WSR 04-17-120

PROPOSED RULES

BUILDING CODE COUNCIL


[ Filed August 17, 2004, 1:53 p.m. ]

     Original Notice.

     Preproposal statement of inquiry was filed as WSR 04-13-073.

     Title of Rule and Other Identifying Information: Amendment of chapter 51-11 WAC, Washington State Energy Code.

     Hearing Location(s): Renton Holiday Inn Select, One South Grady Way, Renton, WA 98055-2500, on October 15, 2004, at 10:00 a.m.

     Date of Intended Adoption: November 12, 2004.

     Submit Written Comments to: Stan Price, Chair, Washington State Building Code Council, P.O. Box 42525, Olympia, WA 90504-2525 [98504-2525], e-mail sbcc@cted.wa.gov, fax (360) 586-9383, by October 15, 2004.

     Assistance for Persons with Disabilities: Contact Sue Mathers by October 1, 2004, TTY (360) 753-7427 or (360) 725-2967.

     Purpose of the Proposal and Its Anticipated Effects, Including Any Changes in Existing Rules: The purpose of the proposed amendments is to amend the Washington State Energy Code to update mechanical efficiency requirements to the most recent national standards, to provide for new technology and building science in wall assemblies, to update wall and window thermal efficiency for energy savings and better consistency with national standards, to revise lighting allowances and controls for better consistency with national standards, to make additional allowances for use of isothermal humidification systems, to add efficiency requirements for small fan motors in series fan boxes, and to make editorial changes to the economizer section. These changes are proposed to increase energy efficiency, provide consistency with national standards, and provide clarification and flexibility.


1. Section 502.1.4.6, Wall Insulation:

     Revises the section to add an exception for wall cavity to remain unfilled or partially filled in wall assemblies where insulation is provided on the outer surface of the assembly and full envelope calculations are performed.

• Technical improvement.
• Improves flexibility.
    
2. Table 10-6, Default U-Factors for Windows:

     Revises Table 10-6 to correspond with new envelope requirements in Tables 13-1 and 13-2 in proposal #5. This proposal is linked to Proposal #5.

• Clarification.
• Technical improvement.
• Improves flexibility.
    
3. Section 1322, Slab Penetrations:

     Amends the exception to allow exposed elevated slab edges to remain uninsulated. This proposal is linked to Proposal #5.

• Energy savings potential: High.
• Equivalent to national standard: ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2001, Sections B-14 and D-17.

4. Section 1330, Component Performance Option:

     Eliminates the use of the 1989 version of EnvStd. This proposal is linked to Proposal #5.

• Energy savings potential: High.
• Equivalent to national standard: ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2001, Sections B-14 and D-17.
    
5. Tables 13-1 and 13-2, Building Envelope Requirements:

     Increases the thermal requirements for walls and glazing. Some of the proposed values are consistent with the national energy standard, ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2001. Proposals 2, 3, and 4 are linked to this proposal.

• Energy savings potential: High.
• Equivalent to national standard: ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2001, Sections B-14 and D-17.

6. Section 1413.4, Humidification:

     Revises this section to allow the use of isothermal systems in certain situations where there is no energy savings with the use of adiabatic systems, and for small systems where an adiabatic system would be cost prohibitive.

• Technical improvement.
• Improves flexibility.

7. Sections 1423 and 1413.3, Economizers:

     Provides alternate compliance options and clarifications.

     1423: Expands simple system option to apply to all small cooling units.

     1413.3: Corrects an error in the code section.

• Clarification.
• Improves enforcement.
• Improves flexibility.

8. Section 1433, Economizers:

     Option 1:

     The term "individual fan-cooling units" was used in previous versions of the code and was inadvertently left out during all the editing of the previous economizer changes.

     Option 2:

     Increases the allowed capacity for units without economizer provided there is an increase in equipment efficiency.

• Clarification.
• Technical improvement.
• Improves flexibility.
    
9. Section 1437, Electric Motor Efficiency:

     Adds efficiency requirements for small fan motors in series fan boxes.

• Energy savings potential: Medium.
    
10. Tables 14-1A, 14-1B, and 14-1D, Mechanical Equipment Efficiencies:

     Revise minimum efficiencies for consistency with ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1 Addendum I (Tables 14-1A, 1B) and addendum D (Table 14-1D).

• Equivalent to national standard: ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2001, Addendums I and D.

11. Sections 1513.6 and 1132.3, Automatic Lighting Controls:

     Expands automatic shut-off control requirements to all nonresidential buildings over 5,000 square feet. Requires occupancy sensors for office areas less than 300 square feet.

• Energy savings potential: Medium.
• Equivalent to national standard: ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2001, Section 9.2.1.1.

12. Section 1521 and Table 15-1, Prescriptive Lighting Requirements:

     Table 15-1: Revises lighting power allowances for offices, schools and laboratories consistent with the national energy standard, ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2001, Addendum G, Table 9.3.1.1.

     Section 1521: Companion changes for consistency with changes to Table 15-1.

• Energy savings potential: Medium.
• Equivalent to national standard: ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2001, Addendum G, Table 9.3.1.1.

     Reasons Supporting Proposal: RCW 19.27A.025 and 19.27A.045.

     Statutory Authority for Adoption: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045.

     Statute Being Implemented: Chapters 19.27, 19.27A, and 34.05 RCW.

     Rule is not necessitated by federal law, federal or state court decision.

     Agency Comments or Recommendations, if any, as to Statutory Language, Implementation, Enforcement, and Fiscal Matters: The council is seeking comments on the issues proposed in the rules shown below.

     Name of Proponent: State Building Code Council, governmental.

     Name of Agency Personnel Responsible for Drafting and Implementation: Krista Braaksma, P.O. Box 42525, Olympia, WA 98504-2525, (360) 725-2964; and Enforcement: Local jurisdictions.

     No small business economic impact statement has been prepared under chapter 19.85 RCW. The proposed amendments have been reviewed by the Energy Code Technical Advisory Group and some were identified as having a cost impact on businesses required to comply with the rule. These costs were felt to be low to moderate increases in first cost on businesses required to comply. However, the increases do not represent a disproportionate cost to small business and if any additional first cost of construction is passed on to consumers, it will be completely offset by the consumer's energy savings. They are also offset by other cost saving proposals.

     A cost-benefit analysis is not required under RCW 34.05.328. The State Building Code Council is not listed in this section as one of the agencies required to comply with this statute.

August 13, 2004

Tim Nogler

for Stan Price

Council Chair

OTS-7374.2


AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 04-01-106, filed 12/17/03, effective 7/1/04)

WAC 51-11-0502   Building envelope requirements.  


     502.1 General:


     502.1.1: The stated U- or F-factor of any component assembly, listed in Table 5-1 or 5-2, such as roof/ceiling, opaque wall or opaque floor may be increased and the U-factor for other components decreased, provided that the total heat gain or loss for the entire building envelope does not exceed the total resulting from compliance to the U-factors specified in this section.


     The U-factors for typical construction assemblies are included in Chapter 10. These values shall be used for all calculations. Where proposed construction assemblies are not represented in Chapter 10, values shall be calculated in accordance with Chapters 23-30 in Standard RS-1 listed in Chapter 7, using the framing factors listed in Chapter 10 where applicable.


     For envelope assemblies containing metal framing, the U-factor shall be determined by one of the following methods:


     1. Results of laboratory or field measurements.


     2. Standard RS-1, listed in Chapter 7, where the metal framing is bonded on one or both sides to a metal skin or covering.


     3. The zone method as provided in Chapter 25 of Standard RS-1, listed in Chapter 7.


     4. Results of parallel path correction factors effective framing/cavity R-values as provided in Table 10-5A - EFFECTIVE R-VALUES FOR METAL FRAMING AND CAVITY ONLY for metal stud walls and roof/ceilings.


     502.1.2: For consideration of thermal mass effects, see section 402.4.


     502.1.3: When return air ceiling plenums are employed, the roof/ceiling assembly shall:


     a. For thermal transmittance purposes, not include the ceiling proper nor the plenum space as part of the assembly; and


     b. For gross area purposes, be based upon the interior face of the upper plenum surface.


     502.1.4 Insulation:


     502.1.4.1 General: All insulating materials shall comply with sections 2603 and/or 719 of the International Building Code. Substantial contact of the insulation with the surface being insulated is required. All insulation materials shall be installed according to the manufacturer's instructions to achieve proper densities and maintain uniform R-values and shall be installed in a manner which will permit inspection of the manufacturer's R-value identification mark. To the maximum extent possible, insulation shall extend over the full component area to the intended R-value.


     Alternatively, the thickness of roof/ceiling and wall insulation that is either blown in or spray-applied shall be identified by inches of thickness, density and R-value markers installed at least one for every 300 square feet (28 m2) through the attic, ceiling and/or wall space. In attics, the markers shall be affixed to the trusses or joists and marked with the minimum initial installed thickness and minimum settled thickness with numbers a minimum 1.0 inch (25 mm) in height. Each marker shall face the attic access. The thickness of installed attic insulation shall meet or exceed the minimum initial installed thickness shown by the marker. In cathedral ceilings and walls, the markers shall be affixed to the rafter and wall frame at alternating high and low intervals and marked with the minimum installed density and R-value with numbers a minimum 1.0 inch (25 mm) in height. Each marker shall face the conditioned room area.


     502.1.4.2 Insulation Materials: All insulation materials including facings such as vapor barriers or breather papers installed within floor/ceiling assemblies, roof/ceiling assemblies, walls, crawl spaces, or attics shall have a flame spread rating of less than 25 and a smoke density not to exceed 450 when tested in accordance with ASTM E84-01.


EXCEPTIONS: 1. Foam plastic insulation shall comply with section 2603 of the International Building Code.
2. When such materials are installed in concealed spaces of Types III, IV and V construction, the flame spread and smoke developed limitations do not apply to facing, provided that the facing is installed in substantial contact with the unexposed surface of the ceiling, floor or wall finish.
3. Cellulose insulation shall comply with section 719 of the International Building Code.

     502.1.4.3 Clearances: Where required, insulation shall be installed with clearances according to manufacturer's specifications. Insulation shall be installed so that required ventilation is unobstructed. For blown or poured loose fill insulation, clearances shall be maintained through installation of a permanent retainer.


     502.1.4.4 Access Hatches and Doors: Access doors from conditioned spaces to unconditioned spaces (e.g., attics and crawl spaces) shall be weatherstripped and insulated to a level equivalent to the insulation on the surrounding surfaces. Access shall be provided to all equipment which prevents damaging or compressing the insulation. A wood framed or equivalent baffle or retainer must be provided when loose fill insulation is installed, the purpose of which is to prevent the loose fill insulation from spilling into the living space when the attic access is opened, and to provide a permanent means of maintaining the installed R-value of the loose fill insulation.


     502.1.4.5 Roof/Ceiling Insulation: Open-blown or poured loose fill insulation may be used in attic spaces where the slope of the ceiling is not more than 3 feet in 12 and there is at least 30 inches of clear distance from the top of the bottom chord of the truss or ceiling joist to the underside of the sheathing at the roof ridge. When eave vents are installed, baffling of the vent openings shall be provided so as to deflect the incoming air above the surface of the insulation. Baffles shall be, rigid material, resistant to wind driven moisture. Requirements for baffles for ceiling insulation shall meet the International Building Code section 1203.2 for minimum ventilation requirements. When feasible, the baffles shall be installed from the top of the outside of the exterior wall, extending inward, to a point 6 inches vertically above the height of noncompressed insulation, and 12 inches vertically above loose fill insulation.


     502.1.4.6 Wall Insulation: Insulation installed in exterior walls shall comply with the provisions of this section. All wall insulation shall fill the entire framed cavity. Exterior wall cavities isolated during framing shall be fully insulated to the levels of the surrounding walls. All faced insulation shall be face stapled to avoid compression.

EXCEPTION: Framed cavity can be empty or partially filled provided:
1. The wall assembly calculations are performed along with a completed performance calculation for the whole building; and
2. Insulation installed in partially filled cavities is not included in the performance calculation.

     502.1.4.7 Floor Insulation: Floor insulation shall be installed in a permanent manner in substantial contact with the surface being insulated. Insulation supports shall be installed so spacing is no more than 24 inches on center. Foundation vents shall be placed so that the top of the vent is below the lower surface of the floor insulation.


EXCEPTION: Insulation may be omitted from floor areas over heated basements, heated garages or underfloor areas used as HVAC supply plenums. When foundation walls are insulated, the insulation shall be attached in a permanent manner. The insulation shall not block the airflow through foundation vents when installed. When foundation vents are not placed so that the top of the vent is below the lower surface of the floor insulation, a permanently attached baffle shall be installed at an angle of 30° from horizontal, to divert air flow below the lower surface of the floor insulation.

     502.1.4.8 Slab-On-Grade: Slab-on-grade insulation, installed inside the foundation wall, shall extend downward from the top of the slab for a minimum distance of 24 inches or downward and then horizontally beneath the slab for a minimum combined distance of 24 inches. Insulation installed outside the foundation shall extend downward to a minimum of 24 inches or to the frostline. Above grade insulation shall be protected.

EXCEPTION: For monolithic slabs, the insulation shall extend downward from the top of the slab to the bottom of the footing.

     502.1.4.9 Radiant Slabs: The entire area of a radiant slab shall be thermally isolated from the soil, with a minimum of R-10 insulation. The insulation shall be an approved product for its intended use. If a soil gas control system is present below the radiant slab, which results in increased convective flow below the radiant slab, the radiant slab shall be thermally isolated from the sub-slab gravel layer.


