PERMANENT RULES
Effective Date of Rule: July 1, 2007.
Purpose: To update chapter 51-11 WAC, Washington State Energy Code.
Citation of Existing Rules Affected by this Order: Repealing 6; and amending 37.
Statutory Authority for Adoption: RCW 19.27A.022, 19.27A.025, and 19.27A.045.
Other Authority: Chapters 19.27 and 34.05 RCW.
Adopted under notice filed as WSR 06-16-108 on August 1, 2006.
Changes Other than Editing from Proposed to Adopted Version: Equation 1 and Table 5-1 were both revised to retain existing language on glazing area percentage to be used as target values.
Number of Sections Adopted in Order to Comply with Federal Statute: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0; Federal Rules or Standards: New 0, Amended 3, Repealed 0; or Recently Enacted State Statutes: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0.
Number of Sections Adopted at Request of a Nongovernmental Entity: New 1, Amended 37, Repealed 0.
Number of Sections Adopted on the Agency's Own Initiative: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0.
Number of Sections Adopted in Order to Clarify, Streamline, or Reform Agency Procedures: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0.
Number of Sections Adopted Using Negotiated Rule Making: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0; Pilot Rule Making: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0; or Other Alternative Rule Making: New 0, Amended 38, Repealed 0.
Date Adopted: November 17, 2006.
John Neff
Council Chair
OTS-8984.4
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 04-01-106, filed 12/17/03,
effective 7/1/04)
WAC 51-11-0101
Section 101 -- Scope and general
requirements.
101.1 Title: Chapters 1 through 10 of this Code shall be
known as the "Washington State Residential Energy Code" and
may be cited as such; and will be referred to herein as "this
Code."
101.2 Purpose and Intent: The purpose of this Code is to
provide minimum standards for new or altered buildings and
structures or portions thereof to achieve efficient use and
conservation of energy.
The purpose of this Code is not to create or otherwise
establish or designate any particular class or group of
persons who will or should be especially protected or
benefitted by the terms of this Code.
It is intended that these provisions provide flexibility
to permit the use of innovative approaches and techniques to
achieve efficient use and conservation of energy. These
provisions are structured to permit compliance with the intent
of this Code by any one of the following three paths of
design:
1. A systems analysis approach for the entire building
and its energy-using sub-systems which may utilize renewable
energy sources, Chapter 4.
2. A component performance approach for various building
elements and mechanical systems and components, Chapter 5.
3. A prescriptive requirements approach, Chapter 6.
Compliance with any one of these approaches meets the
intent of this Code. This Code is not intended to abridge any
safety or health requirements required under any other
applicable codes or ordinances.
The provisions of this Code do not consider the
efficiency of various energy forms as they are delivered to
the building envelope. A determination of delivered energy
efficiencies in conjunction with this Code will provide the
most efficient use of available energy in new building
construction.
101.3 Scope: This Code sets forth minimum requirements
for the design of new buildings and structures that provide
facilities or shelter for residential occupancies by
regulating their exterior envelopes and the selection of their
HVAC, service water heating systems and equipment for
efficient use and conservation of energy.
Buildings shall be designed to comply with the
requirements of either Chapter 4, 5, or 6 of this Code.
For the purposes of this Code:
Detached one- and two-family dwellings built under the
International Residential Code shall be considered R-3
Occupancies.
Attached multiple single-family dwellings (townhouses)
built under the International Residential Code shall be
considered R-2 Occupancies.
101.3.1 Exempt Buildings: Buildings and structures or
portions thereof meeting any of the following criteria shall
be exempt from the building envelope requirements of sections
502 and 602, but shall comply with all other requirements for
building mechanical systems, and service water heating.
101.3.1.1: Buildings and structures or portions thereof
whose peak design rate of energy usage is less than three and
four tenths (3.4) Btu/h per square foot or one point zero
(1.0) watt per square foot of floor area for space
conditioning requirements.
101.3.1.2: Buildings and structures or portions thereof
which are neither heated according to the definition of heated
space in Chapter 2, nor cooled by a nonrenewable energy
source, provided that the nonrenewable energy use for space
conditioning complies with requirements of section 101.3.1.1.
101.3.1.3: Greenhouses isolated from any conditioned
space and not intended for occupancy.
101.3.1.4: The provisions of this code do not apply to
the construction, alteration, or repair of temporary worker
housing except as provided by rule adopted under chapter 70.114A RCW or chapter 37, Laws of 1998 (SB 6168). "Temporary
worker housing" means a place, area, or piece of land where
sleeping places or housing sites are provided by an employer
for his or her employees or by another person, including a
temporary worker housing operator, who is providing such
accommodations for employees, for temporary, seasonal
occupancy, and includes "labor camps" under RCW 70.54.110.
101.3.2 Application to Existing Buildings: Additions,
historic buildings, changes of occupancy or use, and
alterations or repairs shall comply with the requirements in
the subsections below.
| EXCEPTION: | The building official may approve designs of alterations or repairs which do not fully conform with all of the requirements of this Code where in the opinion of the building official full compliance is physically impossible and/or economically impractical and: |
| 1. | The alteration or repair improves the energy efficiency of the building; or |
| 2. | The alteration or repair is energy efficient and is necessary for the health, safety, and welfare of
the general public. |
| In no case, shall building envelope requirements or mechanical system requirements be less than those requirements in effect at the time of the initial construction of the building. |
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020, 19.27A.045. 04-01-106,
§ 51-11-0101, filed 12/17/03, effective 7/1/04. Statutory
Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 01-03-010, §
51-11-0101, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01. Statutory
Authority: RCW 19.27.031 and 19.27.074. 98-24-078, §
51-11-0101, filed 12/1/98, effective 7/1/99. Statutory
Authority: RCW 19.27A.025 and 19.27A.045. 98-03-003, §
51-11-0101, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory
Authority: RCW 19.27A.025. 93-21-052, § 51-11-0101, filed
10/18/93, effective 4/1/94. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020 and 1990 c 2. 91-01-112, § 51-11-0101, filed
12/19/90, effective 7/1/91.] Addition: See the Washington State Building Code. Advanced framed ceiling: Advanced framing assumes full
and even depth of insulation extending to the outside edge of
exterior walls. (See Standard Framing and Section 1007.2 of
this Code.) Advanced framed walls: Studs framed on twenty-four inch
centers with double top plate and single bottom plate.
Corners use two studs or other means of fully insulating
corners, and one stud is used to support each header. Headers
consist of double 2X material with R-10 insulation between the
header and exterior sheathing. Interior partition
wall/exterior wall intersections are fully insulated in the
exterior wall. (See Standard Framing and Section 1005.2 of
this Code.) AFUE. Annual fuel utilization efficiency: Unlike steady
state conditions, this rating is based on average usage
including on and off cycling as set out in the standardized
Department of Energy Test Procedures. Air conditioning, comfort: The process of treating air
to control simultaneously its temperature, humidity,
cleanliness and distribution to meet requirements of the
conditioned space. ARI: Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute. ASHRAE: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and
Air Conditioning Engineers, Inc. ASTM: American Society for Testing and Materials Automatic: Self-acting, operating by its own mechanism
when actuated by some impersonal influence, as for example, a
change in current strength, pressure, temperature or
mechanical configuration. (See Manual.) Below grade walls: Walls or the portion of walls which
are entirely below the finish grade or which extend two feet
or less above the finish grade. Boiler capacity: The rate of heat output in Btu/h
measured at the boiler outlet, at the design inlet and outlet
conditions and rated fuel/energy input. Building envelope: For Group R Occupancy, the elements
of a building which enclose conditioned spaces through which
thermal energy may be transferred to or from the exterior or
to or from spaces exempted by the provisions of Section
101.3.1. For other than Group R Occupancy, the elements of a
building which enclose conditioned spaces through which
thermal energy may be transferred to or from the exterior, or
to or from unconditioned spaces, or to or from semi-heated
spaces, or to or from spaces exempted by the provisions of
Section 1301. Building, existing: See the Washington State Building
Code. Building official: The official authorized to act in
behalf of a jurisdiction code enforcement agency or its
authorized representative. Building project: A building or group of buildings,
including on-site energy conversion or electric-generating
facilities, which utilize a single submittal for a
construction permit or are within the boundary of a contiguous
area under one ownership. Conditioned floor area: (See Gross conditioned floor
area.) Conditioned space: A cooled space, heated space (fully
heated), heated space (semi-heated) or indirectly conditioned
space. Cooled space: An enclosed space within a building that
is cooled by a cooling system whose sensible capacity a. Exceeds 5 Btu/(h•ft2), or b. Is capable of maintaining space dry bulb temperature
of 90°F or less at design cooling conditions. COP - Coefficient of performance: The ratio of the rate
of net heat output (heating mode) or heat removal (cooling
mode) to the rate of total on-site energy input to the heat
pump, expressed in consistent units and under designated
rating conditions. (See Net Heat Output, Net Heat Removal,
Total On-Site Energy Input.) Daylighted zone: a. Under overhead glazing: The area under overhead
glazing whose horizontal dimension, in each direction, is
equal to the overhead glazing dimension in that direction plus
either the floor to ceiling height or the dimension to a
ceiling height opaque partition, or one-half the distance to
adjacent overhead or vertical glazing, whichever is least. b. At vertical glazing: The area adjacent to vertical
glazing which receives daylighting from the glazing. For
purposes of this definition and unless more detailed
daylighting analysis is provided, the daylighting zone depth
is assumed to extend into the space a distance of 15 feet or
to the nearest ceiling height opaque partition, whichever is
less. The daylighting zone width is assumed to be the width
of the window plus either two feet on each side (the distance
to an opaque partition) or one-half the distance to adjacent
overhead or vertical glazing, whichever is least. Daylight sensing control (DS): A device that
automatically regulates the power input to electric lighting
near the glazing to maintain the desired workplace
illumination, thus taking advantage of direct or indirect
sunlight. Deadband: The temperature range in which no heating or
cooling is used. Demand control ventilation (DCV): A ventilation system
capability that provides for the automatic reduction of
outdoor air intake below design rates when the actual
occupancy of spaces served by the system is less than design
occupancy. Design cooling conditions: The cooling outdoor design
temperature from the 0.5% column for summer from the Puget
Sound Chapter of ASHRAE publication "Recommended Outdoor
Design Temperatures, Washington State, ASHRAE." Design heating conditions: The heating outdoor design
temperature from the 0.6% column for winter from the Puget
Sound Chapter of ASHRAE publication "Recommended Outdoor
Design Temperatures, Washington State, ASHRAE." Door: All operable opening areas, which are not glazing,
in the building envelope including swinging and roll-up doors,
fire doors, smoke vents and access hatches. Door area: Total area of door measured using the rough
opening and including the door and frame. Dwelling unit: See the Washington State Building Code. (( Economizer, air: A ducting arrangement and automatic
control system that allows a cooling supply fan system to
supply outside air to reduce or eliminate the need for
mechanical refrigeration during mild or cold weather. Economizer, water: A system by which the supply air of a
cooling system is cooled directly, indirectly or both, by
evaporation of water or by other appropriate fluid in order to
reduce or eliminate the need for mechanical refrigeration. EER. Energy efficiency ratio: The ratio of net
equipment cooling capacity in Btu/h to total rate of electric
input in watts under designated operating conditions. Efficiency, HVAC system: The ratio of useful energy (at
the point of use) to the energy input for a designated time
period, expressed in percent. Emissivity: The ability to absorb infrared radiation. A
low emissivity implies a higher reflectance of infrared
radiation. Energy: The capacity for doing work; taking a number of
forms which may be transformed from one into another, such as
thermal (heat), mechanical (work), electrical and chemical; in
customary units, measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh) or British
thermal units (Btu). (See New energy.) Energy, recovered: (See Recovered energy.) Exterior envelope: (See Building envelope.) F-Factor: The perimeter heat loss factor expressed in
Btu/hr•ft•°F. F-Value: (See F-Factor.) Facade area: Vertical projected area including
nonhorizontal roof area, overhangs, cornices, etc. measured in
elevation in a vertical plane parallel to the plane of the
building face. Floor over unconditioned space: A floor which separates
a conditioned space from an unconditioned space which is
buffered from exterior ambient conditions including vented
crawl spaces and unconditioned basements or other similar
spaces, or exposed to exterior ambient conditions including
open parking garages and enclosed garages which are
mechanically ventilated. (( F-Value: (See F-Factor.))) Garden window: A multisided glazing product that
projects beyond the plane of the wall. Glazed wall system: A category of site assembled
fenestration products used in the NFRC 100 and NFRC 200 rating
procedures that include curtainwalls. Glazing: All areas, including the frames, in the shell
of a conditioned space that let in natural light including
windows, clerestories, skylights, sliding or swinging glass
doors and glass block walls. Glazing area: Total area of the glazing measured using
the rough opening, and including the glazing, sash, and frame.
For doors where the daylight opening area is less than 50% of
the door area, the glazing area is the daylight opening area.
For all other doors, the glazing area is the door area. Gross conditioned floor area: The horizontal projection
of that portion of interior space which is contained within
exterior walls and which is conditioned directly or indirectly
by an energy-using system, and which has an average height of
five feet or greater, measured from the exterior faces. Gross exterior wall area: The normal projection of the
building envelope wall area bounding interior space which is
conditioned by an energy-using system and which separates
conditioned space from: Unconditioned space, or semi-heated
space, or exterior ambient conditions or earth; includes
opaque wall, vertical glazing and door areas. The gross area
of walls consists of all opaque wall areas, including
foundation walls, between floor spandrels, peripheral edges of
floors, vertical glazing areas and door areas, where such
surfaces are exposed to exterior ambient conditions and
enclose a conditioned space including interstitial areas
between two such spaces. The area of the wall is measured
from the top of the floor insulation to the bottom of the roof
insulation. (See Below grade wall.) Gross floor area: The sum of the areas of the several
floors of the building, including basements, cellars,
mezzanine and intermediate floored tiers and penthouses of
headroom height, measured from the exterior faces of exterior
walls or from the center line of walls separating buildings,
but excluding: Covered walkways, open roofed-over areas,
porches and similar spaces. Pipe trenches, exterior terraces
or steps, chimneys, roof overhangs and similar features. Gross roof/ceiling area: A roof/ceiling assembly shall
be considered as all components of the roof/ceiling envelope
through which heat flows, thus creating a building
transmission heat loss or gain, where such assembly is exposed
to exterior ambient conditions and encloses a conditioned
space. The assembly does not include those components that
are separated from a heated and/or cooled space by a vented
airspace. The gross area of a roof/ceiling assembly consists
of the total interior surface of such assembly, including
overhead glazing. Guest room: See the Washington State Building Code. Heat: The form of energy that is transferred by virtue
of a temperature difference. Heat storage capacity: The physical property of
materials (mass) located inside the building envelope to
absorb, store, and release heat. Heated space (Fully heated): An enclosed space within a
building, including adjacent connected spaces separated by an
uninsulated component (e.g., basements, utility rooms,
garages, corridors), which is heated by a heating system whose
output capacity is a. Capable of maintaining a space dry-bulb temperature of
45°F or greater at design heating conditions; or b. 8 Btu/(h•ft2) or greater in Climate Zone 1 and 12
Btu/(h•ft2) or greater in Climate Zone 2. Heated space (Semi-heated): An enclosed space within a
building, including adjacent connected spaces separated by an
uninsulated component (e.g., basements, utility rooms,
garages, corridors), which is heated by a heating system a. Whose output capacity is 3 Btu/(h•ft2) or greater in
Climate Zone 1 and 5 Btu/(h•ft2) or greater in Climate Zone 2;
and b. Is not a Heated Space (Fully Heated). High efficacy luminaire: A lighting fixture that does
not contain a medium screw base socket (E24/E26) and whose
lamps have a minimum efficiency of: a. 60 lumens per watt for lamps over 40 watts; b. 50 lumens per watt for lamps over 15 watts to 40
watts; c. 40 lumens per watt for lamps 15 watts or less. HSPF. Heating season performance factor: The total
heating output (in Btu) of a heat pump during its normal
annual usage period for heating divided by the total (watt
hour) electric power input during the same period, as
determined by test procedures consistent with the U.S.
Department of Energy "Test Procedure for Central Air
Conditioners, Including Heat Pumps" published in Standard
RS-30. When specified in Btu per watt hour an HSPF of 6.826
is equivalent to a COP of 2.0. Humidistat: A regulatory device, actuated by changes in
humidity, used for automatic control of relative humidity. HVAC: Heating, ventilating and air conditioning. HVAC system components: HVAC system components provide,
in one or more factory-assembled packages, means for chilling
and/or heating water with controlled temperature for delivery
to terminal units serving the conditioned spaces of the
buildings. Types of HVAC system components include, but are
not limited to, water chiller packages, reciprocating
condensing units and water source (hydronic) heat pumps. (See
HVAC system equipment.) HVAC system efficiency: (See Efficiency, HVAC system.) HVAC system equipment: HVAC system equipment provides,
in one (single package) or more (split system)
factory-assembled packages, means for air circulation, air
cleaning, air cooling with controlled temperature and
dehumidification; and optionally, either alone or in
combination with a heating plant, the functions of heating and
humidifying. The cooling function may be either electrically
or heat operated and the refrigerant condenser may be air,
water or evaporatively cooled. Where the equipment is
provided in more than one package, the separate packages shall
be designed by the manufacturer to be used together. The
equipment may provide the heating function as a heat pump or
by the use of electric elements. (The word "equipment" used
without modifying adjective may, in accordance with common
industry usage, apply either to HVAC system equipment or HVAC
system components.) Indirectly conditioned space: An enclosed space within a
building that is not a heated or cooled space, whose area
weighted heat transfer coefficient to heated or cooled spaces
exceeds that to the outdoors or to unconditioned spaces; or
through which air from heated or cooled spaces is transferred
at a rate exceeding three air changes per hour. Enclosed
corridors between conditioned spaces shall be considered as
indirectly conditioned space. (See Heated Space, Cooled Space
and Unconditioned Space.) Infiltration: The uncontrolled inward air leakage
through cracks and interstices in any building element and
around windows and doors of a building caused by the pressure
effects of wind and/or the effect of differences in the indoor
and outdoor air density. Insulation baffle: A rigid material, resistant to wind
driven moisture, the purpose of which is to allow air to flow
freely into the attic or crawl space and to prevent insulation
from blocking the ventilation of these spaces, or the loss of
insulation. Example materials for this purpose are sheet
metal, or wax impregnated cardboard. Insulation position: a. Exterior Insulation Position: A wall having all or
nearly all of its mass exposed to the room air with the
insulation on the exterior of the mass. b. Integral Insulation Position: A wall having mass
exposed to both room and outside air, with substantially equal
amounts of mass on the inside and outside of the insulation
layer. c. Interior Insulation Position: A wall not meeting
either of the above definitions; particularly a wall having
most of its mass external to the insulation layer. International Building Code (IBC): (See Washington State
Building Code.) International Mechanical Code (IMC): (See Washington
State Building Code.) IPLV -- Integrated part-load value: A single number figure
of merit based on part-load EER or COP expressing part-load
efficiency for air conditioning and heat pump equipment on the
basis of weighted operation at various load capacities for the
equipment as specified in the Air-Conditioning and
Refrigeration Institute (ARI) and Cooling Tower Institute
(CTI) procedures. Luminaire: A complete lighting unit consisting of a lamp
or lamps together with the parts designed to distribute the
light, to position and protect the lamps and to connect the
lamps to the electric power supply. Manual: Capable of being operated by personal
intervention. (See Automatic.) Microcell: A wireless communication facility consisting
of an antenna that is either: (a) Four (4) feet in height and
with an area of not more than 580 square inches; or (b) if a
tubular antenna, no more than four (4) inches in diameter and
no more than six (6) feet in length; and the associated
equipment cabinet that is six (6) feet or less in height and
no more than 48 square feet in floor area. NFPA: National Fire Protection Association. NFRC: National Fenestration Rating Council. Net heat output: The change in the total heat content of
the air entering and leaving the equipment (not including
supplementary heat and heat from boilers). Net heat removal: The total difference in heat content
of the air entering and leaving the equipment (without heat)
or the difference in total heat content of the water or
refrigerant entering and leaving the component. New energy: Energy, other than recovered energy,
utilized for the purpose of heating or cooling. (See energy.) Nominal R-value: The thermal resistance of insulation
(( Nonrenewable energy sources: All energy sources that are
not renewable energy sources including natural gas, oil, coal,
wood, liquified petroleum gas, steam, and any utility-supplied
electricity. Nonresidential: All buildings and spaces in the
International Building Code (IBC) occupancies other than Group
R. Occupancy: See the Washington State Building Code. Occupancy sensor: A device that detects occupants within
an area, causing any combination of lighting, equipment or
appliances to be turned on or shut off. Opaque envelope areas: All exposed areas of a building
envelope which enclose conditioned space, except openings for
doors, glazing and building service systems. Open blown: Loose fill insulation pneumatically
installed in an unconfined attic space. Outdoor air (outside air): Air taken from the outdoors
and, therefore, not previously circulated through a building. Overhead glazing: A glazing surface that has a slope of
less than 60° from the horizontal plane. Packaged terminal air conditioner: A factory-selected
combination of heating and cooling components, assemblies or
sections intended to serve a room or zone. (For the complete
technical definition, see Standard RS-5.) Permeance (perm): The ability of a material of specified
thickness to transmit moisture in terms of amount of moisture
transmitted per unit time for a specified area and
differential pressure (grains per hour • ft2 • inches of HG).
Permeance may be measured using ASTM E-96-00 or other approved
dry cup method as specified in RS-1. Personal wireless service facility: A Wireless
Communication Facility (WCF), including a microcell, which is
a facility for the transmission and/or reception of radio
frequency signals and which may include antennas, equipment
shelter or cabinet, transmission cables, a support structure
to achieve the necessary elevation, and reception and/or
transmission devices or antennas. Pool cover: A vapor-retardant cover which lies on or at
the surface of the pool. Power: In connection with machines, the time rate of
doing work. In connection with the transmission of energy of
all types, the rate at which energy is transmitted; in
customary units, it is measured in watts (W) or British
Thermal Units per hour (Btu/h). Process energy: Energy consumed in support of a
manufacturing, industrial, or commercial process other than
the maintenance of building comfort or amenities for building
occupants. Radiant slab floor: A slab floor assembly on grade or
below, containing heated pipes, ducts, or electric heating
cables that constitute a floor or portion thereof for complete
or partial heating of the structure. Readily accessible: See the Washington State Mechanical
Code. Recooling: The removal of heat by sensible cooling of
the supply air (directly or indirectly) that has been
previously heated above the temperature to which the air is to
be supplied to the conditioned space for proper control of the
temperature of that space. Recovered energy: Energy utilized which would otherwise
be wasted (i.e. not contribute to a desired end use) from an
energy utilization system. Reheat: The application of sensible heat to supply air
that has been previously cooled below the temperature of the
conditioned space by either mechanical refrigeration or the
introduction of outdoor air to provide cooling. Renewable energy sources: Renewable energy sources of
energy (excluding minerals) are derived from: (1) Incoming
solar radiation, including but not limited to, natural
daylighting and photosynthetic processes; (2) energy sources
resulting from wind, waves and tides, lake or pond thermal
differences; and (3) energy derived from the internal heat of
the earth, including nocturnal thermal exchanges. Reset: Adjustment of the set point of a control
instrument to a higher or lower value automatically or
manually to conserve energy. Roof/ceiling assembly: (See Gross roof/ceiling area.) SEER - Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio: The total
cooling output of an air conditioner during its normal annual
usage period, in Btu's, divided by the total electric energy
input in watt-hours, during the same period, as determined by
10 CFR, Part 430. Semi-heated space: Sub-category of Heated Space. (See
Heated Space.) Sequence: A consecutive series of operations. Service systems: All energy-using systems in a building
that are operated to provide services for the occupants or
processes housed therein, including HVAC, service water
heating, illumination, transportation, cooking or food
preparation, laundering or similar functions. Service water heating: Supply of hot water for domestic
or commercial purposes other than comfort heating. Shaded: Glazed area which is externally protected from
direct solar radiation by use of devices permanently affixed
to the structure or by an adjacent building, topographical
feature, or vegetation. Shading coefficient: The ratio of solar heat gain
occurring through nonopaque portions of the glazing, with or
without integral shading devices, to the solar heat gain
occurring through an equivalent area of unshaded, 1/8 inch
thick, clear, double-strength glass. Single family: One and two family residential dwelling
units with no more than two units in a single building. Skylight: (See Overhead glazing.) Slab-below-grade: Any portion of a slab floor in contact
with the ground which is more than 24 inches below the final
elevation of the nearest exterior grade. Slab-on-grade, exterior: Any portion of a slab floor in
contact with the ground which is less than or equal to
twenty-four inches below the final elevation of the nearest
exterior grade. Small business: Any business entity (including a sole
proprietorship, corporation, partnership, or other legal
entity) which is owned and operated independently from all
other businesses, which has the purpose of making a profit,
and which has fifty or fewer employees, or which has a million
dollars or less per year in gross sales, of window products. Solar energy source: Source of natural daylighting and
of thermal, chemical or electrical energy derived directly
from conversion of incident solar radiation. Solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC): The ratio of the
solar heat gain entering the space through the glazing product
to the incident solar radiation. Solar heat gain includes
directly transmitted solar heat and absorbed solar radiation
which is then reradiated, conducted or convected into the
space. Split system: Any heat pump or air conditioning unit
which is provided in more than one assembly requiring
refrigeration piping installed in the field. Standard framing: All framing practices not defined as
"intermediate" or "advanced" shall be considered standard.
(See Advanced framed ceiling, Advanced framed walls,
Intermediate framed wall and Section 1005.2 of this Code.) Substantial contact: A condition where adjacent building
materials are placed in a manner that proximal surfaces are
contiguous, being installed and supported as to eliminate
voids between materials, without compressing or degrading the
thermal performance of either product. System: A combination of central or terminal equipment
or components and/or controls, accessories, interconnecting
means, and terminal devices by which energy is transformed so
as to perform a specific function, such as HVAC, service water
heating or illumination. Tapering: Installation of a reduced level of ceiling
insulation at the eaves, due to reduced clearance. Thermal by-pass: An area where the envelope surrounding
the conditioned space is breached, or where an ineffective
application compromises the performance of a thermal or
infiltration barrier, increasing the structure's energy
consumption by exposing finished surfaces to ambient
conditions and additional heat transfer. Thermal conductance (C): Time rate of heat flow through
a body (frequently per unit area) from one of its bounding
surfaces to the other for a unit temperature difference
between the two surfaces, under steady conditions
(Btu/hr•ft2•°F). Thermal resistance (R): The reciprocal of thermal
conductance (hr • ft2 •°F/Btu). Thermal transmittance (U): The coefficient of heat
transmission (air to air). It is the time rate of heat flow
per unit area and unit temperature difference between the warm
side and cold side air films (Btu/hr • ft2 •°F). Thermal transmittance, overall (Uo): The overall
(average) heat transmission of a gross area of the exterior
building envelope (Btu/hr • ft2 •°F). The Uo-factor applies to
the combined effect of the time rate of heat flows through the
various parallel paths, such as glazing, doors and opaque
construction areas, comprising the gross area of one or more
exterior building components, such as walls, floors or
roof/ceiling. Thermostat: An automatic control device actuated by
temperature and designed to be responsive to temperature. Total on-site energy input: The combination of all the
energy inputs to all elements and accessories as included in
the equipment components, including but not limited to,
compressor(s), compressor sump heater(s), circulating pump(s),
purge devices, fan(s), and the HVAC system component control
circuit. Transmission coefficient: The ratio of the solar heat
gain through a glazing system to that of an unshaded single
pane of double strength window glass under the same set of
conditions. Transverse joint: The primary connection between air
distribution system fittings. U-factor: (See thermal transmittance.) U-Value: (See U-factor.) Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC): (See Washington State
Plumbing Code.) Unitary cooling and heating equipment: One or more
factory-made assemblies which include an evaporator or cooling
coil, a compressor and condenser combination, and may include
a heating function as well. Where such equipment is provided
in more than one assembly, the separate assemblies shall be
designed to be used together. Unitary heat pump: One or more factory-made assemblies
which include an indoor conditioning coil, compressor(s) and
outdoor coil or refrigerant-to-water heat exchanger, including
means to provide both heating and cooling functions. When
such equipment is provided in more than one assembly, the
separate assemblies shall be designed to be used together. Vapor retarder: A layer of low moisture transmissivity
material (not more than 1.0 perm dry cup) placed over the warm
side (in winter) of insulation, over the exterior of below
grade walls, and under floors as ground cover to limit the
transport of water and water vapor through exterior walls,
ceilings, and floors. Vapor retarding paint, listed for this
application, also meets this definition. Vaulted ceilings: All ceilings where enclosed joist or
rafter space is formed by ceilings applied directly to the
underside of roof joists or rafters. Ventilation: The process of supplying or removing air by
natural or mechanical means to or from any space. Such air
may or may not have been conditioned. Ventilation air: That portion of supply air which comes
from outside (outdoors) plus any recirculated air that has
been treated to maintain the desired quality of air within a
designated space. Vertical glazing: A glazing surface that has a slope of
60° or greater from the horizontal plane. Walls (exterior): Any member or group of members which
defines the exterior boundaries or courts of a building and
which have a slope of sixty degrees or greater with the
horizontal plane, and separates conditioned from unconditioned
space. Band joists between floors are to be considered a part
of exterior walls. Washington State Building Code: The Washington State
Building Code is comprised of the International Building Code;
the International Residential Code; the International
Mechanical Code; the International Fire Code; the Uniform
Plumbing Code; the state regulations for barrier-free
facilities, as designated in RCW 19.27.031; the State Energy
Code; and any other codes so designated by the Washington
state legislature as adopted and amended by the State Building
Code Council. Zone: A space or group of spaces within a building with
heating and/or cooling requirements sufficiently similar so
that comfort conditions can be maintained throughout by a
single controlling device. Each dwelling unit in residential
buildings shall be considered a single zone.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020, 19.27A.045. 04-01-106,
§ 51-11-0201, filed 12/17/03, effective 7/1/04; 02-24-076, §
51-11-0201, filed 12/4/02, effective 5/1/03. Statutory
Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 01-03-010, §
51-11-0201, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01; 98-03-003, §
51-11-0201, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory
Authority: Chapters 19.27, 19.27A and 34.05 RCW. 94-05-059,
§ 51-11-0201, filed 2/10/94, effective 4/1/94. Statutory
Authority: RCW 19.27A.025. 93-21-052, § 51-11-0201, filed
10/18/93, effective 4/1/94. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020 and 1990 c 2. 91-01-112, § 51-11-0201, filed
12/19/90, effective 7/1/91.] Thermostat set point, cooling Thermostat night set back Thermostat night set back period 78° F 65° F 0 hours R-1 and R-2 units 1500 Btu/hr Setpoint 120° F Heat Pumps Other Fuels)) 6.80 HSPF. 0.78 AFUE.))
Equipment shall
comply with Section
1411.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020, 19.27A.045. 04-01-106,
§ 51-11-0402, filed 12/17/03, effective 7/1/04. Statutory
Authority: RCW 19.27A.025 and 19.27A.045. 98-03-003, §
51-11-0402, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory
Authority: Chapters 19.27, 19.27A and 34.05 RCW. 94-05-059,
§ 51-11-0402, filed 2/10/94, effective 4/1/94. Statutory
Authority: RCW 19.27A.020 and 1990 c 2. 91-01-112, §
51-11-0402, filed 12/19/90, effective 7/1/91.]
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045 and chapters
19.27, 19.27A, and 34.05 RCW. 05-01-013, § 51-11-0502, filed
12/2/04, effective 7/1/05. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020, 19.27A.045. 04-01-106, § 51-11-0502, filed
12/17/03, effective 7/1/04. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 02-01-112, § 51-11-0502, filed
12/18/01, effective 7/1/02; 01-03-010, § 51-11-0502, filed
1/5/01, effective 7/1/01; 98-03-003, § 51-11-0502, filed
1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: Chapters
19.27 and 19.27A RCW and 1994 c 226. 95-01-126, § 51-11-0502,
filed 12/21/94, effective 6/30/95. Statutory Authority:
Chapters 19.27, 19.27A and 34.05 RCW. 94-05-059, §
51-11-0502, filed 2/10/94, effective 4/1/94. Statutory
Authority: Chapter 19.27A RCW. 92-01-140, § 51-11-0502,
filed 12/19/91, effective 7/1/92. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020 and 1990 c 2. 91-01-112, § 51-11-0502, filed
12/19/90, effective 7/1/91.] Reviser's note: The brackets and enclosed material in the text of the above section occurred in the copy filed by the agency and appear in the Register pursuant to the requirements of RCW 34.08.040. 503.1 General: This section covers the determination of
design requirements, system and component performance, control
requirements, insulating systems and duct sealing. For all
other duct construction requirements, refer to the State
Mechanical Code (chapter 51-42 WAC).
