owner or occupant's electric-powered vehicle to power a dwelling unit or sleeping unit while parked in an attached or detached garage or outdoors shall comply with the vehicle manufacturer's instructions and NFPA 70.))1207.1.2 through 1207.1.8 Not adopted.

((2404.2.1 Prohibited enclosures for spray application operations. Inflatable or portable enclosures shall not be used for spray application of flammable finishes.

2404.3.5 Membrane enclosures. The design, construction, protection, operation and maintenance of membrane enclosures shall be in accordance with NFPA 33.))

((3303.1.1 Components of site safety plans.Site safety plans shall include the following as applicable:

3303.2.1 Training. Training of fire watch and other responsible personnel in the use of fire protection equipment shall be the responsibility of the site safety director. Records of training shall be kept and made a part of the written plan for the site safety plan.))

3303.3 Daily fire safety inspection. The site safety director shall be responsible for completion of a daily fire safety inspection at the project site. Each day, all building and outdoor areas shall be inspected to ensure compliance with the inspection list in this section. The results of each inspection shall be documented and maintained on-site until a certificate of occupancy has been issued. Documentation shall be immediately available on-site for presentation to the fire code official upon request.

1. Any contractors entering the site to perform hot work each day have been instructed in the hot work safety requirements in Chapter 35, and hot work is performed only in areas approved by the site safety director.

2. Temporary heating equipment is maintained away from combustible materials in accordance with the equipment manufacturer's instructions.

3. Combustible debris, rubbish and waste material is removed from the building in areas where work is not being performed.

4. Temporary wiring does not have exposed conductors.

5. Flammable liquids and other hazardous materials are stored in locations that have been approved by the site safety director when not involved in work that is being performed.

6. Fire apparatus access roads required by Section 3307 are maintained clear of obstructions that reduce the width of the usable roadway to less than 20 feet (6096 mm).

7. Fire hydrants are clearly visible from access roads and are not obstructed.

8. The location of fire department connections to standpipe and in-service sprinkler systems are clearly identifiable from the access road and such connections are not obstructed.

9. Standpipe systems are in service and continuous to the highest work floor, as specified in Section 3307.5.

((10. Portable fire extinguishers are available in locations required by Sections 3306.6 and 3305.10.2.))

3303.5 Fire watch. Where required by the fire code official or the site safety plan established in accordance with Section 3303.1, a fire watch shall be provided for building demolition and for building construction.

((3303.5.1 Fire watch during construction. A fire watch shall be provided during nonworking hours for new construction that exceeds 40 feet (12,192 mm) in height above the lowest adjacent grade at any point along the building perimeter, for new multistory construction with an aggregate area exceeding 50,000 square feet (4645 m2) per story or as required by the fire code official.

3303.5.2.1 Duties. The primary duty of fire watch personnel shall be to perform constant patrols and watch for the occurrence of fire. The combination of fire watch duties and site security duties is acceptable.))

3303.5.2.2 Training. Personnel shall be trained to serve as an on-site fire watch. Training shall include the use of portable fire extinguishers. Fire extinguishers and fire reporting shall be in accordance with Sections 3303.6 and 3306.6.

((3303.5.2.3 Means of notification. Fire watch personnel shall be provided with not fewer than one approved means for notifying the fire department.

3303.6 Emergency telephone. Emergency telephone facilities with ready access shall be provided in an approved location at the construction site, or an approved equivalent means of communication shall be provided. The street address of the construction site and the emergency telephone number of the fire department shall be posted adjacent to the telephone. Alternatively, where an equivalent means of communication has been approved, the site address and fire department emergency telephone number shall be posted at the main entrance to the site, in guard shacks, and in the construction site office.))

((3304.1 Combustible debris, rubbish, and waste. Combustible debris, rubbish, and waste material shall comply with the requirements of Sections 3304.1.1 through 3304.2.

3304.2 Spontaneous ignition. Materials susceptible to spontaneous ignition, such as oily rags, shall be stored in a listed disposal container.))

((3305.1 Listed. Temporary heating devices shall be listed and labeled. The installation, maintenance and use of temporary heating devices shall be in accordance with the listing and the manufacturer's instructions.

3305.10.2 Fire extinguishers for roofing operations. Fire extinguishers shall comply with Section 906. There shall be not less than one multiple-purpose portable fire extinguisher with a minimum 3-A 40-B:C rating on the roof being covered or repaired.))