     502.1.4.10 Below Grade Walls: Below grade exterior wall insulation used on the exterior (cold) side of the wall shall extend from the top of the below grade wall to the top of the footing and shall be approved for below grade use. Above grade insulation shall be protected.


     Insulation used on the interior (warm) side of the wall shall extend from the top of the below grade wall to the below grade floor level.


     502.1.5 Glazing and Door U-factors: Glazing and door U-factors shall be determined in accordance with sections 502.1.5.1 and 502.1.5.2. All products shall be labeled with the NFRC certified or default U-factor. The labeled U-factor shall be used in all calculations to determine compliance with this Code. Sealed insulating glass shall conform to, or be in test for, ASTM E-774-81 class A.


EXCEPTIONS: 1. For glazed wall systems, assemblies with all of the following features are deemed to satisfy the vertical glazing U-factor requirement in Table 6-1 or 6-2 options with vertical glazing U-0.40 and greater:
a. Double glazing with a minimum 1/2 inch gap width, having a low-emissivity coating with e = 0.10 maximum, with 90% minimum argon gas fill, and a non-aluminum spacer (as defined in footnote 1 to Table 10-6B), and
b. Frame that is thermal break aluminum (as defined in footnote 9 to Table 10-6B), wood, aluminum clad wood, vinyl, aluminum clad vinyl, or reinforced vinyl.
The only labeling requirement for products using this exception shall be a description of the product and a label stating: "This product is deemed to satisfy the Table 6-1 or 6-2 vertical glazing U-factor requirement using the exception to Section 502.1.5 in the Washington State Energy Code."
2. For overhead glazing, assemblies with all of the following features are deemed to satisfy the overhead glazing U-factor requirement in Table 6-1 or 6-2 options except the unlimited glazing area options (Options IV and V in Table 6-1 and Options V and VI in Table 6-2):
a. Either, double glazing with a minimum 1/2 inch gap width, having a low-emissivity coating with e =0.20 maximum, with 90% minimum argon gas fill, or, triple glazed plastic domes, and
b. Frame that is thermal break aluminum (as defined in footnote 9 to Table 10-6B), wood, aluminum clad wood, vinyl, aluminum clad vinyl, or reinforced vinyl.
The only labeling requirement for products using this exception shall be a description of the product and a label stating: "This product is deemed to satisfy the Table 6-1 or 6-2 overhead glazing U-factor requirement using the exception to Section 502.1.5 in the Washington State Energy Code."
3. For solariums with a floor area which does not exceed 300 square feet, assemblies which comply with the features listed in exception 2 are deemed to satisfy the vertical glazing and overhead glazing U-factor requirement in Table 6-1 or 6-2 options with vertical glazing U-0.40 and greater.
The only labeling requirement for products using this exception shall be a description of the product and a label stating: "This product is deemed to satisfy the Table 6-1 or 6-2 vertical glazing and overhead glazing U-factor requirements using the exception to Section 502.1.5 in the Washington State Energy Code."

     502.1.5.1 Standard Procedure for Determination of Glazing U-factors: U-factors for glazing shall be determined, certified and labeled in accordance with the National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC) Product Certification Program (PCP), as authorized by an independent certification and inspection agency licensed by the NFRC. Compliance shall be based on the Residential Model Size. Product samples used for U-factor determinations shall be production line units or representative of units as purchased by the consumer or contractor. Products that are listed in the NFRC Certified Products Directory or certified to the NFRC standard shall not use default values.

EXCEPTIONS: 1. Glazing products without NFRC ratings may be assigned default U-factors from Table 10-6A for vertical glazing and from Table 10-6E for overhead glazing.
2. Units without NFRC ratings produced by a small business may be assigned default U-factors from Table 10-6A for garden windows, from Table 10-6B for other vertical glazing, and from Table 10-6E for overhead glazing.

     502.1.5.2 Standard Procedure for Determination of Door U-factors: All doors, including fire doors, shall be assigned default U-factors from Table 10-6C.


EXCEPTIONS: 1. U-factors determined, certified and labeled in accordance with the National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC) Product Certification Program (PCP), as authorized by an independent certification and inspection agency licensed by the NFRC.
2. The default values for the opaque portions of doors shall be those listed in Table 10-6C, provided that the U-factor listed for a door with a thermal break shall only be allowed if both the door and the frame have a thermal break.
3. One unlabeled or untested exterior swinging door with the maximum area of 24 square feet may be installed for ornamental, security or architectural purposes. Products using this exception shall not be included in the U-factor calculation requirements, however glazing area shall be included in glazing area calculations.

     502.1.6 Moisture Control:


     502.1.6.1 Vapor Retarders: Vapor retarders shall be installed on the warm side (in winter) of insulation as specified in the following cases.

EXCEPTION: Vapor retarder installed with not more than 1/3 of the nominal R-value between it and the conditioned space.

     502.1.6.2 Floors: Floors separating conditioned space from unconditioned space shall have a vapor retarder installed. The vapor retarder shall have a one perm dry cup rating or less (i.e., four mil [0.004 inch thick] polyethylene or kraft faced material).


     502.1.6.3 Roof/Ceilings: Roof/ceiling assemblies where the ventilation space above the insulation is less than an average of 12 inches shall be provided with a vapor retarder. Faced batt insulation where used as a vapor retarder shall be face stapled. Single rafter joist vaulted ceiling cavities shall be of sufficient depth to allow a minimum one inch vented air space above the insulation.


     502.1.6.4: Vapor retarders shall not be required in roof/ceiling assemblies where the ventilation space above the insulation averages 12 inches or greater.


     502.1.6.5: Vapor retarders shall not be required where all of the insulation is installed between the roof membrane and the structural roof deck.


     502.1.6.6 Walls: Walls separating conditioned space from unconditioned space shall have a vapor retarder installed. Faced batt insulation shall be face stapled.


     502.1.6.7 Ground Cover: A ground cover of six mil (0.006 inch thick) black polyethylene or approved equal shall be laid over the ground within crawl spaces. The ground cover shall be overlapped 12 inches minimum at the joints and shall extend to the foundation wall.

EXCEPTION: The ground cover may be omitted in crawl spaces if the crawl space has a concrete slab floor with a minimum thickness of 3-1/2 inches.

     502.2 Thermal Criteria for Group R Occupancy:


     502.2.1 UA Calculations: The proposed UA as calculated using Equations 2 and 3 shall not exceed the target UA as calculated using Equation 1. For the purpose of determining equivalent thermal performance, the glazing area for the target UA shall be calculated using values in Table 5-1. The opaque door area shall be the same in the target UA and the proposed UA.

EXCEPTION: Log and solid timber walls that have a minimum average thickness of 3.5" and with space heat type other than electric resistance, are exempt from wall target UA and proposed UA calculations.

     502.2.2 Space Heat Type: The following two categories comprise all space heating types:


     1. Electric Resistance: Space heating systems which include baseboard units, radiant units and forced air units as either the primary or secondary heating system.

EXCEPTION: Electric resistance systems for which the total electric heat capacity in each individual dwelling unit does not exceed the greater of: 1) One thousand watts (1000 w) per dwelling unit, or; 2) One watt per square foot (1 w/ft2) of the gross floor area.

     2. Other: All gas, wood, oil and propane space heating systems, unless electric resistance is used as a secondary heating system, and all heat pump space heating systems. (See EXCEPTIONS, Electric Resistance, section 502.2.2 above.)


     502.3 Reserved.


     502.4 Air Leakage:


     502.4.1 General: The requirements of this section shall apply to all buildings and structures, or portions thereof, and only to those locations separating outdoor ambient conditions from interior spaces that are heated or mechanically cooled.


     502.4.2 Doors and Windows, General: Exterior doors and windows shall be designed to limit air leakage into or from the building envelope. Site-constructed doors and windows shall be sealed in accordance with Section 502.4.3.


     502.4.3 Seals and Weatherstripping:


     a. Exterior joints around windows and door frames, openings between walls and foundation, between walls and roof and wall panels; openings at penetrations of utility services through walls, floors and roofs; and all other openings in the building envelope for all occupancies and all other openings in between units in R-1 and R-2 Occupancy shall be sealed, caulked, gasketed or weatherstripped to limit air leakage. Other exterior joints and seams shall be similarly treated, or taped, or covered with moisture vapor permeable housewrap.


     b. All exterior doors or doors serving as access to an enclosed unheated area shall be weatherstripped to limit leakage around their perimeter when in a closed position.


     c. Site built windows are exempt from testing but shall be made tight fitting. Fixed lights shall have glass retained by stops with sealant or caulking all around. Operating sash shall have weatherstripping working against overlapping trim and a closer/latch which will hold the sash closed. The window frame to framing crack shall be made tight with caulking, overlapping membrane or other approved technique.


     d. Openings that are required to be fire resistive are exempt from this section.


     502.4.4 Recessed Lighting Fixtures: When installed in the building envelope, recessed lighting fixtures shall meet one of the following requirements:


     1. Type IC rated, manufactured with no penetrations between the inside of the recessed fixture and ceiling cavity and sealed or gasketed to prevent air leakage into the unconditioned space.


     2. Type IC rated, installed inside a sealed box constructed from a minimum 1/2 inch thick gypsum wall board, or constructed from a preformed polymeric vapor barrier, or other air tight assembly manufactured for this purpose.


     3. Type IC rated, certified under ASTM E283 to have no more than 2.0 cfm air movement from the conditioned space to the ceiling cavity. The lighting fixture shall be tested at 75 Pascals or 1.57 lbs/ft2 pressure difference and have a label attached, showing compliance.

[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020, 19.27A.045. 04-01-106, § 51-11-0502, filed 12/17/03, effective 7/1/04. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 02-01-112, § 51-11-0502, filed 12/18/01, effective 7/1/02; 01-03-010, § 51-11-0502, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01; 98-03-003, § 51-11-0502, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: Chapters 19.27 and 19.27A RCW and 1994 c 226. 95-01-126, § 51-11-0502, filed 12/21/94, effective 6/30/95. Statutory Authority: Chapters 19.27, 19.27A and 34.05 RCW. 94-05-059, § 51-11-0502, filed 2/10/94, effective 4/1/94. Statutory Authority: Chapter 19.27A RCW. 92-01-140, § 51-11-0502, filed 12/19/91, effective 7/1/92. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020 and 1990 c 2. 91-01-112, § 51-11-0502, filed 12/19/90, effective 7/1/91.]

     Reviser's note: The brackets and enclosed material in the text of the above section occurred in the copy filed by the agency and appear in the Register pursuant to the requirements of RCW 34.08.040.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 02-01-112, filed 12/18/01, effective 7/1/02)

WAC 51-11-1006   Section 1006 Default U-factors for glazing and doors.  


     1006.1 Glazing and Doors without NFRC Certification: Glazing and doors that do not have NFRC certification shall be assigned the following U-factors:

TABLE 10-6
Other than Group R Occupancy: DEFAULT U-FACTORS FOR VERTICAL GLAZING, OVERHEAD GLAZING AND OPAQUE DOORS

Vertical Glazing
U-Factor
Any Frame Aluminum W/Thermal Break Vinyl/Wood

Frame
Single 1.45 1.45 1.45
Double 0.90 0.85 0.75
1/2 Inch Air, Fixed 0.75 0.70 0.60
1/2 Inch Air,

Low-e(0.40), Fixed

 0.60 0.55 0.50
1/2 Inch Air, Low-e(0.10), Fixed 0.55 0.50 0.45
1/2 Inch Argon,

Low-e(0.10), Fixed

 0.50 0.45 0.40

The category for aluminum frame with a thermal break is as defined in footnote 7 to Table 10-6A.


((Overhead Glazing
U-Factor
Any Frame Vinyl/Wood

Frame
Single 2.15 2.15
Double 1.45 1.00
Low-e(0.40) or Argon 1.40 0.95
Low-e(0.40) + Argon 1.30 0.85
Low-e(0.20) Air 1.30 0.90
Low-e(0.20) + Argon 1.25 0.80
Triple 1.25 0.80))

Overhead Glazing: Sloped Glazing (Including Frame)
U-Factor
Any Frame Aluminum W/Thermal Break Vinyl/Wood

Frame
Single 1.74 1.74 1.74
Double 1.08 1.02 0.90
1/2 Inch Air, Fixed 0.90 0.84 0.72
1/2 Inch Air, Low-e(0.40), Fixed 0.72 0.66 0.60
1/2 Inch Air, Low-e(0.10), Fixed 0.66 0.60 0.54
1/2 Inch Argon, Low-e(0.10), Fixed 0.60 0.54 0.48

     This default table is applicable to sloped glazing only. (Sloped glazing is a multiple-lite glazed system (similar to a curtain wall) that is mounted at a slope greater than 15° from the vertical plane.) Other overhead glazing shall use the defaults in Table 10-6E.



Opaque Doors
U-Factor
Uninsulated Metal 1.20
Insulated Metal (Including Fire Door and Smoke Vent) 0.60
Wood 0.50

Notes:


Where a gap width is listed (i.e.: 1/2 inch), that is the minimum allowed.

Where a low-emissivity emittance is listed (i.e.: 0.40, 0.20, 0.10), that is the maximum allowed.

Where a gas other than air is listed (i.e.: Argon), the gas fill shall be a minimum of 90%.

Where an operator type is listed (i.e.: Fixed), the default is only allowed for that operator type.

Where a frame type is listed (i.e.: Wood/vinyl), the default is only allowed for that frame type. Wood/vinyl frame includes reinforced vinyl and aluminum-clad wood.