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020, 19.27A.045. 04-01-106,
§ 51-11-0503, filed 12/17/03, effective 7/1/04; 02-24-076, §
51-11-0503, filed 12/4/02, effective 5/1/03. Statutory
Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 02-01-112, §
51-11-0503, filed 12/18/01, effective 7/1/02; 01-03-010, §
51-11-0503, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01. Statutory
Authority: RCW 19.27A.020, 19.27A.045, and 19.27.020.
98-24-075, § 51-11-0503, filed 12/1/98, effective 7/1/99.
Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025 and 19.27A.045.
98-03-003, § 51-11-0503, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98.
Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025. 93-21-052, §
51-11-0503, filed 10/18/93, effective 4/1/94. Statutory
Authority: Chapter 19.27A RCW. 92-01-140, § 51-11-0503,
filed 12/19/91, effective 7/1/92. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020 and 1990 c 2. 91-01-112, § 51-11-0503, filed
12/19/90, effective 7/1/91.]
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020, 19.27A.045. 04-01-106,
§ 51-11-0504, filed 12/17/03, effective 7/1/04. Statutory
Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 01-03-010, §
51-11-0504, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01; 98-03-003, §
51-11-0504, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory
Authority: Chapter 19.27A RCW. 92-01-140, § 51-11-0504,
filed 12/19/91, effective 7/1/92. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020 and 1990 c 2. 91-01-112, § 51-11-0504, filed
12/19/90, effective 7/1/91.] 505.2 Lighting Power: Lighting shall comply with the
Prescriptive Lighting Option in Section 1520 or the Lighting
Power Allowance Option in Section 1530.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020, 19.27A.045. 04-01-106,
§ 51-11-0505, filed 12/17/03, effective 7/1/04. Statutory
Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 01-03-010, §
51-11-0505, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01. Statutory
Authority: RCW 19.27A.025. 93-21-052, § 51-11-0505, filed
10/18/93, effective 4/1/94. Statutory Authority: Chapter 19.27A RCW. 92-01-140, § 51-11-0505, filed 12/19/91,
effective 7/1/92. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020 and
1990 c 2. 91-01-112, § 51-11-0505, filed 12/19/90, effective
7/1/91.] EQUATION 1 -- GROUP R OCCUPANCY
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025 and 19.27A.045.
98-03-003, § 51-11-0525, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98.
Statutory Authority: Chapters 19.27, 19.27A and 34.05 RCW.
94-05-059, § 51-11-0525, filed 2/10/94, effective 4/1/94.
Statutory Authority: Chapter 19.27A RCW. 92-01-140, §
51-11-0525, filed 12/19/91, effective 7/1/92.] TABLE 5-1 Group R-1 and R-2 Group R-3 and R-4 U = 0.400 U = 0.350 U = 0.400 U = 0.350 (R-5) (R-5) Attic Single Rafter/ Joist Vaulted3 U = 0.031 (R-38) U = 0.034 (R-30) U = 0.031 (R-38) U = 0.034 (R-30) (( (R-(( (R-19A +R-5) (R-19) (R-19))) (R-30) (R-30) Slab R-Value (R-10) (R-10) Slab F = 0.69 F = 0.69 Slab F = 0.64 F = 0.64 Slab F = 0.57 F = 0.57 Slab F = 0.60 F = 0.60 Slab F = 0.57 F = 0.57 Slab F = 0.42 F = 0.42 2. "A" means advanced framing. For more information, see Section 1005.2. 3. Requirement applicable only to single rafter or joist vaulted ceilings where both (a) the distance between the top of the ceiling and
the underside of the roof sheathing is less than 12 inches and (b) there is a minimum 1-inch vented airspace above the insulation.
Other single rafter or joist vaulted ceilings shall comply with the "ceiling" requirements. This option is limited to 500 square feet of
ceiling area for any one dwelling unit.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 02-01-112,
§ 51-11-0530, filed 12/18/01, effective 7/1/02; 01-03-010, §
51-11-0530, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01; 98-03-003, §
51-11-0530, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory
Authority: Chapters 19.27 and 19.27A RCW and 1994 c 226.
95-01-126, § 51-11-0530, filed 12/21/94, effective 6/30/95.
Statutory Authority: Chapter 19.27A RCW. 92-01-140, §
51-11-0530, filed 12/19/91, effective 7/1/92.] INSULATION OF DUCTS DUCT LOCATION CLIMATE ZONE HEATING OR COOLING DUCTS exterior of building II D and W crawl space, in walls1, in floor/ceiling1 I II E E None Required or in ground B
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025. 93-21-052, §
51-11-0540, filed 10/18/93, effective 4/1/94. Statutory
Authority: Chapter 19.27A RCW. 92-01-140, § 51-11-0540,
filed 12/19/91, effective 7/1/92.]
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020, 19.27A.045. 02-24-076,
§ 51-11-0602, filed 12/4/02, effective 5/1/03. Statutory
Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 02-01-112, §
51-11-0602, filed 12/18/01, effective 7/1/02; 98-03-003, §
51-11-0602, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory
Authority: Chapters 19.27, 19.27A and 34.05 RCW. 94-05-059,
§ 51-11-0602, filed 2/10/94, effective 4/1/94. Statutory
Authority: RCW 19.27A.020 and 1990 c 2. 91-01-112, §
51-11-0602, filed 12/19/90, effective 7/1/91.] TABLE 6-1 % of Floor U- Factor on Grade Group R-1 and
R-2 Occupancy
only U = 0.031 U = 0.034 U = (( U = 0.029 U = 0.031 U = 0.034 U = (( U = 0.029 TABLE 6-2 % of Floor U- Factor on Grade +R-58 +R-58 Group R-1 and
R-2
Occupancy
only U = 0.031 U = 0.034 U = 0.054 U = 0.029 F = 0.54 Group R-3 and
R-4
Occupancy
only Group R-1
Occupancy
only U = 0.031 U = 0.034 int7/ U = 0.054 U = 0.029 F = 0.54
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020, 19.27A.045. 04-01-106,
§ 51-11-0625, filed 12/17/03, effective 7/1/04; 02-24-076, §
51-11-0625, filed 12/4/02, effective 5/1/03. Statutory
Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 02-01-112, §
51-11-0625, filed 12/18/01, effective 7/1/02; 01-03-010, §
51-11-0625, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01; 98-03-003, §
51-11-0625, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory
Authority: Chapters 19.27 and 19.27A RCW and 1994 c 226.
95-01-126, § 51-11-0625, filed 12/21/94, effective 6/30/95.
Statutory Authority: Chapters 19.27, 19.27A and 34.05 RCW.
94-05-059, § 51-11-0625, filed 2/10/94, effective 4/1/94.
Statutory Authority: Chapter 19.27A RCW. 92-01-140, §
51-11-0625, filed 12/19/91, effective 7/1/92.] STANDARD NO. Phone 212-642-4900 fax 212-398-0023, internet www.ansi.org Phone 703-524-8800 fax 703-528-3816, internet www.ari.org Phone 404-636-8400 fax 404-321-5478, internet www.ashrae.org Phone 610-832-9585 fax 610-832-9555, internet www.astm.org Phone 281-583-4087 fax 281-537-1721, internet www.cti.org Phone 212-248-5000 fax 212-248-5017, internet www.iesna.org Phone 301-589-1776 fax (( Phone 703-803-2980 fax 703-803-3732, internet www.smacna.org
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020, 19.27A.045. 04-01-106,
§ 51-11-0701, filed 12/17/03, effective 7/1/04. Statutory
Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 01-03-010, §
51-11-0701, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01; 98-03-003, §
51-11-0701, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory
Authority: RCW 19.27A.020 and 1990 c 2. 91-01-112, §
51-11-0701, filed 12/19/90, effective 7/1/91.] Climate Zone 2 25 Btu/h•ft2 Example: A 2000 ft2 house in Zone 2, heated with gas,
would not have to submit a design heat load if the proposed
furnace is 50,000 Btu or less.
EXCEPTION:
New additions which do not fully comply with the requirements of this Code and which have a floor
area which is less than seven hundred fifty square feet shall be approved provided that improvements
are made to the existing occupancy to compensate for any deficiencies in the new addition.
Compliance shall be demonstrated by either systems analysis or component performance calculations.
The nonconforming addition and upgraded, existing occupancy shall have an energy budget or Target
UA which is less than or equal to the unimproved existing building (minus any elements which are no
longer part of the building envelope once the addition is added), with the addition designed to comply
with this Code.
101.3.2.2 Historic Buildings: The building official may
modify the specific requirements of this Code for historic
buildings and require in lieu thereof alternate requirements
which will result in a reasonable degree of energy efficiency.
This modification may be allowed for those buildings which
have been specifically designated as historically significant
by the state or local governing body, or listed in The
National Register of Historic Places or which have been
determined to be eligible for listing.
101.3.2.3 Change of Occupancy or Use:
Any Other than Group R Occupancy which is converted to
Group R Occupancy shall be brought into full compliance with
this Code.
101.3.2.4 Alterations and Repairs: All alterations and
repairs to buildings or portions thereof originally
constructed subject to the requirements of this Code shall
conform to the provisions of this Code without exception. For
all other existing buildings, initial tenant alterations shall
comply with the new construction requirements of this Code.
Other alterations and repairs may be made to existing
buildings and moved buildings without making the entire
building comply with all of the requirements of this Code for
new buildings, provided the following requirements are met:
101.3.2.5 Building Envelope: The result of the
alterations or repairs both:
1. Improves the energy efficiency of the building, and
2. Complies with the overall average thermal
transmittance values of the elements of the exterior building
envelope in Table 5-1 of Chapter 5 or the nominal R-values and
glazing requirements of the reference case in Tables 6-1 and
6-2.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Untested storm windows may be installed over existing glazing for an assumed U-factor of 0.90,
however, where glass and sash are being replaced in Group R Occupancy, glazing shall comply with the
appropriate reference case in Table 6-1 and 6-2.
2. Where the structural elements of the altered portions of roof/ceiling, wall or floor are not being
replaced, these elements shall be deemed to comply with this Code if all existing framing cavities which
are exposed during construction are filled to the full depth with batt insulation or insulation having an
equivalent nominal R-value while, for roof/ceilings, maintaining the required space for ventilation.
Existing walls and floors without framing cavities need not be insulated. Existing roofs shall be
insulated to the requirements of this Code if
a. The roof is uninsulated or insulation is removed to the level of the sheathing, or
b. All insulation in the roof/ceiling was previously installed exterior to the sheathing or nonexistent.
101.3.2.6 Building Mechanical Systems: Those parts of
systems which are altered or replaced shall comply with
section 503 of this Code.
101.3.2.7 Service Water Heating: Those parts of systems
which are altered or replaced shall comply with section 504.
101.3.2.8 Lighting: Alterations shall comply with
section 1132.3.
EXCEPTION:
Group R-3 and R-4 Occupancy and the dwelling unit portions of Group R-1 and R-2 Occupancy.
101.3.3 Mixed Occupancy: When a building houses more
than one occupancy, each portion of the building shall conform
to the requirements for the occupancy housed therein. Where
approved by the building official, where minor accessory uses
do not occupy more than ten percent of the area of any floor
of a building, the major use may be considered the building
occupancy.
101.4 Amendments by Local Government: Except as provided
in RCW 19.27A.020(7), this Code shall be the maximum and
minimum energy code for Group R Occupancy in each town, city
and county, no later than July 1, 1991.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 04-01-106, filed 12/17/03,
effective 7/1/04)
WAC 51-11-0201
Scope.
The following definitions shall
apply to chapters 1 through 20.
201.1 Application of Terms: For the purposes of this
Code, certain abbreviations, terms, phrases, words and their
derivatives, shall be as set forth in this chapter. Where
terms are not defined, they shall have their ordinary accepted
meanings within the context with which they are used. In the
event there is a question about the definition of a term, the
definitions for terms in the codes enumerated in RCW 19.27.031
and the edition of Webster's dictionary referenced therein
shall be considered as the sources for providing ordinarily
accepted meanings.EER. Energy efficiency ratio: The ratio of net
equipment cooling capacity in Btu/h to total rate of electric
input in watts under designated operating conditions.))F-Factor: The perimeter heat loss factor expressed in
Btu/hr • ft •°F.as specified by the manufacturer according to recognized
trade and engineering standards)) alone as determined in
accordance with the U.S. Federal Trade Commission R-value rule
(CFR Title 16, Part 460) in units of h • ft2 • °F/Btu at a mean
temperature of 75°F. Nominal R-value refers to the thermal
resistance of the added insulation in framing cavities or
insulated sheathing only and does not include the thermal
resistance of other building materials or air films.
Note:
Heat gains to be compared under the same conditions. See Chapter 30 of Standard RS-1, listed in Chapter 7
of this Code.
Shall: Denotes a mandatory code requirement.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 04-01-106, filed 12/17/03,
effective 7/1/04)
WAC 51-11-0402
Systems analysis.
402.1 Special Requirements for All Group R Occupancy:
402.1.1 Energy Budgets: Proposed buildings designed in
accordance with this section shall be designed to use no more
energy from nonrenewable sources for space heating, and
domestic hot water heating than a standard building whose
enclosure elements and energy consuming systems are designed
in accordance with section 502.2 of this Code for the
appropriate climate zone, and heating system type and whose
mechanical system type is the same as the proposed building
and which complies with Section 503 of this Code. Energy
derived from renewable sources may be excluded from the total
annual energy consumption attributed to the alternative
building.
402.1.2 Calculation of Energy Consumption: The
application for a building permit shall include documentation
which demonstrates, using a calculation procedure as listed in
Chapter 8, or an approved alternate, that the proposed
building's annual space heating energy use does not exceed the
annual space heating and water heating energy use of a
standard building conforming to Chapter 5 of this Code for the
appropriate climate zone. The total calculated annual energy
consumption shall be shown in units of kWh/ft2-yr or Btu/ft2-yr
of conditioned area.
402.1.3 Input Values: The following standardized input
values shall be used in calculating annual space heating
budgets:
PARAMETER
VALUE
Thermostat set point, heating
65° F
Internal gain
R-3 and R-4 units
3000 Btu/hr
Domestic Hot Water Heater
Domestic Hot Water Consumption
20 gallons/person/day.
Minimum heat storage
Calculated using
standard engineering
practice for the actual
building or as
approved.
Site weather data
Typical meteorological
year (TMY) or ersatz
TMY data for the
closest appropriate
TMY site or other sites
as approved.Heating and cooling equipment efficiency
((
Electric resistance heat((
1.00
The standard building shall be modeled with glazing area
distributed equally among the four cardinal directions.
Parameter values that may be varied by the building designer
to model energy saving options include, but are not limited
to, the following:
1. Overall thermal transmittance, Uo, of building envelope
or individual building components;
2. Heat storage capacity of building;
3. Glazing orientation; area; and solar heat
coefficients; (where Chapter 5 does not contain SHGC
requirements, the standard design shall be modeled with
glazing SHGC as determined by Tables 13-1 and 13-2. SHGC
values shall be determined in accordance with Section 1312.2.)
4. Heating system efficiency.
402.1.4 Solar Shading and Access: Building designs using
passive solar features with eight percent or more south facing
equivalent glazing to qualify shall provide to the building
official a sun chart or other approved documentation depicting
actual site shading for use in calculating compliance under
this section. The building shall contain at least forty-five
Btu/°F for each square foot of south facing glass.
402.1.5 Infiltration: Infiltration levels used shall be
set at 0.35 air changes per hour for thermal calculation
purposes only.
402.1.6 Heat Pumps: The heating season performance
factor (HSPF) for heat pumps shall be calculated using
procedures consistent with section 5.2 of the U.S. Department
of Energy Test Procedure for Central Air Conditioners,
including heat pumps published in the December 27, 1979
Federal Register Vol. 44, No. 24.10 CFR 430. Climate data as
specified above, the proposed buildings overall thermal
performance value (Btu/°F) and the standardized input
assumptions specified above shall be used to model the heat
pumps HSPF.
402.2 Energy Analysis: Compliance with this chapter will
require an analysis of the annual energy usage, hereinafter
called an annual energy analysis.
EXCEPTIONS:
Chapters 5, and 6 of this Code establish criteria for different energy-consuming and enclosure elements
of the building which, will eliminate the requirement for an annual systems energy analysis while
meeting the intent of this Code.
A building designed in accordance with this chapter will be deemed as complying with this Code if the
calculated annual energy consumption is not greater than a similar building (defined as a "standard
design") whose enclosure elements and energy-consuming systems are designed in accordance with
Chapter 5.
For an alternate building design to be considered similar to a "standard design," it shall utilize the
same energy source(s) for the same functions and have equal floor area and the same ratio of envelope
area to floor area, environmental requirements, occupancy, climate data and usage operational
schedule.
402.3 Design: The standard design, conforming to the
criteria of Chapter 5 and the proposed alternative design
shall be designed on a common basis as specified herein:
The comparison shall be expressed as kBtu or kWh input
per square foot of conditioned floor area per year at the
building site.
402.4 Analysis Procedure: The analysis of the annual
energy usage of the standard and the proposed alternative
building and system design shall meet the following criteria:
a. The building heating/cooling load calculation
procedure used for annual energy consumption analysis shall be
detailed to permit the evaluation of effect of factors
specified in section 402.5.
b. The calculation procedure used to simulate the
operation of the building and its service systems through a
full-year operating period shall be detailed to permit the
evaluation of the effect of system design, climatic factors,
operational characteristics, and mechanical equipment on
annual energy usage. Manufacturer's data or comparable field
test data shall be used when available in the simulation of
systems and equipment. The calculation procedure shall be
based upon eight thousand seven hundred sixty hours of
operation of the building and its service systems.
402.5 Calculation Procedure: The calculation procedure
shall cover the following items:
a. Design requirements -- Environmental requirements as
required in Chapter 3.
b. Climatic data -- Coincident hourly data for
temperatures, solar radiation, wind and humidity of typical
days in the year representing seasonal variation.
c. Building data -- Orientation, size, shape, mass, air,
moisture and heat transfer characteristics.
d. Operational characteristics -- Temperature, humidity,
ventilation, illumination, control mode for occupied and
unoccupied hours.
e. Mechanical equipment -- Design capacity, part load
profile.
f. Building loads -- Internal heat generation, lighting,
equipment, number of people during occupied and unoccupied
periods.
EXCEPTION:
Group R Occupancy shall comply with calculation procedures in Chapter 8, or an approved alternate.
402.6 Documentation: Proposed alternative designs,
submitted as requests for exception to the standard design
criteria, shall be accompanied by an energy analysis
comparison report. The report shall provide technical detail
on the two building and system designs and on the data used in
and resulting from the comparative analysis to verify that
both the analysis and the designs meet the criteria of Chapter
4 of this Code.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 05-01-013, filed 12/2/04,
effective 7/1/05)
WAC 51-11-0502
Building envelope requirements.
502.1 General:
502.1.1: The stated U- or F-factor of any component
assembly, listed in Table 5-1 or 5-2, such as roof/ceiling,
opaque wall or opaque floor may be increased and the U-factor
for other components decreased, provided that the total heat
gain or loss for the entire building envelope does not exceed
the total resulting from compliance to the U-factors specified
in this section.
The U-factors for typical construction assemblies are
included in Chapter 10. These values shall be used for all
calculations. Where proposed construction assemblies are not
represented in Chapter 10, values shall be calculated in
accordance with Chapters 23-30 in Standard RS-1 listed in
Chapter 7, using the framing factors listed in Chapter 10
where applicable.
For envelope assemblies containing metal framing, the
U-factor shall be determined by one of the following methods:
1. Results of laboratory or field measurements.
2. Standard RS-1, listed in Chapter 7, where the metal
framing is bonded on one or both sides to a metal skin or
covering.
3. The zone method as provided in Chapter 25 of Standard
RS-1, listed in Chapter 7.
4. Results of parallel path correction factors effective
framing/cavity R-values as provided in Table 10-5A - EFFECTIVE
R-VALUES FOR METAL FRAMING AND CAVITY ONLY for metal stud walls and
roof/ceilings.
502.1.2: For consideration of thermal mass effects, see
section 402.4.
502.1.3: When return air ceiling plenums are employed,
the roof/ceiling assembly shall:
a. For thermal transmittance purposes, not include the
ceiling proper nor the plenum space as part of the assembly;
and
b. For gross area purposes, be based upon the interior
face of the upper plenum surface.
502.1.4 Insulation:
502.1.4.1 General: All insulating materials shall comply
with sections 2603 and/or 719 of the International Building
Code. Substantial contact of the insulation with the surface
being insulated is required. All insulation materials shall
be installed according to the manufacturer's instructions to
achieve proper densities and maintain uniform R-values and
shall be installed in a manner which will permit inspection of
the manufacturer's R-value identification mark. To the
maximum extent possible, insulation shall extend over the full
component area to the intended R-value.
Alternatively, the thickness of roof/ceiling and wall
insulation that is either blown in or spray-applied shall be
identified by inches of thickness, density and R-value markers
installed at least one for every 300 square feet (28 m2)
through the attic, ceiling and/or wall space. In attics, the
markers shall be affixed to the trusses or joists and marked
with the minimum initial installed thickness and minimum
settled thickness with numbers a minimum 1.0 inch (25 mm) in
height. Each marker shall face the attic access. The
thickness of installed attic insulation shall meet or exceed
the minimum initial installed thickness shown by the marker.
In cathedral ceilings and walls, the markers shall be affixed
to the rafter and wall frame at alternating high and low
intervals and marked with the minimum installed density and
R-value with numbers a minimum 1.0 inch (25 mm) in height.
Each marker shall face the conditioned room area.
502.1.4.2 Insulation Materials: All insulation materials
including facings such as vapor barriers or breather papers
installed within floor/ceiling assemblies, roof/ceiling
assemblies, walls, crawl spaces, or attics shall have a flame
spread rating of less than 25 and a smoke density not to
exceed 450 when tested in accordance with ASTM E84-01.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Foam plastic insulation shall comply with section 2603 of the International Building Code.
2. When such materials are installed in concealed spaces of Types III, IV and V construction, the flame
spread and smoke developed limitations do not apply to facing, provided that the facing is installed in
substantial contact with the unexposed surface of the ceiling, floor or wall finish.
3. Cellulose insulation shall comply with section 719 of the International Building Code.
502.1.4.3 Clearances: Where required, insulation shall
be installed with clearances according to manufacturer's
specifications. Insulation shall be installed so that
required ventilation is unobstructed. For blown or poured
loose fill insulation, clearances shall be maintained through
installation of a permanent retainer.
502.1.4.4 Access Hatches and Doors: Access doors from
conditioned spaces to unconditioned spaces (e.g., attics and
crawl spaces) shall be weatherstripped and insulated to a
level equivalent to the insulation on the surrounding
surfaces. Access shall be provided to all equipment which
prevents damaging or compressing the insulation. A wood
framed or equivalent baffle or retainer must be provided when
loose fill insulation is installed, the purpose of which is to
prevent the loose fill insulation from spilling into the
living space when the attic access is opened, and to provide a
permanent means of maintaining the installed R-value of the
loose fill insulation.
502.1.4.5 Roof/Ceiling Insulation: Open-blown or poured
loose fill insulation may be used in attic spaces where the
slope of the ceiling is not more than 3 feet in 12 and there
is at least 30 inches of clear distance from the top of the
bottom chord of the truss or ceiling joist to the underside of
the sheathing at the roof ridge. When eave vents are
installed, baffling of the vent openings shall be provided so
as to deflect the incoming air above the surface of the
insulation. Baffles shall be, rigid material, resistant to
wind driven moisture. Requirements for baffles for ceiling
insulation shall meet the International Building Code section
1203.2 for minimum ventilation requirements. When feasible,
the baffles shall be installed from the top of the outside of
the exterior wall, extending inward, to a point 6 inches
vertically above the height of noncompressed insulation, and
12 inches vertically above loose fill insulation.
502.1.4.6 Wall Insulation: Insulation installed in
exterior walls shall comply with the provisions of this
section. All wall insulation shall fill the entire framed
cavity. Exterior wall cavities isolated during framing shall
be fully insulated to the levels of the surrounding walls.
All faced insulation shall be face stapled to avoid
compression.
EXCEPTION:
Framed cavity can be empty or partially filled provided:
1. The wall assembly calculations are performed along with a completed performance calculation for
the whole building; and
2. Insulation installed in partially filled cavities is not included in the performance calculation.
502.1.4.7 Floor Insulation: Floor insulation shall be
installed in a permanent manner in substantial contact with
the surface being insulated. Insulation supports shall be
installed so spacing is no more than 24 inches on center.
Foundation vents shall be placed so that the top of the vent
is below the lower surface of the floor insulation.
EXCEPTION:
Insulation may be omitted from floor areas over heated basements, heated garages or underfloor areas
used as HVAC supply plenums. When foundation walls are insulated, the insulation shall be attached in
a permanent manner. The insulation shall not block the airflow through foundation vents when
installed. When foundation vents are not placed so that the top of the vent is below the lower surface
of the floor insulation, a permanently attached baffle shall be installed at an angle of 30° from
horizontal, to divert air flow below the lower surface of the floor insulation.
502.1.4.8 Slab-On-Grade: Slab-on-grade insulation,
installed inside the foundation wall, shall extend downward
from the top of the slab for a minimum distance of 24 inches
or downward and then horizontally beneath the slab for a
minimum combined distance of 24 inches. Insulation installed
outside the foundation shall extend downward to a minimum of
24 inches or to the frostline. Above grade insulation shall
be protected.
EXCEPTION:
For monolithic slabs, the insulation shall extend downward from the top of the slab to the bottom of
the footing.
502.1.4.9 Radiant Slabs: The entire area of a radiant
slab shall be thermally isolated from the soil, with a minimum
of R-10 insulation. The insulation shall be an approved
product for its intended use. If a soil gas control system is
present below the radiant slab, which results in increased
convective flow below the radiant slab, the radiant slab shall
be thermally isolated from the sub-slab gravel layer.
502.1.4.10 Below Grade Walls: Below grade exterior wall
insulation used on the exterior (cold) side of the wall shall
extend from the top of the below grade wall to the top of the
footing and shall be approved for below grade use. Above
grade insulation shall be protected.
Insulation used on the interior (warm) side of the wall
shall extend from the top of the below grade wall to the below
grade floor level.
502.1.5 Glazing and Door U-factors: Glazing and door
U-factors shall be determined in accordance with sections
502.1.5.1 and 502.1.5.2. All products shall be labeled with
the NFRC certified or default U-factor. The labeled U-factor
shall be used in all calculations to determine compliance with
this Code. Sealed insulating glass shall conform to, or be in
test for, ASTM E-774-81 class A.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. For glazed wall systems, assemblies with all of the following features are deemed to satisfy the
vertical glazing U-factor requirement in Table 6-1 or 6-2 options with vertical glazing U-0.40 and
greater:
a. Double glazing with a minimum 1/2 inch gap width, having a low-emissivity coating with e = 0.10
maximum, with 90% minimum argon gas fill, and a non-aluminum spacer (as defined in footnote 1 to
Table 10-6B), and
b. Frame that is thermal break aluminum (as defined in footnote 9 to Table 10-6B), wood, aluminum
clad wood, vinyl, aluminum clad vinyl, or reinforced vinyl.
The only labeling requirement for products using this exception shall be a description of the product
and a label stating: "This product is deemed to satisfy the Table 6-1 or 6-2 vertical glazing U-factor
requirement using the exception to Section 502.1.5 in the Washington State Energy Code."
2. For overhead glazing, assemblies with all of the following features are deemed to satisfy the overhead
glazing U-factor requirement in Table 6-1 or 6-2 options except the unlimited glazing area options
(Options IV and V in Table 6-1 and Options V, VI and ((
VI)) VII in Table 6-2):
a. Either, double glazing with a minimum 1/2 inch gap width, having a low-emissivity coating with e
=0.20 maximum, with 90% minimum argon gas fill, or, triple glazed plastic domes, and
b. Frame that is thermal break aluminum (as defined in footnote 9 to Table 10-6B), wood, aluminum
clad wood, vinyl, aluminum clad vinyl, or reinforced vinyl.
The only labeling requirement for products using this exception shall be a description of the product
and a label stating: "This product is deemed to satisfy the Table 6-1 or 6-2 overhead glazing U-factor
requirement using the exception to Section 502.1.5 in the Washington State Energy Code."
3. For solariums with a floor area which does not exceed 300 square feet, assemblies which comply with
the features listed in exception 2 are deemed to satisfy the vertical glazing and overhead glazing
U-factor requirement in Table 6-1 or 6-2 options with vertical glazing U-0.40 and greater.
The only labeling requirement for products using this exception shall be a description of the product
and a label stating: "This product is deemed to satisfy the Table 6-1 or 6-2 vertical glazing and
overhead glazing U-factor requirements using the exception to Section 502.1.5 in the Washington
State Energy Code."
502.1.5.1 Standard Procedure for Determination of Glazing
U-factors: U-factors for glazing shall be determined,
certified and labeled in accordance with the National
Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC) Product Certification
Program (PCP), as authorized by an independent certification
and inspection agency licensed by the NFRC. Compliance shall
be based on the Residential Model Size. Product samples used
for U-factor determinations shall be production line units or
representative of units as purchased by the consumer or
contractor. Products that are listed in the NFRC Certified
Products Directory or certified to the NFRC standard shall not
use default values.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Glazing products without NFRC ratings may be assigned default U-factors from Table 10-6A for
vertical glazing and from Table 10-6E for overhead glazing.
2. Units without NFRC ratings produced by a small business may be assigned default U-factors from
Table 10-6A for garden windows, from Table 10-6B for other vertical glazing, and from Table 10-6E
for overhead glazing.
502.1.5.2 Standard Procedure for Determination of Door
U-factors: All doors, including fire doors, shall be assigned
default U-factors from Table 10-6C.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. U-factors determined, certified and labeled in accordance with the National Fenestration Rating
Council (NFRC) Product Certification Program (PCP), as authorized by an independent certification
and inspection agency licensed by the NFRC.
2. The default values for the opaque portions of doors shall be those listed in Table 10-6C, provided
that the U-factor listed for a door with a thermal break shall only be allowed if both the door and the
frame have a thermal break.
3. One unlabeled or untested exterior swinging door with the maximum area of 24 square feet may be
installed for ornamental, security or architectural purposes. Products using this exception shall not be
included in the U-factor calculation requirements, however glazing area shall be included in glazing area
calculations.
502.1.6 Moisture Control:
502.1.6.1 Vapor Retarders: Vapor retarders shall be
installed on the warm side (in winter) of insulation as
specified in the following cases.
EXCEPTION:
Vapor retarder installed with not more than 1/3 of the nominal R-value between it and the conditioned
space.
502.1.6.2 Floors: Floors separating conditioned space
from unconditioned space shall have a vapor retarder
installed. The vapor retarder shall have a one perm dry cup
rating or less (i.e., four mil [0.004 inch thick] polyethylene
or kraft faced material).
502.1.6.3 Roof/Ceilings: Roof/ceiling assemblies where
the ventilation space above the insulation is less than an
average of 12 inches shall be provided with a vapor retarder.
Faced batt insulation where used as a vapor retarder shall be
face stapled. Single rafter joist vaulted ceiling cavities
shall be of sufficient depth to allow a minimum one inch
vented air space above the insulation.
502.1.6.4: Vapor retarders shall not be required in
roof/ceiling assemblies where the ventilation space above the
insulation averages 12 inches or greater.
502.1.6.5: Vapor retarders shall not be required where
all of the insulation is installed between the roof membrane
and the structural roof deck.
502.1.6.6 Walls: Walls separating conditioned space from
unconditioned space shall have a vapor retarder installed.
Faced batt insulation shall be face stapled.
EXCEPTION:
For climate zone 1, wood framed walls with a minimum of nominal R-5 continuous insulated sheathing
installed outside of the framing and structural sheathing. For climate zone 2, wood framed walls with a
minimum of nominal R-7.5 continuous insulated sheathing installed outside of the framing and
structural sheathing. The interior cavity insulation for this exception shall be a maximum of nominal
R-21.