((3306.1 Fire protection devices. The site safety director shall ensure that all fire protection equipment is maintained and serviced in accordance with this code. Fire protection equipment shall be inspected in accordance with the fire protection program.

3. Additional portable fire extinguishers shall be provided where special hazards exist including, but not limited to, the storage and use of flammable and combustible liquids.))

((3601.3 Permits. For permits to operate marine motor fuel-dispensing stations, application of flammable or combustible finishes, and hot works, see Section 105.5.))

3905.3.1 Extraction processes using flammable or combustible liquids or gases. Continuous mechanical exhaust ventilation shall be provided where extraction processes use flammable or combustible liquids or gases. The mechanical exhaust ventilation shall provide a minimum airflow rate of not less than 5 cfm/ft2 (0.0254 m3/(s*m2)) of floor area to prevent an accumulation of flammable vapors from exceeding 25 percent of the lower explosive limit (LEL).

4004.4 Bulk distilled spirits storage areas. There shall be no storage of combustible materials in the bulk distilled spirits storage areas not related to the beverage storage activities.

4101.1.1 Use period. Temporary heating and cooking, shall not be performed for a period of more than 180 days within a 12-month period on a single premises.

4101.8 Refueling of flammable and combustible liquid-fueled equipment. Refueling operations for liquid-fueled equipment or devices shall be conducted in accordance with Section 5705 and all of the following:

1. Refueling operations for liquid-fueled equipment or devices shall be conducted by trained personnel in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and this code.

2. The equipment or device shall be turned off and allowed to cool prior to refueling.

3. Refueling operations shall be conducted in a well-ventilated area at a minimum of 10 feet (3048 mm) from any building or structure.

4106.1 General. Mobile food preparation vehicles that are equipped with appliances that produce smoke or grease-laden vapors or utilize LP-gas systems or CNG systems for the purpose of preparing, cooking, or serving food shall comply with NFPA 96 and this section. Indoor use of mobile food preparation vehicles is prohibited unless approved by the fire code official.

4106.6 Solid fuel. The use of solid fuels within mobile food preparation vehicles shall have a listed carbon monoxide alarm installed per manufacturer's recommendations.

5306.1 General. Compressed gases at hospitals and similar facilities intended for inhalation or sedation including, but not limited to, analgesia systems for dentistry, podiatry, veterinary and similar uses shall comply with Sections 5306.2 through 5306.5 in addition to other requirements of this chapter.

((5306.5 Medical gas systems. The maintenance and testing of medical gas systems including, but not limited to, distribution piping, supply manifolds, connections, pressure regulators and relief devices and valves, shall comply with the maintenance and testing requirements of NFPA 99 and the general provisions of this chapter.))

5704.2.11 Underground tanks. Underground storage of flammable and combustible liquids in tanks shall comply with Section 5704.2 and Sections 5704.2.11.1 through ((5704.2.11.4.2))5704.2.11.4.1. Corrosion protection shall comply with WAC 173-360-305.

5706.5.4.5 Commercial, industrial, governmental or manufacturing. Dispensing of Class II and III motor vehicle fuel from tank vehicles into the fuel tanks of motor vehicles located at commercial, industrial, governmental or manufacturing establishments is allowed where ((permitted))approved, provided such dispensing operations are conducted in accordance with the following: (Those sections not noted here remain unchanged.)

12. Fuel delivery vehicles shall be equipped with spill clean-up supplies in accordance with the department of ecology's Source Control Best Management Practices. Such supplies shall be readily available for deployment by the operator at all times and include nonwater absorbents capable of absorbing 15 gallons (56.76 L) of diesel fuel, storm drain plug or cover kit, a nonwater absorbent containment boom of a minimum 10 foot long (3038 mm) length with a 12-gallon (45.41 L) absorbent capacity, a nonmetallic shovel, and two 5-gallon (19 L) buckets with lids.

((5707.1 General. On-demand mobile fueling operations that dispense Class I, II and III liquids into the fuel tanks of motor vehicles shall comply with Sections 5707.1 through 5707.6.6.

5707.1.2))5707.1.3 Coordination of permits.Permits across multiple authorities having jurisdiction shall be coordinated in accordance with Sections ((5707.1.2.1 through 5707.1.2.4))5707.1.3.1 through 5707.1.3.4.