TABLE 10-6A
Group R Occupancy: DEFAULT U-FACTORS FOR VERTICAL GLAZING

Description1,2,3,4 Frame Type5,6
Aluminum Aluminum

Thermal Break7

 Wood/Vinyl
Windows Single 1.20 1.20 1.20
Double, < 1/2" Clear 0.92 0.75 0.63
Clear + Argon 0.87 0.71 0.60
Low-e 0.85 0.69 0.58
Low-e + Argon 0.79 0.62 0.53
Double, > 1/2" Clear 0.86 0.69 0.58
Clear + Argon 0.83 0.67 0.55
Low-e 0.78 0.61 0.51
Low-e + Argon 0.75 0.58 0.48
Triple, Clear 0.70 0.53 0.43
Clear + Argon 0.69 0.52 0.41
Low-e 0.67 0.49 0.40
Low-e + Argon 0.63 0.47 0.37
Garden Single 2.60 n.a. 2.31
Windows Double Clear 1.81 n.a. 1.61
Clear + Argon 1.76 n.a. 1.56
Low-e 1.73 n.a. 1.54
Low-e + Argon 1.64 n.a. 1.47

1 <1/2" = a minimum dead air space of less than 0.5 inches between the panes of glass.
> 1/2" = a minimum dead air space of 0.5 inches or greater between the panes of glass.
Where no gap width is listed, the minimum gap width is 1/4".
2 Any low-e (emissivity) coating (0.1, 0.2 or 0.4).
3 U-factors listed for argon shall consist of sealed, gas-filled insulated units for argon, C02, SF6, argon/SF6 mixtures and Krypton.
4 "Glass block” assemblies may use a U-factor of 0.51.
5 Insulated fiberglass framed products shall use wood/vinyl U-factors.
6 Aluminum clad wood windows shall use the U-factors listed for wood/vinyl windows.
7 Aluminum Thermal Break = An aluminum thermal break framed window shall incorporate the following minimum design characteristics:
a) The thermal conductivity of the thermal break material shall be not more than 3.6 Btu-in/h/ft2/°F;
b) The thermal break material must produces a gap in the frame material of not less than 0.210 inches; and,
c) All metal framing members of the products exposed to interior and exterior air shall incorporate a thermal break meeting the criteria in a) and b) above.

TABLE 10-6B1
Group R Occupancy: SMALL BUSINESS COMPLIANCE TABLE FOR VERTICAL GLAZING

FRAME TYPE7,8
DESCRIPTION2,3,4,6 ALUMINUM ALUM.

THERMAL

BREAK9

 WOOD/VINYL ALUM. CLAD

WOOD/REINFORCED

VINYL10
Double, Clear 1/4" 0.82 0.66 0.56 0.59
Double, Clear 1/4" + argon 0.77 0.63 0.53 0.56
Double, Low-e4 1/4" 0.76 0.61 0.52 0.54
Double, Low-e2 1/4" 0.73 0.58 0.49 0.51
Double, Low-e1 1/4" 0.70 0.55 0.47 0.49
Double, Low-e4 1/4" + argon 0.70 0.55 0.47 0.49
Double, Low-e2 1/4" + argon 0.66 0.52 0.43 0.46
Double, Low-e1 1/4" + argon 0.64 0.50 0.41 0.43
Double, Clear 3/8" 0.78 0.63 0.54 0.57
Double, Clear 3/8" + argon 0.75 0.60 0.51 0.54
Double, Low-e4 3/8" 0.72 0.57 0.48 0.51
Double, Low-e2 3/8" 0.69 0.54 0.45 0.48
Double, Low-e1 3/8" 0.66 0.51 0.43 0.46
Double, Low-e4 3/8" + argon 0.68 0.53 0.44 0.47
Double, Low-e2 3/8" + argon 0.63 0.49 0.41 0.44
Double, Low-e1 3/8" + argon 0.61 0.47 0.39 0.41
Double, Clear 1/2" 0.75 0.60 0.50 0.54
Double, Clear 1/2" + argon 0.72 0.58 0.48 0.51
Double, Low-e4 1/2" 0.68 0.53 0.44 0.47
Double, Low-e2 1/2" 0.64 0.50 0.40 0.44
Double, Low-e1 1/2" 0.61 0.47 0.35 0.42
Double, Low-e4 1/2" + argon 0.65 0.50 0.42 0.44
Double, Low-e2 1/2" + argon 0.60 0.46 0.37 0.40
Double, Low-e1 1/2" + argon 0.58 0.43 0.35 0.38
Triple, Clear 1/4" 0.66 0.52 0.42 0.44
Triple, Clear 1/4" + argon 0.63 0.49 0.39 0.42
Triple, Low-e4 1/4" 0.64 0.50 0.40 0.40
Triple, Low-e2 1/4" 0.62 0.48 0.39 0.41
Triple, Low-e1 1/4" 0.61 0.47 0.38 0.40
Triple, Low-e4 1/4" + argon 0.60 0.46 0.37 0.39
Triple, Low-e2 1/4" + argon 0.58 0.43 0.34 0.37
Triple, Low-el 1/4" + argon 0.57 0.42 0.34 0.36
Triple, Clear 1/2" 0.61 0.46 0.37 0.40
Triple, Clear 1/2" + argon 0.59 0.45 0.36 0.38
Triple, Low-e4 1/2" 0.58 0.43 0.35 0.37
Triple, Low-e2 1/2" 0.55 0.41 0.32 0.35
Triple, Low-e1 1/2" 0.54 0.39 0.31 0.33
Triple, Low-e4 1/2" + argon 0.55 0.41 0.32 0.35
Triple, Low-e2 1/2" + argon 0.52 0.38 0.30 0.32
Triple, Low-e1 1/2" + argon 0.51 0.37 0.29 0.31

Footnotes to Table 10-6B

1 Subtract 0.02 from the listed default U-factor for nonaluminum spacer. Acceptable spacer materials may include but is not limited to fiberglass, wood and butyl or other material with an equivalent thermal performance.
2 1/4" = a minimum dead air space of 0.25 inches between the panes of glass.

3/8" = a minimum dead air space of 0.375 inches between the panes of glass.

1/2" = a minimum dead air space of 0.5 inches between the panes of glass.

Product with air spaces different than those listed above shall use the value for the next smaller air space; i.e. 3/4 inch = 1/2 inch U-factors, 7/16 inch = 3/8 inch U-factors, 5/16 inch = 1/4 inch U-factors.
3 Low-e4 (emissivity) shall be 0.4 or less.

Low-e2 (emissivity) shall be 0.2 or less.

Low-e1 (emissivity) shall be 0.1 or less.
4 U-factors listed for argon shall consist of sealed, gas-filled insulated units for argon, CO2, SF6, and argon/SF6 mixtures. The following conversion factor shall apply to Krypton gas-filled units: 1/4" or greater with krypton is equivalent to 1/2" argon.
5 Reserved.
6 "Glass block” assemblies may use a U-factor of 0.51.
7 Insulated fiberglass framed products shall use wood/vinyl U-factors.
8 Subtract 0.02 from the listed default values for solariums.
9 Aluminum Thermal Break = An aluminum thermal break framed window shall incorporate the following minimum design characteristics:
a) The thermal conductivity of the thermal break material shall be not more than 3.6 Btu-in/h/ft2/F°;
b) The thermal break material must produce a gap in the frame material of not less than 0.210 inches; and,
c) All metal framing members of the products exposed to interior and exterior air shall incorporate a

thermal break meeting the criteria in a) and b) above.
10 Aluminum clad wood windows shall use the U-factors listed for Aluminum Clad Wood/Reinforced Vinyl windows. Vinyl clad wood window shall use the U-factors listed for Wood/Vinyl windows. Any vinyl frame window with metal reinforcement in more than one rail shall use the U-factors listed for Aluminum Clad Wood/Reinforced Vinyl window.

TABLE 10-6C
Group R Occupancy: DEFAULT U-FACTORS FOR DOORS


Door Type No

Glazing

 Single

Glazing

 Double

Glazing

with 1/4 in.

Airspace

 Double

Glazing

with 1/2

in.

Airspace

 Double

Glazing

with

e = 0.10,

1/2 in.

Argon
SWINGING DOORS (Rough opening - 38 in. x 82 in.)
Slab Doors
Wood slab in wood framea 0.46
6% glazing (22 in. x 8 in. lite) - 0.48 0.47 0.46 0.44
25% glazing (22 in. x 36 in. lite) - 0.58 0.48 0.46 0.42
45% glazing (22 in. x 64 in. lite) - 0.69 0.49 0.46 0.39
More than 50% glazing Use Table 10-6A
Insulated steel slab with wood edge in wood framea 0.16
6% glazing (22 in. x 8 in. lite) - 0.21 0.20 0.19 0.18
25% glazing (22 in. x 36 in. lite) - 0.39 0.28 0.26 0.23
45% glazing (22 in. x 64 in. lite) - 0.58 0.38 0.35 0.26
More than 50% glazing Use Table 10-6A
Foam insulated steel slab with metal edge in steel frameb 0.37
6% glazing (22 in. x 8 in. lite) - 0.44 0.42 0.41 0.39
25% glazing (22 in. x 36 in. lite) - 0.55 0.50 0.48 0.44
45% glazing (22 in. x 64 in. lite) - 0.71 0.59 0.56 0.48
More than 50% glazing Use Table 10-6A
Cardboard honeycomb slab with metal edge in steel frameb 0.61
Style and Rail Doors
Sliding glass doors/French doors Use Table 10-6A
Site-Assembled Style and Rail Doors
Aluminum in aluminum frame - 1.32 0.99 0.93 0.79
Aluminum in aluminum frame with thermal break - 1.13 0.80 0.74 0.63
REVOLVING DOORS (Rough opening - 82 in. x 84 in.)
Aluminum in aluminum frame
Open - 1.32 - - -
Closed - 0.65 - - -
SECTIONAL OVERHEAD DOORS (Nominal - 10 ft x 10 ft)
Uninsulated steel (nominal U = 1.15)c 1.15 - - - -
Insulated steel (nominal U = 0.11)c 0.24 - - - -
Insulated steel with thermal break (nominal U = 0.08)c 0.13 - - - -

a. Thermally broken sill (add 0.03 for nonthermally broken sill)
b. Nonthermally broken sill
c. Nominal U-factors are through the center of the insulated panel before consideration of thermal bridges around the edges of the door sections and due to the frame.


TABLE 10-6D

Group R Occupancy: DEFAULT U-FACTORS FOR GLAZED DOORS

See Table 10-6C


TABLE 10-6E
Group R Occupancy: DEFAULT U-FACTORS FOR OVERHEAD GLAZING

Frame Type
Aluminum Aluminum Reinforced Wood or Vinyl-
Glazing Type without with Vinyl/ Clad Wood/
Thermal Thermal Aluminum-Clad Vinyl without
Break Break Wood or Vinyl Reinforcing
Single Glazing
     glass U-1.58 U-1.51 U-1.40 U-1.18
     acrylic/polycarb U-1.52 U-1.45 U-1.34 U-1.11
Double Glazing
     air U-1.05 U-0.89 U-0.84 U-0.67
     argon U-1.02 U-0.86 U-0.80 U-0.64
Double Glazing, e = 0.20
     air U-0.96 U-0.80 U-0.75 U-0.59
     argon U-0.91 U-0.75 U-0.70 U-0.54
Double Glazing, e = 0.10
     air U-0.94 U-0.79 U-0.74 U-0.58
     argon U-0.89 U-0.73 U-0.68 U-0.52
Double Glazing, e = 0.05
     air U-0.93 U-0.78 U-0.73 U-0.56
     argon U-0.87 U-0.71 U-0.66 U-0.50
Triple Glazing
     air U-0.90 U-0.70 U-0.67 U-0.51
     argon U-0.87 U-0.69 U-0.64 U-0.48
Triple Glazing, e = 0.20
     air U-0.86 U-0.68 U-0.63 U-0.47
     argon U-0.82 U-0.63 U-0.59 U-0.43
Triple Glazing, e = 0.20 on 2 surfaces
     air U-0.82 U-0.64 U-0.60 U-0.44
     argon U-0.79 U-0.60 U-0.56 U-0.40
Triple Glazing, e = 0.10 on 2 surfaces
     air U-0.81 U-0.62 U-0.58 U-0.42
     argon U-0.77 U-0.58 U-0.54 U-0.38
Quadruple Glazing, e = 0.10 on 2 surfaces
     air U-0.78 U-0.59 U-0.55 U-0.39
     argon U-0.74 U-0.56 U-0.52 U-0.36
     krypton U-0.70 U-0.52 U-0.48 U-0.32

1. U-factors are applicable to both glass and plastic, flat and domed units, all spacers and gaps.
2. Emissivities shall be less than or equal to the value specified.
3. Gap fill shall be assumed to be air unless there is a minimum of 90% argon or krypton.
4. Aluminum frame with thermal break is as defined in footnote 9 to Table 10-6B.

[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 02-01-112, § 51-11-1006, filed 12/18/01, effective 7/1/02; 01-03-010, § 51-11-1006, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01; 98-03-003, § 51-11-1006, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: Chapters 19.27, 19.27A and 34.05 RCW. 94-05-059, § 51-11-1006, filed 2/10/94, effective 4/1/94. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020 and 1990 c 2. 91-01-112, § 51-11-1006, filed 12/19/90, effective 7/1/91.]


AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 01-03-010, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01)

WAC 51-11-1132   Alterations and repairs.   Alterations and repairs to buildings or portions thereof originally constructed subject to the requirements of this Code shall conform to the provisions of this Code without the use of the exception in Section 1130. Other alterations and repairs may be made to existing buildings and moved buildings without making the entire building comply with all of the requirements of this Code for new buildings, provided the following requirements are met:


1132.1 Building Envelope: Alterations or repairs shall comply with nominal R-values and glazing requirements in Table 13-1 or 13-2.