502.1.6.7 Ground Cover: A ground cover of six mil (0.006
inch thick) black polyethylene or approved equal shall be laid
over the ground within crawl spaces. The ground cover shall
be overlapped 12 inches minimum at the joints and shall extend
to the foundation wall.
EXCEPTION:
The ground cover may be omitted in crawl spaces if the crawl space has a concrete slab floor with a
minimum thickness of 3-1/2 inches.
502.2 Thermal Criteria for Group R Occupancy:
502.2.1 UA Calculations: The proposed UA as calculated
using Equations 2 and 3 shall not exceed the target UA as
calculated using Equation 1. For the purpose of determining
equivalent thermal performance, the glazing area for the
target UA shall be calculated using values in Table 5-1. The
opaque door area shall be the same in the target UA and the
proposed UA.
EXCEPTION:
Log and solid timber walls that have a minimum average thickness of 3.5" and with space heat type
other than electric resistance, are exempt from wall target UA and proposed UA calculations.
502.2.2 Space Heat Type: The following two categories
comprise all space heating types:
1. Electric Resistance: Space heating systems which
include baseboard units, radiant units and forced air units as
either the primary or secondary heating system.
EXCEPTION:
Electric resistance systems for which the total electric heat capacity in each individual dwelling unit
does not exceed the greater of: 1) One thousand watts (1000 w) per dwelling unit, or; 2) One watt per
square foot (1 w/ft2) of the gross floor area.
2. Other: All gas, wood, oil and propane space heating
systems, unless electric resistance is used as a secondary
heating system, and all heat pump space heating systems. (See
EXCEPTIONS, Electric Resistance, section 502.2.2 above.)
502.3 Reserved.
502.4 Air Leakage:
502.4.1 General: The requirements of this section shall
apply to all buildings and structures, or portions thereof,
and only to those locations separating outdoor ambient
conditions from interior spaces that are heated or
mechanically cooled.
502.4.2 Doors and Windows, General: Exterior doors and
windows shall be designed to limit air leakage into or from
the building envelope. Site-constructed doors and windows
shall be sealed in accordance with Section 502.4.3.
502.4.3 Seals and Weatherstripping:
a. Exterior joints around windows and door frames,
openings between walls and foundation, between walls and roof
and wall panels; openings at penetrations of utility services
through walls, floors and roofs; and all other openings in the
building envelope for all occupancies and all other openings
in between units in R-1 and R-2 Occupancy shall be sealed,
caulked, gasketed or weatherstripped to limit air leakage.
Other exterior joints and seams shall be similarly treated, or
taped, or covered with moisture vapor permeable housewrap.
b. All exterior doors or doors serving as access to an
enclosed unheated area shall be weatherstripped to limit
leakage around their perimeter when in a closed position.
c. Site built windows are exempt from testing but shall
be made tight fitting. Fixed lights shall have glass retained
by stops with sealant or caulking all around. Operating sash
shall have weatherstripping working against overlapping trim
and a closer/latch which will hold the sash closed. The
window frame to framing crack shall be made tight with
caulking, overlapping membrane or other approved technique.
d. Openings that are required to be fire resistive are
exempt from this section.
502.4.4 Recessed Lighting Fixtures: When installed in
the building envelope, recessed lighting fixtures shall ((meet
one of the following requirements:
1. Type IC rated, manufactured with no penetrations
between the inside of the recessed fixture and ceiling cavity
and sealed or gasketed to prevent air leakage into the
unconditioned space.
2. Type IC rated, installed inside a sealed box
constructed from a minimum 1/2 inch thick gypsum wall board,
or constructed from a preformed polymeric vapor barrier, or
other air tight assembly manufactured for this purpose.
3.)) be Type IC rated((,)) and certified under ASTM E283
to have no more than 2.0 cfm air movement from the conditioned
space to the ceiling cavity. The lighting fixture shall be
tested at 75 Pascals or 1.57 lbs/ft2 pressure difference and
have a label attached, showing compliance with this test
method. Recessed lighting fixtures shall be installed with a
gasket or caulk between the fixture and ceiling to prevent air
leakage.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 04-01-106, filed 12/17/03,
effective 7/1/04)
WAC 51-11-0503
Building mechanical systems.
503.2 Calculations of Heating and Cooling Loads, and
System Sizing Limits: The design parameters specified in
Chapter 3 shall apply for all computations.
503.2.1 Calculation Procedures: Heating and cooling
design loads for the purpose of sizing HVAC systems are
required and shall be calculated in accordance with accepted
engineering practice, including infiltration and ventilation.
503.2.2 Space Heating and Space Cooling System Sizing
Limits: Building mechanical systems for all buildings which
provide space heating and/or space cooling shall be sized no
greater than ((two hundred)) one hundred fifty percent
(((200)) 150%) of the heating and cooling design loads as
calculated above.
EXCEPTIONS:
The following limited exemptions from the sizing limit shall be allowed; however, in all cases heating
and/or cooling design load calculations shall be submitted.
1. For equipment which provides both heating and cooling in one package unit, including heat pumps
with electric heating and cooling and gas-pack units with gas heating and electric cooling, compliance
need only be demonstrated for either the space heating or space cooling system size.
2. Natural gas- or oil-fired space heating equipment whose total rated space heating output in any one
dwelling unit is
a. 40,000 Btu/h or less is exempt from the sizing limit,
b. Larger than 40,000 Btu/h may exceed the ((
two hundred)) one hundred fifty (((200)) 150%) percent
sizing limit but not exceed 250 percent provided that the installed equipment has an annual fuel
utilization efficiency (AFUE) of ((not less than)) ninety (90%) percent or greater.
3. Stand-by equipment may be installed if controls and other devices are provided which allow
redundant equipment to operate only when the primary equipment is not operating.
503.3 Simultaneous Heating and Cooling: Systems and
equipment that provide simultaneous heating and cooling shall
comply with the requirements in, as appropriate, Section 1422
or Section 1435.
503.4 HVAC Equipment Performance Requirements: All
heating equipment shall meet the requirements of the ((1987))
National Appliance Energy Conservation Act (NAECA) and be so
labeled. Equipment shall also comply with Section 1411.
503.5 Reserved.
503.6 Balancing: The HVAC system design shall provide a
means for balancing air and water systems. Balancing the
system shall include, but not be limited to, dampers,
temperature and pressure test connections and balancing
valves.
503.7 Cooling with Outdoor Air (Economizer Cycle):
Systems and equipment that provide mechanical cooling shall
comply with Section 1413 and, as appropriate, Section 1423 or
1433.
503.8 Controls:
503.8.1 Temperature Control: Each system shall be
provided with at least one adjustable thermostat for the
regulation of temperature. Each thermostat shall be capable
of being set by adjustment or selection of sensors as follows:
503.8.1.1: When used to control heating only:
Fifty-five degrees to seventy-five degrees F.
503.8.1.2: When used to control cooling only: Seventy
degrees to eighty-five degrees F.
503.8.1.3: When used to control both heating and
cooling, it shall be capable of being set from fifty-five
degrees to eighty-five degrees F and shall be capable of
operating the system heating and cooling in sequence. The
thermostat and/or control system shall have an adjustable
deadband of not less than ten degrees F.
503.8.2 Humidity Control: If a system is equipped with a
means for adding moisture to maintain specific selected
relative humidities in space or zones, a humidistat shall be
provided. Humidistats shall be capable of being set to
prevent new energy from being used to produce space-relative
humidity above thirty percent.
EXCEPTION:
Special uses requiring different relative humidities may be permitted when approved by the building
official.
503.8.3 Zoning for Temperature Control:
503.8.3.1 One- and Two-Family Dwellings: At least one
thermostat for regulation of space temperature shall be
provided for each separate system. In addition, a readily
accessible manual or automatic means shall be provided to
partially restrict or shut off the heating and/or cooling
input to each zone or floor.
503.8.3.2 Multifamily Dwellings: For multifamily
dwellings, each individual dwelling unit shall have at least
one thermostat for regulation of space temperature. A readily
accessible manual or automatic means shall be provided to
partially restrict or shut off the heating and/or cooling
input to each room. Spaces other than living units shall meet
the requirements of 503.8.3.3.
503.8.3.3 ((Reserved.
503.8.3.4)) Control Setback and Shutoff:
((Residential Occupancy Groups.)) One- and Two-Family
and Individual Multifamily dwelling((s)) units -- The thermostat
required in section 503.8.3.1 or section 503.8.3.2, or an
alternate means such as a switch or clock, shall provide a
readily accessible, manual or automatic means for reducing the
energy required for heating and cooling during the periods of
nonuse or reduced need, such as, but not limited to unoccupied
periods and sleeping hours. Lowering thermostat set points to
reduce energy consumption of heating systems shall not cause
energy to be expended to reach the reduced setting.
503.8.3.4 Systems Serving Multiple Dwelling Units, Guest
Rooms, and Common Areas: Systems that serve more than two
dwelling units, guest rooms, and common areas shall comply
with the control requirements in Sections 1412 and 1432, with
the exceptions of Sections 1412.4.2 and 1432.1.
503.8.3.5 Heat Pump Controls: Programmable thermostats
are required for all heat pump systems. The cut-on
temperature for the compression heating shall be higher than
the cut-on temperature for the supplementary heat, and the
cut-off temperature for the compression heating shall be
higher than the cut-off temperature for the supplementary
heat. Heat pump thermostats will be capable of providing at
least two programmable setback periods per day. The automatic
setback thermostat shall have the capability of limiting the
use of supplemental heat during the warm-up period.
503.9 Air Handling Duct System Insulation: Ducts,
plenums and enclosures installed in or on buildings shall be
thermally insulated per Table 5-11.
EXCEPTIONS:
Duct insulation (except where required to prevent condensation) is not required in any of the following
cases:
1. When the heat gain or loss of the ducts, without insulation, will not increase the energy requirements
of the building.
2. Within the HVAC equipment.
3. Exhaust air ducts.
4. Supply or return air ducts installed in unvented crawl spaces with insulated walls, basements, or cellars
in one- and two-family dwellings.
503.10 Ducts.
503.10.1 Leakage Testing: High-pressure and
medium-pressure ducts shall be leak tested in accordance with
the 1985 Edition of the SMACNA HVAC Air Duct Leakage Test
Manual with the rate of air leakage not to exceed the maximum
rate specified in that standard.
503.10.2 Seams and Joints: All low-pressure supply and
return duct transverse joints, and enclosed stud bays or joist
cavities/space used to transport air, shall be securely
fastened and sealed with welds, gaskets, mastics (adhesives),
or mastic-plus-embedded-fabric systems installed in accordance
with the manufacturer's installation instructions.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Ducts or building cavities used for air distribution that are located entirely within the conditioned
space of the building are exempt from this section.
2. UL 181A listed tapes used with listed rigid fibrous glass ducts may be used as the primary sealant,
when installed in accordance with the listing.
3. UL 181B listed tapes used with listed flexible air ducts may be used as the primary sealant, when
installed in accordance with the listing.
4. Where enclosed stud bays or joist cavities/spaces are used to transport air sealing may be
accomplished using drywall, drywall tape plus joint compound.
5. Tapes installed in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions, providing detailed
information specific to application on ducts, including approved duct materials and required duct
surface cleaning.
503.10.3 Dampers: Requirements for Automatic or manual
dampers are found in the Washington State Ventilation and
Indoor Air Quality Code.
503.11 Pipe Insulation: All piping shall be thermally
insulated in accordance with Table 5-12.
EXCEPTION:
Piping installed within unitary HVAC equipment.
Cold water pipes outside the conditioned space shall be
insulated in accordance with the Washington State Plumbing
Code (chapter 51-56 WAC).
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 04-01-106, filed 12/17/03,
effective 7/1/04)
WAC 51-11-0504
Service water heating.
504.1 Scope: The purpose of this section is to provide
criteria for design and equipment selection that will produce
energy savings when applied to service water heating.
504.2 Water Heaters, Storage Tanks and Boilers:
504.2.1 Performance Efficiency: All Storage water
heaters shall meet the requirements of the ((1987)) National
Appliance Energy Conservation Act and be so labeled. All
electric water heaters in unheated spaces or on concrete
floors shall be placed on an incompressible, insulated surface
with a minimum thermal resistance of R-10.
For combination space and service water heaters with a
principal function of providing space heat, the Combined
Annual Efficiency (CAE) may be calculated by using ASHRAE
Standard 124-1991. Storage water heaters used in combination
space heat and water heat applications shall have either an
Energy Factor (EF) or a Combined Annual Efficiency (CAE) of
not less than the following:
Energy
Factor (EF)
Combined Annual
Efficiency (CAE)
<50 gallon storage
0.58
0.71
50 to 70 gallon
storage
0.57
0.71
>70 gallon storage
0.55
0.70
504.2.2 Insulation: Heat loss from unfired hot-water
storage tanks shall be limited to a maximum of 9.6 Btu/hr/ft2
of external tank surface area. The design ambient temperature
shall be no higher than sixty-five degrees F.
504.2.3 Combination Service Water Heating/Space Heating
Boilers: Service water heating equipment shall not be
dependent on year round operation of space heating boilers.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Systems with service/space heating boilers having a standby loss Btu/h less than:
(13.3 pmd + 400)/n
determined by the fixture count method where:
pmd
=
probably maximum demand in gallons/hour as determined in accordance with Chapter
((
48)) 49 of Standard RS-11.
n
=
fraction of year when outdoor daily mean temperature exceeds 64.9° F.
The standby loss is to be determined for a test period of twenty-four-hour duration while maintaining a
boiler water temperature of ninety degrees F above an ambient of sixty degrees F and a five foot stack on
appliance.
2. For systems where the use of a single heating unit will lead to energy savings, such unit shall be
utilized.
504.3 Automatic Controls: Service water heating systems
shall be equipped with automatic temperature controls capable
of adjustment from the lowest to the highest acceptable
temperature settings for the intended use. Temperature
setting range shall be set to one hundred twenty degrees F or
forty-nine degrees C.
504.4 Shutdown: A separate switch shall be provided to
permit turning off the energy supplied to electric service
water heating systems. A separate valve shall be provided to
permit turning off the energy supplied to the main burner(s)
of all other types of service water heater systems.
504.5 Swimming Pools:
504.5.1: All pool heaters shall be equipped with readily
accessible ON/OFF switch to allow shutting off the operation
of the heater without adjusting the thermostat setting.
Controls shall be provided to allow the water temperature to
be regulated from the maximum design temperature down to
sixty-five degrees F.
504.5.2 Pool Covers: Heated swimming pools shall be
equipped with a pool cover, approved by the building official.
504.6 Pump Operation: Circulating hot water systems
shall be controlled so that the circulation pump(s) can be
conveniently turned off, automatically or manually, when the
hot water system is not in operation.
504.7 Pipe Insulation: Piping shall be thermally
insulated in accordance with section 503.11.
504.8 Conservation of Hot Water:
504.8.1 Showers and Lavatories: Showers and lavatories
used for other than safety reasons shall be equipped with flow
control devices or specially manufactured showerheads or
aerators to limit the total water flow rate as set forth in
chapter 51-56 WAC, as measured with both hot and cold faucets
turned on to their maximum flow.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 04-01-106, filed 12/17/03,
effective 7/1/04)
WAC 51-11-0505
Lighting.
505.1 Lighting Controls: Hotel and motel guest rooms and
guest suites shall have a master control device at the main
room entry that controls all permanently installed luminaires
and switched receptacles.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Group R-3 and R-4 Occupancy and the dwelling unit portions of Group R-1 and R-2 Occupancy.
2. Lighting exempted by Section 1512.
505.3 Outdoor Lighting: Luminaires providing outdoor
lighting and permanently mounted to a residential building or
to other buildings on the same lot shall be high efficacy
luminaires.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Permanently installed outdoor luminaires that are not high efficacy shall be allowed provided they
are controlled by a motion sensor(s) with integral photocontrol photosensor.
2. Permanently installed luminaires in or around swimming pools, water features.
505.4 Linear Fluorescent Fixtures: Linear fluorescent
fixtures must be fitted with T-8 or smaller lamps (but not
T-10 or T-12 lamps).
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 98-03-003, filed 1/8/98,
effective 7/1/98)
WAC 51-11-0525
Equation 1 -- Group R Occupancy.
align="center"
TARGET UA
UAT
=
UWAW + UBGWABGW + UVGAVG + UOGAOG + UFAF + URCARC + UCCACC + UDAD + FSPS
Where:
UAT
=
the target combined thermal transmittance of the gross exterior wall, floor and roof/ceiling
assembly area.
UW
=
the thermal transmittance value of the opaque above grade wall area found in Table 5-1.
AW
=
opaque above grade wall area.
UBGW
=
the thermal transmittance value of the below grade opaque wall area found in Table 5-1.
ABGW
=
opaque below grade wall area.
UVG
=
the thermal transmittance value of the vertical glazing area found in Table 5-1.
AVG
=
15% of the total floor area of the conditioned space minus AOG.
UOG
=
the thermal transmittance value of the overhead glazing area found in Table 5-1 (see Table
5-1 footnote 2).
AOG
=
overhead glazing area (if the proposed AOG exceeds 15 percent, the target AOG shall be 15
percent of the total floor area of the conditioned space).
UF
=
the thermal transmittance value of the floor area found in Table 5-1.
AF
=
floor area over unconditioned space.
URC
=
the thermal transmittance value of the roof/ceiling area found in Table 5-1.
ARC
=
roof/ceiling area.
UCC
=
the thermal transmittance value of the cathedral ceiling area found in Table 5-1.
ACC
=
cathedral ceiling area.
UD
=
the thermal transmittance value of the opaque door area found in Table 5-1.
AD
=
opaque door area.
FS
=
concrete slab component F-factor found in Table 5-1.
PS
=
lineal ft. of concrete slab perimeter.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 02-01-112, filed 12/18/01,
effective 7/1/02)
WAC 51-11-0530
Table 5-1.
TARGET COMPONENT VALUES FOR GROUP R
OCCUPANCY
Climate Zone
Component
1
2
Glazing % Floor Area
15%
15%
Vertical Glazing U-Factor
Overhead Glazing U-Factor
U = 0. 58
U = 0. 58
Doors
U = 0.200
U = 0.200
Ceilings
Walls1,2
Space Heat Type:Electric Resistance))U = ((
0.058))
0.05719A))21)U = 0.044
((
Other((
U = 0.0621U = 0.0621Floors
U = 0.029
U = 0.029
Slab on Grade
F = 0.54
F = 0.54
Below Grade Interior
Wall R-Value
R-19
R-19
2' Depth: Walls
U = 0.043
U = 0.043
3.5' Depth: Walls
U = 0.041
U = 0.041
7' Depth: Walls
U = 0.037
U = 0.037
Below Grade Exterior
Wall R-Value
R-10
R-12
2' Depth: Walls
U = 0.070
U = 0.061
3.5' Depth: Walls
U = 0.064
U = 0.057
7' Depth: Walls
U = 0.056
U = 0.050
1. Log and Solid Timber walls that have a minimum average thickness of 3.5" in spaces with space heating by "other fuels" are
exempt from wall target UA and proposed UA calculations.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 93-21-052, filed 10/18/93,
effective 4/1/94)
WAC 51-11-0540
Table 5-11.
TABLE 5-11
GROUP R OCCUPANCY
On roof or on
I
E a nd W
Attic, garage,
Within the
conditioned space
or in heated
basement
In cement slab
Note: Where ducts are used for both heating and cooling, the
minimum insulation shall be as required for the most
restrictive condition.
INSULATION TYPES: Minimum densities and out-of-package thickness.1
Insulation may be omitted on that portion of a duct which
is located within a wall or floor-ceiling space where
both sides of this space are exposed to conditioned air
and where this space is not ventilated or otherwise
exposed to unconditioned air.
2
Vapor ((
barriors)) barriers shall be installed on
conditioned air supply ducts in geographic areas where
the average of the July, August, and September mean
dewpoint temperature exceeds 60°F.
A.
0.5-inch 1.5 to 2 lb/cu. ft. duct liner, mineral or glass
fiber blanket or equivalent to provide an installed total
thermal resistance of at least R-2.
B.
2-inch 0.60 lb/cu. ft. mineral or glass fiber blanket
1.5-inch 1.5 to 2 lb/cu. ft. duct liner, mineral or glass
fiber blanket. 1.5-inch 3 to 7 lb/cu. ft. mineral or
glass fiber board or equivalent to provide an installed
total thermal resistance of at least R-5.
C.
3-inch 0.60 lb/cu. ft. mineral or glass fiber blanket
2-inch 1.5 to 2 lb/cu. ft. duct liner, mineral or glass
fiber blanket. 2-inch 3 to 7 lb/cu. ft. mineral or glass
fiber board or equivalent to provide an installed total
thermal resistance of at least R-7.
D.
4-inch 0.60 lb/cu. ft. mineral or glass fiber blanket
3-inch 1.5 to 2 lb/cu. ft. duct liner, mineral or glass
fiber blanket. 3-inch 3 to 7 lb/cu. ft. mineral or glass
fiber board or equivalent to provide an installed total
thermal resistance of at least R-10.
E.
3.5 inch 0.60 lb/cu. ft. mineral or glass fiber blanket,
2.5 inch 1.5 to 2 lb/cu. ft. duct liner, mineral or glass
fiberboard or equivalent to provide an installed total
thermal resistance of at least R-8.
V.
Vapor barrier, with perm rating not greater than 0.5
perm, all joints sealed.
W.
Approved weatherproof barrier.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 02-24-076, filed 12/4/02,
effective 5/1/03)
WAC 51-11-0602
Building envelope requirements for Group
R Occupancy.
602.1 Roof/Ceiling: Ceilings below vented attics and
single-rafter, joist-vaulted ceilings shall be insulated to
not less than the nominal R-value specified for ceilings in
Table 6-1 or 6-2 as applicable.
602.2 Exterior Walls Both Above and Below Grade: Above
grade exterior walls shall be insulated to not less than the
nominal R-value specified in Table 6-1 or 6-2 as applicable.
The following walls should be considered to meet R-21 without
additional documentation:
1. 2 x 6 framed and insulated with R-21 fiberglass batts.
2. 2 x 4 framed and insulated with R-15 fiberglass batts
plus R-4.0 foam sheathing.
3. 2 x 4 framed and insulated with R-13 fiberglass batts
plus R-5.0 foam sheathing.
602.3 Exterior Walls (Below Grade): Below grade exterior
walls surrounding conditioned space shall be insulated to not
less than the nominal R-value specified for below grade walls
in Table 6-1 or 6-2 as applicable.
602.4 Slab-on-grade Floors: Slab-on-grade floors shall
be insulated along their perimeter to not less than the
nominal R-values specified for slab-on-grade floors in Table
6-1 or 6-2 as applicable. Slab insulation shall be installed
in compliance with section 502.1.4.8. See Chapter 5, section
502.1.4.9, for additional requirements for radiant slab
heating.
602.5 Floors Over Unconditioned Space: Floors over
unconditioned spaces, such as vented crawl spaces,
unconditioned basements, and parking garages shall be
insulated to not less than the nominal R-value shown for
floors over unconditioned spaces, in Table 6-1 or 6-2.
602.6 Exterior Doors: Doors shall comply with Sections
602.6.1 and 602.6.2.
602.6.1 Exterior Door Area: For half-lite and full-lite
doors, the glazing area shall be included in calculating the
allowed total glazing area in Section 602.7.1. Single glazing
used for ornamental, security or architectural purposes shall
be calculated using the exception to Section 602.7.2.EXCEPTIONS:
1. Glazed doors whose area and U-factor are included in the calculations for compliance with the
requirements for glazing in section 602.7 shall be exempt from the door U-factor requirements
prescribed in Table 6-1 or 6-2.
2. One unlabeled or untested exterior swinging door with the maximum area of 24 square feet may be
installed per unit for ornamental, security or architectural purposes. Products using this exception shall
not be included in either the U-factor or glazing area calculation requirements.
602.6.2 Exterior Door U-Factor: Doors, including fire
doors, shall have a maximum area weighted average U-factor not
exceeding that prescribed in Table 6-1 or 6-2.
602.7 Glazing:
602.7.1 Glazing Area: The total glazing area as defined
in Chapter 2 shall not exceed the percentage of gross
conditioned floor area specified in Table 6-1 or 6-2. This
area shall also include any glazing in doors.
602.7.2 Glazing U-Factor: The total glazing area as
defined in Chapter 2 shall have an area weighted average
U-factor not to exceed that specified in Table 6-1 or 6-2.
U-factors for glazing shall be determined in accordance with
section 502.1.5. These areas and U-factors shall also include
any doors using the exception of section 602.6.
If the U-factors for all vertical and overhead glazing
products are below the appropriate U-factor specified, then no
calculations are required. If compliance is to be achieved
through an area weighted calculation, then the areas and
U-factors shall be included in the plans submitted with a
building permit application.
EXCEPTION:
Single glazing for ornamental, security, or architectural purposes and double glazed garden windows with
a wood or vinyl frame shall be exempt from the U-factor calculations but shall have its area tripled and
shall be included in the percentage of the total glazing area as allowed for in Table 6-1 or 6-2. The
maximum area (before tripling) allowed for the total of all single glazing and garden windows is one
percent of the floor area.
602.8 Air Leakage For Group R Occupancy: The minimum air
leakage control measures shall be as specified in section
502.4 as applicable.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 04-01-106, filed 12/17/03,
effective 7/1/04)
WAC 51-11-0625
Table 6-1.
PRESCRIPTIVE REQUIREMENTS0,1 FOR GROUP R OCCUPANCY
CLIMATE ZONE 1Option
Glazing Area10:
Glazing U-Factor
Door9
Ceiling2
Vaulted
Ceiling3
Wall12
Above
Grade
Wall•
int4
Below
Grade
Wall•
ext4
Below
Grade
Floor5
Slab6
Vertical
Overhead11
I.
((
12)) 10%((
0.35))
0.320.58
0.20
R-38
R-30
R-15
R-15
R-10
R-30
R-10
II.*
15%
((
0.40))
0.350.58
0.20
R-38
R-30
R-21
R-21
R-10
R-30
R-10
III.
25%
0.40
0.58
0.20
R-38/
R-30/
R-21/
0.060))
0.057R-15
R-10
R-30/
R-10
IV.
Unlimited
Group R-3 and
R-4 Occupancy
only
((
0.40))
0.350.58
0.20
R-38
R-30
R-21
R-21
R-10
R-30
R-10
V.
Unlimited
Group R-1 and
R-2 Occupancy
only
0.35
0.58
0.20
R-38/
R-30/
R-21/
0.060))
0.057R-15
R-10
R-30/
R-10
*
Reference Case
0.
Nominal R-values are for wood frame assemblies only or assemblies built in accordance with Section 601.1.
1.
Minimum requirements for each option listed. For example, if a proposed design has a glazing ratio to the conditioned floor
area of 13%, it shall comply with all of the requirements of the 15% glazing option (or higher). Proposed designs which
cannot meet the specific requirements of a listed option above may calculate compliance by Chapters 4 or 5 of this Code.
2.
Requirement applies to all ceilings except single rafter or joist vaulted ceilings complying with note 3. 'Adv' denotes
Advanced Framed Ceiling.
3.
Requirement applicable only to single rafter or joist vaulted ceilings where both (a) the distance between the top of the
ceiling and the underside of the roof sheathing is less than 12 inches and (b) there is a minimum 1-inch vented airspace
above the insulation. Other single rafter or joist vaulted ceilings shall comply with the "ceiling" requirements. This option
is limited to 500 square feet of ceiling area for any one dwelling unit.
4.
Below grade walls shall be insulated either on the exterior to a minimum level of R-10, or on the interior to the same level
as walls above grade. Exterior insulation installed on below grade walls shall be a water resistant material, manufactured for
its intended use, and installed according to the manufacturer's specifications. See Section 602.2.
5.
Floors over crawl spaces or exposed to ambient air conditions.
6.
Required slab perimeter insulation shall be a water resistant material, manufactured for its intended use, and installed
according to manufacturer's specifications. See Section 602.4.
7.
Int. denotes standard framing 16 inches on center with headers insulated with a minimum of R-10 insulation.
8.
This wall insulation requirement denotes R-19 wall cavity insulation plus R-5 foam sheathing.
9.
Doors, including all fire doors, shall be assigned default U-factors from Table 10-6C.
10.
Where a maximum glazing area is listed, the total glazing area (combined vertical plus overhead) as a percent of gross
conditioned floor area shall be less than or equal to that value. Overhead glazing with U-factor of U = 0.40 or less is not
included in glazing area limitations.
11.
Overhead glazing shall have U-factors determined in accordance with NFRC 100 or as specified in Section 502.1.5.
12.
Log and solid timber walls with a minimum average thickness of 3.5" are exempt from this insulation requirement.
PRESCRIPTIVE REQUIREMENTS0,1 FOR GROUP R OCCUPANCY
CLIMATE ZONE 2Option
Glazing Area10:
Glazing U-Factor
Door9
Ceiling2
Vaulted
Ceiling3
Wall12
Above
Grade
Wall•
int4
Below
Grade
Wall•
ext4
Below
Grade
Floor5
Slab6
Vertical
Overhead11
I.
((
10)) 12%((
0.40))
0.350.58
0.20
R-38
R-30
R-21 Int7
R-21
R-12
R-30
R-10
II.*
15%
((
0.40))
0.350.58
0.20
R-38
R-30
R-19
R-21
R-12
R-30
R-10
III.
17%
((
0.37))
0.320.58
0.20
R-38
R-30
R-19
R-21
R-12
R-30
R-10
IV.
25%
0.35
0.58
0.20
R-38/
R-30/
R-21 int7/
R-15
R-12
R-30/
R-10/
V.
Unlimited
0.35
0.58
0.20
R-38
R-30
((
R-21
Int7))
R-19
+R-58R-21
R-12
R-30
R-10
VI.
Unlimited
Group R-3 and
R-4
Occupancies
only
0.30
0.58
0.20
R-49 or
R-38 ADV
R-38
R-21 int7
R-21
R-12
R-30
R-10
((
VI.))
VII.Unlimited
0.32
0.58
0.20
R-38/
R-30/
R-21
R-15
R-12
R-30/
R-10/
*
Reference Case
0.
Nominal R-values are for wood frame assemblies only or assemblies built in accordance with Section 601.1.
1.
Minimum requirements for each option listed. For example, if a proposed design has a glazing ratio to the conditioned floor
area of 13%, it shall comply with all of the requirements of the 15% glazing option (or higher). Proposed designs which
cannot meet the specific requirements of a listed option above may calculate compliance by Chapters 4 or 5 of this Code.
2.
Requirement applies to all ceilings except single rafter or joist vaulted ceilings complying with note 3. 'Adv' denotes
Advanced Framed Ceiling.
3.
Requirement applicable only to single rafter or joist vaulted ceilings where both (a) the distance between the top of the
ceiling and the underside of the roof sheathing is less than 12 inches and (b) there is a minimum 1-inch vented airspace
above the insulation. Other single rafter or joist vaulted ceilings shall comply with the "ceiling" requirements. This option
is limited to 500 square feet of ceiling area for any one dwelling unit.
4.
Below grade walls shall be insulated either on the exterior to a minimum level of R-((
10)) 12, or on the interior to the same
level as walls above grade. Exterior insulation installed on below grade walls shall be a water resistant material,
manufactured for its intended use, and installed according to the manufacturer's specifications. See Section 602.2.5.
Floors over crawl spaces or exposed to ambient air conditions.
6.
Required slab perimeter insulation shall be a water resistant material, manufactured for its intended use, and installed
according to manufacturer's specifications. See Section 602.4.
7.
Int. denotes standard framing 16 inches on center with headers insulated with a minimum of R-10 insulation.
8.
This wall insulation requirement denotes R-19 wall cavity insulation plus R-5 foam sheathing.
9.
Doors, including all fire doors, shall be assigned default U-factors from Table 10-6C.
10.
Where a maximum glazing area is listed, the total glazing area (combined vertical plus overhead) as a percent of gross
conditioned floor area shall be less than or equal to that value. Overhead glazing with U-factor of U = 0.40 or less is not
included in glazing area limitations.
11.
Overhead glazing shall have U-factors determined in accordance with NFRC 100 or as specified in Section 502.1.5.
12.
Log and solid timber walls with a minimum average thickness of 3.5" are exempt from this insulation requirement.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 04-01-106, filed 12/17/03,
effective 7/1/04)
WAC 51-11-0701
Scope.
The following standards shall
apply to Chapters 1 through 20. The standards and portions
thereof, which are referred to in various parts of this Code
shall be part of the Washington State Energy Code and are
hereby declared to be a part of this Code.
