Purpose: Chapter 296-24 WAC, Part B-2, Safety color code for marking physical hazards, WAC 296-155-300 Accident prevention signs and tags, and chapter 296-800 WAC, Safety and health core rules. The department has rewritten and clarified the requirements relating to signs and color codes. This rule making is part of our goal to rewrite all of WISHA's general occupational safety and health rules for clarity. The department is moving the requirements relating to biological hazards into WAC 296-800-11045 Protect employees from biological hazards and eliminating unnecessary and outdated requirements. No new requirements were added. In addition, the department is updating references in other WISHA rules.

     Citation of Existing Rules Affected by this Order: Amending WAC 296-24-33009 Container and portable tank storage, 296-24-37013 Operations and maintenance, 296-24-980 Safeguards for personnel protection, 296-78-71001 General, 296-301-020 General safety requirements, 296-800-11045 Protect employees from biological agents and 296-800-35052 Tag cited moveable equipment to warn employees of a hazard; and repealing WAC 296-24-135 Safety color code for marking physical hazards, 296-24-13501 Color identification, 296-24-140 Specification for accident prevention signs and tags, 296-24-14001 Scope, 296-24-14003 Definitions, 296-24-14005 Classification of signs according to use, 296-24-14007 Sign design and colors, 296-24-14009 Sign wordings, 296-24-14011 Accident prevention tags, and 296-155-300 Accident prevention signs and tags.

     Statutory Authority for Adoption: RCW 49.17.010, 49.17.040, 49.17.050, 49.17.060.

      Adopted under notice filed as WSR 04-12-069 on June 1, 2004.

     Number of Sections Adopted in Order to Comply with Federal Statute: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0; Federal Rules or Standards: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0; or Recently Enacted State Statutes: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0.

     Number of Sections Adopted at Request of a Nongovernmental Entity: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0.

     Number of Sections Adopted on the Agency's Own Initiative: New 0, Amended 7, Repealed 10.

     Number of Sections Adopted in Order to Clarify, Streamline, or Reform Agency Procedures: New 0, Amended 7, Repealed 10.

     Number of Sections Adopted Using Negotiated Rule Making: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0;      Pilot Rule Making: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0; or Other Alternative Rule Making: New 0, Amended 7, Repealed 10.

     Date Adopted: August 31, 2004.

Paul Trause

Director

OTS-7211.1

AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 01-17-033, filed 8/8/01, effective 9/1/01)

WAC 296-24-33009   Container and portable tank storage.   (1) Scope.

     (a) General. This section shall apply only to the storage of flammable or combustible liquids in drums or other containers (including flammable aerosols) not exceeding 60 gallons individual capacity and those portable tanks not exceeding 660 gallons individual capacity.

     (b) Exceptions. This section shall not apply to the following:

     (i) Storage of containers in bulk plants, service stations, refineries, chemical plants, and distilleries;

     (ii) Class I or Class II liquids in the fuel tanks of a motor vehicle, aircraft, boat, or portable or stationary engine;

     (iii) Flammable or combustible paints, oils, varnishes, and similar mixtures used for painting or maintenance when not kept for a period in excess of 30 days;

     (iv) Beverages when packaged in individual containers not exceeding 1 gallon in size.

     (2) Design, construction, and capacity of containers.

     (a) General. Only approved containers and portable tanks shall be used. Metal containers and portable tanks meeting the requirements of and containing products authorized by Chapter I, Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations -October 1, 1972, (regulations issued by the hazardous materials regulations board, department of transportation), shall be deemed to be acceptable.

     (b) Emergency venting. Each portable tank shall be provided with one or more devices installed in the top with sufficient emergency venting capacity to limit internal pressure under fire exposure conditions to 10 p.s.i.g., or 30 percent of the bursting pressure of the tank, whichever is greater. The total venting capacity shall be not less than that specified in WAC 296-24-33005 (2)(e)(iii) or (v). At least one pressure-actuated vent having a minimum capacity of 6,000 cubic feet of free air (14.7 p.s.i.a. and 60°F) shall be used. It shall be set to open at not less than 5 p.s.i.g. If fusible vents are used, they shall be actuated by elements that operate at a temperature not exceeding 300°F.

TABLE H-12
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE SIZE OF
CONTAINERS AND PORTABLE TANKS

     (i) Medicines, beverages, foodstuffs, cosmetics and other common consumer items, when packaged according to commonly accepted practices, shall be exempt from the requirements of (4)(a) and (b) of this section.

     (c) Size. Flammable and combustible liquid containers shall be in accordance with Table H-12, except that glass or plastic containers of no more than 1-gallon capacity may be used for a Class IA or IB flammable liquid if:

     (i) Such liquid either would be rendered unfit for its intended use by contact with metal or would excessively corrode a metal container so as to create a leakage hazard; and

     (ii) The user's process either would require more than 1 pint of Class IA liquid or more than 1 quart of a Class IB liquid of a single assay lot to be used at one time, or would require the maintenance of an analytical standard liquid of a quality which is not met by the specified standards of liquids available, and the quantity of the analytical standard liquid required to be used in any one control process exceeds one-sixteenth the capacity of the container allowed under Table H-12 for the class of liquid; or

     (iii) The containers are intended for direct export outside the United States.

     (3) Design, construction, and capacity of storage cabinets.

     (a) Maximum capacity. Not more than 60 gallons of Class I or Class II liquids, nor more than 120 gallons of Class III liquids may be stored in a storage cabinet.