EXCEPTIONS: 1. Storm windows installed over existing glazing.
2. Glass replaced in existing sash and frame provided that glazing is of equal or lower U-factor.
3. For solar heat gain coefficient compliance, glazing with a solar heat gain coefficient equal to or lower than that of the other existing glazing.
4. Existing roof/ceiling, wall or floor cavities exposed during construction provided that these cavities are insulated to full depth with insulation having a minimum nominal value of R-3.0 per inch installed per Sections 1311 and 1313.
5. Existing walls and floors without framing cavities, provided that any new cavities added to existing walls and floors comply with Exception 4.
6. Existing roofs where the roof membrane is being replaced and
a. The roof sheathing or roof insulation is not exposed; or
b.     If there is existing roof insulation below the deck.
In no case shall the energy efficiency of the building be decreased.

1132.2 Building Mechanical Systems: Those parts of systems which are altered or replaced shall comply with Chapter 14 of this Code.


1132.3 Lighting and Motors: Where the use in a space changes from one use in Table 15-1 to another use in Table 15-1, the installed lighting wattage shall comply with Section 1521 or 1531.

     Other tenant improvements, alterations or repairs where 60 percent or more of the fixtures ((in a use)) in a space enclosed by walls or ceiling-height partitions (as defined in Table 15-1) within a tenant space or in an entire floor (((whichever is smaller))) are new shall comply with Sections 1531 and 1532. Where less than 60 percent of the fixtures in a space enclosed by walls or ceiling-height partitions are new, the installed lighting wattage shall be maintained or reduced. Where 60 percent or more of the lighting fixtures in a suspended ceiling are new, and the existing insulation is on the suspended ceiling, the roof/ceiling assembly shall be insulated according to the provisions of Chapter 13 Section 1311.2.


     Where new wiring is being installed to serve added fixtures and/or fixtures are being relocated to a new circuit, controls shall comply with Sections 1513.1 through 1513.5 and, as applicable, 1513.7. In addition, office areas less than 300 ft2 enclosed by walls or ceiling-height partitions, and all meeting and conference rooms, and all school classrooms, shall be equipped with occupancy sensors that comply with Sections 1513.6 and 1513.7. Where a new lighting panel (or a moved lighting panel) with all new raceway and conductor wiring from the panel to the fixtures is being installed, controls ((shall comply with)) also comply with the other requirements in Sections 1513.6 and 1513.7.


     Where new walls or ceiling-height partitions are added to an existing space and create a new enclosed space, but the lighting fixtures are not being changed, other than being relocated, the new enclosed space shall have controls that comply with Sections 1513.1 through 1513.2, 1513.4, and 1513.6 through 1513.7.


     Those motors which are altered or replaced shall comply with Section 1511.

[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 01-03-010, § 51-11-1132, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01; 98-03-003, § 51-11-1132, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025. 93-21-052, § 51-11-1132, filed 10/18/93, effective 4/1/94.]


AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 01-03-010, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01)

WAC 51-11-1322   Opaque envelope.   Roof/ceilings, opaque exterior walls, opaque doors, floors over unconditioned space, below grade walls, slab on grade floors, and radiant floors enclosing conditioned spaces shall be insulated according to Section 1311 and Tables 13-1 or 13-2. Compliance with nominal R-values shall be demonstrated for the thermal resistance of the added insulation in framing cavities and/or insulated sheathing only. Nominal R-values shall not include the thermal transmittance of other building materials or air films.


     For metal frame assemblies used in spaces with electric resistance space heat, compliance shall be demonstrated with the component U-factor for the overall assembly based on the assemblies in Chapter 10.


EXCEPTIONS: 1. Opaque smoke vents are not required to meet insulation requirements.
2. ((The perimeter edge of an above grade floor slab which penetrates the exterior wall may be left uninsulated provided that the wall insulation is increased by R-2 above)) For prescriptive compliance only.
a. For glazing areas that are 30% and less of the gross wall area, the insulation of the perimeter edge of an above grade floor slab which penetrates the exterior wall may be reduced to R-5 provided the glazing U-factor is reduced by U-0.05 below that required in Tables 13-1 and 13-2.
b. For glazing areas that exceed 30% of the gross wall area, the perimeter edge of an above grade floor slab which penetrates the exterior wall may be left uninsulated provided that the glazing U-factor is reduced by U-0.10 below that required in Tables 13-1 and 13-2.

[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 01-03-010, § 51-11-1322, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025. 93-21-052, § 51-11-1322, filed 10/18/93, effective 4/1/94.]


AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 01-03-010, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01)

WAC 51-11-1331   General.   Buildings or structures whose design heat loss rate (UAp) and solar heat gain coefficient rate (SHGC*Ap) are less than or equal to the target heat loss rate (UAt) and solar heat gain coefficient rate (SHGC*At) shall be considered in compliance with this section. The stated U-factor, F-factor or allowable area of any component assembly, listed in Tables 13-1 or 13-2, such as roof/ceiling, opaque wall, opaque door, glazing, floor over conditioned space, slab on grade floor, radiant floor or opaque floor may be increased and the U-factor or F-factor for other components decreased, provided that the total heat gain or loss for the entire building envelope does not exceed the total resulting from compliance to the U-factors, F-factors or allowable areas specified in this section.


((EXCEPTION: For buildings or structures utilizing the other space heat type (including heat pumps and VAV) compliance path, for the gross opaque wall, opaque door and glazing (vertical and overhead) area only, compliance may also be shown using the ENVSTD diskette version 2.1 of ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-1989, or an approved alternative, with the following additional requirements:
1. Only the Exterior Wall Requirements portion of the ENVSTD computer program may be used under this exception.
2. Overhead glazing shall be added to vertical glazing, and shall be input as 1/4 north, 1/4 east, 1/4 south and 1/4 west facing.
3. Lighting loads shall be determined according to Table 15-1.
4. Equipment loads shall be determined from Table 3-1 of Standard RS-29.))

[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 01-03-010, § 51-11-1331, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01; 98-03-003, § 51-11-1331, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025. 93-21-052, § 51-11-1331, filed 10/18/93, effective 4/1/94.]


AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 01-03-010, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01)

WAC 51-11-1334   Solar heat gain coefficient rate calculations.   Solar heat gain coefficient shall comply with Section 1323.3. The target SHGCAt and the proposed SHGCAp shall be calculated using Equation 13-3 and 13-4 and the corresponding areas and SHGCs from Table 13-1 or 13-2.

align="center"

Equation 13-1:
Target UA[t]

UAt = UratArat + UogratAograt + UortAort + UogortAogort + UwtAwt + UvgtAvgt + UdtAdt + UftAft + FstPst + UbgwtAbgwt
UAt = The target combined specific heat transfer of the gross roof/ceiling assembly, exterior wall and floor area.
Where:
Urat = The thermal transmittance value for roofs over attics found in Table 13-1 or 13-2.
Uograt = The thermal transmittance for overhead glazing found in Table 13-1 or 13-2 which corresponds to the proposed total glazing area as a percent of gross exterior wall area.
Uort = The thermal transmittance value for other roofs found in Table 13-1 or 13-2.
Uogort = The thermal transmittance for overhead glazing found in Table 13-1 or 13-2 which corresponds to the proposed total glazing area as a percent of gross exterior wall area.
Uwt = The thermal transmittance value for opaque walls found in Table 13-1 or 13-2.
Uvgt = The thermal transmittance value for vertical glazing found in Table 13-1 or 13-2 which corresponds to the proposed total glazing area as a percent of gross exterior wall area.
Udt = The thermal transmittance value for opaque doors found in Table 13-1 or 13-2.
Uft = The thermal transmittance value for floors over unconditioned space found in Table 13-1 or 13-2.
Fst = The F-factor for slab-on-grade and radiant slab floors found in Table 13-1 or 13-2.
Ubgwt = The thermal transmittance value for opaque walls found in Table 13-1 or 13-2.
Adt = The proposed opaque door area, Ad.
Aft = The proposed floor over unconditioned space area, Af.
Pst = The proposed lineal feet of slab-on-grade and radiant slab floor perimeter, Ps.
Abgwt = The proposed below grade wall area, Abgw.
and;
if the total amount of glazing area as a percent of gross exterior wall area does not exceed the maximum allowed in Table 13-1 or 13-2:
Arat = The proposed roof over attic area, Ara.
Aograt = The proposed overhead glazing area in roofs over attics, Aogra.
Aort = The proposed other roof area, Aor.
Aogort = The proposed overhead glazing area in other roofs, Aogor.
Awt = The proposed opaque above grade wall area, Aw.
Avgt = The proposed vertical glazing area, Avg.
or;
if the total amount of glazing area as a percent of gross exterior wall area exceeds the maximum allowed in Table 13-1 or 13-2:
Arat = The greater of:

the proposed roof over attic area, and

the gross roof over attic area minus Aograt.
Aograt = The lesser of:

proposed overhead glazing area in roofs over attics, and

the maximum allowed glazing area from Table 13-1 or 13-2.
Aort = The greater of:

the proposed other roof area, and

the gross other roof area minus Aogort.
Aogort = The lesser of:

the proposed overhead glazing area in other roofs, and

the maximum allowed glazing area from Table 13-1 or 13-2 minus Aograt.
Awt = The greater of:

proposed opaque above grade wall area, and

the gross exterior above grade wall area minus Adt minus Avgt.
Avgt = The lesser of:

the proposed vertical glazing area, and

the maximum allowed glazing area from Table 13-1 or 13-2 minus Aograt minus Aogort.
align="center"

EQUATION 13-2
Proposed UAp

UAp = UraAra+UorAor+UogAog+UwAw+UdAd+UvgAvg+UfAf+FsPs+UbgwAbgw
Where:
UAp = The combined proposed specific heat transfer of the gross exterior wall, floor and roof/ceiling assembly area.
Ura = The thermal transmittance of the roof over attic area.
Ara = Opaque roof over attic area.
Uor = The thermal transmittance of the other roof area.
Aor = Opaque other roof area.
Uog = The thermal transmittance for the overhead glazing
Aog = Overhead glazing area.
Uw = The thermal transmittance of the opaque wall area.
Aw = Opaque above grade wall area (not including opaque doors).
Uvg = The thermal transmittance of the vertical glazing area.
Avg = Vertical glazing area.
Ud = The thermal transmittance value of the opaque door area.
Ad = Opaque door area.
Uf = The thermal transmittance of the floor over unconditioned space area.
Af = Floor area over unconditioned space.
Fs = Slab-on-grade or radiant floor component F-factor.
Ps = Lineal feet of slab-on-grade or radiant floor perimeter.
Ubgw = The thermal transmittance value of the below grade wall area.
Abgw = Below grade wall area as defined in Tables 13-1 or 13-2.
NOTE: Where more than one type of wall, window, roof/ceiling, door and skylight is used, the U and A terms for those items shall be expanded into sub-elements as:
Uw1Aw1+Uw2Aw2+Uw3Aw3+...etc.
align="center"

EQUATION 13-3

Target SHGCAt

SHGCAt = SHGCt (Aograt + Aogort + Avgt)
Where:
SHGCAt = The target combined specific heat gain of the target glazing area.
SHGCt = The solar heat gain coefficient for glazing found in Table 13-1 or 13-2 which corresponds to the proposed total glazing area as a percent of gross exterior wall area, and
Aograt, Aogort, and Avgt are defined under Equation 13-1.

align="center"

EQUATION 13-4

Proposed SHGCAp

SHGCAp = SHGCogAog + SHGCvgAvg
Where
SHGCAt = The combined proposed specific heat gain of the proposed glazing area.
SHGCog = The solar heat gain coefficient of the overhead glazing.
Aog = The overhead glazing area.
SHGCvg = The solar heat gain coefficient of the vertical glazing.
Avg = The vertical glazing area.