REFERENCE
TITLE AND SOURCE
RS-1
((
2001)) 2005 ASHRAE Fundamentals
Handbook.RS-2
Super Good Cents Technical Reference C
Builder's Field Guide.
RS-3
(Reserved).
RS-4
ASHRAE Standard 55-((
92)) 2004 Thermal
Environmental Conditions for Human
Occupancy.RS-5
((
1998)) 2006 ASHRAE Refrigeration
Handbook.RS-6
SMACNA, Installation Standards for
Residential Heating and Air Conditioning
Systems, 6th Edition, 1988.
RS-7
SMACNA, HVAC Duct Construction
Standards, Metal and Flexible, 2nd
Edition, 1995.
RS-8
SMACNA, Fibrous Glass Duct
Construction Standards, 6th Edition,
1992.
RS-9
ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-((
2001))
2004, Energy Standard for Buildings
Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings.RS-10
((
2000)) 2004 ASHRAE Systems and
Equipment Handbook.RS-11
((
1999)) 2003 ASHRAE HVAC Systems
and Applications Handbook.RS-12
through RS-28 (Reserved).
RS-29
Nonresidential Building Design by
Systems Analysis.
RS-30
Title 10, Code of Federal Regulations
(CFR), Part 430 (March 14, 1988).
RS-31
National Fenestration Rating Council
(NFRC) Standard 100-((
2001)) 2004.RS-32
Seattle EnvStd 2006.
ANSI refers to the American National Standards Institute,
Inc., 11 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036
ARI refers to the Air Conditioning and Refrigeration
Institute, 4301 N. Fairfax Dr., Suite 425, Arlington, VA 22203
ASHRAE refers to the American Society of Heating,
Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1791
Tullie Circle, N.E., Atlanta, GA 30329
ASTM refers to the American Society for Testing and
Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA
19428-2959
CTI refers to the Cooling Tower Institute, 530 Wells
Fargo Drive, Suite 218, Houston, TX 77090
IESNA refers to the Illuminating Engineering Society of
North America, 120 Wall Street, Floor 17, New York, NY
10005-4001
NFRC refers to the National Fenestration Rating Council,
Incorporated, 8484 Georgia Avenue, Suite 320, Silver Spring,
Maryland 20910301-588-0854)) 301-589-3884, internet
www.nfrc.org
SMACNA refers to the Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning
Contractors National Association, Inc., 4201 Lafayette Center
Drive, P.O. Box 221230, Chantilly, VA 20153-1230
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 04-01-106, filed 12/17/03,
effective 7/1/04)
WAC 51-11-0900
Section 0900 -- ((Prescriptive heating
system sizing))Reserved.
((When using the prescriptive
approach in Chapter 6, if approved by the building official,
design heat load calculations are not required to show
compliance to this Code if the heating system installed is
equal to or less than the following:Climate Zone 120 Btu/h•ft2
Disclaimer: All heating systems shall be designed and installed in accordance with International Building Code Section 1204.))
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020, 19.27A.045. 04-01-106, § 51-11-0900, filed 12/17/03, effective 7/1/04. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 02-01-112, § 51-11-0900, filed 12/18/01, effective 7/1/02. Statutory Authority: Chapters 19.27 and 19.27A RCW and 1994 c 226. 95-01-126, § 51-11-0900, filed 12/21/94, effective 6/30/95. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020 and 1990 c 2. 91-01-112, § 51-11-0900, filed 12/19/90, effective 7/1/91.]
Section 1005.1 General: Table 10-5, 10-5A and 10-5B list
heat-loss coefficients for the opaque portion of above-grade
wood stud frame walls, metal stud frame walls and concrete
masonry walls (Btu/h•ft2•°F) respectively. They are derived
from procedures listed in RS-1, listed in Chapter 7. For
intermediate floor slabs which penetrate the insulated wall,
use the concrete wall U-factors in Table 10-5B.
Insulation is assumed to uniformly fill the entire cavity
and to be installed as per manufacturer's directions. All
walls are assumed to be finished on the inside with one-half
inch gypsum wallboard, and on the outside with either beveled
wood siding over one-half inch plywood sheathing or with
five-eighths inch T1-11 siding. Insulated sheathing (either
interior or exterior) is assumed to cover the entire opaque
wall surface.
1005.2 Framing Description: For wood stud frame walls,
three framing types are considered, and defined as follows:
Standard: Studs framed on sixteen inch centers with
double top plate and single bottom plate. Corners use three
studs and each opening is framed using two studs. Headers
consist of double 2X or single 4X material with an air space
left between the header and the exterior sheathing. Interior
partition wall/exterior wall intersections use two studs in
the exterior wall.
| Framing weighting factors: | Studs and plates | .19 |
| Insulated cavity | .77 | |
| Headers | .04 |
| Framing weighting factors: | Studs and plates | .18 |
| Insulated cavity | .78 | |
| Headers | .04 |
| Framing weighting factors: | Studs and plates | .13 |
| Insulated cavity | .83 | |
| Headers | .04 |
Single-Stud Wall: Assumes either 2x4 or 2x6 studs framed
on sixteen or twenty-four inch centers. Headers are solid for
2x4 walls and double 2x for 2x6 walls, with either dead-air or
rigid-board insulation in the remaining space.
Metal Stud Wall: Assumes metal studs spaced on 16 or 24
inch centers with insulation installed to fill wall cavities.
Continuous rigid board insulation is applied without creating
uninsulated voids in the wall assembly.
Strap Wall: Assumes 2x6 studs framed on sixteen or twenty-four inch centers. 2x3 or 2x4 strapping is run horizontally along the interior surface of the wall to provide additional space for insulation.
Double-Stud Wall: Assumes an exterior structural wall
and a separate interior, nonstructural wall. Insulation is
placed in both wall cavities and in the space between the 2
walls. Stud spacing is assumed to be on 24 inch centers for
both walls.
TABLE 10-5
DEFAULT U-FACTORS FOR ABOVE-GRADE WALLS
| 2 x 4 Single Wood Stud: R-11 Batt | ||||||
| Siding Material/Framing Type | ||||||
| Lapped Wood | T1-11 | |||||
| R-value of Foam Board |
STD | ADV | STD | ADV | ||
| NOTE:
R-11 at 3.5 inch thickness Installed Batt R-value: R-11 in 3.5 inch cavity |
0 | 0.088 | 0.084 | 0.094 | 0.090 | |
| 1 | 0.080 | 0.077 | 0.085 | 0.082 | ||
| 2 | 0.074 | 0.071 | 0.078 | 0.075 | ||
| 3 | 0.069 | 0.066 | 0.072 | 0.070 | ||
| 4 | 0.064 | 0.062 | 0.067 | 0.065 | ||
| 5 | 0.060 | 0.058 | 0.063 | 0.061 | ||
| 6 | 0.056 | 0.055 | 0.059 | 0.057 | ||
| 7 | 0.053 | 0.052 | 0.055 | 0.054 | ||
| 8 | 0.051 | 0.049 | 0.052 | 0.051 | ||
| 9 | 0.048 | 0.047 | 0.050 | 0.049 | ||
| 10 | 0.046 | 0.045 | 0.047 | 0.046 | ||
| 11 | 0.044 | 0.043 | 0.045 | 0.044 | ||
| 12 | 0.042 | 0.041 | 0.043 | 0.042 | ||
| 2 x 4 Single Wood Stud: R-13 Batt | ||||||
| Siding Material/Framing Type | ||||||
| Lapped Wood | T1-11 | |||||
| R-value of Foam Board |
STD | ADV | STD | ADV | ||
| NOTE:
R-13 at 3.63 inch thickness Installed Batt R-value: R-12.7 in 3.5 inch cavity |
0 | 0.082 | 0.078 | 0.088 | 0.083 | |
| 1 | 0.075 | 0.072 | 0.080 | 0.076 | ||
| 2 | 0.069 | 0.066 | 0.073 | 0.070 | ||
| 3 | 0.065 | 0.062 | 0.068 | 0.065 | ||
| 4 | 0.060 | 0.058 | 0.063 | 0.061 | ||
| 5 | 0.057 | 0.055 | 0.059 | 0.057 | ||
| 6 | 0.053 | 0.052 | 0.056 | 0.054 | ||
| 7 | 0.051 | 0.049 | 0.052 | 0.051 | ||
| 8 | 0.048 | 0.047 | 0.050 | 0.048 | ||
| 9 | 0.046 | 0.045 | 0.047 | 0.046 | ||
| 10 | 0.044 | 0.043 | 0.045 | 0.044 | ||
| 11 | 0.042 | 0.041 | 0.043 | 0.042 | ||
| 12 | 0.040 | 0.039 | 0.041 | 0.040 | ||
| 2 x 4 Single Wood Stud: R-15 Batt | ||||||
| Siding Material/Framing Type | ||||||
| Lapped Wood | T1-11 | |||||
| R-value of Foam Board |
STD | ADV | STD | ADV | ||
| NOTE: Nominal Batt R-value: R-15 at 3.5 inch thickness Installed Batt R-value: R-15 in 3.5 inch cavity |
0 | 0.076 | 0.071 | 0.081 | 0.075 | |
| 1 | 0.069 | 0.065 | 0.073 | 0.069 | ||
| 2 | 0.064 | 0.061 | 0.068 | 0.069 | ||
| 3 | 0.060 | 0.057 | 0.063 | 0.059 | ||
| 4 | 0.056 | 0.053 | 0.059 | 0.056 | ||
| 5 | 0.053 | 0.051 | 0.055 | 0.052 | ||
| 6 | 0.050 | 0.048 | 0.052 | 0.050 | ||
| 7 | 0.047 | 0.046 | 0.049 | 0.047 | ||
| 8 | 0.045 | 0.044 | 0.047 | 0.045 | ||
| 9 | 0.043 | 0.042 | 0.044 | 0.043 | ||
| 10 | 0.041 | 0.040 | 0.042 | 0.041 | ||
| 11 | 0.039 | 0.038 | 0.041 | 0.039 | ||
| 12 | 0.038 | 0.037 | 0.039 | 0.038 | ||
| 2 x 6 Single Wood Stud: R-19 Batt | ||||||||
| Siding Material/Framing Type | ||||||||
| Lapped Wood | T1-11 | |||||||
| R-value of Foam Board |
STD | INT | ADV | STD | INT | ADV | ||
| NOTE: Nominal Batt R-value: R-19 at 6 inch thickness Installed Batt R-value: R-18 in 5.5 inch cavity |
0 | 0.062 | 0.058 | 0.055 | 0.065 | 0.061 | 0.058 | |
| 1 | 0.058 | 0.055 | 0.052 | 0.060 | 0.057 | 0.055 | ||
| 2 | 0.054 | 0.052 | 0.050 | 0.056 | 0.054 | 0.051 | ||
| 3 | 0.051 | 0.049 | 0.047 | 0.053 | 0.051 | 0.049 | ||
| 4 | 0.048 | 0.046 | 0.045 | 0.050 | 0.048 | 0.046 | ||
| 5 | 0.046 | 0.044 | 0.043 | 0.048 | 0.046 | 0.044 | ||
| 6 | 0.044 | 0.042 | 0.041 | 0.045 | 0.044 | 0.042 | ||
| 7 | 0.042 | 0.040 | 0.039 | 0.043 | 0.042 | 0.040 | ||
| 8 | 0.040 | 0.039 | 0.038 | 0.041 | 0.040 | 0.039 | ||
| 9 | 0.038 | 0.037 | 0.035 | 0.039 | 0.038 | 0.037 | ||
| 10 | 0.037 | 0.036 | 0.035 | 0.038 | 0.037 | 0.036 | ||
| 11 | 0.036 | 0.035 | 0.034 | 0.036 | 0.035 | 0.035 | ||
| 12 | 0.034 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.035 | 0.034 | 0.033 | ||
| 2 x 6 Single Wood Stud: R-21 Batt | ||||||||
| Siding Material/Framing Type | ||||||||
| Lapped Wood | T1-11 | |||||||
| R-value of Foam Board |
STD | INT | ADV | STD | INT | ADV | ||
| NOTE: Nominal Batt R-value: R-21 at 5.5 inch thickness Installed Batt R-value: R-21 in 5.5 inch cavity |
0 | 0.057 | 0.054 | 0.051 | 0.060 | 0.056 | 0.053 | |
| 1 | 0.054 | 0.051 | 0.048 | 0.056 | 0.053 | 0.050 | ||
| 2 | 0.050 | 0.048 | 0.045 | 0.052 | 0.050 | 0.047 | ||
| 3 | 0.048 | 0.045 | 0.043 | 0.049 | 0.047 | 0.045 | ||
| 4 | 0.045 | 0.043 | 0.041 | 0.047 | 0.045 | 0.043 | ||
| 5 | 0.043 | 0.041 | 0.040 | 0.044 | 0.042 | 0.041 | ||
| 6 | 0.041 | 0.039 | 0.038 | 0.042 | 0.041 | 0.039 | ||
| 7 | 0.039 | 0.038 | 0.036 | 0.040 | 0.039 | 0.037 | ||
| 8 | 0.038 | 0.036 | 0.035 | 0.039 | 0.037 | 0.036 | ||
| 9 | 0.036 | 0.035 | 0.034 | 0.037 | 0.036 | 0.035 | ||
| 10 | 0.035 | 0.034 | 0.033 | 0.036 | 0.035 | 0.033 | ||
| 11 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.032 | 0.034 | 0.033 | 0.032 | ||
| 12 | 0.032 | 0.031 | 0.031 | 0.033 | 0.032 | 0.031 | ||
| 2 x 6 Single Wood Stud: R-22 Batt | ||||||||
| Siding Material/Framing Type | ||||||||
| Lapped Wood | T1-11 | |||||||
| R-value of Foam Board |
STD | INT | ADV | STD | INT | ADV | ||
| NOTE: Nominal Batt R-value: R-22 at 6.75 inch thickness Installed Batt R-value: R-20 in 5.5 inch cavity |
0 | 0.059 | 0.055 | 0.052 | 0.062 | 0.058 | 0.054 | |
| 1 | 0.055 | 0.052 | 0.049 | 0.057 | 0.054 | 0.051 | ||
| 2 | 0.052 | 0.049 | 0.047 | 0.054 | 0.051 | 0.048 | ||
| 3 | 0.049 | 0.046 | 0.044 | 0.050 | 0.048 | 0.046 | ||
| 4 | 0.046 | 0.044 | 0.042 | 0.048 | 0.046 | 0.044 | ||
| 5 | 0.044 | 0.042 | 0.041 | 0.045 | 0.043 | 0.042 | ||
| 6 | 0.042 | 0.040 | 0.039 | 0.043 | 0.042 | 0.040 | ||
| 7 | 0.040 | 0.039 | 0.037 | 0.041 | 0.040 | 0.038 | ||
| 8 | 0.038 | 0.037 | 0.036 | 0.039 | 0.038 | 0.037 | ||
| 9 | 0.037 | 0.036 | 0.035 | 0.038 | 0.037 | 0.035 | ||
| 10 | 0.035 | 0.034 | 0.033 | 0.036 | 0.035 | 0.034 | ||
| 11 | 0.034 | 0.033 | 0.032 | 0.035 | 0.034 | 0.033 | ||
| 12 | 0.033 | 0.032 | 0.031 | 0.034 | 0.033 | 0.032 | ||
| 2 x 6 Single Wood Stud: Two R-11 Batts | ||||||||
| Siding Material/Framing Type | ||||||||
| Lapped Wood | T1-11 | |||||||
| R-value of Foam Board |
STD | INT | ADV | STD | INT | ADV | ||
| NOTE:
R-22 at 7 inch thickness Installed Batt R-value: R-18.9 in 5.5 inch cavity |
0 | 0.060 | 0.057 | 0.054 | 0.063 | 0.059 | 0.056 | |
| 1 | 0.056 | 0.053 | 0.051 | 0.059 | 0.056 | 0.053 | ||
| 2 | 0.053 | 0.050 | 0.048 | 0.055 | 0.052 | 0.050 | ||
| 3 | 0.050 | 0.048 | 0.046 | 0.052 | 0.049 | 0.047 | ||
| 4 | 0.047 | 0.045 | 0.044 | 0.049 | 0.047 | 0.045 | ||
| 5 | 0.045 | 0.043 | 0.042 | 0.046 | 0.045 | 0.043 | ||
| 6 | 0.043 | 0.041 | 0.040 | 0.044 | 0.043 | 0.041 | ||
| 7 | 0.041 | 0.040 | 0.038 | 0.042 | 0.041 | 0.039 | ||
| 8 | 0.039 | 0.038 | 0.037 | 0.040 | 0.039 | 0.038 | ||
| 9 | 0.038 | 0.037 | 0.036 | 0.039 | 0.038 | 0.036 | ||
| 10 | 0.036 | 0.035 | 0.034 | 0.037 | 0.036 | 0.035 | ||
| 11 | 0.035 | 0.034 | 0.033 | 0.036 | 0.035 | 0.034 | ||
| 12 | 0.034 | 0.033 | 0.032 | 0.034 | 0.034 | 0.033 | ||
| 2 x 8 Single Stud: R-25 Batt | ||||||||
| Siding Material/Framing Type | ||||||||
| Lapped Wood | T1-11 | |||||||
| R-value of Foam Board |
STD | INT | ADV | STD | INT | ADV | ||
| NOTE:
R-25 at 8 inch thickness Installed Batt R-value: R-23.6 in 7.25 inch cavity |
0 | 0.051 | 0.047 | 0.045 | 0.053 | 0.049 | 0.046 | |
| 1 | 0.048 | 0.045 | 0.043 | 0.049 | 0.046 | 0.044 | ||
| 2 | 0.045 | 0.043 | 0.041 | 0.047 | 0.044 | 0.042 | ||
| 3 | 0.043 | 0.041 | 0.039 | 0.044 | 0.042 | 0.040 | ||
| 4 | 0.041 | 0.039 | 0.037 | 0.042 | 0.040 | 0.038 | ||
| 5 | 0.039 | 0.037 | 0.036 | 0.040 | 0.038 | 0.037 | ||
| 6 | 0.037 | 0.036 | 0.035 | 0.038 | 0.037 | 0.036 | ||
| 7 | 0.036 | 0.035 | 0.033 | 0.037 | 0.035 | 0.034 | ||
| 8 | 0.035 | 0.033 | 0.032 | 0.035 | 0.034 | 0.033 | ||
| 9 | 0.033 | 0.032 | 0.031 | 0.034 | 0.033 | 0.032 | ||
| 10 | 0.032 | 0.031 | 0.030 | 0.033 | 0.032 | 0.031 | ||
| 11 | 0.031 | 0.030 | 0.029 | 0.032 | 0.031 | 0.030 | ||
| 12 | 0.030 | 0.029 | 0.028 | 0.031 | 0.030 | 0.029 | ||
| 2 x 6: Strap Wall | ||||
| Siding Material/Frame Type | ||||
| Lapped Wood | T1-11 | |||
| STD | ADV | STD | ADV | |
| R-19 + R-11 Batts | 0.036 | 0.035 | 0.038 | 0.036 |
| R-19 + R-8 Batts | 0.041 | 0.039 | 0.042 | 0.040 |
| Siding Material/Frame Type | ||||||
| Batt Configuration | Lapped Wood | T1-11 | ||||
| Exterior | Middle | Interior | STD | ADV | STD | ADV |
| R-19 | ------- | R-11 | 0.040 | 0.037 | 0.041 | 0.038 |
| R-19 | ------- | R-19 | 0.034 | 0.031 | 0.035 | 0.032 |
| R-19 | R-8 | R-11 | 0.029 | 0.028 | 0.031 | 0.029 |
| R-19 | R-11 | R-11 | 0.027 | 0.026 | 0.028 | 0.027 |
| R-19 | R-11 | R-19 | 0.024 | 0.023 | 0.025 | 0.023 |
| R-19 | R-19 | R-19 | 0.021 | 0.020 | 0.021 | 0.020 |
| 2 x 4 + 2 x 4: Double Wood Stud | ||||||
| Siding Material/Frame Type | ||||||
| Batt Configuration | Lapped Wood | T1-11 | ||||
| Exterior | Middle | Interior | STD | ADV | STD | ADV |
| R-11 | -------- | R-11 | 0.050 | 0.046 | 0.052 | 0.048 |
| R-19 | -------- | R-11 | 0.039 | 0.037 | 0.043 | 0.039 |
| R-11 | R-8 | R-11 | 0.037 | 0.035 | 0.036 | 0.036 |
| R-11 | R-11 | R-11 | 0.032 | 0.031 | 0.033 | 0.032 |
| R-13 | R-13 | R-13 | 0.029 | 0.028 | 0.029 | 0.028 |
| R-11 | R-19 | R-11 | 0.026 | 0.026 | 0.027 | 0.026 |
Log Walls |
|||
| Average Log Diameter, Inches |
U-factor | ||
| NOTE: | |||
R-value of wood: R-1.25 per inch thickness Average wall thickness 90% average log diameter |
6 | 0.148 | |
| 8 | 0.111 | ||
| 10 | 0.089 | ||
| 12 | 0.074 | ||
| 14 | 0.063 | ||
| 16 | 0.056 | ||
Stress Skin Panel |
|||
| Panel Thickness, Inches |
U-factor | ||
| NOTE: | |||
| R-value of expanded
polystyrene: R-3.85 per
inch Framing: 6% Spline: 8% |
3 1/2 | 0.071 | |
| 5 1/2 | 0.048 | ||
| 7 1/4 | 0.037 | ||
| 9 1/4 | 0.030 | ||
| 11 1/4 | 0.025 | ||
| No thermal bridging between interior and exterior splines | |||
Metal Stud Walls: The nominal R-values in Table 10-5A
may be used for purposes of calculating metal stud wall
section U-factors in lieu of the ASHRAE zone calculation
method as provided in Chapter 25 of Standard RS-1.
TABLE 10-5A
Default U-factors for Overall Assembly Metal Stud Walls, Effective R-values for Metal Framing and Cavity Only,
and Default Metal Building U-factors
OVERALL ASSEMBLY U-FACTORS FOR METAL STUD WALLS
| (( |
|||||||
| (( |
|||||||
16" o.c. |
R-0 (none) |
U-0.14 |
U-0.13 |
U-0.12 |
U-0.10 |
U-0.097 |
U-0.091 |
24" o.c |
R-0 (none) |
U-0.13 |
U-0.12 |
U-0.11 |
U-0.091 |
U-0.085 |
U-0.079 |
| R-Value of | |||||||
| Continuous | Cavity Insulation | ||||||
| Metal | Foam Board | ||||||
| Framing | Insulation | R-0 | R-11 | R-13 | R-15 | R-19 | R-21 |
16" o.c. |
R-0 (none) |
U-0.352 |
U-0.132 |
U-0.124 |
U-0.118 |
U-0.109 |
U-0.106 |
| R-1 | U-0.260 | U-0.117 | U-0.111 | U-0.106 | U-0.099 | U-0.096 | |
| R-2 | U-0.207 | U-0.105 | U-0.100 | U-0.096 | U-0.090 | U-0.087 | |
| R-3 | U-0.171 | U-0.095 | U-0.091 | U-0.087 | U-0.082 | U-0.080 | |
| R-4 | U-0.146 | U-0.087 | U-0.083 | U-0.080 | U-0.076 | U-0.074 | |
| R-5 | U-0.128 | U-0.080 | U-0.077 | U-0.074 | U-0.071 | U-0.069 | |
| R-6 | U-0.113 | U-0.074 | U-0.071 | U-0.069 | U-0.066 | U-0.065 | |
| R-7 | U-0.102 | U-0.069 | U-0.066 | U-0.065 | U-0.062 | U-0.061 | |
| R-8 | U-0.092 | U-0.064 | U-0.062 | U-0.061 | U-0.058 | U-0.057 | |
| R-9 | U-0.084 | U-0.060 | U-0.059 | U-0.057 | U-0.055 | U-0.054 | |
| R-10 | U-0.078 | U-0.057 | U-0.055 | U-0.054 | U-0.052 | U-0.051 | |
24" o.c |
R-0 (none) |
U-0.338 |
U-0.116 |
U-0.108 |
U-0.102 |
U-0.094 |
U-0.090 |
| R-1 | U-0.253 | U-0.104 | U-0.098 | U-0.092 | U-0.086 | U-0.083 | |
| R-2 | U-0.202 | U-0.094 | U-0.089 | U-0.084 | U-0.079 | U-0.077 | |
| R-3 | U-0.168 | U-0.086 | U-0.082 | U-0.078 | U-0.073 | U-0.071 | |
| R-4 | U-0.144 | U-0.079 | U-0.075 | U-0.072 | U-0.068 | U-0.066 | |
| R-5 | U-0.126 | U-0.073 | U-0.070 | U-0.067 | U-0.064 | U-0.062 | |
| R-6 | U-0.112 | U-0.068 | U-0.066 | U-0.063 | U-0.060 | U-0.059 | |
| R-7 | U-0.100 | U-0.064 | U-0.062 | U-0.059 | U-0.057 | U-0.055 | |
| R-8 | U-0.091 | U-0.060 | U-0.058 | U-0.056 | U-0.054 | U-0.052 | |
| R-9 | U-0.084 | U-0.057 | U-0.055 | U-0.053 | U-0.051 | U-0.050 | |
| R-10 | U-0.077 | U-0.054 | U-0.052 | U-0.050 | U-0.048 | U-0.048 |
EFFECTIVE R-VALUES FOR METAL FRAMING AND CAVITY ONLY
| Cavity | Insulation | ||||
| Nominal Depth, Inches |
Actual Depth, Inches |
Nominal R-Value |
Effective R-Value | ||
| 16" O.C. | 24" O.C. | ||||
| Air Cavity | any | any | R-0.91 (air) | 0.79 | 0.91 |
| 4 | 3-1/2 | R-11 | 5.5 | 6.6 | |
| 4 | 3-1/2 | R-13 | 6.0 | 7.2 | |
| Wall | 4 | 3-1/2 | R-15 | 6.4 | 7.8 |
| 6 | 5-1/2 | R-19 | 7.1 | 8.6 | |
| 6 | 5-1/2 | R-21 | 7.4 | 9.0 | |
| 8 | 7-1/4 | R-25 | 7.8 | 9.6 | |
| Roof | Insulation is uncompressed | R-11 | 5.5 | 6.1 | |
| R-19 | 7.0 | 9.1 | |||
| R-30 | 9.3 | 11.4 | |||
DEFAULT METAL BUILDING U-FACTORS
| R-10 | R-11 | R-13 | R-19 | R-24 | R-30 | |
| Faced fiber glass blanket insulation rolled over and perpendicular to structural frame. Metal covering sheets fastened to the frame, holding insulation in place. | 0.133 | 0.127 | 0.114 | 0.091 | na | na |
| Faced fiber glass batt insulation suspended between structural frame. Metal covering sheets fastened directly to frame. | 0.131 | 0.123 | 0.107 | 0.079 | 0.065 | 0.057 |
| Faced fiber glass blanket insulation rolled over and perpendicular to structural frame. Rigid insulation blocks placed over insulation to align with structural frame. | 0.102 | 0.096 | 0.084 | 0.065 | na | na |
| Faced fiber glass batt insulation suspended between structural frame. Rigid insulation blocks placed over insulation to align with structural frame. | 0.099 | 0.093 | 0.080 | 0.059 | 0.048 | 0.041 |
TABLE 10-5B
Default U-Factors for Concrete and Masonry Walls
| 8" CONCRETE MASONRY | ||||
| WALL DESCRIPTION | CORE TREATMENT | |||
| Partial Grout with Ungrouted Cores | Solid Grout | |||
| Empty | Loose-fill insulated | |||
| Perlite | Vermiculite | |||
| Exposed Block, Both Sides | 0.40 | 0.23 | 0.24 | 0.43 |
| R-5 Interior Insulation, Wood Furring | 0.14 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.15 |
| R-6 Interior Insulation, Wood Furring | 0.14 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.14 |
| R-10.5 Interior Insulation, Wood Furring | 0.11 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.11 |
| R-8 Interior Insulation, Metal Clips | 0.11 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.11 |
| R-6 Exterior Insulation | 0.12 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.12 |
| R-10 Exterior Insulation | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.08 |
| R-9.5 Rigid Polystyrene Integral Insulation, Two Webbed Block | 0.11 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.12 |
| 12" CONCRETE MASONRY | ||||
| CORE TREATMENT | ||||
| Partial Grout with Ungrouted Cores | Solid Grout | |||
| Empty | Loose-fill insulated | |||
| Perlite | Vermiculite | |||
| Exposed Block, Both Sides | 0.35 | 0.17 | 0.18 | 0.33 |
| R-5 Interior Insulation, Wood Furring | 0.14 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.13 |
| R-6 Interior Insulation, Wood Furring | 0.13 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.13 |
| R-10.5 Interior Insulation, Wood Furring | 0.11 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.10 |
| R-8 Interior Insulation, Metal Clips | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.09 |
| R-6 Exterior Insulation | 0.11 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.11 |
| R-10 Exterior Insulation | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.08 |
| R-9.5 Rigid Polystyrene Integral Insulation, Two Webbed Block | 0.11 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.12 |
| 8" CLAY BRICK | ||||
| WALL DESCRIPTION | CORE TREATMENT | |||
| Partial Grout with Ungrouted Cores | Solid Grout | |||
| Empty | Loose-fill insulated | |||
| Perlite | Vermiculite | |||
| Exposed Block, Both Sides | 0.50 | 0.31 | 0.32 | 0.56 |
| R-5 Interior Insulation, Wood Furring | 0.15 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.16 |
| R-6 Interior Insulation, Wood Furring | 0.15 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.15 |
| R-10.5 Interior Insulation, Wood Furring | 0.12 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.12 |
| R-8 Interior Insulation, Metal Clips | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.11 |
| R-6 Exterior Insulation | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.13 |
| R-10 Exterior Insulation | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.09 |
| 6" CONCRETE POURED OR PRECAST | ||||
| WALL DESCRIPTION | CORE TREATMENT | |||
| Partial Grout with Ungrouted Cores | Solid Grout | |||
| Empty | Loose-fill insulated | |||
| Perlite | Vermiculite | |||
| Exposed Concrete, Both Sides | NA | NA | NA | 0.61 |
| R-5 Interior Insulation, Wood Furring | NA | NA | NA | 0.16 |
| R-6 Interior Insulation, Wood Furring | NA | NA | NA | 0.15 |
| R-10.5 Interior Insulation, Wood Furring | NA | NA | NA | 0.12 |
| R-8 Interior Insulation, Metal Clips | NA | NA | NA | 0.12 |
| R-6 Exterior Insulation | NA | NA | NA | 0.13 |
| R-10 Exterior Insulation | NA | NA | NA | 0.09 |
Peripheral Edges of Intermediate Concrete Floors
| AVERAGE THICKNESS OF WALL ABOVE AND BELOW | ||||
| SLAB EDGE TREATMENT | 6 inches | 8 inches | 10 inches | 12 inches |
| Exposed Concrete | 0.816 | 0.741 | 0.678 | 0.625 |
| R-5 Exterior Insulation | 0.161 | 0.157 | 0.154 | 0.152 |
| R-6 Exterior Insulation | 0.138 | 0.136 | 0.134 | 0.132 |
| R-7 Exterior Insulation | 0.122 | 0.120 | 0.118 | 0.116 |
| R-8 Exterior Insulation | 0.108 | 0.107 | 0.106 | 0.104 |
| R-9 Exterior Insulation | 0.098 | 0.097 | 0.095 | 0.094 |
| R-10 Exterior Insulation | 0.089 | 0.088 | 0.087 | 0.086 |
| Notes for Default Table 10-5B |
| 1. | Grouted cores at 40" x 48" on center vertically and horizontally in partial grouted walls. |
| 2. | Interior insulation values include 1/2" gypsum board on the inner surface. |
| 3. | Furring and stud spacing is 16" on center. Insulation is assumed to fill furring space and is not compressed. |
| 4. | Intermediate values may be interpolated using this table. Values not contained in this table may be computed using the procedures listed in Standard RS-1. |
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020, 19.27A.045. 04-01-106, § 51-11-1005, filed 12/17/03, effective 7/1/04. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 01-03-010, § 51-11-1005, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01; 98-03-003, § 51-11-1005, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020 and 1990 c 2. 91-01-112, § 51-11-1005, filed 12/19/90, effective 7/1/91.]