     (b) Fire resistance. Storage cabinets shall be designed and constructed to limit the internal temperature to not more than 325°F when subjected to a 10-minute fire test using the standard time-temperature curve as set forth in Standard Methods of Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials, NFPA 251-1969. All joints and seams shall remain tight and the door shall remain securely closed during the fire test. Cabinets shall be labeled "Flammable -- Keep fire away((," to meet specifications set forth in WAC 296-24-140.))."

     (i) Metal cabinets constructed in the following manner shall be deemed to be in compliance. The bottom, top, door, and sides of cabinet shall be at least No. 18 gage sheet iron and double walled with 1 1/2-inch air space. Joints shall be riveted, welded or made tight by some equally effective means. The door shall be provided with a three-point lock, and the door sill shall be raised at least 2 inches above the bottom of the cabinet.

     (ii) Wooden cabinets constructed in the following manner shall be deemed in compliance. The bottom, sides, and top shall be constructed of an approved grade of plywood at least 1 inch in thickness, which shall not break down or delaminate under fire conditions. All joints shall be rabbetted and shall be fastened in two directions with flathead woodscrews. When more than one door is used, there shall be a rabbetted overlap of not less than 1 inch. Hinges shall be mounted in such a manner as not to lose their holding capacity due to loosening or burning out of the screws when subjected to the fire test.

     (4) Design and construction of inside storage rooms.

     (a) Construction. Inside storage rooms shall be constructed to meet the required fire-resistive rating for their use. Such construction shall comply with the test specifications set forth in Standard Methods of Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials, NFPA 251-1969. Where an automatic sprinkler system is provided, the system shall be designed and installed in an acceptable manner. Openings to other rooms or buildings shall be provided with noncombustible liquid-tight raised sills or ramps at least 4 inches in height, or the floor in the storage area shall be at least 4 inches below the surrounding floor. Openings shall be provided with approved self-closing fire doors. The room shall be liquid tight where the walls join the floor. A permissible alternate to the sill or ramp is an open-grated trench inside of the room which drains to a safe location. Where other portions of the building or other properties are exposed, windows shall be protected as set forth in the Standard for Fire Doors and Windows, NFPA No. 80-1968, for Class E or F openings. Wood at least 1 inch nominal thickness may be used for shelving, racks, dunnage, scuffboards, floor overlay, and similar installations.

     (b) Rating and capacity. Storage in inside storage rooms shall comply with Table H-13.

TABLE H-13

STORAGE IN INSIDE ROOMS

Fire protection* provided		Fire resistance	Maximum size	Total allowable quantities (gals./sq. Ft./floor area)
Yes —————–		2 hours —————	500 sq.ft. ————————		10
No —————–		2 hours —————	500 sq.ft. ————————		4
Yes —————–		1 hour —————–	150 sq.ft. ————————		5
No —————–		1 hour —————–	150 sq.ft. ————————		2
*	Fire protection system shall be sprinkler, water spray, carbon dioxide, or other system.

     (c) Wiring. Electrical wiring and equipment within inside storage rooms used to store Class I liquids shall comply with the provisions of chapter 296-24 WAC Part L for Class I, Division 2 locations. For inside storage rooms used to store Class II and III liquids the pertinent provisions chapter 296-24 WAC Part L apply.

     (d) Ventilation. Every inside storage room shall be provided with either a gravity or a mechanical exhaust ventilation system. Such system shall be designed to provide for a complete change of air within the room at least six times per hour. If a mechanical exhaust system is used, it shall be controlled by a switch located outside of the door. The ventilating equipment and any lighting fixtures shall be operated by the same switch. A pilot light shall be installed adjacent to the switch if Class I flammable liquids are dispensed within the room. Where gravity ventilation is provided, the fresh air intake, as well as the exhaust outlet from the room, shall be on the exterior of the building in which the room is located.

     (e) Storage in inside storage rooms. In every inside storage room there shall be maintained one clear aisle at least 3 feet wide. Containers over 30 gallons capacity shall not be stacked one upon the other. Dispensing shall be by approved pump or self-closing faucet only.

     (5) Storage inside building.

     (a) Egress. Flammable or combustible liquids, including stock for sale, shall not be stored so as to limit use of exits, stairways, or areas normally used for the safe egress of people.

     (b) Containers. The storage of flammable or combustible liquids in containers or portable tanks shall comply with (4)(c) through (e) of this section.

     (c) Office occupancies. Storage shall be prohibited except that which is required for maintenance and operation of building and operation of equipment. Such storage shall be kept in closed metal containers stored in a storage cabinet or in safety cans or in an inside storage room not having a door that opens into that portion of the building used by the public.

     (d) Mercantile occupancies and other retail stores.

     (i) In rooms or areas accessible to the public, storage shall be limited to quantities needed for display and normal merchandising purposes but shall not exceed 2 gallons per square foot of gross floor area. The gross floor area used for computing the maximum quantity permitted shall be considered as that portion of the store actually being used for merchandising flammable and combustible liquids.

     (ii) Where the aggregate quantity of additional stock exceeds 60 gallons of Class IA, or 120 gallons of Class IB, or 180 gallons of Class IC, or 240 gallons of Class II, or 500 gallons of Class III liquids, or any combination of Class I and Class II liquids exceeding 240 gallons, it shall be stored in a room or portion of the building that complies with the construction provisions for an inside storage room as prescribed in (4) of this section. For water miscible liquids, these quantities may be doubled.