TABLE 13-1

BUILDING ENVELOPE REQUIREMENTS FOR CLIMATE ZONE 1

MINIMUM INSULATION R-VALUES OR

MAXIMUM COMPONENT U-FACTORS FOR ZONE 1



     Building Components

Space Heat Type Components
Roofs

Over

Attic

 All Other Roofs Opaque Walls1,2 Opaque Doors Floor

Over

Uncond

Space

 Slab On Grade5
1. Electric resistance heat** R-38 or U = 0.031 R-30 or U = 0.034 R-19 or U = 0.062 U = 0.60 R-30 or U = 0.029 R-10 or

F = 0.54
2. All others including Heat pumps and VAV R-30 or

U = 0.036

 R-21 or

((U = 0.050)) U = 0.046

 ((R-11 or

U= 0.14)) (a) Metal framing: R-19 or U = 0.109

(b) Wood framing and framing other than metal: R-19 or U =0.062

 U = 0.60 R-19 or U = 0.056 R-10 or

F = 0.54

** Compliance with nominal prescriptive R-values requires wood framing.

MAXIMUM GLAZING AREAS AND U-FACTORS AND

MAXIMUM GLAZING SOLAR HEAT GAIN COEFFICIENTS

FOR ZONE 1



     Glazing

((Maximum Glazing

Area as % of Wall

 0% to 15% >15% to 20% >20% to 30% >30% to 40%

Maximum

U-Factor

 Max. SHGC4 Maximum

U-Factor

 Max. SHGC4 Maximum

U-Factor

 Max. SHGC4 Maximum

U-Factor

 Max. SHGC4
VG OG VG OG VG OG VG OG
1. Electric resistance heat 0.40 0.80 1.0 0.40 0.80 1.0 PRESCRIPTIVE PATH NOT ALLOWED
2. All others including Heat pumps and VAV 0.90 1.45 1.0 0.75 1.40 1.0 0.60 1.30 0.65 0.50 1.25 0.45))

Maximum Glazing

Area as % of Wall

 0% to 30% >30% to 45%

Maximum

U-Factor

 Max. SHGC4 Maximum

U-Factor

 Max. SHGC4
VG OG VG OG
1. Electric resistance heat 0.40 0.60 0.40 PRESCRIPTIVE PATH NOT ALLOWED
2. All others including heat pumps and VAV 0.55 0.70 0.45 0.45 0.60 0.40


Footnotes
1. Below Grade Walls:
When complying by the prescriptive approach, Section 1322:
a) Walls insulated on the interior shall use opaque wall values,
b) Walls insulated on the exterior shall use a minimum of R-10 insulation,
c) Walls shall be insulated for the first 10 feet below grade. (There shall be no credit for those portions of below grade walls and footings that are more than 10 feet below grade, and ((not)) those portions below 10 feet shall not be included in the gross exterior wall area((, may be left uninsulated))).
When complying by the component performance approach, Section 1331:
a) Walls insulated on the interior shall use the opaque wall values when determining Ubgwt,
b) Walls insulated on the exterior shall use a target U-factor of U = 0.070 for Ubgwt,
c) The calculations shall include the first 10 feet of walls below grade. (Those portions of below grade walls and footings that are more than 10 feet below grade((, and not)) shall not be included in the gross exterior wall area((, need)) and shall not be included when determining Abgwt and Abgw).
2. Concrete Masonry Walls: If the area weighted heat capacity of the total opaque above grade wall is a minimum of 9.0 Btu/ft2•°F, then ((the U-factor may be increased to 0.19 for interior insulation and 0.25 for integral and exterior insulation for insulation position as defined in Chapter 2. Individual walls with heat capacities less than 9.0 Btu/ft2•°F and below grade walls shall meet opaque wall requirements listed above. Glazing shall comply with the following)):    
a. The area weighted average U-factor may be increased to U-0.15 maximum, or minimum additional R-5.7 continuous insulation uninterrupted by framing; or
b. The wall may be ASTM C90 concrete block walls, ungrouted or partially grouted at 32 in. or less on center vertically and 48 in. or less on center horizontally, with ungrouted cores filled with material having a maximum thermal conductivity of 0.44 Btu/ft2•°F.

Individual walls with heat capacities less than 9.0 Btu/ft2•°F and below grade walls shall meet opaque wall requirements listed above. Glazing shall comply with the glazing requirements listed above.


((Maximum Glazing

Area as % of Wall

 0 to 10 % >10 to 15 % >15% to 20 % >20% to 25 %
Maximum

U-Factor

 Max. SHGC4 Maximum

U-Factor

 Max. SHGC4 Maximum

U-Factor

 Max. SHGC4 Maximum

U-Factor

 Max. SHGC4
VG OG VG OG VG OG VG OG
1. Electric resistance heat 0.40 0.80 1.0 0.40 0.80 1.0 0.40 0.80 1.0 NOT ALLOWED
2. All others including Heat pumps and VAV 0.90 1.45 1.0 0.75 1.40 1.0 0.65 1.30 0.80 0.60 1.30 0.65))

3. ((Reserved.)) Roof Types: A roof over attic is where the roof structure has at least 30 inches clear distance from the top of the bottom chord of a truss or ceiling joist to the underside of the sheathing at the roof ridge, and the ceiling is attached to the ceiling joist or the bottom of the truss or ceiling joist. Anything else is considered all other roofs.
4. SHGC (Solar Heat Gain Coefficient per Section 1312.2): May substitute Maximum Shading Coefficient (SC) for SHGC (See Chapter 2 for definition of Shading Coefficient).
5. Radiant Floors: Where insulation is required under the entire slab, radiant floors shall use a minimum of R-10 insulation or F= 0.55 maximum. Where insulation is not required under the entire slab, radiant floors shall use R-10 perimeter insulation according to Section 1311.6 or F= 0.78 maximum.


TABLE 13-2

BUILDING ENVELOPE REQUIREMENTS

FOR CLIMATE ZONE 2

MINIMUM INSULATION R-VALUES OR

MAXIMUM COMPONENT U-FACTORS FOR ZONE 2



     Building Components

Space Heat Type Components
Roofs

Over

Attic

 All Other Roofs Opaque Walls1,2 Opaque Doors Floor

Over

Uncond

Space

 Slab On Grade
1. Electric resistance heat**

 R-38 or

U = 0.031

 R-30 or

U = 0.034

 R-24 or

U = 0.044

 U = 0.60 R-30 or

U = 0.029

 R-10 or

F = 0.54
2. All others including Heat pumps and VAV R-38 or

U = 0.031

 R-25 or

((U =0.040)) U = 0.039

 ((R-19 or

U = 0.11)) (a) Metal framing: R-13 cavity insul. +R-3.8 continuous insul. or U = 0.084

(b) Wood framing and framing other than metal: R-19 or U = 0.062

 U = 0.60 R-21 or

U = 0.047

 R-10 or

F = 0.54

** Compliance with nominal prescriptive R-values requires wood framing.

MAXIMUM GLAZING AREAS AND U-FACTORS AND

MAXIMUM GLAZING SOLAR HEAT GAIN COEFFICIENTS

FOR ZONE 2



     Glazing

((Maximum Glazing

Area as % of Wall

 0% to 15% >15% to 20% >20% to 25% >25% to 30%
Maximum

U-Factor

 Max. SHGC4 Maximum

U-Factor

 Max. SHGC4 Maximum

U-Factor

 Max. SHGC4 Maximum

U-Factor

 Max. SHGC4
VG OG VG OG VG OG VG OG
1. Electric resistance heat 0.40 0.80 1.0 0.40 0.80 1.0 PRESCRIPTIVE PATH NOT ALLOWED
2. All others including Heat pumps and VAV 0.90 1.45 1.0 0.75 1.40 1.0 0.60 1.30 0.60 0.50 1.25 0.50))

Maximum Glazing

Area as % of Wall

 0% to 30% >30% to 45%

Maximum

U-Factor

 Max. SHGC4 Maximum

U-Factor

 Max. SHGC4
VG OG VG OG
1. Electric resistance heat 0.40 0.60 0.40 PRESCRIPTIVE PATH NOT ALLOWED
2. All others including heat pumps and VAV 0.55 0.70 0.45 0.45 0.60 0.40


Footnotes
1. Below Grade Walls:
When complying by the prescriptive approach, Section 1322:
a) Walls insulated on the interior shall use opaque wall values,
b) Walls insulated on the exterior shall use a minimum of R-12 insulation,
c) Walls shall be insulated for the first 10 feet below grade. (There shall be no credit for insulating those portions of below grade walls and footings that are more than 10 feet below grade, and ((not)) those portions below 10 feet shall not be included in the gross exterior wall area((, may be left uninsulated))).
When complying by the component performance approach, Section 1331:
a) Walls insulated on the interior shall use the opaque wall values when determining Ubgwt,
b) Walls insulated on the exterior shall use a target U-factor of U= 0.061 for Ubgwt,
c) The calculations shall include the first 10 feet of walls below grade. (Those portions of below grade walls and footings that are more than 10 feet below grade((, and not)) shall not be included in the gross exterior wall area((, need)) and shall not be included when determining Abgwt and Abgw).
2. Concrete Masonry Walls: If the area weighted heat capacity of the total opaque above grade wall is a minimum of 9.0 Btu/ft2•°F, then the U-factor may be increased to ((0.19 for interior insulation and 0.25 for integral and exterior insulation for insulation position as defined in Chapter 2)) 0.123 maximum, or minimum additional R-7.6 continuous insulation uninterrupted by framing. Individual walls with heat capacities less than 9.0 Btu/ft2•°F and below grade walls shall meet opaque wall requirements listed above. Glazing shall comply with the ((following:)) glazing requirements above.

((Maximum Glazing

Area as % of Wall

 0 to 5 % >5 to 7 % >7% to 10 % >10% to 15 %

Maximum

U-Factor

 Max. SHGC4 Maximum

U-Factor

 Max. SHGC4 Maximum

U-Factor

 Max. SHGC4 Maximum

U-Factor

 Max. SHGC4
VG OG VG OG VG OG VG OG
1. Electric resistance heat 0.40 0.80 1.0 0.40 0.80 1.0 0.40 0.80 1.0 NOT ALLOWED
2. All others including Heat pumps and VAV 0.90 1.45 1.0 0.60 1.30 0.70 0.50 1.25 0.50 0.40 0.80 0.40))

3. ((Reserved.)) Roof Types: A roof over attic is where the roof structure has at least 30 inches clear distance from the top of the bottom chord of a truss or ceiling joist to the underside of the sheathing at the roof ridge, and the ceiling is attached to the ceiling joist or the bottom of the truss or ceiling joist. Anything else is considered all other roofs.
4. SHGC (Solar Heat Gain Coefficient per Section 1312.2): May substitute Maximum Shading Coefficient (SC) for SHGC (See Chapter 2 for definition of Shading Coefficient).
5. Radiant Floors: Where insulation is required under the entire slab, radiant floors shall use a minimum of R-10 insulation or F= 0.55 maximum. Where insulation is not required under the entire slab, radiant floors shall use R-10 perimeter insulation according to Section 1311.6 or F= 0.78 maximum.

[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 01-03-010, § 51-11-1334, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01; 98-03-003, § 51-11-1334, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025. 93-21-052, § 51-11-1334, filed 10/18/93, effective 4/1/94.]

     Reviser's note: The brackets and enclosed material in the text of the above section occurred in the copy filed by the agency and appear in the Register pursuant to the requirements of RCW 34.08.040.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 02-01-112, filed 12/18/01, effective 7/1/02)

WAC 51-11-1413   Economizers.  


1413.1 Operation: Air economizers shall be capable of automatically modulating outside and return air dampers to provide 100 percent of the design supply air as outside air to reduce or eliminate the need for mechanical cooling. Air economizers shall be used for RS-29 analysis base case for all systems without exceptions in Sections 1413, 1423, or 1433. Water economizers shall be capable of providing the total concurrent cooling load served by the connected terminal equipment lacking airside economizer, at outside air temperatures of 45°F dry-bulb/40°F wet-bulb and below. For this calculation, all factors including solar and internal load shall be the same as those used for peak load calculations, except for the outside temperatures.


EXCEPTION: Water economizers using air-cooled heat rejection equipment may use a 35°F dry-bulb outside air temperature for this calculation. This exception is limited to a maximum of 20 tons per building.

1413.2 Documentation: Water economizer plans submitted for approval shall include the following information:


     1. Maximum outside air conditions for which economizer is sized to provide full cooling.

     2. Design cooling load to be provided by economizer at this outside air condition.

     3. Heat rejection and terminal equipment performance data including model number, flow rate, capacity, entering and leaving temperature in full economizer cooling mode.


1413.3 Integrated Operation: The HVAC system and its controls shall allow economizer operation when mechanical cooling is required simultaneously. Air and water economizers shall be capable of providing partial cooling even when additional mechanical cooling is required to meet the remainder of the cooling load.


EXCEPTIONS: 1. Individual, direct expansion units that have a rated capacity less than 65,000 Btu/h and use nonintegrated economizer controls that preclude simultaneous operation of the economizer and mechanical cooling.
2. Water-cooled water chillers with waterside economizer.

1413.4 Humidification: If an air economizer is required on a cooling system for which humidification equipment is to be provided to maintain minimum indoor humidity levels, then the humidifier shall be of the adiabatic type (direct evaporative media or fog atomization type) that cools return air while humidifying outside air while in economizer. If a water economizer or no economizer is provided, the isothermal type of humidifier may be used (steam injection, gas, electric resistance or infrared generator type that uses new energy to boil moisture to be added).

EXCEPTION: Health care facilities where WAC 246-320-525 allows only steam injection humidifiers in ductwork downstream of final filters.

[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 02-01-112, § 51-11-1413, filed 12/18/01, effective 7/1/02. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025. 93-21-052, § 51-11-1413, filed 10/18/93, effective 4/1/94.]


AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 02-01-112, filed 12/18/01, effective 7/1/02)

WAC 51-11-1423   Economizers.   Economizers meeting the requirements of Section 1413 shall be installed on ((single package unitary fan-)):

     a. Cooling units installed outdoors or in a mechanical room adjacent to outdoors having a ((supply capacity of greater than 1,900 cfm or a total)) cooling capacity greater than ((54,000)) 20,000 Btu/h including those serving computer server rooms, electronic equipment, radio equipment, telephone switchgear; and

     b. Other cooling units with a total cooling capacity greater than 54,000 Btu/h, including those serving computer server rooms, electronic equipment, radio equipment, and telephone switchgear.


     The total capacity of all units without economizers (i.e., those units with a total cooling capacity less than a. and b. above) shall not exceed 240,000 Btu/h per building, or 10% of its aggregate cooling (economizer) capacity, whichever is greater. That portion of the equipment serving Group R Occupancy is not included in determining the total capacity of all units without economizers in a building.

[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 02-01-112, § 51-11-1423, filed 12/18/01, effective 7/1/02; 01-03-010, § 51-11-1423, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01; 98-03-003, § 51-11-1423, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025. 93-21-052, § 51-11-1423, filed 10/18/93, effective 4/1/94.]

OPTION 1
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 02-01-112, filed 12/18/01, effective 7/1/02)

WAC 51-11-1433   Economizers.   Air economizers meeting the requirements of Section 1413 shall be provided on all new systems including those serving computer server rooms, electronic equipment, radio equipment, telephone switchgear.