1006.1 Glazing and Doors without NFRC Certification:
Glazing and doors that do not have NFRC certification shall be
assigned the following U-factors:
TABLE 10-6
Other than Group R Occupancy: DEFAULT U-FACTORS
FOR VERTICAL GLAZING, OVERHEAD GLAZING AND
OPAQUE DOORS
| Vertical Glazing | |||
| U-Factor | |||
| Any Frame | Aluminum W/Thermal Break | Vinyl/Wood Frame |
|
| Single | 1.45 | 1.45 | 1.45 |
| Double | 0.90 | 0.85 | 0.75 |
| 1/2 Inch Air, Fixed | 0.75 | 0.70 | 0.60 |
| 1/2 Inch Air, Low-e(0.40), Fixed |
0.60 | 0.55 | 0.50 |
| 1/2 Inch Air, Low-e(0.10), Fixed | 0.55 | 0.50 | 0.45 |
| 1/2 Inch
Argon, Low-e(0.10), Fixed |
0.50 | 0.45 | 0.40 |
| Overhead Glazing: Sloped Glazing (Including Frame) | |||
| U-Factor | |||
| Any Frame | Aluminum W/Thermal Break | Vinyl/Wood Frame |
|
| Single | 1.74 | 1.74 | 1.74 |
| Double | 1.08 | 1.02 | 0.90 |
| 1/2 Inch Air, Fixed | 0.90 | 0.84 | 0.72 |
| 1/2 Inch Air, Low-e(0.40), Fixed | 0.72 | 0.66 | 0.60 |
| 1/2 Inch Air, Low-e(0.10), Fixed | 0.66 | 0.60 | 0.54 |
| 1/2 Inch Argon, Low-e(0.10), Fixed | 0.60 | 0.54 | 0.48 |
| Opaque Doors | |
| U-Factor | |
| Uninsulated Metal | 1.20 |
| Insulated Metal (Including Fire Door and Smoke Vent) | 0.60 |
| Wood | 0.50 |
Where a gap width is listed (i.e.: 1/2 inch), that is the minimum allowed.
Where a low-emissivity emittance is listed (i.e.: 0.40, 0.20, 0.10), that is the maximum allowed.
Where a gas other than air is listed (i.e.: Argon), the gas fill shall be a minimum of 90%.
Where an operator type is listed (i.e.: Fixed), the default is only allowed for that operator type. Where a frame type is listed (i.e.: Wood/vinyl), the default is only allowed for that frame type. Wood/vinyl frame includes reinforced vinyl and aluminum-clad wood.
| Description1,2,3,4 | Frame Type5,6 | ||||
| Aluminum | Aluminum Thermal Break7 |
Wood/Vinyl | |||
| Windows | Single | 1.20 | 1.20 | 1.20 | |
| Double, < 1/2" | Clear | 0.92 | 0.75 | 0.63 | |
| Clear + Argon | 0.87 | 0.71 | 0.60 | ||
| Low-e | 0.85 | 0.69 | 0.58 | ||
| Low-e + Argon | 0.79 | 0.62 | 0.53 | ||
| Double, > 1/2" | Clear | 0.86 | 0.69 | 0.58 | |
| Clear + Argon | 0.83 | 0.67 | 0.55 | ||
| Low-e | 0.78 | 0.61 | 0.51 | ||
| Low-e + Argon | 0.75 | 0.58 | 0.48 | ||
| Triple, | Clear | 0.70 | 0.53 | 0.43 | |
| Clear + Argon | 0.69 | 0.52 | 0.41 | ||
| Low-e | 0.67 | 0.49 | 0.40 | ||
| Low-e + Argon | 0.63 | 0.47 | 0.37 | ||
| Garden | Single | 2.60 | n.a. | 2.31 | |
| Windows | Double | Clear | 1.81 | n.a. | 1.61 |
| Clear + Argon | 1.76 | n.a. | 1.56 | ||
| Low-e | 1.73 | n.a. | 1.54 | ||
| Low-e + Argon | 1.64 | n.a. | 1.47 | ||
| 1 | <1/2" = a minimum dead air space of less than 0.5 inches between the panes of glass. | |
| > 1/2" = a minimum dead air space of 0.5 inches or greater between the panes of glass. | ||
| Where no gap width is listed, the minimum gap width is 1/4". | ||
| 2 | Any low-e (emissivity) coating (0.1, 0.2 or 0.4). | |
| 3 | U-factors listed for argon shall consist of sealed, gas-filled insulated units for argon, C02, SF6, argon/SF6 mixtures and Krypton. | |
| 4 | "Glass block” assemblies may use a U-factor of 0.51. | |
| 5 | Insulated fiberglass framed products shall use wood/vinyl U-factors. | |
| 6 | Aluminum clad wood windows shall use the U-factors listed for wood/vinyl windows. | |
| 7 | Aluminum Thermal Break = An aluminum thermal break framed window shall incorporate the following minimum design characteristics: | |
| a) | The thermal conductivity of the thermal break material shall be not more than 3.6 Btu-in/h/ft2/°F; | |
| b) | The thermal break material must produces a gap in the frame material of not less than 0.210 inches; and, | |
| c) | All metal framing members of the products exposed to interior and exterior air shall incorporate a thermal break meeting the criteria in a) and b) above. | |
| FRAME TYPE7,8 | ||||
| DESCRIPTION2,3,4,6 | ALUMINUM | ALUM. THERMAL BREAK9 |
WOOD/VINYL | ALUM. CLAD WOOD/REINFORCED VINYL10 |
| Double, Clear 1/4" | 0.82 | 0.66 | 0.56 | 0.59 |
| Double, Clear 1/4" + argon | 0.77 | 0.63 | 0.53 | 0.56 |
| Double, Low-e4 1/4" | 0.76 | 0.61 | 0.52 | 0.54 |
| Double, Low-e2 1/4" | 0.73 | 0.58 | 0.49 | 0.51 |
| Double, Low-e1 1/4" | 0.70 | 0.55 | 0.47 | 0.49 |
| Double, Low-e4 1/4" + argon | 0.70 | 0.55 | 0.47 | 0.49 |
| Double, Low-e2 1/4" + argon | 0.66 | 0.52 | 0.43 | 0.46 |
| Double, Low-e1 1/4" + argon | 0.64 | 0.50 | 0.41 | 0.43 |
| Double, Clear 3/8" | 0.78 | 0.63 | 0.54 | 0.57 |
| Double, Clear 3/8" + argon | 0.75 | 0.60 | 0.51 | 0.54 |
| Double, Low-e4 3/8" | 0.72 | 0.57 | 0.48 | 0.51 |
| Double, Low-e2 3/8" | 0.69 | 0.54 | 0.45 | 0.48 |
| Double, Low-e1 3/8" | 0.66 | 0.51 | 0.43 | 0.46 |
| Double, Low-e4 3/8" + argon | 0.68 | 0.53 | 0.44 | 0.47 |
| Double, Low-e2 3/8" + argon | 0.63 | 0.49 | 0.41 | 0.44 |
| Double, Low-e1 3/8" + argon | 0.61 | 0.47 | (( |
0.41 |
| Double, Clear 1/2" | 0.75 | 0.60 | 0.50 | 0.54 |
| Double, Clear 1/2" + argon | 0.72 | 0.58 | 0.48 | 0.51 |
| Double, Low-e4 1/2" | 0.68 | 0.53 | 0.44 | 0.47 |
| Double, Low-e2 1/2" | 0.64 | 0.50 | 0.40 | 0.44 |
| Double, Low-e1 1/2" | 0.61 | 0.47 | 0.355 | 0.42 |
| Double, Low-e4 1/2" + argon | 0.65 | 0.50 | 0.42 | 0.44 |
| Double, Low-e2 1/2" + argon | 0.60 | 0.46 | 0.37 | 0.40 |
| Double, Low-e1 1/2" + argon | 0.58 | 0.43 | (( |
0.38 |
| Triple, Clear 1/4" | 0.66 | 0.52 | 0.42 | 0.44 |
| Triple, Clear 1/4" + argon | 0.63 | 0.49 | 0.39 | 0.42 |
| Triple, Low-e4 1/4" | 0.64 | 0.50 | 0.40 | 0.40 |
| Triple, Low-e2 1/4" | 0.62 | 0.48 | 0.39 | 0.41 |
| Triple, Low-e1 1/4" | 0.61 | 0.47 | 0.38 | 0.40 |
| Triple, Low-e4 1/4" + argon | 0.60 | 0.46 | 0.37 | 0.39 |
| Triple, Low-e2 1/4" + argon | 0.58 | 0.43 | 0.34 | 0.37 |
| Triple, Low-el 1/4" + argon | 0.57 | 0.42 | 0.34 | 0.36 |
| Triple, Clear 1/2" | 0.61 | 0.46 | 0.37 | 0.40 |
| Triple, Clear 1/2" + argon | 0.59 | 0.45 | 0.36 | 0.38 |
| Triple, Low-e4 1/2" | 0.58 | 0.43 | 0.35 | 0.37 |
| Triple, Low-e2 1/2" | 0.55 | 0.41 | 0.32 | 0.35 |
| Triple, Low-e1 1/2" | 0.54 | 0.39 | 0.31 | 0.33 |
| Triple, Low-e4 1/2" + argon | 0.55 | 0.41 | 0.32 | 0.35 |
| Triple, Low-e2 1/2" + argon | 0.52 | 0.38 | 0.30 | 0.32 |
| Triple, Low-e1 1/2" + argon | 0.51 | 0.37 | 0.29 | 0.31 |
Footnotes to Table 10-6B
| 1 | Subtract 0.02 from the listed default U-factor for nonaluminum spacer. Acceptable spacer materials may
include but is not limited to fiberglass, wood and butyl or other material with an equivalent thermal
performance. |
| 2 | 1/4" = a minimum dead air space of 0.25 inches between the panes of glass. 3/8" = a minimum dead air space of 0.375 inches between the panes of glass. 1/2" = a minimum dead air space of 0.5 inches between the panes of glass. Product with air spaces different than those listed above shall use the value for the next smaller air space;
i.e. 3/4 inch = 1/2 inch U-factors, 7/16 inch = 3/8 inch U-factors, 5/16 inch = 1/4 inch U-factors. |
| 3 | Low-e4 (emissivity) shall be 0.4 or less. Low-e2 (emissivity) shall be 0.2 or less. Low-e1 (emissivity) shall be 0.1 or less. |
| 4 | U-factors listed for argon shall consist of sealed, gas-filled insulated units for argon, CO2, SF6, and
argon/SF6 mixtures. The following conversion factor shall apply to Krypton gas-filled units: 1/4" or
greater with krypton is equivalent to 1/2" argon. |
| 5 | (( |
| 6 | "Glass block” assemblies may use a U-factor of 0.51. |
| 7 | Insulated fiberglass framed products shall use wood/vinyl U-factors. |
| 8 | Subtract 0.02 from the listed default values for solariums. |
| 9 | Aluminum Thermal Break = An aluminum thermal break framed window shall incorporate the following
minimum design characteristics: |
| a) | The thermal conductivity of the thermal break material shall be not more than 3.6 Btu-in/h/ft2/F°; |
| b) | The thermal break material must produce a gap in the frame material of not less than 0.210 inches; and, |
| c) | All metal framing members of the products exposed to interior and exterior air shall incorporate a thermal break meeting the criteria in a) and b) above. |
| 10 | Aluminum clad wood windows shall use the U-factors listed for Aluminum Clad Wood/Reinforced Vinyl windows. Vinyl clad wood window shall use the U-factors listed for Wood/Vinyl windows. Any vinyl frame window with metal reinforcement in more than one rail shall use the U-factors listed for Aluminum Clad Wood/Reinforced Vinyl window. |
TABLE 10-6C
Group R Occupancy: DEFAULT U-FACTORS FOR DOORS
| Door Type | No Glazing |
Single Glazing |
Double Glazing with 1/4 in. Airspace |
Double Glazing with 1/2 in. Airspace |
Double Glazing with e = 0.10, 1/2 in. Argon |
| SWINGING DOORS (Rough opening - 38 in. x 82 in.) | |||||
| Slab Doors | |||||
| Wood slab in wood framea | 0.46 | ||||
| 6% glazing (22 in. x 8 in. lite) | - | 0.48 | 0.47 | 0.46 | 0.44 |
| 25% glazing (22 in. x 36 in. lite) | - | 0.58 | 0.48 | 0.46 | 0.42 |
| 45% glazing (22 in. x 64 in. lite) | - | 0.69 | 0.49 | 0.46 | 0.39 |
| More than 50% glazing | Use Table 10-6A | ||||
| Insulated steel slab with wood edge in wood framea | 0.16 | ||||
| 6% glazing (22 in. x 8 in. lite) | - | 0.21 | 0.20 | 0.19 | 0.18 |
| 25% glazing (22 in. x 36 in. lite) | - | 0.39 | 0.28 | 0.26 | 0.23 |
| 45% glazing (22 in. x 64 in. lite) | - | 0.58 | 0.38 | 0.35 | 0.26 |
| More than 50% glazing | Use Table 10-6A | ||||
| Foam insulated steel slab with metal edge in steel frameb | 0.37 | ||||
| 6% glazing (22 in. x 8 in. lite) | - | 0.44 | 0.42 | 0.41 | 0.39 |
| 25% glazing (22 in. x 36 in. lite) | - | 0.55 | 0.50 | 0.48 | 0.44 |
| 45% glazing (22 in. x 64 in. lite) | - | 0.71 | 0.59 | 0.56 | 0.48 |
| More than 50% glazing | Use Table 10-6A | ||||
| Cardboard honeycomb slab with metal edge in steel frameb | 0.61 | ||||
| Style and Rail Doors | |||||
| Sliding glass doors/French doors | Use Table 10-6A | ||||
| Site-Assembled Style and Rail Doors | |||||
| Aluminum in aluminum frame | - | 1.32 | 0.99 | 0.93 | 0.79 |
| Aluminum in aluminum frame with thermal break | - | 1.13 | 0.80 | 0.74 | 0.63 |
| REVOLVING DOORS (Rough opening - 82 in. x 84 in.) | |||||
| Aluminum in aluminum frame | |||||
| Open | - | 1.32 | - | - | - |
| Closed | - | 0.65 | - | - | - |
| SECTIONAL OVERHEAD DOORS (Nominal - 10 ft x 10 ft) | |||||
| Uninsulated steel (nominal U = 1.15)c | 1.15 | - | - | - | - |
| Insulated steel (nominal U = 0.11)c | 0.24 | - | - | - | - |
| Insulated steel with thermal break (nominal U = 0.08)c | 0.13 | - | - | - | - |
| a. | Thermally broken sill (add 0.03 for nonthermally broken sill) |
| b. | Nonthermally broken sill |
| c. | Nominal U-factors are through the center of the insulated panel before consideration of thermal bridges around the edges of the door sections and due to the frame. |
Group R Occupancy: DEFAULT U-FACTORS FOR GLAZED DOORS
See Table 10-6C
| Frame Type | ||||
| Aluminum | Aluminum | Reinforced | Wood or Vinyl- | |
| without | with | Vinyl/ | Clad Wood/ | |
| Thermal | Thermal | Aluminum-Clad | Vinyl without | |
| Glazing Type | Break | Break | Wood or Vinyl | Reinforcing |
| Single Glazing | ||||
| glass | U-1.58 | U-1.51 | U-1.40 | U-1.18 |
| acrylic/polycarb | U-1.52 | U-1.45 | U-1.34 | U-1.11 |
| Double Glazing | ||||
| air | U-1.05 | U-0.89 | U-0.84 | U-0.67 |
| argon | U-1.02 | U-0.86 | U-0.80 | U-0.64 |
| Double Glazing, e = 0.20 | ||||
| air | U-0.96 | U-0.80 | U-0.75 | U-0.59 |
| argon | U-0.91 | U-0.75 | U-0.70 | U-0.54 |
| Double Glazing, e = 0.10 | ||||
| air | U-0.94 | U-0.79 | U-0.74 | U-0.58 |
| argon | U-0.89 | U-0.73 | U-0.68 | U-0.52 |
| Double Glazing, e = 0.05 | ||||
| air | U-0.93 | U-0.78 | U-0.73 | U-0.56 |
| argon | U-0.87 | U-0.71 | U-0.66 | U-0.50 |
| Triple Glazing | ||||
| air | U-0.90 | U-0.70 | U-0.67 | U-0.51 |
| argon | U-0.87 | U-0.69 | U-0.64 | U-0.48 |
| Triple Glazing, e = 0.20 | ||||
| air | U-0.86 | U-0.68 | U-0.63 | U-0.47 |
| argon | U-0.82 | U-0.63 | U-0.59 | U-0.43 |
| Triple Glazing, e = 0.20 on 2 surfaces | ||||
| air | U-0.82 | U-0.64 | U-0.60 | U-0.44 |
| argon | U-0.79 | U-0.60 | U-0.56 | U-0.40 |
| Triple Glazing, e = 0.10 on 2 surfaces | ||||
| air | U-0.81 | U-0.62 | U-0.58 | U-0.42 |
| argon | U-0.77 | U-0.58 | U-0.54 | U-0.38 |
| Quadruple Glazing, e = 0.10 on 2x surfaces |
||||
| air | U-0.78 | U-0.59 | U-0.55 | U-0.39 |
| argon | U-0.74 | U-0.56 | U-0.52 | U-0.36 |
| krypton | U-0.70 | U-0.52 | U-0.48 | U-0.32 |
| 1. | U-factors are applicable to both glass and plastic, flat and domed units, all spacers and gaps. |
| 2. | Emissivities shall be less than or equal to the value specified. |
| 3. | Gap fill shall be assumed to be air unless there is a minimum of 90% argon or krypton. |
| 4. | Aluminum frame with thermal break is as defined in footnote 9 to Table 10-6B. |
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045 and chapters 19.27, 19.27A, and 34.05 RCW. 05-01-013, § 51-11-1006, filed 12/2/04, effective 7/1/05. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 02-01-112, § 51-11-1006, filed 12/18/01, effective 7/1/02; 01-03-010, § 51-11-1006, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01; 98-03-003, § 51-11-1006, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: Chapters 19.27, 19.27A and 34.05 RCW. 94-05-059, § 51-11-1006, filed 2/10/94, effective 4/1/94. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020 and 1990 c 2. 91-01-112, § 51-11-1006, filed 12/19/90, effective 7/1/91.]
1132.1 Building Envelope: Alterations or repairs shall comply
with nominal R-values and glazing requirements in Table 13-1
or 13-2.
All new systems in existing buildings, including packaged
unitary equipment and packaged split systems, shall comply
with Chapter 14. Where mechanical cooling is added to a space that was not
previously cooled, the mechanical cooling system shall comply
with Sections 1413 and either 1423 or 1433. Existing equipment currently in use may be relocated
within the same floor or same tenant space if removed and
reinstalled within the same permit. TABLE 11-1: ECONOMIZER COMPLIANCE OPTIONS FOR MECHANICAL ALTERATIONS (alternate to A) (alternate to A) (alternate to A) Economizer: 14332 Economizer: 14332,3 Economizer: 14332,3 Economizer: 14332,4 Economizer: 14332 Economizer: shall
not decrease existing
economizer
capability Efficiency:
+ 10/5%5 Economizer: 50%6 Economizer: 14332,4 Economizer: 14332 Efficiency: + 10/5%5 Flow control valve7 Economizer: 50%6 Efficiency:
+ 10/5%5 Flow control valve7
Economizer: 50%6
(except for certain
pre-1991 systems8) Economizer: 14332,4 (except for certain
pre-1991 systems8) Economizer: 14332 Economizer: shall
not decrease existing
economizer capacity Economizer: 14332,4 Economizer: 14332 (except for certain
pre-1991 systems8) (except for certain
pre-1991 systems8) Economizer: 14332 (except for certain
pre-1991 systems8
and certain
1991-2004
systems9) Economizer: 14332,4
(except for certain
pre-1991 systems8
and certain
1991-2004 systems9) Economizer: 14332 Economizer: 14332 Economizer: shall
not decrease existing
economizer capacity Economizer: shall
not decrease
existing economizer
capacity Economizer: 14332,4 Economizer: 14332 Economizer: shall
not decrease existing
economizer capacity Economizer: shall
not decrease
existing economizer
capacity Economizer: 14332,4 Economizer: 14332 Economizer: shall
not decrease existing
economizer capacity Economizer: shall
not decrease
existing economizer
capacity Economizer: 14332,4 Other tenant improvements, alterations or repairs where
60 percent or more of the fixtures in a space enclosed by
walls or ceiling-height partitions ((
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045 and chapters
19.27, 19.27A, and 34.05 RCW. 05-01-013, § 51-11-1132, filed
12/2/04, effective 7/1/05. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 01-03-010, § 51-11-1132, filed
1/5/01, effective 7/1/01; 98-03-003, § 51-11-1132, filed
1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025. 93-21-052, § 51-11-1132, filed 10/18/93,
effective 4/1/94.] b. Component Performance Building Envelope Option
Sections 1330 through 1334. c. Systems Analysis. See Section 1141.4. Figure 13A Section Number Subject Prescriptive Option Performance Option Analysis Option 1311 1312 1313 1314 Insulation Glazing and Doors Moisture Control Air Leakage X X X X X X X X X X X X 1321 1322 1323 Envelope Option General Opaque Envelope Glazing X X X X 1331 1332 1333 1334 Performance
Building Envelope Option General Component
U-Factors UA Calculations Solar Heat Gain Coefficient X X X X X
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025. 93-21-052, §
51-11-1310, filed 10/18/93, effective 4/1/94.]
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 01-03-010,
§ 51-11-1312, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01; 98-03-003, §
51-11-1312, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory
Authority: RCW 19.27A.025. 93-21-052, § 51-11-1312, filed
10/18/93, effective 4/1/94.]
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025. 93-21-052, §
51-11-1314, filed 10/18/93, effective 4/1/94.]
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045 and chapters
19.27, 19.27A, and 34.05 RCW. 05-01-013, § 51-11-1331, filed
12/2/04, effective 7/1/05. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 01-03-010, § 51-11-1331, filed
1/5/01, effective 7/1/01; 98-03-003, § 51-11-1331, filed
1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025. 93-21-052, § 51-11-1331, filed 10/18/93,
effective 4/1/94.] align="center" Equation 13-1: the proposed roof over attic area, and the gross roof over attic area minus Aograt. proposed overhead glazing area in roofs over attics, and the maximum allowed glazing area from Table 13-1 or 13-2. the proposed other roof area, and the gross other roof area minus Aogort. the proposed overhead glazing area in other roofs, and the maximum allowed glazing area from Table 13-1 or 13-2 minus Aograt. proposed opaque above grade wall area, and the gross exterior above grade wall area minus Adt minus Avgt. the proposed vertical glazing area, and the maximum allowed glazing area from Table 13-1 or 13-2 minus Aograt minus Aogort. EQUATION 13-2 EQUATION 13-3 EQUATION 13-4
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Storm windows installed over existing glazing.
2. Glass replaced in existing sash and frame provided that glazing is of equal or lower U-factor.
3. For solar heat gain coefficient compliance, glazing with a solar heat gain coefficient equal to or
lower than that of the other existing glazing.
4. Existing roof/ceiling, wall or floor cavities exposed during construction provided that these cavities
are insulated to full depth with insulation having a minimum nominal value of R-3.0 per inch installed
per Sections 1311 and 1313.
5. Existing walls and floors without framing cavities, provided that any new cavities added to existing
walls and floors comply with Exception 4.
6. Existing roofs where the roof membrane is being replaced and
a. The roof sheathing or roof insulation is not exposed; or
b. If there is existing roof insulation below the deck.
In no case shall the energy efficiency of the building be decreased.
1132.2 Building Mechanical Systems: Those parts of systems
which are altered or replaced shall comply with Chapter 14 of
this Code.
EXCEPTIONS:
These exceptions only apply to situations where mechanical cooling is added to a space that was not
previously cooled.
1. Water-cooled refrigeration equipment provided with a water economizer meeting the requirements
of Section 1413 need not comply with 1423 or 1433. This exception shall not be used for RS-29
analysis.
2. Alternate designs that are not in full compliance with this Code may be approved when the building
official determines that existing building or occupancy constraints make full compliance impractical or
where full compliance would be economically impractical.
Alterations to existing mechanical cooling systems shall
not decrease economizer capacity unless the system complies
with Sections 1413 and either 1423 or 1433. In addition, for
existing mechanical cooling systems that do not comply with
Sections 1413 and either 1423 or 1433, including both the
individual unit size limits and the total building capacity
limits on units without economizer, other alterations shall
comply with Table 11-1.
Option A
Option B
Option C
Option D
Unit Type
Any alteration with
new or replacement
equipment
Replacement unit of
the same type with
the same or smaller
output capacity
Replacement unit
of the same type
with a larger
output capacity
New equipment
added to existing
system or
replacement unit of
a different type
1. Packaged Units
Efficiency: min.1
Efficiency: min.1
Efficiency: min.1
Efficiency: min.1
2. Split Systems
Efficiency: min.1
Efficiency: + 10/5%5
Only for new
units < 54,000
Btu/h replacing
unit installed prior
to 1991 (one of
two):
Efficiency: min.1
For units > 54,000
Btu/h or any units
installed after 1991:
Option A
3. Water Source
Heat Pump
Efficiency: min.1
(two of three):
(three of three):
Efficiency: min.1
4. Hydronic
Economizer using
Air-Cooled Heat
Rejection
Equipment (Dry
Cooler)
Efficiency: min.1
Efficiency: + 10/5%5
Option A
Efficiency: min.1
5. Air-Handling
Unit (including fan
coil units) where
the system has an
air-cooled chiller
Efficiency: min.1
Economizer: shall
not decrease existing
economizer capacity
Option A
Option A
6. Air-Handling
Unit (including fan
coil units) and
Water-cooled
Process
Equipment, where
the system has a
water-cooled
chiller10
Efficiency: min.1
Economizer: shall
not decrease existing
economizer capacity
Option A
Efficiency: min.1
7. Cooling Tower
Efficiency: min.1
No requirements
Option A
Option A
8. Air-Cooled
Chiller
Efficiency: min.1
Efficiency: + 5%11
Efficiency (two of
two): (1) + 10%12
and (2) multistage
Efficiency: min.1
9. Water-Cooled
Chiller
Efficiency: min.1
Efficiency (one of
two): (1) + 10%13 or
(2) plate frame heat
exchanger15
Efficiency (two of
two): (1) + 15%14
and (2) plate frame
heat exchanger15
Efficiency: min.1
10. Boiler
Efficiency: min.1
Efficiency: + 8%16
Efficiency: + 8%16
Efficiency: min.1
1.
Minimum equipment efficiency shall comply with Section 1411.1 and Tables 14-1A through M.
2.
System and building shall comply with Section 1433 (including both the individual unit size limits and the
total building capacity limits on units without economizer). It is acceptable to comply using one of the
exceptions to Section 1433.
3.
All equipment replaced in an existing building shall have air economizer complying with Sections 1413 and
1433 unless both the individual unit size and the total capacity of units without air economizer in the
building is less than that allowed in Exception 1 to Section 1433.
4.
All separate new equipment added to an existing building shall have air economizer complying with
Sections 1413 and 1433 unless both the individual unit size and the total capacity of units without air
economizer in the building is less than that allowed in Exception 1 to Section 1433.
5.
Equipment shall have a capacity-weighted average cooling system efficiency:
a.
For units with a cooling capacity below 54,000 Btu/h, a minimum of 10% greater than the requirements in
Tables 14-1A and 14-1B (1.10 x values in Tables 14-1A and 14-1B).
b.
For units with a cooling capacity of 54,000 Btu/h and greater, a minimum of 5% greater than the
requirements in Tables 14-1A and 14-1B (1.05 x values in Tables 14-1A and 14-1B).
6.
Minimum of 50% air economizer that is ducted in a fully enclosed path directly to every heat pump unit in
each zone, except that ducts may terminate within 12 inches of the intake to an HVAC unit provided that
they are physically fastened so that the outside air duct is directed into the unit intake. If this is an
increase in the amount of outside air supplied to this unit, the outside air supply system shall be capable of
providing this additional outside air and equipped with economizer control.
7.
Have flow control valve to eliminate flow through the heat pumps that are not in operation with variable
speed pumping control complying with Section 1432.2.2 for that heat pump.
– When total capacity of units with flow control valves exceeds 15% of total system capacity, a variable
frequency drive shall be installed on the main loop pump.
– As an alternate to this requirement, have a capacity-weighted average cooling system efficiency that is
5% greater than the requirements in note 5 (i.e., a minimum of 15%/10% greater than the requirements in
Tables 14-1A and 14-1B (1.15/1.10 x values in Tables 14-1A and 14-1B).)
8.
Systems installed prior to 1991 without fully utilized capacity are allowed to comply with Option B,
provided that the individual unit cooling capacity does not exceed 90,000 Btu/h.
9.
Economizer not required for systems installed with water economizer plate and frame heat exchanger
complying with previous codes between 1991 and June 2004, provided that the total fan coil load does not
exceed the existing or added capacity of the heat exchangers.
10.
For water-cooled process equipment where the manufacturer's specifications require colder temperatures
than available with waterside economizer, that portion of the load is exempt from the economizer
requirements.
11.
The air-cooled chiller shall have an IPLV efficiency that is a minimum of 5% greater than the IPLV
requirements in Table 14-1C (1.05 x IPLV values in Table 14-1C).
12.
The air-cooled chiller shall:
a.
Have an IPLV efficiency that is a minimum of 10% greater than the IPLV requirements in Table 14-1C (1.10 x
IPLV values in Table 14-1C), and
b.
Be multistage with a minimum of two compressors.
13.
The water-cooled chiller shall have an NPLV efficiency that is a minimum of 10% greater than the NPLV
requirements in Table 14-1K, Table 14-1L, or Table 14-1M (1.10 x NPLV values in Table 14-1K, Table 14-1L,
or Table 14-1M).
14.
The water-cooled chiller shall have an NPLV efficiency that is a minimum of 15% greater than the NPLV
requirements in Table 14-1K, Table 14-1L, or Table 14-1M (1.15 x NPLV values in Table 14-1K, Table 14-1L,
or Table 14-1M).
15.
Economizer cooling shall be provided by adding a plate-frame heat exchanger on the waterside with a
capacity that is a minimum of 20% of the chiller capacity at standard ARI rating conditions.
16.
The replacement boiler shall have an efficiency that is a minimum of 8% higher than the value in Table
14-1F (1.08 x value in Table 14-1F), except for electric boilers.
1132.3 Lighting and Motors: Where the use in a space changes
from one use in Table 15-1 to another use in Table 15-1, the
installed lighting wattage shall comply with Section 1521 or
1531.(as defined in Table
15-1) within a tenant space or in an entire floor)) are new
shall comply with Sections 1531 and 1532. (Where this
threshold is triggered, the areas of the affected spaces may
be combined for lighting code compliance calculations.) Where
less than 60 percent of the fixtures in a space enclosed by
walls or ceiling-height partitions are new, the installed
lighting wattage shall be maintained or reduced. Where 60
percent or more of the lighting fixtures in a suspended
ceiling are new, and the existing insulation is on the
suspended ceiling, the roof/ceiling assembly shall be
insulated according to the provisions of Chapter 13 Section
1311.2.
Where new wiring is being installed to serve added
fixtures and/or fixtures are being relocated to a new circuit,
controls shall comply with Sections 1513.1 through 1513.5 and,
as applicable, 1513.7. In addition, office areas less than
300 ft2 enclosed by walls or ceiling-height partitions, and all
meeting and conference rooms, and all school classrooms, shall
be equipped with occupancy sensors that comply with Sections
1513.6 and 1513.7. Where a new lighting panel (or a moved
lighting panel) with all new raceway and conductor wiring from
the panel to the fixtures is being installed, controls shall
also comply with the other requirements in Sections 1513.6 and
1513.7.
Where new walls or ceiling-height partitions are added to
an existing space and create a new enclosed space, but the
lighting fixtures are not being changed, other than being
relocated, the new enclosed space shall have controls that
comply with Sections 1513.1 through 1513.2, 1513.4, and 1513.6
through 1513.7.
Those motors which are altered or replaced shall comply
with Section 1511.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 93-21-052, filed 10/18/93,
effective 4/1/94)
WAC 51-11-1310
General requirements.
The building
envelope shall comply with Sections 1311 through 1314.
1310.1 Conditioned Spaces: The building envelope for
conditioned spaces shall also comply with one of the following
paths:
a. Prescriptive Building Envelope Option Sections 1320
through 1323.