     (iii) Containers in a display area shall not be stacked more than 3 feet or two containers high, whichever is the greater, unless the stacking is done on fixed shelving or is otherwise satisfactorily secured.

     (iv) Shelving shall be of stable construction, of sufficient depth and arrangement such that containers displayed thereon shall not be easily displaced.

     (v) Leaking containers shall be removed to a storage room or taken to a safe location outside the building and the contents transferred to an undamaged container.

     (e) General purpose public warehouses. Storage shall be in accordance with Table H-14 or H-15 and in buildings or in portions of such buildings cut off by standard firewalls. Material creating no fire exposure hazard to the flammable or combustible liquids may be stored in the same area.

TABLE H-14

INDOOR CONTAINER STORAGE

Note 1:	When 2 or more classes of materials are stored in a single pile, the maximum gallonage permitted in that pile shall be the smallest of the 2 or more separate maximum gallonages.
Note 2:	Aisles shall be provided so that no container is more than 12 ft. from an aisle. Main aisles shall be at least 8 ft. wide and side aisles at least 4 ft. wide.
	(Numbers in parentheses indicate corresponding number of 55-gal. drums.)
Note 3:	Each pile shall be separated from each other by at least 4 ft.

TABLE H-15

INDOOR PORTABLE TANK STORAGE

Class liquid	Storage level		Protected storage maximum per pile			Unprotected storage maximum per pile
			Gal.	Ht.			Gal.	Ht.
IA ——	Ground and upper floors ————		Not permitted			Not permitted
	Basement —————–		Not permitted			Not permitted
IB ——	Ground and upper floors ————		20,000	7ft.			2,000	7 ft.
	Basement —————–		Not permitted			Not permitted
IC ——	Ground and upper floors ————		40,000	14 ft			5,500	7 ft.
	Basement —————–		Not permitted			Not permitted
II ——–	Ground and upper floors ————		40,000	14 ft.			5,500	7 ft.
	Basement —————–		20,000	7 ft.		Not permitted
III ——	Ground and upper floors ————		60,000	14 ft.			22,000	7 ft.
	Basement —————–		20,000	7 ft.		Not permitted

Note 1:	When 2 or more classes of materials are stored in a single pile, the maximum gallonage permitted in that pile shall be the smallest of the 2 or more separate maximum gallonages.
Note 2:	Aisles shall be provided so that no portable tank is more than 12 ft. from an aisle. Main aisles shall be at least 8 ft. wide and side aisles at least 4 ft. wide.
Note 3:	Each pile shall be separated from each other by at least 4 ft.

     (f) Flammable and combustible liquid warehouses or storage buildings.

     (i) If the storage building is located 50 feet or less from a building or line of adjoining property that may be built upon, the exposing wall shall be a blank wall having a fire-resistance rating of at least 2 hours.

     (ii) The total quantity of liquids within a building shall not be restricted, but the arrangement of storage shall comply with Table H-14 or H-15.

     (iii) Containers in piles shall be separated by pallets or dunnage where necessary to provide stability and to prevent excessive stress on container walls.

     (iv) Portable tanks stored over one tier high shall be designed to nest securely, without dunnage and adequate materials handling equipment shall be available to handle tanks safely at the upper tier level.

     (v) No pile shall be closer than 3 feet to the nearest beam, chord, girder, or other obstruction, and shall be 3 feet below sprinkler deflectors or discharge orifices of water spray, or other overhead fire protection systems.

     (vi) Aisles of at least 3 feet wide shall be provided where necessary for reasons of access to doors, windows or standpipe connections.

     (6) Storage outside buildings.

     (a) General. Storage outside buildings shall be in accordance with Table H-16 or H-17, and (6)(b) and (d) of this section.

TABLE H-16

OUTDOOR CONTAINER STORAGE

1 Class		2 Maximum per pile (see note 1)	3 Distance between piles (see note 2)		4 Distance to property line that can be built upon (see notes 3 & 4)		5 Distance to street, alley, public way (see note 4)
		gal.	ft.		ft.		ft.
IA ——————		1,100	5		20		10
IB ——————		2,200	5		20		10
IC ——————		4,400	5		20		10
II ——————–		8,800	5		10		5
III ——————		22,000	5		10		5

Note 1:	When 2 or more classes of materials are stored in a single pile, the maximum gallonage in that pile shall be the smallest of the 2 or more separate gallonages.
Note 2:	Within 200 ft. of each container, there shall be 12-ft. wide access way to permit approach of fire control apparatus.
Note 3:	The distances listed apply to properties that have protection for exposures as defined. If there are exposures, and such protection for exposures does not exist, the distances in column 4 shall be doubled.
Note 4:	When total quantity stored does not exceed 50 percent of maximum per pile, the distances in columns 4 and 5 may be reduced 50 percent, but not less than 3 ft.

     (b) Maximum storage. A maximum of 1,100 gallons of flammable or combustible liquids may be located adjacent to buildings located on the same premises and under the same management provided the provisions of (6)(b)(i) and (ii) are complied with.

     (i) The building shall be a one-story building devoted principally to the handling and storing of flammable or combustible liquids or the building shall have 2 hour fire-resistive exterior walls having no opening within 10 feet of such storage.