EXCEPTIONS: 1. ((Single package unitary fan-cooling units installed outdoors or in a mechanical room adjacent to outdoors with a total cooling capacity less than 20,000 Btu/h. Other single package unitary fan-cooling units with a total cooling capacity less than 54,000 Btu/h. The total capacity of all such systems without economizers shall not exceed 240,000 Btu/h per building, or 10% of its air economizer capacity, whichever is greater. That portion of the equipment serving Group R Occupancy is not included in determining the total capacity of all units without economizers in a building.)) High-efficiency cooling units with EER values more than 10% higher than minimum efficiencies listed in Tables 14-1A, 14-1B and 14-1D, in the appropriate size category, using the same test procedures. The total capacity of all systems without economizers shall not exceed 480,000 Btu/h per building, or 20% of its air economizer capacity, whichever is greater. That portion of the equipment serving Group R Occupancy is not included in determining the total capacity of all units without economizers in a building. This exception shall not be used for RS-29 analysis nor include unitary cooling equipment installed outdoors nor in a mechanical room adjacent to outdoors.
2. Water-cooled refrigeration equipment provided with a water economizer meeting the requirements of Section 1413. Water economizer capacity per building shall not exceed 500 tons. This exception shall not be used for RS-29 analysis.
3. Systems for which at least 75% of the annual energy used for mechanical cooling is provided from site-recovery or site-solar energy source.
4. Systems where special outside air filtration and treatment, for the reduction and treatment of unusual outdoor contaminants, makes an air economizer infeasible.
5. Systems that affect other systems (such as dehumidification and supermarket refrigeration systems) so as to increase the overall building energy consumption. New humidification equipment shall comply with Section 1413.4.
6. Systems complying with all of the following criteria:
a. Consist of multiple water source heat pumps connected to a common water loop;
b. Have a minimum of 60% air economizer;
c. Have water source heat pumps with an EER at least 15% higher for cooling and a COP at least 15% higher for heating than that specified in Section 1411;
d. Where provided, have a central boiler or furnace efficiency of:
i. 90% minimum for units up to 199,000 Btu/h; and
ii. 85% minimum for units above 199,000 Btu/h input; and
e. Provide heat recovery with a minimum 50% heat recovery effectiveness as defined in Section 1436 to preheat the outside air supply.
7. For Group R Occupancy, cooling units installed outdoors or in a mechanical room adjacent to outdoors with a total cooling capacity less than 20,000 Btu/h and other cooling units with a total cooling capacity less than 54,000 Btu/h.

[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 02-01-112, § 51-11-1433, filed 12/18/01, effective 7/1/02; 01-03-010, § 51-11-1433, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01; 98-03-003, § 51-11-1433, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025. 93-21-052, § 51-11-1433, filed 10/18/93, effective 4/1/94.]

OPTION 2
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 02-01-112, filed 12/18/01, effective 7/1/02)

WAC 51-11-1433   Economizers.   Air economizers meeting the requirements of Section 1413 shall be provided on all new systems including those serving computer server rooms, electronic equipment, radio equipment, telephone switchgear.


EXCEPTIONS: 1. ((Single package unitary fan-)) Cooling units installed outdoors or in a mechanical room adjacent to outdoors with a total cooling capacity less than 20,000 Btu/h. Other ((single package unitary fan-)) cooling units with a total cooling capacity less than 54,000 Btu/h. The total capacity of all such systems without economizers shall not exceed 240,000 Btu/h per building, or 10% of its air economizer capacity, whichever is greater. That portion of the equipment serving Group R Occupancy is not included in determining the total capacity of all units without economizers in a building.
2. Water-cooled refrigeration equipment provided with a water economizer meeting the requirements of Section 1413. Water economizer capacity per building shall not exceed 500 tons. This exception shall not be used for RS-29 analysis.
3. Systems for which at least 75% of the annual energy used for mechanical cooling is provided from site-recovery or site-solar energy source.
4. Systems where special outside air filtration and treatment, for the reduction and treatment of unusual outdoor contaminants, makes an air economizer infeasible.
5. Systems that affect other systems (such as dehumidification and supermarket refrigeration systems) so as to increase the overall building energy consumption. New humidification equipment shall comply with Section 1413.4.

[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 02-01-112, § 51-11-1433, filed 12/18/01, effective 7/1/02; 01-03-010, § 51-11-1433, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01; 98-03-003, § 51-11-1433, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025. 93-21-052, § 51-11-1433, filed 10/18/93, effective 4/1/94.]


AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 02-01-112, filed 12/18/01, effective 7/1/02)

WAC 51-11-1437   Electric motor efficiency.   Design A & B squirrel-cage, T-frame induction permanently wired polyphase motors of 1 hp or more having synchronous speeds of 3,600, 1,800 and 1,200 rpm shall have a nominal full-load motor efficiency no less than the corresponding values for energy efficient motors provided in Table 14-4.


EXCEPTIONS: 1. Motors used in systems designed to use more than one speed of a multispeed motor.
2. Motors used as a component of the equipment meeting the minimum equipment efficiency requirements of Section 1411 and Tables 14-1A through 14-1G provided that the motor input is included when determining the equipment efficiency.
3. Motors that are an integral part of specialized process equipment.
4. Where the motor is integral to a listed piece of equipment for which no complying motor has been approved.

     Fan motors less than 1 hp in series terminal units shall:

     a. Be electronically-commutated motors; or

     b. Have a minimum motor efficiency of 65% when rated in accordance with NEMA Standard MG-1 at full load rating conditions.

[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 02-01-112, § 51-11-1437, filed 12/18/01, effective 7/1/02. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025. 93-21-052, § 51-11-1437, filed 10/18/93, effective 4/1/94.]


AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 02-01-112, filed 12/18/01, effective 7/1/02)

WAC 51-11-1454   Pool covers.   Heated pools shall be equipped with a vapor retardant pool cover on or at the water surface. Pools heated to more than 90 degrees F shall have a pool cover with a minimum insulation value of R-12.


Table 14-1A

Unitary Air Conditioners and Condensing Units, Electrically Operated, Minimum Efficiency Requirements


Equipment Type Size Category Sub-Category or Rating Condition Minimum Efficiencyb Test Procedurea
Air Conditioners, Air Cooled < 65,000 Btu/hd Split System ARI 210/240
Before January 23, 2006 10.0 SEER
After January 23, 2006 12.0 SEER
Single Package
Before January 23, 2006 9.7 SEER
After January 23, 2006 12.0 SEER
≥ 65,000 Btu/h and

     < 135,000 Btu/h

 Split System and

     Single Package

 10.3 EERc
≥ 135,000 Btu/h and

     < 240,000 Btu/h

 Split System and

     Single Package

 9.7 EERc ARI 340/360
≥ 240,000 Btu/h and

     < 760,000 Btu/h

 Split System and

     Single Package

 9.5 EERc

     9.7 IPLVc
≥ 760,000 Btu/h Split System and

     Single Package

 9.2 EERc

     9.4 IPLVc
Through-the-Wall, Air Cooled < 30,000 Btu/hd Split System ARI 210/240
Before January 23, 2006 10.0 SEER
After January 23, 2006 10.9 SEER
Single Package
Before January 23, 2006 9.7 SEER
After January 23, 2006 10.6 SEER
Small-Duct High-Velocity, Air Cooled < 65,000 Btu/hd Split System 10.0 SEER ARI 210/240
Air Conditioners, Water and Evaporatively Cooled < 65,000 Btu/h Split System and

     Single Package

 12.1 EER ARI 210/240
≥ 65,000 Btu/h and

     < 135,000 Btu/h

 Split System and

     Single Package

 11.5 EERc
≥ 135,000 Btu/h and

     ≤ 240,000 Btu/h

 Split System and

     Single Package

 11.0 EERc ARI 340/360
> 240,000 Btu/h Split System and

     Single Package

 11.0 EERc

     10.3 IPLVc
Condensing Units, Air Cooled ≥ 135,000 Btu/h 10.1 EER

     11.2 IPLV

 ARI 365
Condensing Units, Water or Evaporatively Cooled ≥ 135,000 Btu/h 13.1 EER

     13.1 IPLV
a Reserved.

b IPLVs are only applicable to equipment with capacity modulation.

c Deduct 0.2 from the required EERs and IPLVs for units with a heating section other than electric resistance heat.

d Single-phase air-cooled air-conditioners < 65,000 Btu/h are regulated by NAECA. SEER values are those set by NAECA.


Table 14-1B

     Unitary and Applied Heat Pumps, Electrically Operated, Minimum Efficiency Requirements



Equipment Type Size Category Sub-Category or Rating Condition Minimum Efficiencyb Test Procedurea
Air Cooled, (Cooling Mode) < 65,000 Btu/hd Split System ARI 210/240
Before January 23, 2006 10.0 SEER
After January 23, 2006 12.0 SEER
Single Package
Before January 23, 2006 9.7 SEER
After January 23, 2006 12.0 SEER
≥ 65,000 Btu/h and

     < 135,000 Btu/h

 Split System and

     Single Package

 10.1 EERc
≥ 135,000 Btu/h and

     < 240,000 Btu/h

 Split System and

     Single Package

 9.3 EERc ARI 340/360

    

≥ 240,000 Btu/h Split System and

     Single Package

 9.0 EERc

     9.2 IPLVc
Through-the-Wall (Air Cooled, Cooling Mode) < 30,000 Btu/hd Split System ARI 210/240
Before January 23, 2006 10.0 SEER
After January 23, 2006 10.9 SEER
Single Package
Before January 23, 2006 9.7 SEER
After January 23, 2006 10.6 SEER
Small-Duct High-Velocity (Air Cooled, Cooling Mode) < 65,000 Btu/hd Split System 10.0 SEER ARI 210/240
Water-Source

(Cooling Mode)

 < 17,000 Btu/h 86°F Entering Water 11.2 EER ARI/ISO-13256-1
≥ 17,000 Btu/h and

     < 65,000 Btu/h

 86°F Entering Water 12.0 EER ARI/ISO-13256-1
≥ 65,000 Btu/h and

     < 135,000 Btu/h

 86°F Entering Water 12.0 EER ARI/ISO-13256-1
Groundwater-Source (Cooling Mode) < 135,000 Btu/h 59°F Entering Water 16.2 EER ARI/ISO-13256-1
Ground Source

(Cooling Mode)

                   

< 135,000 Btu/h 77°F Entering Water 13.4 EER ARI/ISO-13256-1
Air Cooled

(Heating Mode)

 < 65,000 Btu/hd

(Cooling Capacity)

 Split System ARI 210/240
Before January 23, 2006 6.8 HSPF
After January 23, 2006 7.4 HSPF
Single Package
Before January 23, 2006 6.6 HSPF
After January 23, 2006 7.4 HSPF
≥ 65,000 Btu/h and

     < 135,000 Btu/h

     (Cooling Capacity)

 47°F db/43°F wb Outdoor Air

     17°F db/15°F wb Outdoor Air

 3.2 COP


     2.2 COP
≥ 135,000 Btu/h

     (Cooling Capacity)

 47°F db/43°F wb Outdoor Air

     17°F db/15°F wb Outdoor Air

 3.1 COP


     2.0 COP

 ARI 340/360

    

Through-the-Wall (Air Cooled, Heating Mode) < 30,000 Btu/hd Split System ARI 210/240
Before January 23, 2006 6.8 HSPF
After January 23, 2006 7.1 HSPF
Single Package
Before January 23, 2006 6.6 HSPF
After January 23, 2006 7.0 HSPF
Small-Duct High-Velocity (Air Cooled, Heating Mode) < 65,000 Btu/hd Split System 6.8 HSPF ARI 210/240
Water-Source

(Heating Mode)

 < 135,000 Btu/h

(Cooling Capacity)

 68°F Entering Water 4.2 COP ARI/ISO-13256-1
Groundwater-Source

(Heating Mode)

 < 135,000 Btu/h

(Cooling Capacity)

 50°F Entering Water 3.6 COP ARI/ISO-13256-1
Ground Source

(Heating Mode)

 < 135,000 Btu/h

(Cooling Capacity)

 32°F Entering Water 3.1 COP ARI/ISO-13256-1
a Reserved.

b IPLVs and part load rating conditions are only applicable to equipment with capacity modulation.

c Deduct 0.2 from the required EERs and IPLVs for units with a heating section other than electric resistance heat.

d Single-phase air-cooled heat pumps < 65,000 Btu/h are regulated by NAECA. SEER and HSPF values are those set by NAECA.


Table 14-1C

     Water Chilling Packages, Minimum Efficiency Requirements


         
Equipment Type Size Category Sub-Category or Rating Condition Minimum

Efficiencyb

 Test Procedurea
Air Cooled, With Condenser,

     Electrically Operated

 All Capacities 2.80 COP

     3.05 IPLV

 ARI 550/590
Air Cooled,

     Without Condenser,

     Electrically Operated

 All Capacities 3.10 COP

     3.45 IPLV
Water Cooled, Electrically Operated, Positive Displacement

     (Reciprocating)

 All Capacities 4.20 COP

     5.05 IPLV

 ARI 550/590
Water Cooled,

     Electrically Operated,

     Positive Displacement

     (Rotary Screw and Scroll)

 < 150 Tons 4.45 COP

     5.20 IPLV

 ARI 550/590
≥ 150 Tons and

     < 300 Tons

 4.90 COP

     5.60 IPLV
≥ 300 Tons 5.50 COP

     6.15 IPLV
Water Cooled, Electrically Operated, Centrifugal < 150 Tons 5.00 COP

     5.25 IPLV

 ARI 550/590
≥ 150 Tons and

     < 300 Tons

 5.55 COP

     5.90 IPLV
≥ 300 Tons 6.10 COP

     6.40 IPLV
Air Cooled Absorption

     Single Effect

All Capacities 0.60 COP

    

Water Cooled Absorption

     Single Effect

 All Capacities 0.70 COP
Absorption Double Effect,

     Indirect-Fired

 All Capacities 1.00 COP

     1.05 IPLV

 ARI 560
Absorption Double Effect,

     Direct-Fired

 All Capacities 1.00 COP

     1.00 IPLV
a Reserved.

b The chiller equipment requirements do not apply for chillers used in low temperature applications where the design leaving fluid temperature is less than or equal to 40°F.