1310.2 Semi-Heated Spaces: All spaces shall be considered
conditioned spaces, and shall comply with the requirements in
Section 1310.1 unless they meet the following criteria for
semi-heated spaces. The installed heating equipment output,
in Climate Zone 1, shall be 3 Btu/(h•ft2) or greater but not
greater than 8 Btu/(h•ft2) and in Climate Zone 2, shall be 5
Btu/(h•ft2) or greater but not greater than 12 Btu/(h•ft2).
((Heating shall be controlled by a thermostat mounted not
lower than the heating unit and capable of preventing heating
above 44 degrees space temperature. For semi-heated spaces,
the only prescriptive, component performance, or systems
analysis building envelope requirement shall be that:
Climate Zone 1
a.U = 0.10 maximum for the roof assembly, orb.Continuous R-9 insulation installed entirely outside
of the roof structure, orc.R-11 insulation installed inside or within a wood
roof structure, ord.R-19 insulation installed inside or within a metal
roof structure.
Climate Zone 2
a.U = 0.07 maximum for the roof assembly, orb.Continuous R-14 insulation installed entirely
outside of the roof structure, orc.R-19 insulation installed inside or within a wood
roof structure, ord.R-25 insulation installed inside or within a metal
roof structure.))
For semi-heated spaces, the building envelope shall
comply with the same requirements as that for conditioned
spaces in Section 1310.1.
EXCEPTION:
For semi-heated spaces heated by other fuels only, wall insulation is not required for those walls that
separate semi-heated spaces (see definition in Section 201.1) from the exterior provided that the space
is heated solely by a heating system controlled by a thermostat with a maximum setpoint capacity of
45°F, mounted no lower than the heating unit.
Building Envelope Compliance Options
Component
Systems
1310
General Requirements
X
X
X
1320
Prescriptive Building
1330
Component
RS-29
Systems Analysis
X
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 01-03-010, filed 1/5/01,
effective 7/1/01)
WAC 51-11-1312
Glazing and doors.
1312.1 Standard Procedure for Determination of Glazing and
Door U-Factors: U-Factors for glazing and doors shall be
determined, certified and labeled in accordance with Standard
RS-31 by a certified independent agency licensed by the
National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC). Compliance shall
be based on the Residential or the Nonresidential Model Size.
Product samples used for U-factor determinations shall be
production line units or representative of units as purchased
by the consumer or contractor. Unlabeled glazing and doors
shall be assigned the default U-factor in Table 10-6.
1312.2 Solar Heat Gain Coefficient and Shading Coefficient:
Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC), shall be determined,
certified and labelled in accordance with the National
Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC) Standard by a certified,
independent agency, licensed by the NFRC.
EXCEPTION:
Shading coefficients (SC) shall be an acceptable alternate for compliance with solar heat gain
coefficient requirements. Shading coefficients for glazing shall be taken from Chapter ((
29)) 31 of
RS-((27)) 1 or from the manufacturer's test data.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 93-21-052, filed 10/18/93,
effective 4/1/94)
WAC 51-11-1314
Air leakage.
1314.1 Building Envelope: The requirements of this section
shall apply to building elements separating conditioned from
unconditioned spaces. Exterior joints around windows and door
frames, openings between walls and foundation, between walls
and roof and wall panels; openings at penetrations of
utility services through walls, floors, and roofs; and all
other openings in the building envelope shall be sealed,
caulked, gasketed, or weatherstripped to limit air leakage.
1314.2 Glazing and Doors: Doors and operable glazing
separating conditioned from unconditioned space shall be
weatherstripped. Fixed windows shall be tight fitting with
glass retained by stops with sealant or caulking all around.
EXCEPTION:
Openings that are required to be fire resistant.
1314.3 Building Assemblies Used as Ducts or Plenums: Building
assemblies used as ducts or plenums shall be sealed, caulked,
and gasketed to limit air leakage.
1314.4 Recessed Lighting Fixtures: When installed in the
building envelope, recessed lighting fixtures shall be Type IC
rated, and certified under ASTM E283 to have no more than 2.0
cfm air movement from the conditioned space to the ceiling
cavity. The lighting fixture shall be tested at 75 Pascals or
1.57 lbs/ft2 pressure difference and have a label attached,
showing compliance with this test method. Recessed lighting
fixtures shall be installed with a gasket or caulk between the
fixture and ceiling to prevent air leakage.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 05-01-013, filed 12/2/04,
effective 7/1/05)
WAC 51-11-1331
General.
Buildings or structures whose
design heat loss rate (UAp) and solar heat gain coefficient
rate (SHGC*Ap) are less than or equal to the target heat loss
rate (UAt) and solar heat gain coefficient rate (SHGC*At) shall
be considered in compliance with this section. The stated
U-factor, F-factor or allowable area of any component
assembly, listed in Tables 13-1 or 13-2, such as roof/ceiling,
opaque wall, opaque door, glazing, floor over conditioned
space, slab on grade floor, radiant floor or opaque floor may
be increased and the U-factor or F-factor for other components
decreased, provided that the total heat gain or loss for the
entire building envelope does not exceed the total resulting
from compliance to the U-factors, F-factors or allowable areas
specified in this section.
EXCEPTION:
Compliance is also allowed to be shown using RS-32 for Climate Zone 1.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 05-01-013, filed 12/2/04,
effective 7/1/05)
WAC 51-11-1334
Solar heat gain coefficient rate
calculations.
Solar heat gain coefficient shall comply with
Section 1323.3. The target SHGCAt and the proposed SHGCAp
shall be calculated using Equation 13-3 and 13-4 and the
corresponding areas and SHGCs from Table 13-1 or 13-2.
Target UA[t]
align="center"UAt
=
UratArat + UogratAograt + UortAort + UogortAogort + UwtAwt + UvgtAvgt + UdtAdt + UftAft + FstPst + UbgwtAbgwt
UAt
=
The target combined specific heat transfer of the gross roof/ceiling assembly, exterior wall and
floor area.
Where:
Urat
=
The thermal transmittance value for roofs over attics found in Table 13-1 or 13-2.
Uograt
=
The thermal transmittance for overhead glazing found in Table 13-1 or 13-2 which corresponds to
the proposed total glazing area as a percent of gross exterior wall area.
Uort
=
The thermal transmittance value for other roofs found in Table 13-1 or 13-2.
Uogort
=
The thermal transmittance for overhead glazing found in Table 13-1 or 13-2 which corresponds to
the proposed total glazing area as a percent of gross exterior wall area.
Uwt
=
The thermal transmittance value for opaque walls found in Table 13-1 or 13-2.
Uvgt
=
The thermal transmittance value for vertical glazing found in Table 13-1 or 13-2 which
corresponds to the proposed total glazing area as a percent of gross exterior wall area.
Udt
=
The thermal transmittance value for opaque doors found in Table 13-1 or 13-2.
Uft
=
The thermal transmittance value for floors over unconditioned space found in Table 13-1 or 13-2.
Fst
=
The F-factor for slab-on-grade and radiant slab floors found in Table 13-1 or 13-2.
Ubgwt
=
The thermal transmittance value for opaque walls found in Table 13-1 or 13-2.
Adt
=
The proposed opaque door area, Ad.
Aft
=
The proposed floor over unconditioned space area, Af.
Pst
=
The proposed lineal feet of slab-on-grade and radiant slab floor perimeter, Ps.
Abgwt
=
The proposed below grade wall area, Abgw.
and;
if the total amount of glazing area as a percent of gross exterior wall area does not exceed the maximum allowed in
Table 13-1 or 13-2:
Arat
=
The proposed roof over attic area, Ara.
Aograt
=
The proposed overhead glazing area in roofs over attics, Aogra.
Aort
=
The proposed other roof area, Aor.
Aogort
=
The proposed overhead glazing area in other roofs, Aogor.
Awt
=
The proposed opaque above grade wall area, Aw.
Avgt
=
The proposed vertical glazing area, Avg.
or;
if the total amount of glazing area as a percent of gross exterior wall area exceeds the maximum allowed in Table
13-1 or 13-2:
Arat
=
The greater of:
Aograt
=
The lesser of:
Aort
=
The greater of:
Aogort
=
The lesser of:
Awt
=
The greater of:
Avgt
=
The lesser of:
Proposed UAp
align="center"UAp
=
UraAra+UorAor+UogAog+UwAw+UdAd+UvgAvg+UfAf+FsPs+UbgwAbgw
Where:
UAp
=
The combined proposed specific heat transfer of the gross exterior wall, floor and
roof/ceiling assembly area.
Ura
=
The thermal transmittance of the roof over attic area.
Ara
=
Opaque roof over attic area.
Uor
=
The thermal transmittance of the other roof area.
Aor
=
Opaque other roof area.
Uog
=
The thermal transmittance for the overhead glazing
Aog
=
Overhead glazing area.
Uw
=
The thermal transmittance of the opaque wall area.
Aw
=
Opaque above grade wall area (not including opaque doors).
Uvg
=
The thermal transmittance of the vertical glazing area.
Avg
=
Vertical glazing area.
Ud
=
The thermal transmittance value of the opaque door area.
Ad
=
Opaque door area.
Uf
=
The thermal transmittance of the floor over unconditioned space area.
Af
=
Floor area over unconditioned space.
Fs
=
Slab-on-grade or radiant floor component F-factor.
Ps
=
Lineal feet of slab-on-grade or radiant floor perimeter.
Ubgw
=
The thermal transmittance value of the below grade wall area.
Abgw
=
Below grade wall area as defined in Tables 13-1 or 13-2.
NOTE: Where more than one type of wall, window, roof/ceiling, door and skylight is used, the U and A terms for
those items shall be expanded into sub-elements as:
Uw1Aw1+Uw2Aw2+Uw3Aw3+...etc.
Target SHGCAt
SHGCAt
=
SHGCt (Aograt + Aogort + Avgt)
Where:
SHGCAt
=
The target combined specific heat gain of the target glazing area.
SHGCt
=
The solar heat gain coefficient for glazing found in Table 13-1 or 13-2 which corresponds to the
proposed total glazing area as a percent of gross exterior wall area, and
Aograt, Aogort, and Avgt are defined under Equation 13-1.
align="center"
Proposed SHGCAp
SHGCAp
=
SHGCogAog + SHGCvgAvg
Where:
SHGCAt
=
The combined proposed specific heat gain of the proposed glazing area.
SHGCog
=
The solar heat gain coefficient of the overhead glazing.
Aog
=
The overhead glazing area.
SHGCvg
=
The solar heat gain coefficient of the vertical glazing.
Avg
=
The vertical glazing area.
BUILDING ENVELOPE REQUIREMENTS FOR CLIMATE ZONE 1
MINIMUM INSULATION R-VALUES OR
MAXIMUM COMPONENT U-FACTORS FOR ZONE 1
| Space Heat Type | Components | |||||
| Roofs Over Attic3 |
All Other Roofs3 | Opaque Walls1,2 | Opaque Doors | Floor Over Uncond Space |
Slab On Grade5 | |
| 1. Electric resistance heat** | R-38 or U = 0.031 | R-30 or U = 0.034 | R-19 or U = 0.062 | U = 0.60 | R-30 or U = 0.029 | R-10 or F = 0.54 |
| 2. All others including Heat pumps and VAV | R-30 or U = 0.036 |
R-21 or U = 0.046 |
(a) Metal
framing:
R-19 or U
= 0.109 (b) Wood framing and framing other than metal: R-19 or U = 0.062 |
U = 0.60 | R-19 or U = 0.056 | R-10 or F = 0.54 |
| ** | Compliance with nominal prescriptive R-values requires wood framing. |
MAXIMUM GLAZING SOLAR HEAT GAIN COEFFICIENTS
FOR ZONE 1
| Maximum Glazing Area as % of Wall |
0% to 30% | >30% to 45% | ||||
| Maximum U-Factor |
Max. SHGC4 | Maximum U-Factor |
Max. SHGC4 | |||
| VG | OG | VG | OG | |||
| 1. Electric resistance heat | 0.40 | 0.60 | 0.40 | PRESCRIPTIVE PATH NOT ALLOWED | ||
| 2. All others including heat pumps and VAV | 0.55 | 0.70 | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.60 | 0.40 |
| Footnotes | |
| 1. | Below Grade Walls: |
| When complying by the prescriptive approach, Section 1322: |
| a) | Walls insulated on the interior shall use opaque wall values, |
| b) | Walls insulated on the exterior shall use a minimum of R-10 insulation, |
| c) | Walls shall be insulated for the first 10 feet below grade. (There shall be no credit for those portions of below grade walls and footings that are more than 10 feet below grade, and those portions below 10 feet shall not be included in the gross exterior wall area). |
| When complying by the component performance approach, Section 1331: |
| a) | Walls insulated on the interior shall use the opaque wall values when determining Ubgwt, |
| b) | Walls insulated on the exterior shall use a target U-factor of U = 0.070 for Ubgwt, |
| c) | The calculations shall include the first 10 feet of walls below grade. (Those portions of below grade walls and footings that are more than 10 feet below grade shall not be included in the gross exterior wall area and shall not be included when determining Abgwt and Abgw). |
| 2. | Concrete Masonry Walls: If the area weighted heat capacity of the total opaque above grade wall is a minimum of 9.0 Btu/ft2•°F, then: |
| a. The area weighted average U-factor may be increased to U-0.15 maximum, or minimum additional R-5.7 continuous insulation uninterrupted by framing; or | |
| b. The wall may be ASTM C90 concrete block walls, ungrouted or partially grouted at 32 in. or less on center vertically and 48 in. or less on center horizontally, with ungrouted cores filled with material having a maximum thermal conductivity of 0.44 Btu-in/h•ft2•°F. | |
| – Individual walls with heat capacities less than 9.0 Btu/ft2•°F and below grade walls shall meet opaque wall requirements listed above. | |
| – Glazing shall comply with the glazing requirements listed above. |
3.
Roof Types: A roof over attic is where the roof structure has at least 30 inches clear distance from the top of the bottom
chord of a truss or ceiling joist to the underside of the sheathing at the roof ridge, and the ceiling is attached to the ceiling
joist or the bottom of the truss or ceiling joist. Anything else is considered all other roofs.
4.
SHGC (Solar Heat Gain Coefficient per Section 1312.2): May substitute Maximum Shading Coefficient (SC) for
SHGC (See Chapter 2 for definition of Shading Coefficient).
5.
Radiant Floors: Where insulation is required under the entire slab, radiant floors shall use a minimum of R-10 insulation
or F= 0.55 maximum. Where insulation is not required under the entire slab, radiant floors shall use R-10 perimeter
insulation according to Section 1311.6 or F= 0.78 maximum.
BUILDING ENVELOPE REQUIREMENTS
FOR CLIMATE ZONE 2
MINIMUM INSULATION R-VALUES OR
MAXIMUM COMPONENT U-FACTORS FOR ZONE 2
| Space Heat Type | Components | |||||
| Roofs Over Attic3 |
All Other Roofs3 | Opaque Walls1,2 | Opaque Doors | Floor Over Uncond Space |
Slab On Grade | |
| 1. Electric resistance heat** | R-38 or U = 0.031 |
R-30 or U = 0.034 |
R-24 or U = 0.044 |
U = 0.60 | R-30 or U = 0.029 |
R-10 or F = 0.54 |
| 2. All others including Heat pumps and VAV | R-38 or U = 0.031 |
R-25 or U = 0.039 |
(a) Metal
framing:
R-13 cavity
insul.
+R-3.8
continuous
insul. or U
= 0.084 (b) Wood framing and framing other than metal: R-19 or U = 0.062 |
U = 0.60 | R-21 or U = 0.047 |
R-10 or F = 0.54 |
| ** | Compliance with nominal prescriptive R-values requires wood framing. |
MAXIMUM GLAZING SOLAR HEAT GAIN COEFFICIENTS
FOR ZONE 2
| Maximum Glazing Area as % of Wall |
0% to 30% | >30% to 45% | ||||
| Maximum U-Factor |
Max. SHGC4 | Maximum U-Factor |
Max. SHGC4 | |||
| VG | OG | VG | OG | |||
| 1. Electric resistance heat | 0.40 | 0.60 | 0.40 | PRESCRIPTIVE PATH NOT ALLOWED | ||
| 2. All others including heat pumps and VAV | 0.55 | 0.70 | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.60 | 0.40 |
| Footnotes | |
| 1. | Below Grade Walls: |
| When complying by the prescriptive approach, Section 1322: |
| a) | Walls insulated on the interior shall use opaque wall values, |
| b) | Walls insulated on the exterior shall use a minimum of R-12 insulation, |
| c) | Walls shall be insulated for the first 10 feet below grade. (There shall be no credit for insulating those portions of below grade walls and footings that are more than 10 feet below grade, and those portions below 10 feet shall not be included in the gross exterior wall area.) |
| When complying by the component performance approach, Section 1331: |
| a) | Walls insulated on the interior shall use the opaque wall values when determining Ubgwt, |
| b) | Walls insulated on the exterior shall use a target U-factor of U= 0.061 for Ubgwt, |
| c) | The calculations shall include the first 10 feet of walls below grade. (Those portions of below grade walls and footings that are more than 10 feet below grade shall not be included in the gross exterior wall area and shall not be included when determining Abgwt and Abgw.) |
| 2. | Concrete Masonry Walls: If the area weighted heat capacity of the total opaque above grade wall is a minimum of 9.0 Btu/ft2•°F, then the U-factor may be increased to 0.123 maximum, or minimum additional R-7.6 continuous insulation uninterrupted by framing. |
| – Individual walls with heat capacities less than 9.0 Btu/ft2•°F and below grade walls shall meet opaque wall requirements listed above. | |
| – Glazing shall comply with the glazing requirements above. |
| 3. | Roof Types: A roof over attic is where the roof structure has at least 30 inches clear distance from the top of the bottom chord of a truss or ceiling joist to the underside of the sheathing at the roof ridge, and the ceiling is attached to the ceiling joist or the bottom of the truss or ceiling joist. Anything else is considered all other roofs. |
| 4. | SHGC (Solar Heat Gain Coefficient per Section 1312.2): May substitute Maximum Shading Coefficient (SC) for SHGC (See Chapter 2 for definition of Shading Coefficient). |
| 5. | Radiant Floors: Where insulation is required under the entire slab, radiant floors shall use a minimum of R-10 insulation or F= 0.55 maximum. Where insulation is not required under the entire slab, radiant floors shall use R-10 perimeter insulation according to Section 1311.6 or F= 0.78 maximum. |
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045 and chapters 19.27, 19.27A, and 34.05 RCW. 05-01-013, § 51-11-1334, filed 12/2/04, effective 7/1/05. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 01-03-010, § 51-11-1334, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01; 98-03-003, § 51-11-1334, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025. 93-21-052, § 51-11-1334, filed 10/18/93, effective 4/1/94.]
Reviser's note: The brackets and enclosed material in the text of the above section occurred in the copy filed by the agency and appear in the Register pursuant to the requirements of RCW 34.08.040.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 02-01-112, filed 12/18/01,
effective 7/1/02)
WAC 51-11-1411
HVAC equipment performance requirements.
1411.1 General: Equipment shall have a minimum performance at
the specified rating conditions not less than the values shown
in Tables 14-1A through 14-1G. If a nationally recognized
certification program exists for a product covered in Tables
14-1A through 14-1G, and it includes provisions for
verification and challenge of equipment efficiency ratings,
then the product shall be listed in the certification program.
Gas-fired and oil-fired forced air furnaces with input ratings
≥ 225,000 Btu/h (65 kW) and all unit heaters shall also have
an intermittent ignition or interrupted device (IID), and have
either mechanical draft (including power venting) or a flue
damper. A vent damper is an acceptable alternative to a flue
damper for furnaces where combustion air is drawn from the
conditioned space. All furnaces with input ratings ≥ 225,000
Btu/h (65 kW), including electric furnaces, that are not
located within the conditioned space shall have jacket losses
not exceeding 0.75% of the input rating.
1411.2 Rating Conditions: Cooling equipment shall be rated at
ARI test conditions and procedures when available. Where no
applicable procedures exist, data shall be furnished by the
equipment manufacturer.
1411.3 Combination Space and Service Water Heating: For
combination space and service water heaters with a principal
function of providing space heat, the Combined Annual
Efficiency (CAE) may be calculated by using ASHRAE Standard
124-1991. Storage water heaters used in combination space
heat and water heat applications shall have either an Energy
Factor (EF) or a Combined Annual Efficiency (CAE) of not less
than the following:
| Energy
Factor (EF) |
Combined Annual Efficiency (CAE) | |
| < 50 gallon storage | 0.58 | 0.71 |
| 50 to 70 gallon storage | 0.57 | 0.71 |
| > 70 gallon storage | 0.55 | 0.70 |
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 02-01-112,
§ 51-11-1411, filed 12/18/01, effective 7/1/02; 01-03-010, §
51-11-1411, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01; 98-03-003, §
51-11-1411, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory
Authority: RCW 19.27A.025. 93-21-052, § 51-11-1411, filed
10/18/93, effective 4/1/94.] a. Have a minimum seven-day clock and be capable of being
set for seven different day types per week, b. Be capable of retaining programming and time setting
during loss of power for a period of at least ten hours, and c. Include an accessible manual override, or equivalent
function (e.g., telephone interface), that allows temporary
operation of the system for up to two hours. (a) Motorized dampers: 10 cfm/ft2 of damper area at 1.0
in w.g. (b) Nonmotorized dampers: 20 cfm/ft2 of damper area at
1.0 in w.g., except that for nonmotorized dampers smaller than
24 inches in either dimension: 40 cfm/ft2 of damper area at
1.0 in w.g. Drawings shall indicate compliance with this section. a. An air-side economizer, b. Automatic modulating control of the outdoor air
damper, or c. A design outdoor airflow greater than 3000 cfm.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020, 19.27A.045. 04-01-106,
§ 51-11-1412, filed 12/17/03, effective 7/1/04. Statutory
Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 02-01-112, §
51-11-1412, filed 12/18/01, effective 7/1/02; 01-03-010, §
51-11-1412, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01; 98-03-003, §
51-11-1412, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory
Authority: RCW 19.27A.025. 93-21-052, § 51-11-1412, filed
10/18/93, effective 4/1/94.] a. A Commissioning Plan, b. System Testing and Balancing, c. Controls Functional Performance Testing, d. A Preliminary Commissioning Report, e. Post Construction Documentation in the form of O&M and
Record Drawing Review, and f. A Final Commissioning Report. a. A Commissioning Plan, b. System Testing and Balancing, c. Equipment Functional Performance Testing, d. Controls Functional Performance Testing, e. A Preliminary Commissioning Report, f. Post Construction Documentation (all), and g. A Final Commissioning Report. a. A detailed explanation of the original design intent, b. Equipment and systems to be tested, including the
extent of tests, c. Functions to be tested (for example, calibration,
economizer control, etc.), d. Conditions under which the test shall be performed
(for example, winter and summer design conditions, full
outside air, etc.), e. Measurable criteria for acceptable performance. a. All modes as described in the Sequence of Operation, b. Redundant or automatic back-up mode, c. Performance of alarms, and d. Mode of operation upon a loss of power and restored
power. a. Submittal data stating equipment size and selected
options for each piece of equipment requiring maintenance. b. Operation and maintenance manuals for each piece of
equipment requiring maintenance, except equipment not
furnished as part of the project. Required routine
maintenance actions shall be clearly identified. c. Names and addresses of at least one service agency. d. HVAC controls system maintenance and calibration
information, including wiring diagrams, schematics, and
control sequence descriptions. Desired or field determined
set points shall be permanently recorded on control drawings
at control devices, or, for digital control systems, in
programming comments. e. A complete narrative of how each system is intended to
operate including: i. A detailed explanation of the original design intent. ii. The basis of design (how the design was selected to
meet the design intent). iii. A detailed explanation of how new equipment is to
interface with existing equipment or systems (where
applicable). iv. Suggested set points. a. System/Equipment overview (what it is, what it does
and which other systems and/or equipment does it interface
with). b. Review of the available O&M materials. c. Review of the Record Drawings on the subject
system/equipment. d. Hands-on demonstration of all normal maintenance
procedures, normal operating modes, and all emergency shutdown
and start-up procedures. a. Deficiencies found during testing required by this
section which have not been corrected at the time of report
preparation and the anticipated date of correction. b. Deferred tests which cannot be performed at the time
of report preparation due to climatic conditions. c. Climatic conditions required for performance of the
deferred tests, and the anticipated date of each deferred
test. a. Results of all Functional Performance Tests. b. Disposition of all deficiencies found during testing,
including details of corrective measures used or proposed. c. All Functional Performance Test procedures used during
the commissioning process including measurable criteria for
test acceptance, provided herein for repeatability.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 01-03-010,
§ 51-11-1416, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01.] 2. Shall include isolation devices and controls to shut
off or set back the supply of heating and cooling to each zone
independently. a. If a closed-circuit tower (fluid cooler) is used,
either an automatic valve shall be installed to bypass all but
a minimal flow of water around the tower (for freeze
protection), or low leakage positive closure dampers shall be
provided. b. If an open-circuit tower is used directly in the heat
pump loop, an automatic valve shall be installed to bypass all
heat pump water flow around the tower. c. If an open-circuit tower is used in conjunction with a
separate heat exchanger to isolate the tower from the heat
pump loop, then heat loss shall be controlled by shutting down
the circulation pump on the cooling tower loop. For hydronic heat pumps connected to a common heat pump
water loop with central devices for heat rejection (e.g.,
cooling tower) and having a total pump system power exceeding
10 hp, each hydronic heat pump shall have: a. A two-position two-way (but not three-way) valve, or b. A variable head pressure two-way (water regulating)
control valve or pump. For the purposes of this section, pump system power is
the sum of the nominal power demand (i.e., nameplate
horsepower at nominal motor efficiency) of motors of all pumps
that are required to operate at design conditions to supply
fluid from the heating or cooling source to all heat transfer
devices (e.g., coils, heat exchanger) and return it to the
source. This converts the system into a variable flow system
and, as such, the primary circulation pumps shall comply with
the variable flow requirements in Section 1438.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025. 93-21-052, §
51-11-1432, filed 10/18/93, effective 4/1/94.]
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045 and chapters
19.27, 19.27A, and 34.05 RCW. 05-01-013, § 51-11-1433, filed
12/2/04, effective 7/1/05. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 02-01-112, § 51-11-1433, filed
12/18/01, effective 7/1/02; 01-03-010, § 51-11-1433, filed
1/5/01, effective 7/1/01; 98-03-003, § 51-11-1433, filed
1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025. 93-21-052, § 51-11-1433, filed 10/18/93,
effective 4/1/94.] a. Variable speed drives, or (( b. Other controls and devices that will result in fan and
pump motor demand of no more than 30% of design wattage at 50%
of design air volume for fans when static pressure set point
equals 1/3 the total design static pressure, and 50% of design
water flow for pumps, based on manufacturer's certified test
data. Variable inlet vanes, throttling valves (dampers),
scroll dampers or bypass circuits shall not be allowed. Static pressure sensors used to control variable air
volume fans shall be placed in a position such that the
controller set point is no greater than 1/3 the total design
fan static pressure. For systems with direct digital control of individual
zone boxes reporting to the central control panel, there shall
be static pressure reset controls and the static pressure set
point shall be reset based on the zone requiring the most
pressure; i.e., the set point is reset lower until one zone
damper is nearly wide open.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 01-03-010,
§ 51-11-1438, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01. Statutory
Authority: RCW 19.27A.025. 93-21-052, § 51-11-1438, filed
10/18/93, effective 4/1/94.]
EXCEPTION:
Unstaffed equipment shelters or cabinets used solely for personal wireless service facilities.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 04-01-106, filed 12/17/03,
effective 7/1/04)
WAC 51-11-1412
Controls.
1412.1 Temperature Controls: Each system shall be provided
with at least one temperature control device. Each zone shall
be controlled by individual thermostatic controls responding
to temperature within the zone. At a minimum, each floor of a
building shall be considered as a separate zone.
1412.2 Deadband Controls: When used to control both comfort
heating and cooling, zone thermostatic controls shall be
capable of a deadband of at least 5 degrees F within which the
supply of heating and cooling energy to the zone is shut off
or reduced to a minimum.
1412.3 Humidity Controls: If a system is equipped with a
means for adding moisture, a humidistat shall be provided.EXCEPTIONS:
1. Special occupancy, special usage, or code requirements where deadband controls are not appropriate.
2. ((
Buildings complying with Section 1141.4, if in the proposed building energy analysis, heating and
cooling thermostat setpoints are set to the same temperature between 70 degrees F and 75 degrees F
inclusive, and assumed to be constant throughout the year.
3.)) Thermostats that require manual changeover between heating and cooling modes.
1412.4 Setback and Shutoff: HVAC systems shall be equipped
with automatic controls capable of accomplishing a reduction
of energy use through control setback or equipment shutdown
during periods of nonuse or alternate use of the spaces served
by the system. The automatic controls shall:
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Systems serving areas which require continuous operation at the same temperature setpoint.
2. Equipment with full load demands of 2 Kw (6,826 Btu/h) or less may be controlled by readily
accessible manual off-hour controls.
3. Systems controlled by an occupant sensor that is capable of shutting the system off when no
occupant is sensed for a period of up to 30 minutes.
4. Systems controlled solely by a manually operated timer capable of operating the system for no more
than two hours.
1412.4.1 Dampers: Outside air intakes, exhaust outlets and
relief outlets serving conditioned spaces shall be equipped
with motorized dampers which close automatically when the
system is off or upon power failure. Stair shaft and elevator
shaft smoke relief openings shall be equipped with normally
open (fails to open upon loss of power) dampers. These
dampers shall remain closed until activated by the fire alarm
system or other approved smoke detection system.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Systems serving areas which require continuous operation.
2. Combustion air intakes.
3. Gravity (nonmotorized) dampers are acceptable in buildings less than 3 stories in height.
4. Gravity (nonmotorized) dampers are acceptable in exhaust and relief outlets in the first story and
levels below the first story of buildings three or more stories in height.
5. Type 1 grease hoods exhaust.
Dampers installed to comply with this section, including
dampers integral to HVAC equipment, shall have a maximum
leakage rate when tested in accordance with AMCA Standard 500
of:
1412.4.2 Optimum Start Controls: Heating and cooling systems
with design supply air capacities exceeding 10,000 cfm shall
have optimum start controls. Optimum start controls shall be
designed to automatically adjust the start time of an HVAC
system each day to bring the space to desired occupied
temperature levels immediately before scheduled occupancy.
The control algorithm shall, as a minimum, be a function of
the difference between space temperature and occupied setpoint
and the amount of time prior to scheduled occupancy.
1412.5 Heat Pump Controls: Unitary air cooled heat pumps
shall include microprocessor controls that minimize
supplemental heat usage during start up, set-up, and defrost
conditions. These controls shall anticipate need for heat and
use compression heating as the first stage of heat. Controls
shall indicate when supplemental heating is being used through
visual means (e.g., LED indicators).
1412.6 Combustion Heating Equipment Controls: Combustion
heating equipment with a capacity over 225,000 Btu/h shall
have modulating or staged combustion control.
1412.7 Balancing: Each air supply outlet or air or water
terminal device shall have a means for balancing, including
but not limited to, dampers, temperature and pressure test
connections and balancing valves.EXCEPTIONS:
Boilers.
Radiant heaters.
1412.8 Ventilation Controls for High-Occupancy Areas. Demand
control ventilation (DCV) is required for spaces that are
larger than 500 ft2, have a design occupancy for ventilation of
greater than 40 people per 1000 ft2 of floor area, and are
served by systems with one or more of the following:
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Systems with energy recovery complying with Section 1436.
2. Multiple-zone systems without direct-digital control of individual zones communicating with a
central control panel.
3. Systems with a design outdoor airflow less than 1200 cfm.
4. Spaces where the supply airflow rate minus any makeup or outgoing transfer air requirement is less
than 1200 cfm.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 01-03-010, filed 1/5/01,
effective 7/1/01)
WAC 51-11-1416
Mechanical systems commissioning and
completion requirements.
((1416.1 Drawings: Construction documents shall require that
within 90 days after the date of system acceptance, record
drawings of the actual installation be provided to the
building owner. Record drawings shall include as a minimum
the location and performance data on each piece of equipment,
general configuration of duct and pipe distribution system,
including sizes, and the terminal air and water design flow
rates.
1416.2 Manuals: Construction documents shall require an
operating manual and maintenance manual be provided to the
building owner. The manual shall be in accordance with
industry accepted standards and shall include, at a minimum,
the following:
1. Submittal data stating equipment size and selected
options for each piece of equipment requiring maintenance.