     (ii) Where quantity stored exceeds 1,100 gallons, or provisions of (6)(b)(i) cannot be met, a minimum distance of 10 feet between buildings and nearest container of flammable or combustible liquid shall be maintained.

TABLE H-17

OUTDOOR PORTABLE TANK STORAGE

Note 1:	When 2 or more classes of materials are stored in a single pile, the maximum gallonage in that pile shall be the smallest of the 2 or more separate gallonages.
Note 2:	Within 200 ft. of each portable tank, there shall be a 12-ft. wide access way to permit approach of fire control apparatus.
Note 3:	The distances listed apply to properties that have protection for exposures as defined. If there are exposures, and such protection for exposures does not exist, the distances in column 4 shall be doubled.
Note 4:	When total quantity stored does not exceed 50 percent of maximum per pile, the distances in columns 4 and 5 may be reduced 50 percent, but not less than 3 ft.

     (c) Spill containment. The storage area shall be graded in a manner to divert possible spills away from buildings or other exposures or shall be surrounded by a curb at least 6 inches high. When curbs are used, provisions shall be made for draining of accumulations of ground or rain water or spills of flammable or combustible liquids. Drains shall terminate at a safe location and shall be accessible to operation under fire conditions.

     (d) Security. The storage area shall be protected against tampering or trespassers where necessary and shall be kept free of weeds, debris and other combustible material not necessary to the storage.

     (7) Fire control.

     (a) Extinguishers. Suitable fire control devices, such as small hose or portable fire extinguishers, shall be available at locations where flammable or combustible liquids are stored.

     (i) At least one portable fire extinguisher having a rating of not less than 12-B units shall be located outside of, but not more than 10 feet from, the door opening into any room used for storage.

     (ii) At least one portable fire extinguisher having a rating of not less than 12-B units must be located not less than 10 feet, nor more than 25 feet, from any Class I or Class II liquid storage area located outside of a storage room but inside a building.

Note:

For additional requirements relating to portable fire extinguishers see WAC 296-800-300.

     (b) Sprinklers. When sprinklers are provided, they shall be installed in accordance with chapter 296-24 WAC, Part G-3.

     (c) Open flames and smoking. Open flames and smoking shall not be permitted in flammable or combustible liquid storage areas.

     (d) Water reactive materials. Materials which will react with water shall not be stored in the same room with flammable or combustible liquids.

[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, [49.17].040, and [49.17].050. 01-17-033, § 296-24-33009, filed 8/8/01, effective 9/1/01. Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. 94-15-096 (Order 94-07), § 296-24-33009, filed 7/20/94, effective 9/20/94; 91-24-017 (Order 91-07), § 296-24-33009, filed 11/22/91, effective 12/24/91. Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.040 and 49.17.050. 85-10-004 (Order 85-09), § 296-24-33009, filed 4/19/85; Order 76-6, § 296-24-33009, filed 3/1/76; Order 74-27, § 296-24-33009, filed 5/7/74; Order 73-5, § 296-24-33009, filed 5/9/73 and Order 73-4, § 296-24-33009, filed 5/7/73.]

     (2) Cleaning. All spraying areas shall be kept as free from the accumulation of deposits of combustible residues as practical, with cleaning conducted daily if necessary. Scrapers, spuds, or other such tools used for cleaning purposes shall be of nonsparking material.

     (3) Residue disposal. Residue scrapings and debris contaminated with residue shall be immediately removed from the premises and properly disposed of. Approved metal waste cans shall be provided wherever rags or waste are impregnated with finishing material and all such rags or waste deposited therein immediately after use. The contents of waste cans shall be properly disposed of at least once daily or at the end of each shift.

     (4) Clothing storage. Spray finishing employees' clothing shall not be left on the premises overnight unless kept in metal lockers.

     (5) Cleaning solvents. The use of solvents for cleaning operations shall be restricted to those having flashpoints not less than 100°F; however, for cleaning spray nozzles and auxiliary equipment, solvents having flashpoints not less than those normally used in spray operations may be used. Such cleaning shall be conducted inside spray booths and ventilating equipment operated during cleaning.

     (6) Hazardous materials combinations. Spray booths shall not be alternately used for different types of coating materials, where the combination of the materials may be conducive to spontaneous ignition, unless all deposits of the first used material are removed from the booth and exhaust ducts prior to spraying with the second used material.

     (7) "No smoking" signs. "No smoking" signs in large letters on contrasting color background shall be conspicuously posted at all spraying areas and paint storage rooms. (((See WAC 296-24-140.)))

[Order 73-5, § 296-24-37013, filed 5/9/73 and Order 73-4, § 296-24-37013, filed 5/7/73.]

     (a) Personal protective equipment.

     (i) Employees working in areas where there are potential electrical hazards shall be provided with, and shall use, electrical protective equipment that is appropriate for the specific parts of the body to be protected and for the work to be performed.

Note:

Personal protective equipment requirements are contained in chapter 296-24 WAC Part L, and WAC 296-800-160.

     (ii) Protective equipment shall be maintained in a safe, reliable condition and shall be periodically inspected or tested, as required by chapter 296-24 WAC Part L, and WAC 296-800-160.

     (iii) If the insulating capability of protective equipment may be subject to damage during use, the insulating material shall be protected. (For example, an outer covering of leather is sometimes used for the protection of rubber insulating material.)

     (iv) Employees shall wear nonconductive head protection wherever there is a danger of head injury from electric shock or burns due to contact with exposed energized parts.