Table 14-1D

     Packaged Terminal Air Conditioners, Packaged Terminal Heat Pumps, Room Air Conditioners, and Room Air Conditioner Heat Pumps, Electrically Operated, Minimum Efficiency Requirements



Equipment Type Size Category (Input) Sub-Category or Rating Condition Minimum

Efficiencyb

 Test Procedurea
PTAC (Cooling Mode)

     New Construction

 All Capacities 95°F db Outdoor Air 12.5 - (0.213 x Cap/1000)b EER

    

PTAC (Cooling Mode) Replacementsc All Capacities 95°F db Outdoor Air 10.9 - (0.213 x Cap/1000)b EER ARI 310/380
PTHP (Cooling Mode)

     New Construction

 All Capacities 95°F db Outdoor Air 12.3 - (0.213 x Cap/1000)b EER
PTHP (Cooling Mode)

     Replacementsc

 All Capacities 95°F db Outdoor Air 10.8 - (0.213 x Cap/1000)b EER
PTHP (Heating Mode)

     New Construction

 All Capacities

    

3.2 - (0.026 x Cap/1000)b COP
PTHP (Heating Mode)

     Replacementsc

 All Capacities 2.9 - (0.026 x Cap/1000)b COP

    

SPVAC (Cooling Mode) All Capacities 95°F db/75°F wb Outdoor Air 8.6 EER ARI-390
SPVHP (Cooling Mode) All Capacities 95°F db/75°F wb Outdoor Air 8.6 EER
SPVAC (Heating Mode) All Capacities 47°F db/43°F wb Outdoor Air 2.7 COP
Room Air Conditioners, with Louvered Sides < 6,000 Btu/h 9.7 EER ANSI/AHAM RAC-1
≥ 6,000 Btu/h and

     < 8,000 Btu/h

 9.7 EER
≥ 8,000 Btu/h and

     < 14,000 Btu/h

 9.8 EER
≥ 14,000 Btu/h and

     < 20,000 Btu/h

 9.7 EER
≥ 20,000 Btu/h 8.5 EER
Room Air Conditioners, without Louvered Sides < 8,000 Btu/h 9.0 EER
≥ 8,000 Btu/h and

     < 20,000 Btu/h

 8.5 EER
≥ 20,000 Btu/h 8.5 EER
Room Air Conditioner Heat Pumps with Louvered Sides < 20,000 Btu/h 9.0 EER
≥ 20,000 Btu/h 8.5 EER
Room Air Conditioner Heat Pumps without Louvered Sides < 14,000 Btu/h 8.5 EER
≥ 14,000 Btu/h 8.0 EER
Room Air Conditioner, Casement Only All Capacities 8.7 EER
Room Air Conditioner, Casement –Slider All Capacities 9.5 EER
a Reserved.

b Cap means the rated cooling capacity of the product in Btu/h. If the unit's capacity is less than 7000 Btu/h, use 7000 Btu/h in the calculation. If the unit's capacity is greater than 15,000 Btu/h, use 15,000 Btu/h in the calculation.

c Replacement units must be factory labeled as follows: "MANUFACTURED FOR REPLACEMENT APPLICATIONS ONLY; NOT TO BE INSTALLED IN NEW CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS." Replacement efficiencies apply only to units with existing sleeves less than 16-in. high and less than 42-in. wide.

d Casement room air conditioners are not separate product classes under current minimum efficiency column.

e New room air conditioner standards, covered by NAECA became effective October 1, 2000.


Table 14-1E

     Warm Air Furnaces and Combination Warm Air Furnaces/Air-Conditioning Units, Warm Air Duct Furnaces and Unit Heaters, Minimum Efficiency Requirements



Equipment Type Size Category (Input) Sub-Category or Rating Condition Minimum Efficiencyb Test Procedurea
Warm Air Furnace,

     Gas-Fired

 < 225,000 Btu/h

     (66 kW)

 78% AFUE or

     80% Etc

 DOE 10 CFR

     Part 430 or

     ANSI Z21.47
≥ 225,000 Btu/h

     (66 kW)

 Maximum Capacityc


     Minimum Capacityc

 80% Ecf ANSI Z21.47
Warm Air Furnace,

     Oil-Fired

 < 225,000 Btu/h

     (66 kW)

 78% AFUE or


     80% Etc

 DOE 10 CFR Part 430 or

     UL 727
≥ 225,000 Btu/h

     (66 kW)

 Maximum Capacityb


     Minimum Capacityb

 81% Etg

     ____

    

UL 727
Warm Air

     Duct Furnaces,

     Gas-Fired

 All Capacities Maximum Capacityb


     Minimum Capacityb

 80% Ece

     ____

    

     ANSI Z83.9
Warm Air Unit Heaters,

     Gas-Fired

 All Capacities Maximum Capacityb


     Minimum Capacityb

 80% Ece

     ____

    

     ANSI Z83.8

    

Warm Air

     Unit Heaters,

     Oil-Fired

 All Capacities Maximum Capacityb


     Minimum Capacityb

 80% Ece

     ____

    

UL 731
a Reserved.

b Minimum and maximum ratings as provided for and allowed by the unit's controls.

c Combination units not covered by NAECA (3-phase power or cooling capacity greater than or equal to 65,000 Btu/h [19 kW]) may comply with either rating.

d Et = Thermal efficiency. See test procedure for detailed discussion.

e Ec = Combustion efficiency (100% less flue losses). See test procedure for detailed discussion.

f Ec = Combustion efficiency. Units must also include an IID, have jacket losses not exceeding 0.75% of the input rating, and have either power venting or a flue damper. A vent damper is an acceptable alternative to a flue damper for those furnaces where combustion air is drawn from the conditioned space.

g Et = Thermal efficiency. Units must also include an IID, have jacket losses not exceeding 0.75% of the input rating, and have either power venting or a flue damper. A vent damper is an acceptable alternative to a flue damper for those furnaces where combustion air is drawn from the conditioned space.


Table 14-1F

     Boilers, Gas- and Oil-Fired, Minimum Efficiency Requirements



Equipment Typef Size Category Sub-Category or Rating Condition Minimum Efficiencyb Test Procedure
Boilers, Gas-Fired < 300,000 Btu/h Hot Water 80% AFUE DOE 10 CFR

     Part 430
Steam 75% AFUE
≥ 300,000 Btu/h and ≤ 2,500,000 Btu/h Maximum Capacityb 75% Et

     H.I. Htg Boiler Std

> 2,500,000 Btu/hf Hot Water 80% Ec
> 2,500,000 Btu/hf Steam 80% Ec
Boilers, Oil-Fired < 300,000 Btu/h 80% AFUE DOE 10 CFR

     Part 430
≥ 300,000 Btu/h and ≤ 2,500,000 Btu/h Maximum Capacityb

 78% Et

     H.I. Htg Boiler Std

> 2,500,000 Btu/hf Hot Water 83% Ec
> 2,500,000 Btu/hf Steam 83% Ec
Oil-Fired (Residual) ≥ 300,000 Btu/h and

     ≤ 2,500,000 Btu/h

 Maximum Capacityb 78% Et

H.I. Htg Boiler Std

> 2,500,000 Btu/hf Hot Water 83% Ec
> 2,500,000 Btu/hf Steam 83% Ec
a Reserved.

b Minimum and maximum ratings as provided for and allowed by the unit's controls.

c Ec = Combustion efficiency (100% less flue losses). See reference document for detailed information.

d Et = Thermal efficiency. See reference document for detailed information.

e Alternate test procedures used at the manufacturer's option are ASME PTC-4.1 for units over 5,000,000 Btu/h input, or ANSI Z21.13 for units greater than or equal to 300,000 Btu/h and less than or equal to 2,500,000 Btu/h input.

f These requirements apply to boilers with rated input of 8,000,000 Btu/h or less that are not packaged boilers, and to all packaged boilers. Minimum efficiency requirements for boilers cover all capacities of packaged boilers.


Table 14-1G

     Performance Requirements for Heat Rejection Equipment



Equipment Type Total System Heat Rejection Capacity at Rated Conditions Sub-Category or Rating Condition Minimum Efficiencyb Test Procedurec
Propeller or Axial Fan Cooling Towers All 95°F (35°C) Entering Water

     85°F (29°C) Leaving Water

     75°F (24°C) wb Outdoor Air

≥38.2 gpm/hp CTI ATC-105

     and

     CTI STD-201
Centrifugal Fan Cooling Towers All 95°F (35°C) Entering Water

     85°F (29°C) Leaving Water

     75°F (24°C) wb Outdoor Air

 ≥ 20.0 gpm/hp CTI ATC-105

     and

     CTI STD-201
Air Cooled Condensers All 125°F (52°C) Condensing Temperature

R22 Test Fluid

190°F (88°C) Entering Gas Temperature

15°F (8°C) Subcooling

95°F (35°C) Entering Drybulb

 ≥176,000 Btu/h•hp ARI 460
a For purposes of this table, cooling tower performance is defined as the maximum flow rating of the tower divided by the fan nameplate rated motor power.

b For purposes of this table air-cooled condenser performance is defined as the heat rejected from the refrigerant divided by the fan nameplate rated motor power.

c Reserved.



TABLE 14-2 RESERVED



TABLE 14-3 RESERVED

TABLE 14-4
Energy Efficient Electric Motors
Minimum Nominal Full-Load Efficiency


Open Motors Closed Motors
Synchronous

Speed (RPM)

 3,600 1,800 1,200 3,600 1,800 1,200
HP Efficiency Efficiency Efficiency Efficiency Efficiency Efficiency
1.0 - 82.5 80.0 75.5 82.5 80.0
1.5 82.5 84.0 84.0 82.5 84.0 85.5
2.0 84.0 84.0 85.5 84.0 84.0 86.5
3.0 84.0 86.5 86.5 85.5 87.5 87.5
5.0 85.5 87.5 87.5 87.5 87.5 87.5
7.5 87.5 88.5 88.5 88.5 89.5 89.5
10.0 88.5 89.5 90.2 89.5 89.5 89.5
15.0 89.5 91.0 90.2 90.2 91.0 90.2
20.0 90.2 91.0 91.0 90.2 91.0 90.2
25.0 91.0 91.7 91.7 91.0 92.4 91.7
30.0 91.0 92.4 92.4 91.0 92.4 91.7
40.0 91.7 93.0 93.0 91.7 93.0 93.0
50.0 92.4 93.0 93.0 92.4 93.0 93.0
60.0 93.0 93.6 93.6 93.0 93.6 93.6
75.0 93.0 94.1 93.6 93.0 94.1 93.6
100.0 93.0 94.1 94.1 93.6 94.5 94.1
125.0 93.6 94.5 94.1 94.5 94.5 94.1
150.0 93.6 95.0 94.5 94.5 95.0 95.0
200.0 94.5 95.0 94.5 95.0 95.0 95.0

TABLE 14-5
Duct Insulation


Duct Type Duct Location Insulation

R-Value

 Other

Requirements
Supply, Return Not within conditioned space: On exterior of building, on roof, in attic, in enclosed ceiling space, in walls, in garage, in crawl spaces R-7 Approved weather proof barrier
Outside air intake Within conditioned space R-7 See Section 1414.2
Supply, Return, Outside air intake Not within conditioned space: in concrete, in ground R-5.3
Supply with supply air temperature < 55°F or

> 105°F

 Within conditioned space R-3.3
Note: Requirements apply to the duct type listed, whether heated or mechanically cooled. Mechanically cooled ducts requiring insulation shall have a vapor retarder, with a perm rating not greater than 0.5 and all joints sealed.

TABLE 14-6
Minimum Pipe Insulation (inches)1


Fluid Design

Operating

Temp. Range,

°F

 Insulation Conductivity Nominal Pipe Diameter (in.)
Conductivity Range

Btu•in. / (h•ft2•°F)

 Mean Rating

Temp. °F

 Runouts2

up to 2

 1 and

less

 > 1 to 2 > 2 to 4 > 4 to 6 > 6
Heating systems (Steam, Steam Condensate[,] and Hot water) Nominal Insulation Thickness
Above 350

251-350

201-250

141-200

105-140

 0.32-0.34

0.29-0.31

0.27-0.30

0.25-0.29

0.24-0.28

 250

200

150

125

100

 1.5

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.5

 2.5

2.0

1.5

1.5

1.0

 2.5

2.5

1.5

1.5

1.0

 3.0

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

 3.5

3.5

2.0

1.5

1.5

 3.5

3.5

3.5

1.5

1.5
Domestic and Service Hot Water Systems
105 and Greater 0.24-0.28 100 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.5
Cooling Systems (Chilled Water, Brine[,] and Refrigerant)
40-55

Below 40

 0.23-0.27

0.23-0.27

 75

75

 0.5

1.0

 0.5

1.0

 0.75

1.5

 1.0

1.5

 1.0

1.5

 1.0

1.5

1. Alternative Insulation Types. Insulation thicknesses in Table 14-6 are based on insulation with thermal conductivities within the range listed in Table14-6 for each fluid operating temperature range, rated in accordance with ASTM C 335-84 at the mean temperature listed in the table. For insulation that has a conductivity outside the range shown in Table 14-6 for the applicable fluid operating temperature range at the mean rating temperature shown (when rounded to the nearest 0.01 Btu•in./(h•ft2•°F)), the minimum thickness shall be determined in accordance with the following equation:

T = PR[[(]1+ t/PR)K/k - 1]
     Where

T = Minimum insulation thickness for material with conductivity K, inches.
PR = Pipe actual outside radius, inches[.]
t = Insulation thickness from Table 14-6, inches
K = conductivity of alternate material at the mean rating temperature indicated in Table 14-6 for the applicable fluid temperature range, Btu•in[.]/(h•ft2•°F)
k = the lower value of the conductivity range listed in Table 14-6 for the applicable fluid temperature range, Btu •in[.]/(h•ft2•°F)
2. Runouts to individual terminal units not exceeding 12 ft. in length.