2. Operation and maintenance manuals for each piece of
equipment requiring maintenance, except equipment not
furnished as part of the project. Required routine
maintenance actions shall be clearly identified.
3. Names and addresses of at least one service agency.
4. HVAC controls system maintenance and calibration
information, including wiring diagrams, schematics, and
control sequence descriptions. Desired or field determined
set points shall be permanently recorded on control drawings
at control devices, or, for digital control systems, in
programming comments.
5. A complete narrative of how each system is intended to
operate including suggested set points.
1416.3 System Balancing
1416.3.1)) 1416.1 General: Commissioning is a systematic
process of verification and documentation that ensures that
the selected building systems have been designed, installed,
and function properly, efficiently, and can be maintained in
accordance with the contract documents in order to satisfy the
building owner's design intent and operational requirements.
Drawing notes shall require commissioning and completion
requirements in accordance with Section 1416. Drawing notes
may refer to specifications for further requirements.
1416.1.1 Simple Systems: For simple systems, as defined in
Section 1421, and for warehouses and semi-heated spaces,
commissioning shall include, as a minimum:
1416.1.2 All Other Mechanical Systems: For all other
mechanical systems, commissioning shall include, as a minimum:
1416.2 Commissioning Requirements.
1416.2.1 Commissioning Plan: The plans shall require tests
mandated by this section be performed and the results
recorded. The plans shall require preparation of preliminary
and final reports of test procedures and results as described
herein. At a minimum, the plans shall identify the following
for each test:
1416.2.2 Systems Balancing.
1416.2.2.1 General: Construction documents shall require that
all HVAC systems be balanced in accordance with generally
accepted engineering standards. Air and water flow rates
shall be measured and adjusted to deliver final flow rates
within 10% of design rates, except variable flow distribution
systems need not be balanced upstream of the controlling
device (for example, VAV box or control valve). Construction
documents shall require a written balance report be provided
to the owner. Drawing notes may refer to specifications for
further systems balancing requirements.
((1416.3.2)) 1416.2.2.2 Air System Balancing: Air systems
shall be balanced in a manner to first minimize throttling
losses then, for fans with system power of greater than 1 hp,
fan speed shall be adjusted to meet design flow conditions.
((1416.3.3)) 1416.2.2.3 Hydronic System Balancing: Hydronic
systems shall be proportionately balanced in a manner to first
minimize throttling losses, then the pump impeller shall be
trimmed or pump speed shall be adjusted to meet design flow
conditions. ((Each hydronic system shall have either the
ability to measure pressure across the pump, or test ports at
each side of each pump.))
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Pumps with pump motors of 10 hp or less.
2. When throttling results in no greater than 5% of the nameplate horsepower draw above that required
if the impeller were trimmed.
((1416.4 Systems Commissioning
1416.4.1 Simple Systems: For simple systems, as defined in
Section 1421, and for warehouses and semi-heated spaces, HVAC
control systems shall be tested to ensure that control
devices, components, equipment and systems are calibrated,
adjusted and operate in accordance with approved plans and
specifications. Sequences of operation shall be functionally
tested to ensure they operate in accordance with approved
plans and specifications. A complete report of test
procedures and results shall be prepared and filed with the
owner. Drawing notes shall require commissioning in
accordance with this paragraph.
1416.4.2 Other Systems: All other HVAC control systems, and
other automatically controlled systems for which energy
consumption, performance, or mode of operation are regulated
by this code, shall be tested to ensure that control devices,
equipment and systems are calibrated, adjusted and operate in
accordance with approved plans and specifications. Sequences
of operation shall be functionally tested to ensure they
operate in accordance with approved plans and specifications.
1416.4.2.1 Documentation: Drawing notes shall require
commissioning in accordance with this section. Drawing notes
may refer to specifications for further commissioning
requirements. Plans and specifications shall require tests
mandated by this section be performed and the results
recorded. Plans and specifications shall require preparation
of preliminary and final reports of test procedures and
results as described in Section 1416.4.2.2. Plans and
specifications shall identify the following for each test:
1. Equipment and systems to be tested, including the
extent of sampling tests,
2. Functions to be tested (for example calibration,
economizer control, etc.),
3. Conditions under which the test shall be performed
(for example winter design conditions, full outside air,
etc.),
4. Measurable criteria for acceptable performance.
1416.4.2.2 Commissioning Reports
1416.4.2.2.1 Preliminary Commissioning Report: A preliminary
commissioning report of test procedures and results shall be
prepared. The preliminary report shall identify:
1. Deficiencies found during testing required by this
section which have not been corrected at the time of report
preparation and the anticipated date of correction.
2. Deferred tests which cannot be performed at the time
of report preparation due to climatic conditions.
3. Climatic conditions required for performance of the
deferred tests, and the anticipated date of each deferred
test.
1416.4.2.2.2)) Each hydronic system shall have either the
ability to measure pressure across the pump, or test ports at
each side of each pump.
1416.2.3 Functional Performance Testing.
1416.2.3.1 Equipment/Systems Testing: Functional Performance
Testing shall demonstrate the correct installation and
operation of each component, system, and system-to-system
intertie relationship in accordance with approved plans and
specifications. This demonstration is to prove the operation,
function, and maintenance serviceability for each of the
commissioned systems. Testing shall include all modes of
operation, including:
1416.2.3.2 Controls Testing: HVAC control systems shall be
tested to ensure that control devices, components, equipment
and systems are calibrated, adjusted and operate in accordance
with approved plans and specifications. Sequences of
operation shall be functionally tested to ensure they operate
in accordance with approved plans and specifications.
1416.2.4 Post Construction Commissioning.
1416.2.4.1 General: Construction documents shall require post
construction commissioning be provided to the building owner.
Drawing notes may refer to specifications for further
commissioning requirements. Post construction commissioning
shall include, as a minimum, review and approval of Operation
and Maintenance Materials, Record Drawings, and Systems
Operational Training.
1416.2.4.2 Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Manuals: The O&M
manual shall be in accordance with industry accepted standards
and shall include, at a minimum, the following:
Note:
Sequence of Operation is not acceptable as narrative for this requirement.
1416.2.4.3 Record Drawings: Record drawings shall include as
a minimum the location and performance data on each piece of
equipment, general configuration of duct and pipe distribution
system, including sizes, and the terminal air and water design
flow rates of the actual installation.
1416.2.4.4 Systems Operational Training: The training of the
appropriate maintenance staff for each equipment type and/or
system shall include, as a minimum, the following:
1416.2.5 Commissioning Reports.
1416.2.5.1 Preliminary Commissioning Report: A preliminary
report of commissioning test procedures and results shall be
completed and provided to the owner. The preliminary
commissioning report shall identify:
1416.2.5.2 Final Commissioning Report: A complete report of
test procedures and results shall be prepared and filed with
the owner. The Final Commissioning Report shall identify:
EXCEPTION:
Deferred tests which cannot be performed at the time of report preparation due to climatic conditions.
1416.3 Acceptance Requirements.
((1416.4.2.3)) 1416.3.1 Acceptance: Buildings or portions
thereof, required by this code to comply with this section,
shall not be issued a final certificate of occupancy until
such time that the building official determines that the
preliminary commissioning report required by ((this)) Section
1416.2.5.1 has been completed.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 93-21-052, filed 10/18/93,
effective 4/1/94)
WAC 51-11-1432
Controls.
1432.1 Setback and Shutoff: Systems that serve zones with
different uses, as defined in Table 15-1
1. Shall be served by separate systems, or
Exception:
Isolation or separate systems are not required for zones expected to operate continuously or expected to be
inoperative only when all other zones are inoperative.
1432.2 Systems Temperature Reset Controls
1432.2.1 Air Systems for Multiple Zones: Systems supplying
heated or cooled air to multiple zones shall include controls
which automatically reset supply air temperatures by
representative building loads or by outside air temperature.
Temperature shall be reset by at least 25 percent of the
design supply-air-to-room-air temperature difference.
Exception:
Where specified humidity levels are required to satisfy process needs, such as computer rooms or museums.
1432.2.2 Hydronic Systems: Systems with a design capacity of
((600,000)) 300,000 Btu/h or greater supplying heated or
mechanically refrigerated water ((to comfort conditioning
systems)) shall include controls which automatically reset
supply water temperatures by representative building loads
(including return water temperature) or by outside air
temperature. Temperature shall be reset by at least 25
percent of the design supply-to-return water temperature
differences.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Hydronic systems that use variable flow devices complying with Section 1438 to reduce pumping
energy.
2. Steam boilers.
3. Systems that provide heating with 100°F or lower supply temperature (e.g., water source heat pump
loops).
To limit the heat loss from the heat rejection device
(cooling tower), for hydronic heat pumps connected to a common
heat pump water loop with central devices for heat rejection
(e.g., cooling tower):
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 05-01-013, filed 12/2/04,
effective 7/1/05)
WAC 51-11-1433
Economizers.
Air economizers meeting the
requirements of Section 1413 shall be provided on all new
systems including those serving computer server rooms,
electronic equipment, radio equipment, telephone switchgear.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. High-efficiency cooling units with SEER and EER values more than 10% higher than minimum
efficiencies listed in Tables 14-1A, 14-1B and 14-1D, in the appropriate size category, using the same
test procedures. The total capacity of all systems without economizers shall not exceed 480,000 Btu/h
per building, or 20% of its air economizer capacity, whichever is greater. That portion of the
equipment serving Group R Occupancy is not included in determining the total capacity of all units
without economizers in a building. This exception shall not be used for RS-29 analysis nor include
unitary cooling equipment installed outdoors nor in a mechanical room adjacent to outdoors.
2. Chilled water terminal units connected to systems with chilled water generation equipment with COP
and IPLV values more than 10% higher than minimum efficiencies listed in Table 14-1C, in the
appropriate size category, using the same test procedures. The total capacity of all systems without
economizers shall not exceed 480,000 Btu/h per building, or 20% of its air economizer capacity,
whichever is greater. That portion of the equipment serving Group R Occupancy is not included in
determining the total capacity of all units without economizers in a building. This exception shall not
be used for RS-29 analysis.
3. Water-cooled refrigeration equipment provided with a water economizer meeting the requirements
of Section 1413. Water economizer capacity per building shall not exceed 500 tons. This exception
shall not be used for RS-29 analysis.
((
3.)) 4. Systems for which at least 75% of the annual energy used for mechanical cooling is provided
from site-recovery or site-solar energy source.
((
4.)) 5. Systems where special outside air filtration and treatment, for the reduction and treatment of
unusual outdoor contaminants, makes an air economizer infeasible.
((
5.)) 6. Systems that affect other systems (such as dehumidification and supermarket refrigeration
systems) so as to increase the overall building energy consumption. New humidification equipment shall
comply with Section 1413.4.
((
6.)) 7. Systems complying with all of the following criteria:
a. Consist of multiple water source heat pumps connected to a common water loop;
b. Have a minimum of 60% air economizer;
c. Have water source heat pumps with an EER at least 15% higher for cooling and a COP at least 15%
higher for heating than that specified in Section 1411;
d. Where provided, have a central boiler or furnace efficiency of:
i. 90% minimum for units up to 199,000 Btu/h; and
ii. 85% minimum for units above 199,000 Btu/h input; and
e. Provide heat recovery with a minimum 50% heat recovery effectiveness as defined in Section 1436
to preheat the outside air supply.
((
7.)) 8. For Group R Occupancy, cooling units installed outdoors or in a mechanical room adjacent to
outdoors with a total cooling capacity less than 20,000 Btu/h and other cooling units with a total
cooling capacity less than 54,000 Btu/h.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 01-03-010, filed 1/5/01,
effective 7/1/01)
WAC 51-11-1438
Variable flow systems and system
criteria.
For fans and pumps greater than 10 horsepower,
where the application involves variable flow, and water source
heat pump loops subject to the requirements of Section
1432.2.2, there shall be:variable flow devices
installed. Acceptable variable flow devices include variable
inlet vanes, variable blade pitch, and variable fan geometry.
Throttling valves (dampers), scroll dampers or bypass circuits
shall not be allowed.))
1438.1 Cooling Towers: All cooling towers with a total fan
motor horsepower greater than 10 hp shall be equipped with a
variable speed drive or with a pony motor of a rated hp no
greater than 1/3 of the hp of the primary motor. For pony
motors, the cooling tower control shall provide two-stage
operation of fans and shall bring on the pony motor to operate
without the primary motor while meeting the condenser water
setpoint.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 05-01-013, filed 12/2/04,
effective 7/1/05)
WAC 51-11-1454
Pool covers.
Heated pools shall be
equipped with a vapor retardant pool cover on or at the water
surface. Pools heated to more than 90 degrees F shall have a
pool cover with a minimum insulation value of R-12.
Unitary Air Conditioners and Condensing Units, Electrically Operated, Minimum Efficiency Requirements
| Equipment Type | Size Category | Sub-Category or Rating Condition | Minimum Efficiencyb | Test Procedurea |
| Air Conditioners, Air Cooled | < 65,000 Btu/hd | Split System | ARI 210/240 | |
| (( |
||||
| (( |
||||
| Single Package | ||||
| (( |
||||
| (( |
||||
| ≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 135,000 Btu/h |
Split System and Single Package |
10.3 EERc | ||
| On or after Jan 1, 2010e | 10.6 IPLVc | |||
| 11.2 EERc | ||||
| ≥ 135,000 Btu/h and < 240,000 Btu/h |
Split System and Single Package |
9.7 EERc | ARI 340/360 | |
| On or after Jan 1, 2010e | 9.9 IPLVc | |||
| 11.0 EERc | ||||
| ≥ 240,000 Btu/h and < 760,000 Btu/h |
Split System and Single Package |
9.5 EERc 9.7 IPLVc |
||
| On or after Jan 1, 2010e | 10.0 EERc | |||
| ≥ 760,000 Btu/h | Split System and Single Package |
9.2 EERc 9.4 IPLVc |
||
| On or after Jan 1, 2010e | 9.7 EERc | |||
| Through-the-Wall, Air Cooled | < 30,000 Btu/hd | Split System | ARI 210/240 | |
| (( |
||||
| On or after January
23, (( |
(( |
|||
| Single Package | ||||
| (( |
||||
| On or after January
23, (( |
(( |
|||
| Small-Duct High-Velocity, Air Cooled | < 65,000 Btu/hd | Split System | 10.0 SEER | ARI 210/240 |
| Air Conditioners, Water and Evaporatively Cooled | < 65,000 Btu/h | Split System and Single Package |
12.1 EER | ARI 210/240 |
| ≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 135,000 Btu/h |
Split System and Single Package |
11.5 EERc | ||
| ≥ 135,000 Btu/h and ≤ 240,000 Btu/h |
Split System and Single Package |
11.0 EERc | ARI 340/360 | |
| > 240,000 Btu/h | Split System and Single Package |
11.0 EERc 10.3 IPLVc |
||
| Condensing Units, Air Cooled | ≥ 135,000 Btu/h | 10.1 EER 11.2 IPLV |
ARI 365 | |
| Condensing Units, Water or Evaporatively Cooled | ≥ 135,000 Btu/h | 13.1 EER 13.1 IPLV |
||
| a Reserved. b IPLVs are only applicable to equipment with capacity modulation. c Deduct 0.2 from the required EERs and IPLVs for units with a heating section other than electric resistance heat. dApplies to all units, including single-phase and three-phase. For single-phase air-cooled air-conditioners <
65,000 Btu/h (( e Date of manufacture, as regulated by NAECA. |
||||
Unitary and Applied Heat Pumps, Electrically Operated, Minimum Efficiency Requirements
| Equipment Type | Size Category | Sub-Category or Rating Condition | Minimum Efficiencyb | Test Procedurea |
| Air Cooled, (Cooling Mode) | < 65,000 Btu/hd | Split System | ARI 210/240 | |
| (( |
||||
| (( |
||||
| Single Package | ||||
| (( |
||||
| (( |
||||
| ≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 135,000 Btu/h |
Split System and Single Package |
10.1 EERc 10.4 IPLVc |
||
| On or after Jan 1, 2010e | 11.0 EERc | |||
| ≥ 135,000 Btu/h and < 240,000 Btu/h |
Split System and Single Package |
9.3 EERc 9.5 IPLVc |
ARI 340/360
|
|
| On or after Jan 1, 2010e | 10.6 EERc | |||
| ≥ 240,000 Btu/h | Split System and Single Package |
9.0 EERc 9.2 IPLVc |
||
| On or after Jan 1, 2010e | 9.5 EERc | |||
| Through-the-Wall (Air Cooled, Cooling Mode) | < 30,000 Btu/hd | Split System | ARI 210/240 | |
| (( |
||||
| On or after January 23,
(( |
(( |
|||
| Single Package | ||||
| (( |
||||
| On or after January 23,
(( |
(( |
|||
| Small-Duct High-Velocity (Air Cooled, Cooling Mode) | < 65,000 Btu/hd | Split System | 10.0 SEER | ARI 210/240 |
| Water-Source (Cooling Mode) |
< 17,000 Btu/h | 86°F Entering Water | 11.2 EER | ARI/ISO-13256-1 |
| ≥ 17,000 Btu/h and < 65,000 Btu/h |
86°F Entering Water | 12.0 EER | ARI/ISO-13256-1 | |
| ≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 135,000 Btu/h |
86°F Entering Water | 12.0 EER | ARI/ISO-13256-1 | |
| Groundwater-Source (Cooling Mode) | < 135,000 Btu/h | 59°F Entering Water | 16.2 EER | ARI/ISO-13256-1 |
| Ground Source (Cooling Mode)
|
< 135,000 Btu/h | 77°F Entering Water | 13.4 EER | ARI/ISO-13256-1 |
| Air Cooled (Heating Mode) |
< 65,000 Btu/hd (Cooling Capacity) |
Split System | ARI 210/240 | |
| (( |
||||
| (( |
||||
| Single Package | ||||
| (( |
||||
| (( |
||||
| ≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 135,000 Btu/h (Cooling Capacity) |
47°F db/43°F wb
Outdoor Air On or after January 1, 2010e |
3.2 COP
|
||
| 17°F db/15°F wb Outdoor Air | 2.2 COP | |||
| ≥ 135,000 Btu/h (Cooling Capacity) |
47°F db/43°F wb
Outdoor Air On or after January 1, 2010e |
3.1 COP
|
ARI 340/360
|
|
| 17°F db/15°F wb Outdoor Air | 2.0 COP | |||
| Through-the-Wall (Air Cooled, Heating Mode) | < 30,000 Btu/hd | Split System | 7.1 HSPF | ARI 210/240 |
| (( |
||||
| On or after January 23,
(( |
(( |
|||
| Single Package | 7.0 HSPF | |||
| (( |
||||
| On or after January 23,
(( |
(( |
|||
| Small-Duct High-Velocity (Air Cooled, Heating Mode) | < 65,000 Btu/hd | Split System | 6.8 HSPF | ARI 210/240 |
| Water-Source (Heating Mode) |
< 135,000 Btu/h (Cooling Capacity) |
68°F Entering Water | 4.2 COP | ARI/ISO-13256-1 |
| Groundwater-Source (Heating Mode) |
< 135,000 Btu/h (Cooling Capacity) |
50°F Entering Water | 3.6 COP | ARI/ISO-13256-1 |
| Ground Source (Heating Mode) |
< 135,000 Btu/h (Cooling Capacity) |
32°F Entering Water | 3.1 COP | ARI/ISO-13256-1 |
| a Reserved. b IPLVs and part load rating conditions are only applicable to equipment with capacity modulation. c Deduct 0.2 from the required EERs and IPLVs for units with a heating section other than electric resistance heat. d Applies to all units, including single-phase and three-phase. For single-phase air-cooled heat pumps < 65,000
Btu/h (( e Date of manufacture, as regulated by NAECA. |
||||
Water Chilling Packages, Minimum Efficiency Requirements
| Equipment Type | Size Category | Sub-Category or Rating Condition | Minimum Efficiencyb |
Test Procedurea |
| Air Cooled, With Condenser, Electrically Operated |
All Capacities | 2.80 COP 3.05 IPLV |
ARI 550/590 | |
| Air Cooled, Without Condenser, Electrically Operated |
All Capacities | 3.10 COP 3.45 IPLV |
||
| Water Cooled, Electrically
Operated, Positive
Displacement (Reciprocating) |
All Capacities | 4.20 COP 5.05 IPLV |
ARI 550/590 | |
| Water Cooled, Electrically Operated, Positive Displacement (Rotary Screw and Scroll) |
< 150 Tons | 4.45 COP 5.20 IPLV |
ARI 550/590 | |
| ≥ 150 Tons and < 300 Tons |
4.90 COP 5.60 IPLV |
|||
| ≥ 300 Tons | 5.50 COP 6.15 IPLV |
|||
| Water Cooled, Electrically Operated, Centrifugal | < 150 Tons | 5.00 COP 5.25 IPLV |
ARI 550/590 | |
| ≥ 150 Tons and < 300 Tons |
5.55 COP 5.90 IPLV |
|||
| ≥ 300 Tons | 6.10 COP 6.40 IPLV |
|||
| Air Cooled Absorption Single Effect |
All Capacities | 0.60 COP |
|
|
| Water Cooled Absorption Single Effect |
All Capacities | 0.70 COP | ||
| Absorption Double Effect, Indirect-Fired |
All Capacities | 1.00 COP 1.05 IPLV |
ARI 560 | |
| Absorption Double Effect, Direct-Fired |
All Capacities | 1.00 COP 1.00 IPLV |
||
| a Reserved. b The chiller equipment requirements do not apply for chillers used in low temperature applications where the design leaving fluid temperature is less than or equal to 40°F. |
||||
Packaged Terminal Air Conditioners, Packaged Terminal Heat Pumps, Room Air Conditioners, and Room Air Conditioner Heat Pumps, Electrically Operated, Minimum Efficiency Requirements
| Equipment Type | Size Category (Input) | Sub-Category or Rating Condition | Minimum Efficiencyb |
Test Procedurea |
| PTAC (Cooling Mode) New Construction |
All Capacities | 95°F db Outdoor Air | 12.5 - (0.213 x Cap/1000)b EER |
|
| PTAC (Cooling Mode) Replacementsc | All Capacities | 95°F db Outdoor Air | 10.9 - (0.213 x Cap/1000)b EER | ARI 310/380 |
| PTHP (Cooling Mode) New Construction |
All Capacities | 95°F db Outdoor Air | 12.3 - (0.213 x Cap/1000)b EER | |
| PTHP (Cooling Mode) Replacementsc |
All Capacities | 95°F db Outdoor Air | 10.8 - (0.213 x Cap/1000)b EER | |
| PTHP (Heating Mode) New Construction |
All Capacities |
|
3.2 - (0.026 x Cap/1000)b COP | |
| PTHP (Heating Mode) Replacementsc |
All Capacities | 2.9 - (0.026 x Cap/1000)b COP |
|
|
| SPVAC (Cooling Mode) | All Capacities | 95°F db/75°F wb Outdoor Air | 8.6 EER | ARI-390 |
| SPVHP (Cooling Mode) | All Capacities | 95°F db/75°F wb Outdoor Air | 8.6 EER | |
| SPVAC (Heating Mode) | All Capacities | 47°F db/43°F wb Outdoor Air | 2.7 COP | |
| Room Air Conditioners, with Louvered Sides | < 6,000 Btu/h | 9.7 EER | ANSI/AHAM RAC-1 | |
| ≥ 6,000 Btu/h and < 8,000 Btu/h |
9.7 EER | |||
| ≥ 8,000 Btu/h and < 14,000 Btu/h |
9.8 EER | |||
| ≥ 14,000 Btu/h
and < 20,000 Btu/h |
9.7 EER | |||
| ≥ 20,000 Btu/h | 8.5 EER | |||
| Room Air Conditioners, without Louvered Sides | < 8,000 Btu/h | 9.0 EER | ||
| ≥ 8,000 Btu/h and < 20,000 Btu/h |
8.5 EER | |||
| ≥ 20,000 Btu/h | 8.5 EER | |||
| Room Air Conditioner Heat Pumps with Louvered Sides | < 20,000 Btu/h | 9.0 EER | ||
| ≥ 20,000 Btu/h | 8.5 EER | |||
| Room Air Conditioner Heat Pumps without Louvered Sides | < 14,000 Btu/h | 8.5 EER | ||
| ≥ 14,000 Btu/h | 8.0 EER | |||
| Room Air Conditioner, Casement Only | All Capacities | 8.7 EER | ||
| Room Air Conditioner, Casement –Slider | All Capacities | 9.5 EER | ||
| a Reserved. b Cap means the rated cooling capacity of the product in Btu/h. If the unit's capacity is less than 7000 Btu/h, use 7000 Btu/h in the calculation. If the unit's capacity is greater than 15,000 Btu/h, use 15,000 Btu/h in the calculation. c Replacement units must be factory labeled as follows: "MANUFACTURED FOR REPLACEMENT APPLICATIONS ONLY; NOT TO BE INSTALLED IN NEW CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS." Replacement efficiencies apply only to units with existing sleeves less than 16-in. high and less than 42-in. wide. d Casement room air conditioners are not separate product classes under current minimum efficiency column. e New room air conditioner standards, covered by NAECA became effective October 1, 2000. |
||||
Warm Air Furnaces and Combination Warm Air Furnaces/Air-Conditioning Units, Warm Air Duct Furnaces and Unit Heaters, Minimum Efficiency Requirements
| Equipment Type | Size Category (Input) | Sub-Category or Rating Condition | Minimum Efficiencyb | Test Procedurea |
| Warm Air Furnace, Gas-Fired |
< 225,000 Btu/h (66 kW) |
78% AFUE or 80% Etc |
DOE 10 CFR Part 430 or ANSI Z21.47 |
|
| ≥ 225,000 Btu/h (66 kW) |
Maximum Capacityc
|
80% Ecf | ANSI Z21.47 | |
| Warm Air Furnace, Oil-Fired |
< 225,000 Btu/h (66 kW) |
78% AFUE or
|
DOE 10 CFR Part
430 or UL 727 |
|
| ≥ 225,000 Btu/h (66 kW) |
Maximum Capacityb
|
81% Etg ____
|
UL 727 | |
| Warm Air Duct Furnaces, Gas-Fired |
All Capacities | Maximum Capacityb
|
80% Ece ____
|
ANSI Z83.9 |
| Warm Air Unit Heaters, Gas-Fired |
All Capacities | Maximum Capacityb
|
80% Ece ____
|
ANSI Z83.8
|
| Warm Air Unit Heaters, Oil-Fired |
All Capacities | Maximum Capacityb
|
80% Ece ____
|
UL 731 |
| a Reserved. b Minimum and maximum ratings as provided for and allowed by the unit's controls. c Combination units not covered by NAECA (3-phase power or cooling capacity greater than or equal to 65,000 Btu/h [19 kW]) may comply with either rating. d Et = Thermal efficiency. See test procedure for detailed discussion. e Ec = Combustion efficiency (100% less flue losses). See test procedure for detailed discussion. f Ec = Combustion efficiency. Units must also include an IID, have jacket losses not exceeding 0.75% of the input rating, and have either power venting or a flue damper. A vent damper is an acceptable alternative to a flue damper for those furnaces where combustion air is drawn from the conditioned space. g Et = Thermal efficiency. Units must also include an IID, have jacket losses not exceeding 0.75% of the input rating, and have either power venting or a flue damper. A vent damper is an acceptable alternative to a flue damper for those furnaces where combustion air is drawn from the conditioned space. |
||||
Boilers, Gas- and Oil-Fired, Minimum Efficiency Requirements
| Equipment Typef | Size Category | Sub-Category or Rating Condition | Minimum Efficiencyb | Test Procedure |
| Boilers, Gas-Fired | < 300,000 Btu/h | Hot Water | 80% AFUE | DOE 10 CFR Part 430 |
| Steam | 75% AFUE | |||
| ≥ 300,000 Btu/h and ≤ 2,500,000 Btu/h | Maximum Capacityb | 75% Et and 80% Ec | (( |
|
| > 2,500,000
Btu/h(( |
Hot Water | 80% Ec | ||
| > 2,500,000
Btu/h(( |
Steam | 80% Ec | ||
| Boilers, Oil-Fired | < 300,000 Btu/h | 80% AFUE | DOE 10 CFR Part 430 |
|
| ≥ 300,000 Btu/h and ≤ 2,500,000 Btu/h | Maximum Capacityb | 78% Et and 83% Ec | (( |
|
| > 2,500,000
Btu/h(( |
Hot Water | 83% Ec | ||
| > 2,500,000
Btu/h(( |
Steam | 83% Ec | ||
| Oil-Fired (Residual) | ≥ 300,000 Btu/h
and ≤ 2,500,000 Btu/h |
Maximum Capacityb | 78% Et and 83% Ec | (( |
| > 2,500,000
Btu/h(( |
Hot Water | 83% Ec | ||
| > 2,500,000
Btu/h(( |
Steam | 83% Ec | ||
| a (( b Minimum and maximum ratings as provided for and allowed by the unit's controls. (( (( (( f These requirements apply to boilers with rated input of 8,000,000 Btu/h or less that are not packaged boilers, and to all packaged boilers. Minimum efficiency requirements for boilers cover all capacities of packaged boilers.)) |
||||
Performance Requirements for Heat Rejection Equipment
| Equipment Type | Total System Heat Rejection Capacity at Rated Conditions | Sub-Category or Rating Condition | Minimum Efficiencyb | Test Procedurec |
| Propeller or Axial Fan Cooling Towers | All | 95°F (35°C) Entering Water 85°F (29°C) Leaving Water 75°F (24°C) wb Outdoor Air |
≥38.2 gpm/hp | CTI ATC-105 and CTI STD-201 |
| Centrifugal Fan Cooling Towers | All | 95°F (35°C) Entering Water 85°F (29°C) Leaving Water 75°F (24°C) wb Outdoor Air |
≥ 20.0 gpm/hp | CTI ATC-105 and CTI STD-201 |
| Air Cooled Condensers | All | 125°F (52°C) Condensing
Temperature R22 Test Fluid 190°F (88°C) Entering Gas Temperature 15°F (8°C) Subcooling 95°F (35°C) Entering Drybulb |
≥176,000 Btu/h•hp | ARI 460 |
| a For purposes of this table, cooling tower performance is defined as the maximum flow rating of the tower divided
by the fan nameplate rated motor power. b For purposes of this table air-cooled condenser performance is defined as the heat rejected from the refrigerant divided by the fan nameplate rated motor power. c Reserved. |
||||
TABLE 14-4
Energy Efficient Electric Motors
Minimum Nominal Full-Load Efficiency
| Open Motors | Closed Motors | |||||
| Synchronous Speed (RPM) |
3,600 | 1,800 | 1,200 | 3,600 | 1,800 | 1,200 |
| HP | Efficiency | Efficiency | Efficiency | Efficiency | Efficiency | Efficiency |
| 1.0 | - | 82.5 | 80.0 | 75.5 | 82.5 | 80.0 |
| 1.5 | 82.5 | 84.0 | 84.0 | 82.5 | 84.0 | 85.5 |
| 2.0 | 84.0 | 84.0 | 85.5 | 84.0 | 84.0 | 86.5 |
| 3.0 | 84.0 | 86.5 | 86.5 | 85.5 | 87.5 | 87.5 |
| 5.0 | 85.5 | 87.5 | 87.5 | 87.5 | 87.5 | 87.5 |
| 7.5 | 87.5 | 88.5 | 88.5 | 88.5 | 89.5 | 89.5 |
| 10.0 | 88.5 | 89.5 | 90.2 | 89.5 | 89.5 | 89.5 |
| 15.0 | 89.5 | 91.0 | 90.2 | 90.2 | 91.0 | 90.2 |
| 20.0 | 90.2 | 91.0 | 91.0 | 90.2 | 91.0 | 90.2 |
| 25.0 | 91.0 | 91.7 | 91.7 | 91.0 | 92.4 | 91.7 |
| 30.0 | 91.0 | 92.4 | 92.4 | 91.0 | 92.4 | 91.7 |
| 40.0 | 91.7 | 93.0 | 93.0 | 91.7 | 93.0 | 93.0 |
| 50.0 | 92.4 | 93.0 | 93.0 | 92.4 | 93.0 | 93.0 |
| 60.0 | 93.0 | 93.6 | 93.6 | 93.0 | 93.6 | 93.6 |
| 75.0 | 93.0 | 94.1 | 93.6 | 93.0 | 94.1 | 93.6 |
| 100.0 | 93.0 | 94.1 | 94.1 | 93.6 | 94.5 | 94.1 |
| 125.0 | 93.6 | 94.5 | 94.1 | 94.5 | 94.5 | 94.1 |
| 150.0 | 93.6 | 95.0 | 94.5 | 94.5 | 95.0 | 95.0 |
| 200.0 | 94.5 | 95.0 | 94.5 | 95.0 | 95.0 | 95.0 |
TABLE 14-5
Duct Insulation
| Duct Type | Duct Location | Insulation R-Value |
Other Requirements |
| Supply, Return | Not within conditioned space: On exterior of building, on roof, in attic, in enclosed ceiling space, in walls, in garage, in crawl spaces | R-7 | Approved weather proof barrier |
| Outside air intake | Within conditioned space | R-7 | See Section 1414.2 |
| Supply, Return, Outside air intake | Not within conditioned space: in concrete, in ground | R-5.3 | |
| Supply with supply air
temperature < 55°F or > 105°F |
Within conditioned space | R-3.3 |
| Note: | Requirements apply to the duct type listed, whether heated or mechanically cooled. Mechanically cooled ducts requiring insulation shall have a vapor retarder, with a perm rating not greater than 0.5 and all joints sealed. |
TABLE 14-6
Minimum Pipe Insulation (inches)1
| Fluid Design Operating Temp. Range, °F |
Insulation Conductivity | Nominal Pipe Diameter (in.) | ||||||
| Conductivity Range Btu•in. / (h•ft2•°F) |
Mean Rating Temp. °F |
Runouts2 up to 2 |
1
and less |
> 1 to 2 | > 2 to 4 | > 4 to 6 | > 6 | |
| Heating systems (Steam, Steam Condensate[,] and Hot water) | Nominal Insulation Thickness | |||||||
| Above 350 251-350 201-250 141-200 105-140 |
0.32-0.34 0.29-0.31 0.27-0.30 0.25-0.29 0.24-0.28 |
250 200 150 125 100 |
1.5 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.5 |
2.5 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.0 |
2.5 2.5 1.5 1.5 1.0 |
3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 |
3.5 3.5 2.0 1.5 1.5 |
3.5 3.5 3.5 1.5 1.5 |
| Domestic and Service Hot Water Systems | ||||||||
| 105 and Greater | 0.24-0.28 | 100 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 |
| Cooling Systems (Chilled Water, Brine[,] and Refrigerant) | ||||||||
| 40-55 Below 40 |
0.23-0.27 0.23-0.27 |
75 75 |
0.5 1.0 |
0.5 1.0 |
0.75 1.5 |
1.0 1.5 |
1.0 1.5 |
1.0 1.5 |
| 1. | Alternative Insulation Types. Insulation thicknesses in Table 14-6 are based on insulation with thermal conductivities within the range listed in Table14-6 for each fluid operating temperature range, rated in accordance with ASTM C 335-84 at the mean temperature listed in the table. For insulation that has a conductivity outside the range shown in Table 14-6 for the applicable fluid operating temperature range at the mean rating temperature shown (when rounded to the nearest 0.01 Btu•in./(h•ft2•°F)), the minimum thickness shall be determined in accordance with the following equation: |
| T= PR[(1+ t/PR)K/k - 1] |
| Where |
| T = | Minimum insulation thickness for material with conductivity K, inches. |
| PR = | Pipe actual outside radius, inches. |
| t = | Insulation thickness from Table 14-6, inches |
| K = | conductivity of alternate material at the mean rating temperature indicated in Table 14-6 for the applicable fluid temperature range, Btu•in./(h•ft2•°F) |
| k = | the lower value of the conductivity range listed in Table 14-6 for the applicable fluid temperature range, Btu •in./(h•ft2•°F) |
| 2. | Runouts to individual terminal units not exceeding 12 ft. in length. |
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045 and chapters 19.27, 19.27A, and 34.05 RCW. 05-01-013, § 51-11-1454, filed 12/2/04, effective 7/1/05. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 02-01-112, § 51-11-1454, filed 12/18/01, effective 7/1/02; 01-03-010, § 51-11-1454, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01; 98-03-003, § 51-11-1454, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025. 93-21-052, § 51-11-1454, filed 10/18/93, effective 4/1/94.]