     (v) Employees shall wear protective equipment for the eyes or face wherever there is danger of injury to the eyes or face from electric arcs or flashes or from flying objects resulting from electrical explosion.

     (b) General protective equipment and tools.

     (i) When working near exposed energized conductors or circuit parts, each employee shall use insulated tools or handling equipment if the tools or handling equipment might make contact with such conductors or parts. If the insulating capability of insulated tools or handling equipment is subject to damage, the insulating material shall be protected.

     (A) Fuse handling equipment, insulated for the circuit voltage, shall be used to remove or install fuses when the fuse terminals are energized.

     (B) Ropes and handlines used near exposed energized parts shall be nonconductive.

     (ii) Protective shields, protective barriers, or insulating materials shall be used to protect each employee from shock, burns, or other electrically related injuries while that employee is working near exposed energized parts which might be accidentally contacted or where dangerous electric heating or arcing might occur. When normally enclosed live parts are exposed for maintenance or repair, they shall be guarded to protect unqualified persons from contact with the live parts.

     (2) Alerting techniques. The following alerting techniques shall be used to warn and protect employees from hazards which could cause injury due to electric shock, burns, or failure of electric equipment parts:

     (a) Safety signs and tags. Safety signs, safety symbols, or accident prevention tags shall be used where necessary to warn employees about electrical hazards which may endanger them((, as required by chapter 296-24 WAC Part B-2)).

     (b) Barricades. Barricades shall be used in conjunction with safety signs where it is necessary to prevent or limit employee access to work areas exposing employees to uninsulated energized conductors or circuit parts. Conductive barricades may not be used where they might cause an electrical contact hazard.

     (c) Attendants. If signs and barricades do not provide sufficient warning and protection from electrical hazards, an attendant shall be stationed to warn and protect employees.

     (3) Design requirements. Insulating blankets, matting, covers, line hose, gloves, and sleeves made of rubber shall meet the following requirements:

     (a) Manufacture and marking.

     (i) Blankets, gloves, and sleeves shall be produced by a seamless process.

     (ii) Each item shall be clearly marked as follows:

     (A) Class 0 equipment shall be marked Class 0.

     (B) Class 1 equipment shall be marked Class 1.

     (C) Class 2 equipment shall be marked Class 2.

     (D) Class 3 equipment shall be marked Class 3.

     (E) Class 4 equipment shall be marked Class 4.

     (F) Nonozone-resistant equipment other than matting shall be marked Type I.

     (G) Ozone-resistant equipment other than matting shall be marked Type II.

     (H) Other relevant markings, such as the manufacturer's identification and the size of the equipment, may also be provided.

     (iii) Markings shall be nonconducting and shall be applied in such a manner as not to impair the insulating qualities of the equipment.

     (iv) Markings on gloves shall be confined to the cuff portion of the glove.

     (b) Electrical requirements.

     (i) Equipment shall be capable of withstanding the a-c proof-test voltage specified in Table A-2 or the d-c proof-test voltage specified in Table A-3.

     (A) The proof-test shall reliably indicate that the equipment can withstand the voltage involved.

     (B) The test voltage shall be applied continuously for three minutes for equipment other than matting and shall be applied continuously for one minute for matting.

     (C) Gloves shall also be capable of withstanding the a-c proof-test voltage specified in Table A-2 after a sixteen-hour water soak. (See the note following (c)(ii)(B) of this subsection.)

     (ii) When the a-c proof-test is used on gloves, the 60 hertz proof-test current may not exceed the values specified in Table A-2 at any time during the test period.

     (A) If the a-c proof-test is made at a frequency other than 60 hertz, the permissible proof-test current shall be computed from the direct ratio of the frequencies.

     (B) For the test, gloves (right side out) shall be filled with tap water and immersed in water to a depth that is in accordance with Table A-4. Water shall be added to or removed from the glove, as necessary, so that the water level is the same inside and outside the glove.

     (C) After the sixteen-hour water soak specified in (b)(i)(C) of this subsection, the 60-hertz proof-test current may exceed the values given in Table A-2 by not more than 2 milliamperes.

     (iii) Equipment that has been subjected to a minimum breakdown voltage test may not be used for electrical protection. (See the note following (c)(ii)(B) of this subsection.)

     (iv) Material used for Type II insulating equipment shall be capable of withstanding an ozone test, with no visible effects. The ozone test shall reliably indicate that the material will resist ozone exposure in actual use. Any visible signs of ozone deterioration of the material, such as checking, cracking, breaks, or pitting, is evidence of failure to meet the requirements for ozone-resistant material. (See the note following (c)(ii)(B) of this subsection.)

     (c) Workmanship and finish.

     (i) Equipment shall be free of harmful physical irregularities that can be detected by the tests or inspections required under this section.

     (ii) Surface irregularities that may be present on all rubber goods because of imperfections on forms or molds or because of inherent difficulties in the manufacturing process and that may appear as indentations, protuberances, or imbedded foreign material are acceptable under the following conditions:

     (A) The indentation or protuberance blends into a smooth slope when the material is stretched.

     (B) Foreign material remains in place when the insulating material is folded and stretches with the insulating material surrounding it.

Note:

Rubber insulating equipment meeting the following national consensus standards is deemed to be in compliance with subsection (1) of this section:

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D 120-87, Specification for Rubber Insulating Gloves.