[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 02-01-112, § 51-11-1454, filed 12/18/01, effective 7/1/02; 01-03-010, § 51-11-1454, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01; 98-03-003, § 51-11-1454, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025. 93-21-052, § 51-11-1454, filed 10/18/93, effective 4/1/94.]

     Reviser's note: The brackets and enclosed material in the text of the above section occurred in the copy filed by the agency and appear in the Register pursuant to the requirements of RCW 34.08.040.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 01-03-010, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01)

WAC 51-11-1513   Lighting controls.   Lighting, including exempt lighting in Section 1512, shall comply with this section. Where occupancy sensors are cited, they shall have the features listed in Section 1513.6.1. Where automatic time switches are cited, they shall have the features listed in Section 1513.6.2.


1513.1 Local Control and Accessibility: Each space, enclosed by walls or ceiling-height partitions, shall be provided with lighting controls located within that space. The lighting controls, whether one or more, shall be capable of turning off all lights within the space. The controls shall be readily accessible, at the point of entry/exit, to personnel occupying or using the space.


EXCEPTIONS: The following lighting controls may be centralized in remote locations:
1. Lighting controls for spaces which must be used as a whole.
2. Automatic controls.
3. Controls requiring trained operators.
4. Controls for safety hazards and security.

1513.2 Area Controls: The maximum lighting power that may be controlled from a single switch or automatic control shall not exceed that which is provided by a twenty ampere circuit loaded to not more than eighty percent. A master control may be installed provided the individual switches retain their capability to function independently. Circuit breakers may not be used as the sole means of switching.


EXCEPTIONS: 1. Industrial or manufacturing process areas, as may be required for production.
2. Areas less than five percent of footprint for footprints over 100,000 square feet.

1513.3 Daylight Zone Control: All daylighted zones, as defined in Chapter 2, both under overhead glazing and adjacent to vertical glazing, shall be provided with individual controls, or daylight-or occupant-sensing automatic controls, which control the lights independent of general area lighting.

     Contiguous daylight zones adjacent to vertical glazing are allowed to be controlled by a single controlling device provided that they do not include zones facing more than two adjacent cardinal orientations (i.e. north, east, south, west). Daylight zones under overhead glazing more than 15 feet from the perimeter shall be controlled separately from daylight zones adjacent to vertical glazing.


EXCEPTION: Daylight spaces enclosed by walls or ceiling height partitions and containing 2 or fewer light fixtures are not required to have a separate switch for general area lighting.

1513.4 Display, Exhibition, and Specialty Lighting Controls: All display, exhibition, or specialty lighting shall be controlled independently of general area lighting.


1513.5 Automatic Shut-Off Controls, Exterior: Exterior lighting not intended for 24-hour continuous use shall be automatically switched by timer, photocell, or a combination of timer and photocell. Automatic time switches must also have program back-up capabilities, which prevent the loss of program and time settings for at least 10 hours, if power is interrupted.


1513.6 Automatic Shut-Off Controls, Interior: ((Office)) Buildings greater than 5,000 sq. ft. and all school classrooms shall be equipped with separate automatic controls to shut off the lighting during unoccupied hours. Within these buildings, all office areas less than 300 ft2 enclosed by walls or ceiling-height partitions, and all meeting and conference rooms, and all school classrooms, shall be equipped with occupancy sensors that comply with Section 1513.6.1. For other spaces, automatic controls may be an occupancy sensor, time switch, or other device capable of automatically shutting off lighting.


EXCEPTIONS: 1. Areas that must be continuously illuminated (e.g., 24-hour convenience stores), or illuminated in a manner requiring manual operation of the lighting.
2. Emergency lighting systems.
3. Switching for industrial or manufacturing process facilities as may be required for production.
4. Hospitals and laboratory spaces.
5. Areas in which medical or dental tasks are performed are exempt from the occupancy sensor requirement.

1513.6.1 Occupancy Sensors: Occupancy sensors shall be capable of automatically turning off all the lights in an area, no more than 30 minutes after the area has been vacated. Light fixtures controlled by occupancy sensors shall have a wall-mounted, manual switch capable of turning off lights when the space is occupied.


1513.6.2 Automatic Time Switches: Automatic time switches shall have a minimum 7 day clock and be capable of being set for 7 different day types per week and incorporate an automatic holiday "shut-off" feature, which turns off all loads for at least 24 hours and then resumes normally scheduled operations. Automatic time switches shall also have program back-up capabilities, which prevent the loss of program and time settings for at least 10 hours, if power is interrupted.

     Automatic time switches shall incorporate an over-ride switching device which:

a. Is readily accessible;
b. Is located so that a person using the device can see the lights or the areas controlled by the switch, or so that the area being illuminated is annunciated; and
c. Is manually operated;
d. Allows the lighting to remain on for no more than two hours when an over-ride is initiated; and
e. Controls an area not exceeding 5,000 square feet or 5 percent of footprint for footprints over 100,000 square feet, whichever is greater.

1513.7 Commissioning Requirements: For lighting controls which include daylight or occupant sensing automatic controls, automatic shut-off controls, occupancy sensors, or automatic time switches, the lighting controls shall be tested to ensure that control devices, components, equipment and systems are calibrated, adjusted and operate in accordance with approved plans and specifications. Sequences of operation shall be functionally tested to ensure they operate in accordance with approved plans and specifications. A complete report of test procedures and results shall be prepared and filed with the owner. Drawing notes shall require commissioning in accordance with this paragraph.

[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 01-03-010, § 51-11-1513, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025. 93-21-052, § 51-11-1513, filed 10/18/93, effective 4/1/94.]


AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 01-03-010, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01)

WAC 51-11-1521   Prescriptive interior lighting requirements.   Spaces for which the Unit Lighting Power Allowance in Table 15-1 is 0.8 watts per square foot or greater may use unlimited numbers of lighting fixtures and lighting energy, provided that the installed lighting fixtures comply with all four of the following criteria:

     a. One- or two-lamp (but not three- or more lamp);

     b. ((Nonlensed, fluorescent fixtures;)) Luminaires have a reflector or louver assembly to direct the light (bare lamp strip or industrial fixtures do not comply with this section);

     c. Fitted with type T-1, T-2, T-4, T-5, ((T-6,)) T-8 or compact fluorescent lamps from 5 to ((50)) 60 watts (but not T-10 or T-12 lamps); and

     d. Hard-wired fluorescent electronic dimming ballasts ((()) with photocell or programmable dimming control for all lamps in all zones (nondimming electronic ballasts and electronic ballasts that screw into medium base sockets do not comply with this section(())).


     Track lighting is not allowed under this path.


EXCEPTIONS: 1. Up to a total of 5 percent of installed lighting fixtures ((need not be ballasted and)) may use any type of ((lamp)) ballasted lamp and do not require dimming controls.
2. Clear safety lenses are allowed in food prep and serving areas and patient care areas in otherwise compliant fixtures.
3. Exit lights are not included in the count of fixtures provided that they do not exceed 5 watts per fixture and are light emitting diode (LED) type or T-1 fluorescent type only. (See the Uniform Fire Code for face illumination footcandle requirements and other requirements.)
4. LED lights other than exit lights addressed by exception 3.
5. Metal halide lighting which complies with all three of the following criteria:
i. Luminaires or lamps which have a reflector or louver assembly to direct the light;
ii. Fixtures are fitted with ceramic metal halide lamps not exceeding 150 watts; and
iii. Electronic ballasts.

[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 01-03-010, § 51-11-1521, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025. 93-21-052, § 51-11-1521, filed 10/18/93, effective 4/1/94.]


AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 04-01-106, filed 12/17/03, effective 7/1/04)

WAC 51-11-1532   Exterior lighting power allowance.   The exterior lighting power allowance shall be the sum of the calculated allowances for parking, outdoor areas and building exteriors. The lighting allowance for covered parking, open parking and outdoor areas that are illuminated shall be 0.20 watts per square foot. The lighting allowance for building exteriors shall be calculated either by multiplying the building facade area by 0.25 watts per square foot or multiplying the building perimeter in feet by 7.5 watts per linear foot.


EXCEPTIONS: 1. Group U Occupancy accessory to Group R-3 or R-4 Occupancy.
2. For covered parking, 0.30 w/sf may be used for the lighting provided that the ceilings and walls are painted or stained with a reflectance value of 0.70 or higher.

TABLE 15-1
Unit Lighting Power Allowance (LPA)

Use1 LPA2

(watts/sq. ft.)
Painting, welding, carpentry, machine shops 2.3
Barber shops, beauty shops 2.0
Hotel banquet/conference/exhibition hall3,4 2.0
Laboratories (See also office and other appropriate categories) ((2.0)) 1.8
Aircraft repair hangars 1.5
Cafeterias, fast food establishments5 1.5
Factories, workshops, handling areas 1.5
Gas stations, auto repair shops6 1.5
Institutions 1.5
Libraries5 1.5
Nursing homes and hotel/motel guest rooms 1.5
Retail10, retail banking 1.5
Wholesale stores (pallet rack shelving) 1.5
Mall concourses 1.4
Schools buildings (Group E Occupancy only), school classrooms, day care centers ((1.35)) 1.20
Laundries ((1.3)) 1.20
Medical offices, clinics12 1.20
Office buildings, office/administrative areas in facilities of other use types (including but not limited to schools, hospitals, institutions, museums, banks, churches)5,7,11 ((1.2)) 1.00
Police and fire stations8 ((1.2)) 1.00
Atria (atriums) 1.0
Assembly spaces9, auditoriums, gymnasia9, theaters 1.0
Group R-1 and R-2 common areas 1.0
Process plants 1.0
Restaurants/bars5 1.0
Locker and/or shower facilities 0.8
Warehouses11, storage areas 0.5
Aircraft storage hangars 0.4
Parking garages See Section

1532
Plans Submitted for Common Areas Only7
Main floor building lobbies3 (except mall concourses) 1.2
Common areas, corridors, toilet facilities and washrooms, elevator lobbies 0.8

Footnotes for Table 15-1


1.     In cases in which a general use and a specific use are listed, the specific use shall apply. In cases in which a use is not mentioned specifically, the Unit Power Allowance shall be determined by the building official. This determination shall be based upon the most comparable use specified in the table. See Section 1512 for exempt areas.

2.     The watts per square foot may be increased, by two percent per foot of ceiling height above twenty feet, unless specifically directed otherwise by subsequent footnotes.

3.     Watts per square foot of room may be increased by two percent per foot of ceiling height above twelve feet.

4.     For all other spaces, such as seating and common areas, use the Unit Light Power Allowance for assembly.

5.     Watts per square foot of room may be increased by two percent per foot of ceiling height above nine feet.

6.     ((Includes pump area under canopy.)) See Section 1532 for exterior lighting.

7.     ((In cases in which a lighting plan is submitted for only a portion of a floor, a Unit Lighting Power Allowance of 1.35 may be used for usable office floor area and 0.80 watts per square foot shall be used for the common areas, which may include elevator space, lobby area and rest rooms. Common areas, as herein defined do not include mall concourses.)) For conference rooms and offices less than 150 ft2 with full-height partitions, a Unit Lighting Power Allowance of 1.20 W/ft2 may be used.

8.     For the fire engine room, the Unit Lighting Power Allowance is 1.0 watts per square foot.

9.     For indoor sport tournament courts with adjacent spectator seating, the Unit Lighting Power Allowance for the court area is 2.6 watts per square foot.

10.     Display window illumination installed within 2 feet of the window, provided that the display window is separated from the retail space by walls or at least three-quarter-height partitions (transparent or opaque) and lighting for free-standing display where the lighting moves with the display((, and building showcase illumination where the lighting is enclosed within the showcase)) are exempt.

     An additional 1.5 w/ft2 of merchandise display luminaires are exempt provided that they comply with all three of the following:


     (a) Located on ceiling-mounted track or directly on or recessed into the ceiling itself (not on the wall).


     (b) Adjustable in both the horizontal and vertical axes (vertical axis only is acceptable for fluorescent and other fixtures with two points of track attachment).


     (c) Fitted with LED, tungsten halogen, fluorescent, or high intensity discharge lamps.


     This additional lighting power is allowed only if the lighting is actually installed.

11.     Provided that a floor plan, indicating rack location and height, is submitted, the square footage for a warehouse may be defined, for computing the interior Unit Lighting Power Allowance, as the floor area not covered by racks plus the vertical face area (access side only) of the racks. The height allowance defined in footnote 2 applies only to the floor area not covered by racks.


12.     Medical and clinical offices include those facilities which, although not providing overnight patient care, do provide medical, dental, or psychological examination and treatment. These spaces include, but are not limited to, laboratories and treatment centers.

[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020, 19.27A.045. 04-01-106, § 51-11-1532, filed 12/17/03, effective 7/1/04. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 01-03-010, § 51-11-1532, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025. 93-21-052, § 51-11-1532, filed 10/18/93, effective 4/1/94.]

© Washington State Code Reviser's Office