Reviser's note: The brackets and enclosed material in the text of the above section occurred in the copy filed by the agency and appear in the Register pursuant to the requirements of RCW 34.08.040.CHAPTER 15
LIGHTING ((AND)), MOTORS AND TRANSFORMERS
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 93-21-052, filed 10/18/93,
effective 4/1/94)
WAC 51-11-1501
Scope.
Interior and exterior lighting
((and)), electric motors and transformers shall comply with
the requirements of this chapter.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025. 93-21-052, § 51-11-1501, filed 10/18/93, effective 4/1/94.]
a. Prescriptive Standards:
Interior Section 1521, or
Exterior Section 1522.
b. Component Performance:
Interior Section 1531, or
Exterior Section 1532.
c. Systems Analysis. See Section 1141.4.
The compliance path selected for interior and exterior
lighting need not be the same. However, interior and exterior
lighting cannot be traded.
Transformers shall comply with Section 1540.
| Section Number |
Subject | Prescriptive Option |
Lighting Power Allowance Option |
Systems Analysis Option |
| 1510 1511 1512 1513 1514 |
General Requirements Electric Motors Exempt Lighting Lighting Controls Exit Signs |
X X X X X |
X X X X X |
X X X X X |
| 1520 1521 1522 |
Prescriptive Lighting Option Prescriptive Interior Lighting Requirements Prescriptive Exterior Lighting Requirements |
X X Sec. 1532 |
||
| 1530 1531 1532 |
Lighting Power Allowance Option Interior Lighting Power Allowance Exterior Lighting Power Allowance |
X X X |
||
| 1540 | Transformers | X | X | X |
| RS-29 | Systems Analysis | X |
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025. 93-21-052, § 51-11-1510, filed 10/18/93, effective 4/1/94.]
1512.1 Exempt Spaces: The following rooms, spaces, and areas,
are exempt from the lighting power requirements in Sections
1520 and 1530 but shall comply with all other requirements of
this chapter.
| 1. | Areas in which medical or dental tasks are performed. |
| 2. | High risk security areas or any area identified by building officials as requiring additional lighting. |
| 3. | Spaces designed for primary use by the visually impaired, hard of hearing (lip-reading) or by senior citizens. |
| 4. | Food preparation areas. |
| 5. | (( |
| Electrical/mechanical equipment rooms. | |
| (( |
|
| Inspection and restoration areas in galleries and museums. | |
| (( |
The sanctuary portion of a house of worship, defined as the space or room where the worship service takes place. Classrooms, meeting rooms, offices and multipurpose rooms that are part of the same facility are not exempt. |
| 1. | Special lighting needs for research. |
| 2. | Emergency lighting that is automatically OFF during normal building operation. |
| 3. | (( |
| Lighting that is part of machines, equipment or furniture. | |
| (( |
Lighting that is used solely for indoor plant growth during the hours of 10:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m. |
| (( |
Lighting for theatrical productions, television broadcasting (including sports facilities), audio-visual presentations, and special effects lighting for stage areas and dance floors in entertainment facilities. |
| (( |
Lighting for art exhibits, nonretail displays, portable plug in display fixtures, and show case lighting. |
| (( |
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 01-03-010, § 51-11-1512, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01; 98-03-003, § 51-11-1512, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025. 93-21-052, § 51-11-1512, filed 10/18/93, effective 4/1/94.]
1513.1 Local Control and Accessibility: Each space, enclosed
by walls or ceiling-height partitions, shall be provided with
lighting controls located within that space. The lighting
controls, whether one or more, shall be capable of turning off
all lights within the space. The controls shall be readily
accessible, at the point of entry/exit, to personnel occupying
or using the space.
| EXCEPTIONS: | The following lighting controls may be centralized in remote locations: |
| 1. Lighting controls for spaces which must be used as a whole. | |
| 2. Automatic controls. | |
| 3. Controls requiring trained operators. | |
| 4. Controls for safety hazards and security. |
Contiguous daylight zones adjacent to vertical glazing
are allowed to be controlled by a single controlling device
provided that they do not include zones facing more than two
adjacent cardinal orientations (i.e. north, east, south,
west). Daylight zones under overhead glazing more than 15
feet from the perimeter shall be controlled separately from
daylight zones adjacent to vertical glazing. a. A combination of a photosensor and a time switch; or b. An astronomical time switch. Lighting designated for dusk-to-dawn operation shall be
controlled by an astronomical time switch or photosensor. All
time switches shall be capable of retaining programming and
the time setting during loss of power for a period of at least
10 hours. Automatic time switches shall incorporate an over-ride
switching device which:
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045 and chapters
19.27, 19.27A, and 34.05 RCW. 05-01-013, § 51-11-1513, filed
12/2/04, effective 7/1/05. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 01-03-010, § 51-11-1513, filed
1/5/01, effective 7/1/01. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025. 93-21-052, § 51-11-1513, filed 10/18/93,
effective 4/1/94.]
[] a. One- or two-lamp (but not three- or more lamp); b. Luminaires have a reflector or louver assembly to
direct the light (bare lamp strip or industrial fixtures do
not comply with this section); c. Fitted with type T-1, T-2, T-4, T-5, T-8 or compact
fluorescent lamps from 5 to 60 watts (but not T-10 or T-12
lamps); and d. Hard-wired fluorescent electronic dimming ballasts
with photocell or programmable dimming control for all lamps
in all zones (nondimming electronic ballasts and electronic
ballasts that screw into medium base sockets do not comply
with this section).
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045 and chapters
19.27, 19.27A, and 34.05 RCW. 05-01-013, § 51-11-1521, filed
12/2/04, effective 7/1/05. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 01-03-010, § 51-11-1521, filed
1/5/01, effective 7/1/01. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025. 93-21-052, § 51-11-1521, filed 10/18/93,
effective 4/1/94.] a.)) Luminaire wattage incorporated into the installed
interior lighting power shall be determined in accordance with
the following criteria: a. The wattage of incandescent or tungsten-halogen
luminaires with medium screw base sockets and not containing
permanently installed ballasts shall be the maximum labeled
wattage of the luminaire. b. The wattage of luminaires with permanently installed
or remote ballasts or transformers shall be the operating
input wattage of the maximum lamp/auxiliary combination based
on values from the auxiliary manufacturer's literature or
recognized testing laboratories or shall be the maximum
labeled wattage of the luminaire. c. For line voltage track(( 1. The specified wattage of the luminaires included in
the system with a minimum of 50 watts per lineal foot of track
or actual (( (( d. The wattage of low-voltage lighting track, cable
conductor, rail conductor, and other flexible lighting systems
that allow the addition and/or relocation of luminaires
without altering the wiring of the system shall be the
specified wattage of the transformer supplying the system. e. The wattage of all other miscellaneous lighting
equipment shall be the specified wattage of the lighting
equipment.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 01-03-010,
§ 51-11-1530, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01; 98-03-003, §
51-11-1530, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory
Authority: RCW 19.27A.025. 93-21-052, § 51-11-1530, filed
10/18/93, effective 4/1/94.] (watts/sq.
ft.) 1532 TABLE 15-1 (watts/sq.
ft.)
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Industrial or manufacturing process areas, as may be required for production.
2. Areas less than five percent of footprint for footprints over 100,000 square feet.
1513.3 Daylight Zone Control: All daylighted zones, as
defined in Chapter 2, both under overhead glazing and adjacent
to vertical glazing, shall be provided with individual
controls, or daylight-or occupant-sensing automatic controls,
which control the lights independent of general area lighting.
EXCEPTION:
Daylight spaces enclosed by walls or ceiling height partitions and containing 2 or fewer light fixtures
are not required to have a separate switch for general area lighting.
1513.4 Display, Exhibition, and Specialty Lighting Controls:
All display, exhibition, or specialty lighting shall be
controlled independently of general area lighting.
1513.5 Automatic Shut-Off Controls, Exterior: ((Exterior
lighting not intended for 24-hour continuous use shall be
automatically switched by timer, photocell, or a combination
of timer and photocell. Automatic time switches must also
have program back-up capabilities, which prevent the loss of
program and time settings for at least 10 hours, if power is
interrupted.)) Lighting for all exterior applications shall
have automatic controls capable of turning off exterior
lighting when sufficient daylight is available or when the
lighting is not required during nighttime hours. Lighting not
designated for dusk-to-dawn operation shall be controlled by
either:
EXCEPTION:
Lighting for covered vehicle entrances or exits from buildings or parking structures where required for safety,
security, or eye adaptation.
1513.6 Automatic Shut-Off Controls, Interior: Buildings
greater than 5,000 sq. ft. and all school classrooms shall be
equipped with separate automatic controls to shut off the
lighting during unoccupied hours. Within these buildings, all
office areas less than 300 ft2 enclosed by walls or
ceiling-height partitions, and all meeting and conference
rooms, and all school classrooms, shall be equipped with
occupancy sensors that comply with Section 1513.6.1. For
other spaces, automatic controls may be an occupancy sensor,
time switch, or other device capable of automatically shutting
off lighting.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Areas that must be continuously illuminated (e.g., 24-hour convenience stores), or illuminated in a
manner requiring manual operation of the lighting.
2. Emergency lighting systems.
3. Switching for industrial or manufacturing process facilities as may be required for production.
4. Hospitals and laboratory spaces.
5. Areas in which medical or dental tasks are performed are exempt from the occupancy sensor
requirement.
1513.6.1 Occupancy Sensors: Occupancy sensors shall be
capable of automatically turning off all the lights in an
area, no more than 30 minutes after the area has been vacated.
Light fixtures controlled by occupancy sensors shall have a
wall-mounted, manual switch capable of turning off lights when
the space is occupied.
EXCEPTION:
Occupancy sensors in stairwells are allowed to have two step lighting (high-light and low-light) provided the
control fails in the high-light position.
1513.6.2 Automatic Time Switches: Automatic time switches
shall have a minimum 7 day clock and be capable of being set
for 7 different day types per week and incorporate an
automatic holiday "shut-off" feature, which turns off all
loads for at least 24 hours and then resumes normally
scheduled operations. Automatic time switches shall also have
program back-up capabilities, which prevent the loss of
program and time settings for at least 10 hours, if power is
interrupted.
a.
Is readily accessible;
b.
Is located so that a person using the device can see
the lights or the areas controlled by the switch, or
so that the area being illuminated is annunciated;
and
c.
Is manually operated;
d.
Allows the lighting to remain on for no more than
two hours when an over-ride is initiated; and
e.
Controls an area not exceeding 5,000 square feet or
5 percent of footprint for footprints over 100,000
square feet, whichever is greater.
1513.7 Commissioning Requirements: For lighting controls
which include daylight or occupant sensing automatic controls,
automatic shut-off controls, occupancy sensors, or automatic
time switches, the lighting controls shall be tested to ensure
that control devices, components, equipment and systems are
calibrated, adjusted and operate in accordance with approved
plans and specifications. Sequences of operation shall be
functionally tested to ensure they operate in accordance with
approved plans and specifications. A complete report of test
procedures and results shall be prepared and filed with the
owner. Drawing notes shall require commissioning in
accordance with this paragraph.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-11-1514
Exit signs.
Exit signs shall have an
input power demand of 5 watts or less per sign.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 05-01-013, filed 12/2/04,
effective 7/1/05)
WAC 51-11-1521
Prescriptive interior lighting
requirements.
Spaces for which the Unit Lighting Power
Allowance in Table 15-1 is 0.8 watts per square foot or
greater may use unlimited numbers of lighting fixtures and
lighting energy, provided that the installed lighting fixtures
comply with all four of the following criteria:
Track lighting is not allowed under this path.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Up to a total of 5 percent of installed lighting fixtures may use any type of ballasted lamp and do
not require dimming controls.
2. Clear safety lenses are allowed in food prep and serving areas and patient care areas in otherwise
compliant fixtures.
3. ((
Exit lights are not included in the count of fixtures provided that they do not exceed 5 watts per
fixture and are light emitting diode (LED) type or T-1 fluorescent type only. (See the Uniform Fire
Code for face illumination footcandle requirements and other requirements.)
4.)) LED lights ((other than exit lights addressed by exception 3.
5.)) 4. Metal halide lighting which complies with all three of the following criteria:
i. Luminaires or lamps which have a reflector or louver assembly to direct the light;
ii. Fixtures are fitted with ceramic metal halide lamps not exceeding 150 watts; and
iii. Electronic ballasts.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 01-03-010, filed 1/5/01,
effective 7/1/01)
WAC 51-11-1530
Lighting power allowance option.
The
installed lighting wattage shall not exceed the lighting power
allowance. Lighting wattage includes lamp and ballast
wattage. ((Wattage for fluorescent lamps and ballasts shall
be tested per ANSI Standard C82.2-1984.
The wattage used for any unballasted fixture shall be the
maximum UL listed wattage for that fixture regardless of the
lamp installed. The wattage used for track lighting shall be:,)) and plugin busway,
designed to allow the addition and/or relocation of luminaires
without altering the wiring of the system, the wattage shall
be:luminare)) luminaire wattage, whichever is
greater, orb. For low voltage track, 25 watts per lineal foot of
track or the VA rating of the transformer, whichever is
greater.)) 2. The wattage limit of permanent current limiting
device(s) on the system.
No credit towards compliance with the lighting power
allowances shall be given for the use of any controls,
automatic or otherwise.
((Exit lights that are 5 watts or less per fixture shall
not be included in the lighting power allowance calculations.
Other exit lights shall be included in the lighting power
allowance calculations.))
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 05-01-013, filed 12/2/04,
effective 7/1/05)
WAC 51-11-1532
Exterior lighting power allowance.
((The
exterior lighting power allowance shall be the sum of the
calculated allowances for parking, outdoor areas and building
exteriors. The lighting allowance for covered parking, open
parking and outdoor areas that are illuminated shall be 0.20
watts per square foot. The lighting allowance for building
exteriors shall be calculated either by multiplying the
building facade area by 0.25 watts per square foot or
multiplying the building perimeter in feet by 7.5 watts per
linear foot.
EXCEPTIONS:1. Group U Occupancy accessory to Group R-3 or R-4 Occupancy.
2. For covered parking, 0.30 w/sf may be used for the lighting provided that the ceilings and walls are
painted or stained with a reflectance value of 0.70 or higher.
TABLE 15-1
Unit Lighting Power Allowance (LPA)((
Use1LPA2Painting, welding, carpentry, machine shops2.3Barber shops, beauty shops2.0Hotel banquet/conference/exhibition hall3,42.0Laboratories (See also office and other
appropriate categories)1.8Aircraft repair hangars1.5Cafeterias, fast food establishments51.5Factories, workshops, handling areas1.5Gas stations, auto repair shops61.5Institutions1.5Libraries51.5Nursing homes and hotel/motel guest rooms1.5Retail10, retail banking1.5Wholesale stores (pallet rack shelving)1.5Mall concourses1.4Schools buildings (Group E Occupancy only),
school classrooms, day care centers1.35Laundries1.20Medical offices, clinics121.20Office buildings, office/administrative areas in
facilities of other use types (including but
not limited to schools, hospitals,
institutions, museums, banks, churches)5,7,111.00Police and fire stations81.00Atria (atriums)1.0Assembly spaces9, auditoriums, gymnasia9,
theaters1.0Group R-1 and R-2 common areas1.0Process plants1.0Restaurants/bars51.0Locker and/or shower facilities0.8Warehouses11, storage areas0.5Aircraft storage hangars0.4Parking garagesSee SectionPlans Submitted for Common Areas Only7Main floor building lobbies3 (except mall
concourses)1.2Common areas, corridors, toilet facilities and
washrooms, elevator lobbies0.8))
All exterior building grounds luminaires that operate at
greater than 100 watts shall contain lamps having a minimum
efficacy of 60 lm/W unless the luminaire is controlled by a
motion sensor or qualifies for one of the following
exceptions.
The total exterior lighting power allowance for all
exterior building applications is the sum of the individual
lighting power densities permitted in Table 15-2 for these
applications. Trade-offs are allowed only among exterior
lighting applications listed in the Table 15-2 "Tradable
Surfaces" section.
EXCEPTION:
Lighting used for the following exterior applications is exempt when equipped with a control device independent
of the control of the nonexempt lighting:
a. Specialized signal, directional, and marker lighting associated with transportation.
b. Lighting integral to signs.
c. Lighting integral to equipment or instrumentation and installed by its manufacturer.
d. Lighting for theatrical purposes, including performance, stage, film production, and video production.
e. Lighting for athletic playing areas.
f. Temporary lighting.
g. Lighting for industrial production.
h. Theme elements in theme/amusement parks.
i. Lighting used to highlight features of public monuments.
j. Group U Occupancy accessory to Group R-3 or R-4 Occupancy.
1540 Transformers. The minimum efficiency of a low voltage
dry-type distribution transformer shall be the Class I
Efficiency Levels for distribution transformers specified in
Table 4-2 of the "Guide for Determining Energy Efficiency for
Distribution Transformers" published by the National
Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA TP-1-2002).
Unit Lighting Power Allowance (LPA)Use1
LPA2
Automotive facility
0.9
Convention center
1.2
Court house
1.2
Cafeterias, fast food establishments5,
restaurants/bars5
1.3
Dormitory
1.0
Exercise center
1.0
Gymnasia9, assembly spaces9
1.0
Health care clinic
1.0
Hospital, nursing homes, and other Group I-1 and
I-2 Occupancies
1.2
Hotel/motel
1.0
Hotel banquet/conference/exhibition hall3,4
2.0
Laboratory spaces (all spaces not classified
"laboratory" shall meet office and other
appropriate categories)
1.8
Laundries
1.2
Libraries5
1.3
Manufacturing facility
1.3
Museum
1.1
Office buildings, office/administrative areas in
facilities of other use types (including but
not limited to schools, hospitals,
institutions, museums, banks, churches)5,7,11
1.0
Parking garages
0.2
Penitentiary and other Group I-3 Occupancies
1.0
Police and fire stations8
1.0
Post office
1.1
Retail10, retail banking, mall concourses,
wholesale stores (pallet rack shelving)
1.5
School buildings (Group E Occupancy only),
school classrooms, day care centers
1.2
Theater, motion picture
1.2
Theater, performing arts
1.6
Transportation
1.0
Warehouses11, storage areas
0.5
Workshop
1.4
Plans Submitted for Common Areas Only7
Main floor building lobbies3 (except mall
concourses)
1.2
All building common areas, corridors, toilet
facilities and washrooms, elevator lobbies,
including Group R-1 and R-2 Occupancies
0.8
2. The watts per square foot may be increased, by two percent per foot of ceiling height above twenty feet, unless specifically directed otherwise by subsequent footnotes.
3. Watts per square foot of room may be increased by two percent per foot of ceiling height above twelve feet.
4. For all other spaces, such as seating and common areas, use the Unit Light Power Allowance for assembly.
5. Watts per square foot of room may be increased by two percent per foot of ceiling height above nine feet.
6. ((See Section 1532 for exterior lighting.)) Reserved.
7. For conference rooms and offices less than 150 ft2 with
full-height partitions, a Unit Lighting Power Allowance
of ((1.20)) 1.1 W/ft2 may be used.
8. ((For the fire engine room, the Unit Lighting Power
Allowance is 1.0 watts per square foot.)) Reserved.
9. For indoor sport tournament courts with adjacent spectator seating over 5,000, the Unit Lighting Power Allowance for the court area is 2.6 watts per square foot.
10. Display window illumination installed within 2 feet of the window, provided that the display window is separated from the retail space by walls or at least three-quarter-height partitions (transparent or opaque) and lighting for free-standing display where the lighting moves with the display are exempt.
An additional 1.5 w/ft2 of merchandise display luminaires are exempt provided that they comply with all three of the following:
(a) Located on ceiling-mounted track or directly on or
recessed into the ceiling itself (not on the wall).
(b) Adjustable in both the horizontal and vertical axes
(vertical axis only is acceptable for fluorescent and
other fixtures with two points of track attachment).
(c) Fitted with LED, tungsten halogen, fluorescent, or
high intensity discharge lamps.
This additional lighting power is allowed only if the
lighting is actually installed.
11. Provided that a floor plan, indicating rack location and height, is submitted, the square footage for a warehouse may be defined, for computing the interior Unit Lighting Power Allowance, as the floor area not covered by racks plus the vertical face area (access side only) of the racks. The height allowance defined in footnote 2 applies only to the floor area not covered by racks.
((12. Medical and clinical offices include those
facilities which, although not providing overnight
patient care, do provide medical, dental, or
psychological examination and treatment. These spaces
include, but are not limited to, laboratories and
treatment centers.))
TABLE 15-2
Lighting Power Densities for Building Exteriors
| Tradable Surfaces | Uncovered Parking Areas | |
| (Lighting power densities for uncovered parking areas, building grounds, | Parking lots and drives | 0.15 W/ft2 |
| building entrances and exits, canopies | Building Grounds | |
| and overhangs and outdoor sales areas may be traded.) | Walkways less than 10 feet wide | 1.0 W/linear foot |
| Walkways 10 feet wide or greater | 0.2 W/ft2 | |
| Plaza areas | ||
| Special feature areas | ||
| Stairways | 1.0 W/ft2 | |
| Building Entrances and Exits | ||
| Main entries | 30 W/linear foot of door width | |
| Other doors | 20 W/linear foot of door width | |
| Canopies and Overhangs | ||
| Canopies (free standing and attached and overhangs) | 1.25 W/ft2 | |
| Outdoor Sales | ||
| Open areas (including vehicle sales lots) | 0.5 W/ft2 | |
| Street frontage for vehicle sales lots in addition to "open area" allowance | 20 W/linear foot | |
| Nontradable Surfaces (Lighting power density calculations for the following applications can be used only for the specific application and cannot be traded between surfaces or with other |
Building facades | 0.2 W/ft2 for each illuminated wall
or surface or 5.0 W/linear foot for each illuminated wall or surface length |
| exterior lighting. The following allowances are in addition to any allowance otherwise permitted in the "tradable surfaces" section of this table.) | Automated teller machines and night depositories | 270 W per location plus 90 W per additional ATM per location |
| Entrances and gatehouse inspection stations at guarded facilities | 1.25 W/ft2 of uncovered area (covered areas are included in the "Canopies and Overhangs" section of "Tradable Surfaces") | |
| Loading areas for law enforcement, fire, ambulance and other emergency service vehicles | 0.5 W/ft2 of uncovered area (covered areas are included in the "Canopies and Overhangs" section of "Tradable Surfaces") | |
| Material handling and associated storage | 0.5 W/ft2 | |
| Drive-up windows at fast food restaurants | 400 W per drive-through | |
| Parking near 24-hour retail entrances | 800 W per main entry | |
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045 and chapters 19.27, 19.27A, and 34.05 RCW. 05-01-013, § 51-11-1532, filed 12/2/04, effective 7/1/05. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020, 19.27A.045. 04-01-106, § 51-11-1532, filed 12/17/03, effective 7/1/04. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 01-03-010, § 51-11-1532, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025. 93-21-052, § 51-11-1532, filed 10/18/93, effective 4/1/94.]
REFERENCE STANDARD 29: NONRESIDENTIAL BUILDING DESIGN BY SYSTEMS ANALYSIS
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 04-01-106, filed 12/17/03,
effective 7/1/04)
WAC 51-11-99902
Section 2 -- General principles and
requirements.
2.1 Energy Analysis: Compliance with this Standard will
require an analysis of the annual energy usage, hereinafter
called an annual energy analysis.
A building designed in accordance with this Standard will
be deemed as complying with this Code, if
a. The calculated annual energy consumption is not
greater than that of a corresponding "standard design," as
defined below and in Section 3,
and;
b. Whose enclosure elements and energy-consuming systems
comply with Sections 1310 through 1314, 1410 through 1416,
1440 through 1443, 1450 through 1454 ((and)), 1510 through
((1513)) 1514 and 1540. Buildings shall only vary from those
requirements in Sections 1330 through 1334, 1432 through 1439
and 1530 through 1532 where those variations have been
accurately and completely modeled. Where variations are not
specifically analyzed, the building shall comply with these
requirements.
For a proposed building design to be considered similar to a "standard design," it shall utilize the same energy source(s) for the same functions and have equal floor area and the same ratio of envelope area to floor area, environmental requirements, occupancy, climate data and usage operational schedule. Inputs to the energy analysis relating to occupancy and usage shall correspond to the expected occupancy and usage of the building.
Except as noted below, the systems identified, and, to
the extent possible, the assumptions made in assigning energy
inputs to each system, shall be the same for the standard
design and the proposed design. When electrically driven heat
pumps, other than multiple units connected to a common water
loop, are employed to provide all or part of the heat for the
proposed design, the standard design shall also, for the
purposes of the analysis, assume that electrically driven heat
pump, in conformance with Chapter 14 of the Code and having
capacity at least as great as those used in the proposed
design are employed.
2.2 Design: The standard design and the proposed design shall
be designed on a common basis as specified herein:
a. The comparison shall be expressed as kBtu input per square foot of conditioned floor area per year at the building site. Buildings which use electricity as the only fuel source, comparisons may be expressed in kWh. When converting electricity in kWh to kBtu a multiplier of 3.413 kWh/kBtu shall be used.
b. If the proposed design results in an increase in consumption of one energy source and a decrease in another energy source, even though similar sources are used for similar purposes, the difference in each energy source shall be converted to equivalent energy units for purposes of comparing the total energy used.
2.3 Analysis Procedure: The analysis of the annual energy
usage of the standard and the proposed building and system
design shall meet the following criteria:
a. The building heating/cooling load calculation procedure used for annual energy consumption analysis shall be detailed to permit the evaluation of effect of factors specified in Section 2.4.
b. The calculation procedure used to simulate the operation of the building and its service systems through a full-year operating period shall be detailed to permit the evaluation of the effect of system design, climatic factors, operational characteristics and mechanical equipment on annual energy usage. Manufacturer's data or comparable field test data shall be used when available in the simulation of systems and equipment. The calculation procedure shall be based upon 8,760 hours of operation of the building and its service systems and shall utilize the design methods, specified in Standard RS-1 listed in Chapter 7 of the Code or in other programs approved by the building official.
2.4 Calculation Procedure: The calculation procedure shall
cover the following items:
a. Design requirements--Design heating conditions and design cooling conditions as defined in Chapter 2 of the Code.
b. Climatic data--Coincident hourly data for temperatures, solar radiation, wind and humidity of typical days in the year representing seasonal variation.
c. Building data--Orientation, size, shape, mass, air and heat transfer characteristics.
d. Operational characteristics--Temperature, humidity, ventilation, illumination and control mode for occupied and unoccupied hours.
e. Mechanical equipment--Design capacity and part load profile.
f. Building loads--Internal heat generation, lighting, equipment and number of people during occupied and unoccupied periods.
2.5 Documentation: All analyses submitted shall be
accompanied by an energy analysis comparison report. The
report shall provide technical detail on the two building and
system designs and on the data used in and resulting from the
comparative analysis to verify that both the analysis and the
designs meet the criteria of Section 1.
The calculation procedure for the standard design and the
proposed design shall separately identify the calculated
annual energy consumption for each different occupancy type,
if possible, for each of the following end uses:
a. Interior lighting;
b. Parking lighting;
c. Exterior lighting;
d. Space heating;
e. Space cooling;
f. Interior ventilation/fans;
g. Parking ventilation/fans;
h. Exhaust fans;
i. Service water heating;
j. Elevators;
k. Appliances.
Energy consumption of the following items shall be
included but is not required to be separated out by each
individual item.
a. Office equipment;
b. Refrigeration other than comfort cooling;
c. Cooking; and
d. Any other energy-consuming equipment.
The specifications of the proposed building project used
in the analysis shall be as similar as is reasonably practical
to those in the plans submitted for a building permit.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020, 19.27A.045. 04-01-106, § 51-11-99902, filed 12/17/03, effective 7/1/04. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 01-03-010, § 51-11-99902, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025. 93-21-052, § 51-11-99902, filed 10/18/93, effective 4/1/94.]
The following sections of the Washington Administrative Code are repealed:
| WAC 51-11-0626 | Table 6-2 -- Reserved. |
| WAC 51-11-0627 | Table 6-3 -- Reserved. |
| WAC 51-11-0628 | Table 6-4 -- Reserved. |
| WAC 51-11-0629 | Table 6-5 -- Reserved. |
| WAC 51-11-0630 | Table 6-6 -- Reserved. |
| WAC 51-11-0631 | Table 6-7 -- Reserved. |