ASTM D 178-93, Specification for Rubber Insulating Matting.

ASTM D 1048-93, Specification for Rubber Insulating Blankets.

ASTM D 1049-93, Specification for Rubber Insulating Covers.

ASTM D 1050-90, Specification for Rubber Insulating Line Hose.

ASTM D 1051-87, Specification for Rubber Insulating Sleeves.

These standards contain specifications for conducting the various tests required in subsection (1) of this section. For example, the a-c and d-c proof-tests, the breakdown test, the water soak procedure, and the ozone test mentioned in this paragraph are described in detail in the ASTM standards.

     (4) In-service care and use.

     (a) Electrical protective equipment shall be maintained in a safe, reliable condition.

     (b) The following specific requirements apply to insulating blankets, covers, line hose, gloves, and sleeves made of rubber:

     (i) Maximum use voltages shall conform to those listed in Table A-5.

     (ii) Insulating equipment shall be inspected for damage before each day's use and immediately following any incident that can reasonably be suspected of having caused damage. Insulating gloves shall be given an air test, along with the inspection.

     (iii) Insulating equipment with any of the following defects may not be used:

     (A) A hole, tear, puncture, or cut;

     (B) Ozone cutting or ozone checking (the cutting action produced by ozone on rubber under mechanical stress into a series of interlacing cracks);

     (C) An embedded foreign object;

     (D) Any of the following texture changes: Swelling, softening, hardening, or becoming sticky or inelastic.

     (E) Any other defect that damages the insulating properties.

     (iv) Insulating equipment found to have other defects that might affect its insulating properties shall be removed from service and returned for testing under (b)(viii) and (ix) of this subsection.

     (v) Insulating equipment shall be cleaned as needed to remove foreign substances.

     (vi) Insulating equipment shall be stored in such a location and in such a manner as to protect it from light, temperature extremes, excessive humidity, ozone, and other injurious substances and conditions.

     (vii) Protector gloves shall be worn over insulating gloves.

     (viii) Electrical protective equipment shall be subjected to periodic electrical tests. Test voltages and the maximum intervals between tests shall be in accordance with Table A-5 and Table A-6.

     (ix) The test method used under (b)(viii) and (xi) of this subsection shall reliably indicate whether the insulating equipment can withstand the voltages involved.

Note:

Standard electrical test methods considered as meeting this requirement are given in the following national consensus standards:

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D 120-87, Specification for Rubber Insulating Gloves.

ASTM D 1048-93, Specification for Rubber Insulating Blankets.

ASTM D 1049-93, Specification for Rubber Insulating Covers.

ASTM D 1050-90, Specification for Rubber Insulating Line Hose.

ASTM D 1051-87, Specification for Rubber Insulating Sleeves.

ASTM F 478-92, Specification for In-Service Care of Insulating Line Hose and Covers.

ASTM F 479-88a, Specification for In-Service Care of Insulating Blankets.

ASTM F 496-93b, Specification for In-Service Care of Insulating Gloves and Sleeves.

     (x) Insulating equipment failing to pass inspections or electrical tests shall not be used by employees, except as follows:

     (A) Rubber insulating line hose could be used in shorter lengths with the defective portion cut off.

     (B) Rubber insulating blankets could be repaired using a compatible patch that results in physical and electrical properties equal to those of the blanket.

     (C) Rubber insulating blankets could be salvaged by severing the defective area from the undamaged portion of the blanket. The resulting undamaged area shall not be smaller than twenty-two inches by twenty-two inches (560 mm by 560 mm) for Class 1, 2, 3, and 4 blankets.

     (xi) Repaired insulating equipment shall be retested before it may be used by employees.

     (xii) The employer shall certify that equipment has been tested in accordance with the requirements of (b)(viii), (ix), and (xi) of this subsection. The certification shall identify the equipment that passed the test and the date it was tested.

Note:

Marking of equipment and entering the results of the tests and the dates of testing onto logs are two acceptable means of meeting this requirement.

Table A-2. -A-C Proof-Test Requirements Maximum proof-test current, mA (gloves only)	Proof-test voltage rms V		267-mm (10.5-in) glove	356-mm (14-in) glove	406-mm (16-in) glove	457-mm (18-in) glove
Class of equipment
0	5,000		8	12	14	16
1	10,000			14	16	18
2	20,000			16	18	20
3	30,000			18	20	22
4	40,000				22	24

Table A-3. -D-C Proof-Test Requirements	Class of equipment	Proof-test voltage
	0	20,000
	1	40,000
	2	50,000
	3	60,000
	4	70,000

Note:

The d-c voltages listed in this table are not appropriate for proof-testing rubber insulating line hose or covers. For this equipment, d-c proof-tests shall use a voltage high enough to indicate that the equipment can be safely used at the voltages listed in Table A-4. See ASTM D 1050-90 and ASTM D 1049-88 for further information on proof-tests for rubber insulating line hose and covers.

Table A-4. -Glove Tests-Water Level1, 2 Class of glove	mm.	A-C proof-test in.	mm.	D-C proof-test in.
0	38	1.5	38	1.5
1	38	1.5	51	2.0
2	64	2.5	76	3.0
3	89	3.5	102	4.0
4	127	5.0	153	6.0

1	The water level is given as the clearance from the cuff of the glove to the water line, with a tolerance of 13 mm. (0.5 in.).