((5707.1.2.1))5707.1.3.1 Acceptance of permits issued by other authorities having jurisdiction. Local authorities having jurisdiction that allow mobile on demand fueling trucks may accept conforming permits issued and/or inspections performed by any other local authorities having jurisdiction in Washington state. Local authorities having jurisdiction that choose to accept conforming permits issued by other local authorities having jurisdiction in Washington state retain the right to enforce the provisions of this section.

((5707.1.2.2))5707.1.3.2 Local authorities having jurisdiction not offering operator or truck certification. A conforming operator or vehicle permit issued by one local authority having jurisdiction shall be recognized and accepted by all local authorities having jurisdiction in Washington state, if those local authority having jurisdictions allow mobile on-demand fueling and do not offer such operator or truck certification. Under no circumstances will an issuing local authority having jurisdiction be expected to perform permissive inspections beyond their jurisdiction.

((5707.1.2.3))5707.1.3.3 Commencing permit issuance. When a local authority having jurisdiction that has previously authorized mobile fueling operations but not issued their own permits commences permit issuance for mobile fueling operations or vehicles, that local authority having jurisdiction shall continue to accept permits previously issued by another local authority having jurisdiction in Washington state for three months or until their expiration date, whichever is sooner.

((5707.1.2.4))5707.1.3.4 Permit record maintenance. Issuing local authorities having jurisdiction shall maintain a publicly available list of current permits or other information source to enable all parties to have information about whether permits are in good standing.

((5707.2 Mobile fueling vehicle. An on-demand mobile fueling vehicle shall be utilized in on-demand fueling operations for the dispensing of Class I, II or III liquids into the fuel tanks of motor vehicles and shall comply with Sections 5707.2.1 and 5707.2.2.

11. Scale of the site plan.))

5707.3.4 Tiered sites. Where a site permitting process is required by the local jurisdiction, a site shall be designated by the fire code official to be one of the following and based on local provisions as necessitated by zoning laws, environmental laws, public safety, and other characteristics.

5707.3.4.1 Tier 1 sites. Sites that do not present atypical geographic, safety or environmental concerns shall be provided expedited permitting review and shall allow permit issuance prior to site inspection. The fire code official may impose additional conditions and may perform a site inspection during the period of permit validity.

5707.3.4.2 Tier 2 sites. Sites that require an inspection shall be approved by the fire code official prior to permit issuance.

((5707.4 Mobile fueling areas. During fueling, the mobile fueling vehicle and point of connection of the vehicle being fueled shall not be located on public streets, public ways or inside buildings. Fueling on the roof level of parking structures or other buildings is prohibited.

5707.6.4 Vehicle lights. The mobile fueling vehicle flasher lights shall be in operation while dispensing operations are in progress.))

5707.6.5 Nighttime deliveries. Nighttime deliveries shall only be made in areas adequately lighted per WAC 296-800-21005.

((5707.6.6 Spill reporting. Spills shall be reported in accordance with Section 5003.3.1.))

ISO 7010:2019 Graphical Symbols - Safety Colours and Safety Signs - Registered Safety Signs . . . .1013.6.1.1

NFPA ((13-19))13-22: Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems (except 9.3.6.3(5)) . . . .903.3.1.1,

903.3.2, 903.3.8.2, 903.3.8.5, 904.13, 905.3.4, 907.6.4, 914.3.2, 1019.3, 1103.4.8, 3201.1, 3204.2, 3205.5, Table 3206.2, 3206.4.1, 3206.10, 3207.2, 3207.2.1, 3208.2.2, 3208.2.2.1, 3208.4, 3210.1, 3401.1, 5104.1, 5104.1.1, 5106.5.7, 5704.3.3.9, Table 5704.3.6.3(7), 5704.3.7.5.1, 5704.3.8.4

NFPA ((33-18 Membrane Enclosures))33-21 Standard for Spray Application using flammable or combustible materials. . . .2404.3.5

NFPA 96-21 Standard for Ventilation Control and Fire Protection of Commercial Cooking Operations . . . . 606.2,

606.3, 904.13

NFPA ((130-20))130-23 Standard for Fixed Guideway Transit and Passenger Rail Systems . . . . 4901.1

NFPA 855-23 Standard for the Installation of Stationary Energy Storage Systems . . . . 1201.1

UL 142A-2018: Special Purpose Above ground Tanks for Specific Flammable or Combustible Liquids . . . .605.4

UL 2272-2016: Electrical Systems for Personal E-Mobility

Devices . . . .((323.2))322.3

UL 2849-2020: Electrical Systems for eBikes . . . .((323.2))322.3