2	If atmospheric conditions make the specified clearances impractical, the clearances may be increased by a maximum of 25 mm. (1 in.).

Table A-5. -Rubber Insulating Equipment Voltage Requirements Class of equipment	Maximum use voltage1 a-c-rms	Retest voltage2 a-c-rms	Retest voltage2 d-c-rms
0	1,000	5,000	20,000
1	7,500	10,000	40,000
2	17,000	20,000	50,000
3	26,500	30,000	60,000
4	36,000	40,000	70,000

Note:	Rubber gloves shall only be used on voltages of 5000 volts phase-to-phase or less.
	1The maximum use voltage is the a-c voltage (rms) classification of the protective equipment that designates the maximum nominal design/voltage of the energized system that may be safely worked. The nominal design voltage is equal to the phase-to-phase voltage on multiphase circuits. However, the phase-to-ground potential is considered to be the nominal design/voltage:
	1. If there is no multiphase exposure in a system area and if the voltage exposure is limited to the phase-to-ground potential, or
	2. If the electrical equipment and devices are insulated or isolated or both so that the multiphase exposure on a grounded wye circuit is removed.
	2 The proof-test voltage shall be applied continuously for at least one minute, but no more than three minutes.

Table A-6. -Rubber Insulating Equipment Test Intervals	Type of equipment	When to test
	Rubber insulating line hose	Upon indication that insulating value is suspect.
	Rubber insulating covers	Upon indication that insulating value is suspect.
	Rubber insulating blankets	Before first issue and every 12 months thereafter.1
	Rubber insulating gloves	Before first issue and every 6 months thereafter.1
	Rubber insulating sleeves	Before first issue and every 12 months thereafter.1

1	If the insulating equipment has been electrically tested but not issued for service, it may not be placed into service unless it has been electrically tested within the previous 12 months.

     (5) Where switches or fuses of more than 150 volts to ground are not guarded during ordinary operations, suitable insulating floors, mats or platforms shall be provided on which the operator must stand while handling the switches.

[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, [49.17].040, and [49.17].050. 01-11-038, § 296-24-980, filed 5/9/01, effective 9/1/01. Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. 91-24-017 (Order 91-07), § 296-24-980, filed 11/22/91, effective 12/24/91.]

     The following sections of the Washington Administrative Code are repealed:

WAC 296-24-135	Safety color code for marking physical hazards.
WAC 296-24-13501	Color identification.
WAC 296-24-140	Specifications for accident prevention signs and tags.
WAC 296-24-14001	Scope.
WAC 296-24-14003	Definitions.
WAC 296-24-14005	Classification of signs according to use.
WAC 296-24-14007	Sign design and colors.
WAC 296-24-14009	Sign wordings.
WAC 296-24-14011	Accident prevention tags.

OTS-7140.1

AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 03-06-076, filed 3/4/03, effective 8/1/03)

WAC 296-78-71001   General.   (1) Construction when not specifically covered in these standards shall be governed by such other standards adopted by the department of labor and industries as may apply.

     (2) All buildings, docks, tramways, walkways, log dumps and other structures shall be so designed, constructed, and maintained as to provide a safety factor of four. This means that all members shall be capable of supporting four times the maximum load to be imposed. This provision refers to buildings, docks and so forth designed and constructed subsequent to the effective date of these standards and also refers in all cases where either complete or major changes or repairs are made to such buildings, docks, tramways, walkways, log dumps and other structures.

     (3) Basements on ground floors under mills shall be evenly surfaced, free from unnecessary obstructions and debris, and provided with lighting facilities in compliance with the requirements of the safety and health core rules, WAC 296-800-210.

     (4) All engines, motors, transmission machinery or operating equipment installed in mill basements or ground floors shall be equipped with standard safeguards for the protection of workers.

     (5) ((Hazard marking. Physical hazard marking shall be as specified in WAC 296-24-13501 of the general safety and health standards.

     (6))) Flooring of buildings, ramps and walkways not subject to supporting motive equipment shall be of not less than two-inch wood planking or material of equivalent structural strength.

     (((7))) (6) Flooring of buildings, ramps, docks, trestles and other structure required to support motive equipment shall be of not less than full two and one-half inch wood planing or material of equivalent structural strength. However, where flooring is covered by steel floor plates, two inch wood planking or material or equivalent structural strength may be used.

     (((8))) (7) Walkways, docks, and platforms.

     (a) Walkways, docks and platforms shall be constructed and maintained in accordance with the requirements of WAC 296-24-735 through 296-24-75011 and WAC 296-800-270.

     (b) Maintenance. Walkways shall be evenly floored and kept in good repair.

     (c) Where elevated platforms are used they shall be equipped with stairways or ladders in accordance with WAC 296-24-765 through 296-24-81013, and WAC 296-800-250 and 296-800-290.

[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, 49.17.040, 49.17.050, and 49.17.060. 03-06-076, § 296-78-71001, filed 3/4/03, effective 8/1/03. Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, [49.17].040, and [49.17].050. 01-11-038, § 296-78-71001, filed 5/9/01, effective 9/1/01. Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.040, 49.17.050 and 49.17.240. 81-18-029 (Order 81-21), § 296-78-71001, filed 8/27/81.]

OTS-7213.1

REPEALER

     The following section of the Washington Administrative Code is repealed:

WAC 296-155-300

Accident prevention signs and tags.

OTS-7206.1

AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 01-11-038, filed 5/9/01, effective 9/1/01)

WAC 296-301-020   General safety requirements.   (1) Means of stopping machines. Every textile machine shall be provided with individual mechanical or electrical means for stopping such machines. On machines driven by belts and shafting a locking-type shifter or an equivalent positive device shall be used. On operations where injury to the operator might result if motors were to restart after power failures, provision shall be made to prevent machines from automatically restarting upon restoration of power.

     (2) Handles. Stopping and starting handles shall be designed to the proper length to prevent the worker's hand or fingers from striking against any revolving part, gear guard, or any other part of the machine.

     (3) Machine guarding. An employer must ensure that power transmission parts are guarded according to the requirements of WAC 296-24-205 through 296-24-20527.

     (4) Housekeeping. Aisles and working spaces shall be kept in good order in accordance with requirements of WAC 296-24-735 through 296-24-73505 and WAC 296-800-220.

     (5) Inspection and maintenance. All guards and other safety devices, including starting and stopping devices, shall be properly maintained.

     (6) Lighting and illumination. Lighting and illumination shall conform to the safety and health core rule book, WAC 296-800-210.

     (7) Identification of piping systems. Identification of piping systems shall conform to American National Standard A13.1-1956.

     (8) ((Identification of physical hazards. Identification of physical hazards shall be in accordance with the requirements of WAC 296-24-135 through 296-24-13503, of the general safety and health standards.

     (9))) Steam pipes. All pipes carrying steam or hot water for process or servicing machinery, when exposed to contact and located within seven feet of the floor or working platform shall be covered with a heat-insulating material, or guarded with equivalent protection.

[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, [49.17].040, and [49.17].050. 01-11-038, § 296-301-020, filed 5/9/01, effective 9/1/01; 99-17-094 and 99-22-093, § 296-301-020, filed 8/17/99 and 11/2/99, effective 1/1/00; 98-10-073, 98-24-120 and 99-12-091, § 296-301-020, filed 5/4/98, 12/2/98 and 6/1/99, effective 1/1/00; Order 74-19, § 296-301-020, filed 5/6/74.]

OTS-7090.1

AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 02-16-047, filed 8/1/02, effective 10/1/02)

WAC 296-800-11045   Protect employees from biological agents.  

     You must:

     ((•)) (1) Protect employees from exposure to hazardous concentrations of biological agents that may result from processing, handling or using materials or waste.

Note:	Potential exposure to biological agents occurs during cleanup, or other tasks, where employees handle:
	– Animals or animal waste
	– Body fluids
	– Biological agents in a medical research lab
	– Mold or mildew
	Check The Center of Disease Control website (www.cdc.gov) to find published guidelines and information on safe handling and protection from specific biological agents (examples: Hanta virus, TB).

     You must:

     (2) Warn employees of biohazards.

     • Use signs, tags, or labels to identify:

     – The actual or potential presence of a biohazard;

     AND

     – Equipment, containers, rooms, materials, experimental animals, or any combinations of these that contain viable hazardous agents.

     Definition:

     Biohazard means those infectious agents presenting a risk or potential risk of death, injury or illness to employees.

     You must:

     • Make sure the sign, tag, or label includes the biohazard symbol that is designed and proportioned in the illustration that follows.

Place illustration here.

     You must:

     • Make sure that there is sufficient contrast for the symbol to be clearly defined, if the sign, tag, or label has a background color.

    

Reference:

Additional requirements for biohazard signs, tags, and labels may apply. See WAC 296-823-14025 and 296-823-18040 of the Bloodborne Pathogens book.

Note:	• It's recommended that the sign, tag, or label have a key color of fluorescent orange or orange-red and lettering or symbols in a contrasting color.
	•Appropriate wording may be used in association with the symbol to indicate:
	– The nature or identity of the hazard;
	– Name of individual responsible for its control;
	– Precautionary information;
	OR
	– Other information.
	• This information should not be written on the symbol.

[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, [49.17].040, and [49.17].050. 02-16-047, § 296-800-11045, filed 8/1/02, effective 10/1/02.]

OTS-7207.1

AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 01-11-038, filed 5/9/01, effective 9/1/01)

WAC 296-800-35052   Tag cited moveable equipment to warn employees of a hazard.  

You must:

     • Tag cited moveable equipment to warn employees of a hazard if it has not been abated.

     – Attach a warning tag or a copy of the citation to the equipment's operating controls or to the cited component:

     – For hand-held equipment, tag it immediately after you receive a citation

     – For other equipment, tag it before moving it within the worksite or between worksites

     – The tag should properly warn employees about the nature of the violation and tell them where the citation is posted (see the Helpful Tools Section for a sample tag that can be used to meet this requirement)

     • Make sure that the tag or copy of the citation attached to movable equipment is not altered, defaced, or covered by other materials

     • Make sure that the tag or copy of the citation attached to movable equipment remains attached until:

     – You have abated the violation and submitted all abatement certification documents required by the department

     – You have permanently removed the cited equipment from service

     – You no longer have control over the cited equipment

     – A final order sets aside the violation

Note:

Chapter 296-155 WAC, Safety Standards for Construction Work ((and chapter 296-24 WAC, General Safety and Health Standards have)) has information on warning tags. You can use warning tags that meet the requirements in those rules instead of the warning tags required by this rule.

[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, [49.17].040, and [49.17].050. 01-11-038, § 296-800-35052, filed 5/9/01, effective 9/1/01.]

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